283:-born maid-of-all-work who had been working in London since her late teens. They formed a relationship in which Munby was the master, whom Cullwick addressed as 'massa', and Cullwick the slave, with him training her in the virtues of hard work and loyalty. However, Cullwick used this master/slave dynamic to prove her own worth outside of Munby and put herself in a place of power. For example, she used the slave band Munby gave her to display the fact that she was a working-class woman, and that she was not ashamed of it; this can be seen in Cullwick’s journal when she says "my hands and arms are tho' chief to me, to get my living with."
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They married secretly in 1873 but
Cullwick resisted his efforts to place her in the role of a Victorian wife of his class. She continued to play the role of his domestic servant and only took on the role of a wife and lady when they traveled to Europe. They separated in 1877, but continued to see
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He kept journals from 1859 to 1898 that recorded the details of his interactions and in them he expressed his desire for the strength and care of a working woman. He was an amateur artist, and his diaries contain sketches of working women. He collected hundreds of photographs of such subjects as
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Munby and
Cullwick experienced their roles differently. He once visited Cullwick at her workplace where she is actually a servant. He wrote: "But to see her stand in a drawing room in her servant's dress and know that she is a servant and that the piano, the books, the pictures belong to her
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women, particularly those who performed hard physical labour. He strolled through the streets of London and other industrial cities and approached working women to ask about their lives and the details of their work, while noting their clothes and
299:, just a few metres from the house where she was born. Their landlord was her brother Jim Cullwick. Their marriage was kept secret from all but a few close friends and Munby revealed it to his brother only a few months before his own death from
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Sometimes catalogued with J.W. Streeten as co-author. Munby did not collect all of the 692 epitaphs he published himself. His volume includes 311 epitaphs collected by
Streeten which were published anonymously in 1826 in a volume titled
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for more than a decade and helped promote the
Working Men's College Volunteer Corps, a response to the national call in 1859 for Volunteer Rifle Corps in response to a perceived war threat from
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in 1855. Munby became a barrister in accordance with his father's wish, a traditional role for an eldest son in his class. He worked as a civil servant in the
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each other and at times lived together until
Cullwick's death in 1909. From 1887 onwards, the couple rented a cottage in the Shropshire village of
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mistress... this I could not endure." She, on the other hand, enjoyed waiting on him when he stayed at an inn where she was working.
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Davidoff, Leonore (1979). "Class and Gender in
Victorian England: The Diaries of Arthur J. Munby and Hannah Cullwick".
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Rust, Martha Dana (1994). "In the Humble
Service of Her Emancipation: Hannah Cullwick's Maid-of-All-Work Diaries".
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Our Hannah: A biography of the
Victorian published diarist Hannah Cullwick (1833-1909)
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Faithful
Servants: being epitaphs and obituaries recording their names and services
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Watching Hannah: Sexuality, Horror and Bodily De-formation in
Victorian England
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Inside the Victorian Home: A Portrait of Domestic Life in Victorian England
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Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest
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635:. Reeves and Turner. pp. xiii–xiv – via Internet Archive.
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Love and Dirt: The Marriage of Arthur Munby and Hannah Cullwick
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The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant
465:"The Bizarre Victorian Diaries of Cullwick and Munby"
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450:A History of the Working Men's College (1854-1954)
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162:(19 August 1828 – 29 January 1910) was a British
221:His published poetry included the collections
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698:Victorian Working Women: Portraits from Life
806:People educated at St Peter's School, York
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616:"Trinity College Library Cambridge: MUNB"
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37:Arthur J. Munby. Frontispiece to Munby's
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244:. Munby penned verses of support, the
198:on 19 August 1828. He was educated at
138:Please consider expanding the lead to
452:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
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816:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
463:Wills, Matthew (10 September 2018).
715:. Lewis Sinclair Associates, 2022 (
587:Hughes, Kathryn (18 January 2003).
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730:. Rutgers University Press, 1984.
425:"Munby, Arthur James (MNBY847AJ)"
856:Deaths from pneumonia in England
846:English male non-fiction writers
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321:One of Munby's best friends was
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130:may be too short to adequately
791:19th-century English educators
653:. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004
270:women who worked at collieries
140:provide an accessible overview
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821:English educational theorists
786:19th-century English diarists
796:19th-century English lawyers
216:Ecclesiastical Commissioners
663:. New York: Macmillan, 2003
429:A Cambridge Alumni Database
872:
801:19th-century English poets
431:. University of Cambridge.
316:Trinity College, Cambridge
204:Trinity College, Cambridge
97:Trinity College, Cambridge
589:"A good roll in the muck"
547:McClintock, Anne (1995).
512:2027/spo.0499697.0005.106
314:His papers are housed at
255:Munby had an interest in
194:Arthur Munby was born in
170:, portrait photographer,
39:Vestigia Retrorsum: Poems
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683:Munby: Man of Two Worlds
736:Pacific Coast Philology
700:. Gordon Fraser, 1979 (
553:. New York: Routledge.
323:Richard Monckton-Milnes
246:Invicta: a Song of 1860
200:St Peter's School, York
826:English civil servants
811:Portrait photographers
726:Stanley, Liz, editor;
629:Munby, Arthur (1891).
311:, on 29 January 1910.
178:. He is also known as
238:Working Men's College
106:Barrister, solicitor
670:. Reaktion, 2002. (
160:Arthur Joseph Munby
51:Arthur Joseph Munby
25:Arthur Joseph Munby
841:English male poets
836:English solicitors
831:English barristers
649:Flanders, Judith;
446:Harrison, J. F. C.
381:Verses New and Old
348:. You can help by
275:In 1854 Munby met
250:Middlesex Regiment
227:Verses New and Old
851:Writers from York
721:978-1-3999-3139-7
706:978-0-86092-033-5
685:. Gambit, 1972. (
632:Faithful Servants
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127:lead section
71:(1910-01-29)
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781:1910 deaths
776:1828 births
469:JSTOR Daily
225:(1852) and
184:A. J. Munby
85:Nationality
770:Categories
600:13 January
411:References
281:Shropshire
232:He taught
521:0046-3663
402:Epitaphia
301:pneumonia
229:(1865).
190:Biography
176:solicitor
172:barrister
132:summarize
93:Education
569:29911127
474:27 April
448:(1954).
262:dialects
756:1316351
529:3177552
396:, 1891
305:Pyrford
297:Shifnal
236:at the
164:diarist
88:British
77:Pyrford
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383:, 1865
377:, 1852
375:Benoni
369:Poetry
309:Surrey
293:Hadley
223:Benoni
41:(1892)
752:JSTOR
525:JSTOR
234:Latin
210:from
717:ISBN
702:ISBN
687:ISBN
672:ISBN
602:2021
565:OCLC
555:ISBN
517:ISSN
476:2021
202:and
196:York
182:and
174:and
168:poet
66:Died
58:York
47:Born
744:doi
507:hdl
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303:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
