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tree. However, there was a change from classic to modern and this change occurred when numerous other artifacts became plasticized. The culture of
Christmas intersects with the culture of plastic, and so the artificial Christmas tree is born. Its popularity has grown since its invention, creating a new demand. "Reports cite a 34 percent drop in live tree sales the past decade, and a 30 percent rise last year alone in the sale of fake trees, to 9.6 million". A demand for plastic starts with economics: how cheap plastic objects are compared to their non-plastic counterpart. "...uncertain economic times ensure more Americans will be looking at Christmas trees as an investment...a single artificial Christmas tree costs 70 percent less than the purchase of ten real Christmas trees over the same period of time". All of this mixed with our convenience culture that enjoys the ease of new technologies, the artificial Christmas tree has blossomed into the holiday staple that it is today.
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275:-based company offers "holographic mylar" trees in many hues. Tree-shaped objects made from such materials as cardboard, glass, ceramic or other materials can be found in use as tabletop decorations. Upside-down artificial Christmas trees were originally introduced as a marketing gimmick; they allowed consumers to get closer to ornaments for sale in retail stores as well as opened up floor space for more products. There were three varieties of upside-down trees, those bolted to the ceiling, stand alone trees with a base, and half-trees bolted to walls.
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405:, there do exist "worst-case scenarios" where major health risks to young children are present. The lead author of the 2004 study, Richard Maas, noted in 2005: "We found that if we leave one of these trees standing for a week, and we wipe under the tree we'll find large amounts of lead dust in many cases under the tree".
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area in China. Between
January and September 2011, over 79.7 million dollars worth of artificial Christmas trees were exported to the United States. The number of artificial Christmas trees imported to United States rose 139 million in the same nine-month period in 2012. Promoters of artificial trees
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has become increasingly popular in the United States and
Germany as well, due to added ease of not having to string one's own lights. Types of lights popular today include incandescent lights (also referred to as "mini lights") and LED lights (where each bulb has its own socket, preventing the whole
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or other common types of
Christmas trees. During the 1990s trees not only began to appear more realistic but some also smelled more realistic. Many of these more modern models come with pre-strung lights and hinged branches which simply had to be snapped into position. More recently, companies such
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poll revealed that 58 percent of U.S. residents used an artificial tree instead of a natural tree. The real versus artificial tree debate has been popular in mass media through the early 21st century. The debate is a frequent topic of news articles during the
Christmas holiday season. Early 21st
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The tradition of putting up and decorating a
Christmas tree is considered an iconic symbol of the holiday and has become a focal point in the homes of those who participate in Christmas festivities. It is a ritual activity that many have fond memories of and there is a nostalgia to having a real
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Developed in the 1880s, the feather trees became increasingly popular during the early part of the 20th century. The German feather trees eventually made their way to the United States where they became rather popular as well. In fact, the use of natural
Christmas trees in the United States was
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report found that as the PVC in artificial
Christmas trees aged it began to degrade. The report determined that of the 50 million artificial trees in the United States approximately 20 million were 9 or more years old, the point where dangerous lead contamination levels are reached.
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which acted as the trunk
Feather Christmas trees ranged widely in size, from a small 5-centimeter (2-inch) tree to a large 2.5-meter (98-inch) tree sold in department stores during the 1920s. Often, the tree branches were tipped with artificial red berries which acted as
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showed the reasons why consumers were beginning to prefer artificial over natural
Christmas trees. The reasons included safety, one-time purchasing, and environmental responsibility but the biggest reason respondents gave pollsters was no messy needle clean up.
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The debate about the environmental impact of artificial trees is ongoing. Generally, natural tree growers contend that artificial trees are more environmentally harmful than their natural counterpart. On the other side of the debate, trade groups such as the
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Most artificial Christmas trees are made from PVC plastic. PVC trees are fire-retardant but not fire-resistant. Many of these trees are made in China; from January to August 2005 $ 69 million worth of artificial trees from China entered the United States.
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Feather Christmas trees, originally of German origin, became popular in the United States as well. Feather trees were initially made of green-dyed goose feathers which were attached to wire branches. These wire branches were then wrapped around a central
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string from going out should one bulb burn out). Prelit trees are subject to the mandatory regulations for the safety standards of electrical products and have to meet safety standards approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory such as UL (
215:), ETL (Intertek), GS, BS and RoHS. Artificial Christmas trees may be "frosted" or "glittered" and designed for outdoor uses with UV additives. Plastic trees can come in a variety of different colors, and one type came with built-in speakers and an
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trees come in two major varieties, one resembles a traditional Christmas tree. The other type of fiber optic Christmas tree is one where the entire tree is made of wispy fiber optic cable, a tree composed entirely of light. David Gutshall, of
124:. The branches were widely spaced to keep the candles from starting a fire, which allowed ample space for ornamentation. Other benefits touted for feather trees included the elimination of a trip to the tree lot and the lack of shed needles.
