639:
567:
994:
Workers' International Relief, etc. Comrade
Zinoviev has expressly emphasized the importance of this task in his closing speech. Besides this we require a number of more or less firmly established organisatory fulcrums, which we can utilize for our further work, ensuring that we are not condemned to the Sisyphus-like task of only influencing the masses politically, only to see this mass influence constantly slip through our hands. We must create a whole solar system of organizations and smaller committees around the Communist Party, so to speak, smaller organizations working actually under the influence of our Party (not under mechanical leadership).
535:
Kuusinen's
Finnish People's Army was up to 25000 Ingrians, Karelians, Russians, and some Finnish émigrés. Kuusinen served as chairman and foreign minister of the Terijoki puppet government, while its other ministers were members of the Finnish Communist Party. The Treaty of Mutual Assistance between the government of the Soviet Union and the Terijoki puppet government, signed in Moscow in December 1939, indicates that the puppet government's members were accepted by the leaders of the Soviet Union. The first idea of the Terijoki puppet government might have been expressed to
794:
51:
471:
1969:
993:
The first of our task is to build up, not only communist organizations, but other organizations as well, above all mass organizations sympathizing with our aims, and able to aid us for special purposes. We have already such organizations in some countries, for instance the
International Red Aid, the
534:
expressed the opinion that the war was not
Kuusinen's idea. According to him, Kuusinen would have known that the underground Finnish Communist Party was in shambles due to police terror and could not incite a mass revolt in Finland or mutiny in the ranks of the army. The number of soldiers who joined
518:
through which
Finland would be transformed into a socialist state. A "Declaration of the People's Government of Finland" was issued in Terijoki on December 1, 1939, and a "Treaty of Mutual Assistance and Friendship Between the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Finland" signed by Molotov and
1984:
1979:
1974:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
703:
The first of our task is to build up, not only communist organisations, but other organisations as well, above all mass organisations sympathising with our aims, and able to aid us for special purposes. We have already such organisations in some countries, for instance the
519:
Kuusinen in Moscow on
December 2, 1939. However, the war did not go as planned, and the Soviet leadership decided to negotiate a peace with the legitimate Finnish government; Kuusinen's government disbanded and he was made chairman of the presidium of the
716:
has expressly emphasised the importance of this task in his closing speech. Besides this we require a number of more or less firmly established organisatory fulcrums, which we can utilise for our further work, ensuring that we are not condemned to the
457:
was a hard blow to Finns in the Soviet Union. Many
Finnish communists sympathetic to Trotskyism or social democracy were purged and Kuusinen's reputation in Finland was damaged when he turned out to be one of the very few not targeted by Stalinist
1678:
1415:
1237:
673:. In 1936, he fell in love with an Armenian, Marina Amiragova, who was 30 years younger than him. They stayed together until Kuusinen's death and never married. They had a daughter in 1937 who died at the age of eleven months.
2024:
1671:
1408:
1230:
280:
669:(born 1904), Esa Otto Wille (born 1906), Riikka-Sisko (born 1908), Heikki (born 1911) and Taneli (born 1913). Most of his offspring remained with his first wife Saima Dahlström. In early 1920s Kuusinen married
2069:
2059:
1664:
1401:
1223:
2079:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2019:
414:
from 1908 to 1910, from 1911 to 1913 and again from 1916 to 1918 as well as the party's chairman from 1911 to 1917. He was a leader of the
January 1918 revolution in Finland that created the short-lived
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
1954:
591:
2089:
1005:"Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. (regarding Leon Josephson and Samuel Liptzen) by the United States Congress House Committee on Un-American Activities"
128:
124:
1959:
1687:
1424:
1246:
102:
699:
Under
Kuusinen's name came the Comintern concept of a politically organized "solar system" in an influential piece called "Report of the Commission for Work among the Masses" (1926):
131:
2114:
543:
in the beginning of
November, because the main secretary of the Finnish Communist Party, Arvo Tuominen, received a letter dated November 13 in Stockholm concerning this matter.
105:
2014:
2129:
1964:
2094:
638:
453:
Animosity towards socialists in Finland in the decades after the civil war prompted many Finns to emigrate to Russia to "build socialism." However, the Soviet
446:, establishing an intelligence network against the Scandinavian countries. In Finland, a more moderate faction rehabilitated the Social Democrats under
2124:
443:
582:, the highest organ of the Communist party. Despite his close work with Stalin, Kuusinen was able to continue to work during the administration of
334:
330:
71:
721:-like task of only influencing the masses politically, only to see this mass influence constantly slip through our hands. We must create a whole
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After learning that he was terminally ill, Kuusinen requested (via the Helsinki Embassy of the Soviet Union) permission to visit
599:
450:'s leadership. Meanwhile, Kuusinen and other radicals were increasingly seen as responsible for the Civil War and its aftermath.
