25:
82:
174:'s supporters at the next party congress. Tuominen was elected to the party's Central Committee and was put in charge of its Finnish bureau. He returned to Finland, where he was arrested on 26 January 1922, and subsequently imprisoned for publishing a proclamation urging Finnish workers to fight on the Soviet side during the Soviet-Finnish conflict over
239:
started, Tuominen was initially enthusiastic of the war in expectation of a quick Soviet victory. However, as the Soviet advance halted and international opinion rallied to
Finland's support, Tuominen's doubts started. He began to avoid contacting Moscow and sent feelers to Finnish Social Democrats.
244:
and started writing anticommunist pamphlets, which were given widespread publicity in
Finland. Tuominen had gone underground in Sweden, and it took some time for Moscow to find out what had happened. Within the Finnish communist movement, Tuominen became later known as the ultimate traitor.
252:("The Bells of Kremlin") had a great impact in Finland, being a critical description and an inside view of the Soviet Union under Stalin, written by a former leading Finnish communist who had met both Lenin and Stalin. Tuominen joined the Social Democratic Party, edited its newspaper
147:, a radical social democratic newspaper in Tampere. He was shortly arrested when the White Guards took the city in April, but he was soon released. After the Red Guards were defeated in May 1918 several Finnish radical social democratic leaders fled to
375:
390:
189:
In late 1932 Tuominen was paroled and received a letter from
Kuusinen, who was then one of the Comintern's secretaries, urging him to move to the Soviet Union. Tuominen secretly went to
380:
339:
224:
in
Finland. However, according to Tuominen, he refused to obey the order, broke with the Soviet Union and ordered the Communist Party of Finland not to assist the Red Army during the
395:
385:
248:
Tuominen remained in Sweden until 1956, when he returned to
Finland and published three volumes of bestselling memoirs in 1956–1958. Especially the second volume,
182:
in the spring of 1926 and was elected secretary of the
Finnish Federation of Trade Unions. He was again arrested in April 1928 for maintaining contacts with the
355:
420:
415:
400:
320:
370:
46:
130:
283:
68:
410:
197:
and was appointed
General Secretary of the Finnish Communist Party, also becoming a member of the Comintern Executive Committee
193:
and then, in April 1933, to the Soviet Union, where he moved into
Kuusinen's apartment. He was given a crash course at the
221:
217:
39:
33:
194:
152:
50:
405:
166:'s faction within the party. In 1921 he traveled to Petrograd, where Kuusinen's adherents, supported by the
216:. Tuominen later claimed that he was being recalled to become the head of the communist government of the
179:
265:
Tuominen died in
Tampere in 1981. He was the last surviving former member of the Comintern Presidium.
240:
It was only after the end of the Winter War that
Tuominen took the step of severing his ties with the
365:
360:
138:
232:
163:
316:
279:
134:
115:
122:
171:
151:, where they split from the mainstream of Finnish Social Democratic Party and founded the
105:
349:
254:
241:
183:
143:
310:
205:
236:
225:
259:
209:
198:
167:
156:
101:
81:
175:
126:
213:
190:
148:
80:
290:
Kenen joukoissa seisot? Suomalainen kommunismi ja sota 1937–1945.
212:
in early 1938. On 23 November 1939 he was ordered to return to
18:
108:
journalist, politician and author. He was given his nickname
376:
People from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
125:) to the family of a rural carpenter. In 1912 he moved to
129:
to become a carpenter's apprentice and soon joined the
118:
for 'Boy') in 1920 because of his boyish look.
278:
Hanover and London, University Press of New England,
312:
The Bells of the Kremlin: An Experience in Communism
258:in Tampere for five years and became a member of
235:has exposed a somewhat different story. When the
391:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1958–1962)
315:. University Press of New England. p. xii.
208:firsthand until he was able to leave Moscow for
137:in early 1918, Tuominen sided with the Finnish
100:(5 September 1894 – 27 May 1981) was a Finnish
381:Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
121:Tuominen was born in 1894 in Kuotila (part of
16:Finnish communist revolutionary and politician
109:
8:
396:People of the Finnish Civil War (Red side)
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
309:Arvo Tuominen; Piltti Heiskanen (1983).
32:This article includes a list of general
301:
386:Communist Party of Finland politicians
7:
170:leadership, successfully challenged
231:Research by the Finnish historian
228:and to fight for Finland instead.
131:Social Democratic Party of Finland
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
356:20th-century Finnish journalists
186:and the banned Communist Party.
23:
421:Finnish prisoners and detainees
162:Tuominen became a supporter of
416:Political prisoners in Finland
401:Finnish people of World War II
1:
262:for one term (1958–1962).
218:Finnish Democratic Republic
178:. He was released from the
437:
195:International Lenin School
159:in August–September 1918.
153:Communist Party of Finland
104:revolutionary and later a
276:The Bells of the Kremlin.
411:Finnish anti-communists
288:Rentola, Kimmo (1994):
274:Tuominen, Arvo (1983):
204:Tuominen witnessed the
53:more precise citations.
371:People from Hämeenkyrö
180:Tammisaari prison camp
110:
86:
84:
85:Arvo Tuominen, 1950s
164:Otto Wille Kuusinen
342:Finnish parliament
222:planned to install
87:
322:978-0-87451-249-6
135:Finnish Civil War
106:social democratic
79:
78:
71:
428:
327:
326:
306:
113:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
436:
435:
431:
430:
429:
427:
426:
425:
406:Former Marxists
346:
345:
336:
331:
330:
323:
308:
307:
303:
298:
271:
220:, which Stalin
172:Kullervo Manner
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
434:
432:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
348:
347:
344:
343:
335:
334:External links
332:
329:
328:
321:
300:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
286:
270:
267:
250:Kremlin kellot
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
433:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
351:
341:
340:Arvo Tuominen
338:
337:
333:
324:
318:
314:
313:
305:
302:
295:
291:
287:
285:
284:0-87451-249-2
281:
277:
273:
272:
268:
266:
263:
261:
257:
256:
251:
246:
243:
238:
234:
233:Kimmo Rentola
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
133:. During the
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
83:
73:
70:
62:
59:February 2011
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
311:
304:
289:
275:
264:
255:Kansan Lehti
253:
249:
247:
242:Soviet Union
230:
203:
188:
184:Soviet Union
161:
144:Kansan Lehti
142:
120:
97:
93:
89:
88:
65:
56:
37:
366:1981 deaths
361:1894 births
206:Great Purge
141:and edited
51:introducing
350:Categories
269:References
260:parliament
237:Winter War
226:Winter War
139:Red Guards
123:Hämeenkyrö
34:references
210:Stockholm
199:Presidium
168:Comintern
157:Petrograd
102:communist
98:Tuominen
176:Karelia
127:Tampere
116:Finnish
47:improve
319:
282:
214:Moscow
191:Sweden
149:Russia
36:, but
296:Notes
111:Poika
94:Poika
317:ISBN
280:ISBN
90:Arvo
155:in
352::
201:.
96:"
325:.
114:(
92:"
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