338:
There is also a robust market for artificial Christmas trees in Poland. An estimated 20 percent of all Christmas trees sold in Poland are artificial, and many are made domestically by individual families. One producer from
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was often used as a stabilizer in PVC, but it is now prohibited by Chinese laws. Most PVC materials for making artificial Christmas trees are now using tin as a stabilizer. PVC was used in some of the
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highlight them as convenient, reusable, and of better quality than artificial trees of old. Supporters also note that some apartment buildings have banned natural trees because of fire concerns.
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where the majority of the trees were produced. Aluminum trees were manufactured into the 1970s, and had their height of popularity from their inception until about 1965. That year
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Trends in artificial tree consumption have constantly evolved and a number of designer and other types of artificial Christmas trees have appeared on the market.
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century coverage of the debate focused on the decrease in natural Christmas tree sales, and rise in artificial tree sales over the late 1990s and early 2000s.
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to investigate lead levels in Chinese imported artificial trees. Lead-free artificial Christmas trees do exist; for example, one U.S.-based company uses
43:. The earliest artificial Christmas trees were wooden, tree-shaped pyramids or feather trees, both developed by Germans. Most modern trees are made of
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Langer, Gary. (2004, December 23). Poll: Fake Christmas Trees Grow Popular. Retrieved from ABC News: abcnews.go.com/US/PollVault/print?id=355330
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Companies such as Mountain King, Barcana and the National Tree Company have marketed increasingly realistic PVC trees made to closely resemble
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stated that every other house was an artificial tree producer. The trees are made from a special film which is imported mostly from China or
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In 1992, in the United States, about 46 percent of homes displaying Christmas trees displayed an artificial tree. Twelve years later, a 2004
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industry in the United States. In 2004, the U.S. Christmas tree industry hired the advertising agency Smith-Harroff to spearhead an
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pre-dated by a type of artificial tree. These first trees were wooden, tree-shaped pyramids lit by candles, they were developed in
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aired for the first time, and its negative portrayal of aluminum Christmas trees is credited for a subsequent decline in sales.
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Palmer, J. B. (2008, December 3). Choices Abound for PVC Christmas Trees This Season. Retrieved from Vinyl News Service:
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were developed in Germany during the 19th century, though earlier examples exist. These "trees" were made using goose
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bristles. The trees were made from the same animal-hair bristles used in toilet brushes, save they were dyed green.
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848:"'Deck the Halls' Safely: CSPS Estimates More than 15,000 Holiday Decorating Injuries During November and December"
347:. Entire families take part in production and the trees are sold throughout Poland with some being exported to the
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377:, continue to refute that artificial trees are more harmful to the environment and maintain that the PVC used in
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Patents; A host of products offer new ways to make the holiday season just a little bit more inventive
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molded from natural tree branches in an effort to create more realistic artificial Christmas trees.
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Aluminum trees were manufactured in the United States, first in Chicago in 1958, and later in
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Artificial pine or fir tree manufactured for the specific purpose of use as a Christmas tree
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401:. A 2004 study found that while in general artificial trees pose little health risk from
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that were dyed green. The German feather trees were one response by Germans to continued
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is an artificial pine or fir tree manufactured for the specific purpose of use as a
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Grower says real Christmas trees are better for environment than artificial ones
789:, via Scripps Howard News Service, December 16, 2005, accessed December 14, 2008
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A typical 1.8-meter-tall (6 ft) recycled PVC Christmas tree made by Oncor
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47:(PVC) but many other types of trees have been and are available, including
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Housewares Company created the first artificial Christmas tree made from
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called the idea that artificial trees are eco-friendly an "urban myth".
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The rise in popularity of artificial trees did not go unnoticed by the
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aimed at rejuvenating lagging sales of natural trees. A 1975 poll by
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886:(The Vinyl Institute), December 3, 2008, accessed December 15, 2008.
1344:, December 2004; 67(5): 20–4, 32, accessed December 15, 2008.
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Lead Exposures in U.S. Children, 2008: Implications for Prevention
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Artificial Christmas trees: how real are the lead exposure risks?
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355:. The main artificial Christmas tree producer in Poland is in
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October 2008; 116(10): 1285–1293, accessed December 15, 2008.
545:), Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005, p. 129, (
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instead of lead as a stabilizer in its PVC trees. A 2008
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Merry Christmas!: Celebrating America's Greatest Holiday
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Most artificial Christmas trees are manufactured in the
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has excellent recyclable properties. One researcher at
482:), University of California Press, 2007, pp. 121–22, (
1028:, one-day course listing, accessed December 16, 2008.
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A dark family secret: the artificial Christmas tree
873:Choices Abound for PVC Christmas Trees this Season
692:It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas (1958)
1374:), November 29, 2005, accessed December 15, 2008.
1243:), November 26, 2008, accessed December 14, 2008.
619:), Texas A&M University Press, 1994, p. 62, (
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1319:, December 13, 2007, accessed December 15, 2008.
1169:, December 21, 2006, accessed December 14, 2008.
1142:, December 23, 2004, accessed December 14, 2008.
1122:, November 30, 1992, accessed December 14, 2008.
1070:, November 10, 2008, accessed December 16, 2008.
1051:", November 9, 2005, accessed December 16, 2008.
985:, December 14, 1998, accessed December 15, 2008.
767:, December 18, 2005, accessed December 14, 2008.
525:, December 12, 2003, accessed December 15, 2008.
512:Faux Christmas Tree Crop Yields Special Concerns
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1254:Facts on PVC Used in Artificial Christmas Trees
700:, October 26, 2008, accessed December 14, 2008.
591:), Harvard University Press, 2000, pp. 58–62, (
441:Attack of the Mutant Artificial Christmas Trees
110:An example of an antique feather Christmas tree
607:
605:
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1215:, December 19, 2002, accessed March 29, 2009.
955:"Singing the Praises of Fake Christmas Trees"
8:
1267:, official site, accessed December 15, 2008.
1189:, 23 December 2004, accessed March 29, 2009.
1156:Fight Before Christmas: Real Trees vs. Fakes
917:, December 2006, accessed December 15, 2008.
1774:Canadian Christmas Tree Growers Association
1695:Norwegian Christmas Tree (Washington, D.C.)
1305:
1303:
1301:
1278:Artificial Christmas Trees Not Eco-Friendly
1039:Demand Grows for Upside Down Christmas Tree
929:"How Lovely Are Your Polyethylene Branches"
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1769:British Christmas Tree Growers Association
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1417:, Winter 2007, accessed December 18, 2008.
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759:Town Leads Aluminum Christmas Tree Revival
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1784:Danish Christmas Tree Growers Association
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717:), Big Earth Publishing, 2006, p. 178, (
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251:A stand-alone upside down Christmas tree
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783:O Christmas tree, are ye real or fake?
662:Christmas Trees: Fun and Festive Ideas
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1311:Lawmakers target fake Christmas trees
1062:Fake trees turn Christmas on its head
852:US Consumer Product Safety Commission
822:"A Brief History of Christmas Lights"
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800:"Simplify Your Christmas Decorating"
422:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1789:National Christmas Tree Association
1764:American Christmas Tree Association
1428:American Christmas Tree Association
1265:American Christmas Tree Association
953:Jameson, Marni (December 2, 2011).
927:Johnson, Kirk (November 27, 2010).
454:, tallest artificial Christmas tree
414:Consumer Products Safety Commission
375:American Christmas Tree Association
91:Types of artificial Christmas trees
668:), Chronicle Books, 2002, p. 23, (
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1355:Lead Found in Holiday Decorations
1392:Environmental Health Perspective
649:University of Illinois Extension
1342:Journal of Environmental Health
711:Great Wisconsin Winter Weekends
1873:Christmas in the United States
1779:Christmas Tree Promotion Board
1486:Christmas tree pests and weeds
213:Canadian Standards Association
169:Christmas tree decorated with
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994:"Table-top Christmas Tree", (
748:, accessed December 14, 2008.
651:, accessed December 15, 2008.
1743:White House (Washington D.C)
802:. CBS News. December 4, 2010
1293:Research and Extension News
1116:Holiday trees in oversupply
476:Christmas: A Candid History
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1868:Artificial Christmas trees
1481:Christmas tree cultivation
399:2007 recalled Chinese toys
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1725:Trafalgar Square (London)
1538:Artificial Christmas tree
744:, December 24, 2006, via
709:Andrews, Candice Gaukel.
638:Christmas Tree Traditions
611:Silverthorne, Elizabeth.
452:Sri Lankan Christmas tree
447:Christmas tree production
311:Michigan State University
187:A Charlie Brown Christmas
1594:Pleated Christmas hearts
1328:Maas, Richard P. et al.
1154:Muñoz, Sara, Schaefer. "
902:How Christmas Trees Work
127:In 1930 a British-based
49:aluminum Christmas trees
1660:Downing Street (London)
1543:Aluminum Christmas tree
1386:Levin, Ronnie, et al. "
1289:Kansas State University
1224:Hayes, Sharon Caskey. "
1200:Pining Fir the Holidays
1167:The Wall Street Journal
787:San Francisco Chronicle
383:Kansas State University
262:Johnstown, Pennsylvania
145:Aluminum Christmas tree
81:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
53:fiber-optic illuminated
1842:Singing Christmas Tree
1655:Grand Place (Brussels)
1548:Feather Christmas tree
1430:, industry trade group
690:Fortin, Cassandra A. "
539:A Christmas Compendium
408:In 2007, U.S. Senator
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303:Christmas tree farming
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102:Feather Christmas tree
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1599:Shiny Brite ornaments
1049:All Things Considered
1044:National Public Radio
1004:January 1937, p. 117.
510:Perkins, Broderick. "
474:Forbes, Bruce David.
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63:The first artificial
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1810:Christmas tree stand
1690:Mount Ingino (Italy)
1241:Kingsport, Tennessee
1237:Kingsport Times-News
1015:Glass Christmas Tree
660:Cole, Peter, et al.
583:Marling, Karal Ann.
363:Environmental issues
233:Christmas Tree World
182:Manitowoc, Wisconsin
1502:Canadian production
1026:Diablo Glass School
975:Chartrand, Sabra. "
294:The Washington Post
37:fake Christmas tree
1710:Rockefeller Center
1705:U.S. National Tree
1645:California Capitol
1574:Christmas ornament
1517:Mexican production
1360:2008-06-16 at the
1283:2011-07-19 at the
1259:2008-12-29 at the
1231:2010-06-27 at the
1205:2009-01-13 at the
1161:2016-01-21 at the
1120:The New York Times
1020:2008-12-27 at the
982:The New York Times
933:The New York Times
907:2008-12-24 at the
900:Neer, Katherine. "
884:Vinyl News Service
878:2009-01-10 at the
828:. 21 December 2012
643:2008-12-16 at the
613:Christmas in Texas
517:2008-09-08 at the
403:lead contamination
389:Lead contamination
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1720:Toledo (Ohio) Zoo
1675:Lisbon (Portugal)
1604:Spider and/or web
1512:Global production
1507:Danish production
1414:American Heritage
1407:Wohleber, Curt. "
1001:Popular Mechanics
914:howstuffworks.com
826:Popular Mechanics
757:Pinto, Barbara. "
697:The Baltimore Sun
435:Artificial plants
412:(D-NY) asked the
332:Pearl River Delta
209:Underwriters Labs
55:Christmas trees.
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228:Ponderosa pine
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157:Christmas tree
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122:candle holders
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27:Christmas tree
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73:deforestation
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1825:Podłaźniczka
1798:Other topics
1757:Trade groups
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1700:U.S. Capitol
1665:Grove (L.A.)
1553:Pre-lit tree
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1316:The Politico
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1212:Warsaw Voice
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1099:. Retrieved
1095:the original
1084:
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1056:
1042:
1041:", (Audio),
1033:
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1009:
999:
996:Google Books
990:
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959:. Retrieved
948:
936:. Retrieved
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855:. Retrieved
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830:. Retrieved
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804:. Retrieved
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715:Google Books
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666:Google Books
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589:Google Books
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523:Realty Times
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480:Google Books
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237:(PE) plastic
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171:fairy lights
126:
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62:
36:
32:
30:
1619:Tree-topper
1609:Szaloncukor
1562:Decorations
1474:Cultivation
341:Koziegłówki
307:ad campaign
257:Fiber optic
224:Douglas fir
204:prelit tree
25:fiber optic
1862:Categories
1847:Tree baler
1805:Chichilaki
1569:Candy cane
1531:Artificial
1495:Production
1101:2013-12-13
723:1931599718
674:0811835774
625:0890965781
597:0674003187
551:0826487491
488:0520251040
459:References
318:Production
217:MP3 player
33:artificial
1715:Sri Lanka
1685:Milwaukee
1067:USA Today
537:John, J.
87:in 1747.
1409:Fake Fir
1358:Archived
1334:Abstract
1281:Archived
1257:Archived
1229:Archived
1203:Archived
1187:ABC News
1159:Archived
1140:ABC News
1018:Archived
905:Archived
876:Archived
857:July 17,
832:July 17,
806:July 16,
764:ABC News
641:Archived
515:Archived
429:See also
353:Slovakia
345:Thailand
289:ABC News
211:), CSA (
155:aluminum
139:Aluminum
96:Feathers
69:feathers
1738:Vatican
1733:(Paris)
1650:Chicago
1584:Garland
1372:Atlanta
961:July 2,
938:July 2,
279:Culture
194:Plastic
175:baubles
59:History
1640:Boston
1635:Anthem
1614:Tinsel
1589:Pickle
1338:PubMed
721:
672:
623:
595:
549:
486:
418:barium
273:Dallas
266:patent
1367:WSBTV
243:Other
133:brush
129:Addis
117:dowel
1731:Tree
1336:via
963:2015
940:2015
859:2015
834:2015
808:2015
719:ISBN
670:ISBN
621:ISBN
593:ISBN
547:ISBN
484:ISBN
395:lead
357:Piła
351:and
271:One
202:The
173:and
51:and
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231:as
167:PVC
153:An
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291:/
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