1772:
1812:
1742:
1702:
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1316:
1600:
725:, so to speak, smaller organisations working actually under the influence of our Party (not under mechanical leadership).
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Suomi 75, Itsenäisen Suomen Historia, Ohto Manninen, part 3, page 30, 1991, Weilin & Göös, ISBN 951-35-5160-1
555:
1908:
1787:
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605:
428:
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212:
1204:
First published in the United States under the title A Frozen Hell: The Russo–Finnish Winter War of 1939–40
1192:(5th ed.). New York (Great Britain: London): Workman Publishing Company (Great Britain: Aurum Press).
1362:
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1957–1964. In 1952 and again in 1957 he was also elected to the Presidium of the Central Committee.
350:
174:
705:
1090:
1944:
1939:
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1539:
318:
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419:, of which he was appointed People's Commissar of Education. After the republic was defeated in the
381:. Kuusinen was an active member of the students' union, and during this period he was interested in
345:
Kuusinen was born on 4 October 1881, to the family of village tailor Wilhelm Juhonpoika Kuusinen in
1970:
Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1757:
1585:
1529:
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366:
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1326:
1185:
524:
491:
483:
33:
1985:
Members of the Central Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1980:
Members of the Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1975:
Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
447:
406:
In 1906, after toppling the more moderate party chairman J. K. Kari, Kuusinen came to dominate
1918:
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Kuusinen became an influential official in the Soviet administration. He was a member of the
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1291:
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286:
273:
2010:
Members of the Secretariat of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2005:
Members of the Secretariat of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1903:
1858:
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944:
Soikkanen, Timo (1999). "Talvisodan henki". In Leskinen, Jari; Juutilainen, Antti (eds.).
807:
684:
663:
643:
325:, fled to the Soviet Union, where he worked until his death. He briefly led the so-called
245:
94:
627:
358:
2000:
Members of the Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1995:
Members of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1990:
Members of the Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1004:
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The quote "solar system of organizations" was wrongly ascribed to Lenin by U.S.
647:
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723:
solar system of organisations and smaller committees around the Communist Party
789:
503:
459:
374:
370:
357:. Otto's mother died when he was two years old, and the family then moved to
676:
Kuusinen died age 82 on 17 May 1964 in Moscow. His ashes were buried in the
579:
470:
435:
411:
310:
546:
The Finnish Communist Party had little influence during the 1930s and most
831:
The USSR and Finland – Historical, Economic, Political Facts and Documents
554:. Finnish national unity against the Soviet invasion was later called the
718:
688:
609:
551:
499:
72:
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR
17:
32:"Kuusinen" redirects here. For more information about the surname, see
317:
politician, literary historian, and poet who, after the defeat of the
623:
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as a private person. The government of Finland denied this request.
539:
by the Finnish Communist Party or Soviet Communist Party secretary
637:
565:
469:
730:
1660:
1397:
1219:
2025:
Heads of state of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
865:
The Winter War: Finland Against Russia, 1939-1940, Volume 312
604:
a textbook considered to be one of the fundamental works on
592:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1146:(in Finnish) (1st ed.). Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö.
778:"Report of the Commission for Work among the Masses" (1926)
658:
Kuusinen married several times, and had numerous children:
506:
on November 30, 1939, Kuusinen was pronounced head of the
2070:
Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
2060:
Second convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
1688:
19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1425:
20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1247:
22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
434:
Kuusinen continued his work as a prominent leader of the
2080:
Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
2075:
Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
2065:
Third convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
2055:
First convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
880:
A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939-1940
775:"A Misleading Description of the 'German October" (1925)
2020:
Government ministers of the Finnish Democratic Republic
687:, a leading communist politician in Finland during the
27:
Finnish-Soviet revolutionary and politician (1881–1964)
597:
In the 1950s, Kuusinen was also one of the editors of
361:. In May 1900, Kuusinen graduated from the Jyväskylä
300:
967:"Report of the Commission for Work among the Masses"
867:. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 114.
570:
Kuusinen served both under the Stalin era and under
1955:
People from Vaasa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
1836:
1695:
1563:
1432:
1335:
1254:
1007:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1947. p. 34
240:
219:
208:
184:
157:
152:
122:
100:
88:
70:
41:
2090:Executive Committee of the Communist International
1960:Leaders of the Social Democratic Party of Finland
1142:Leskinen, Jari; Juutilainen, Antti, eds. (1999).
1091:"A Misleading Description of the 'German October"
2050:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1917–1919)
2045:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1916–1917)
2040:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1911–1913)
2035:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1909–1910)
2030:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1908–1909)
1190:The Winter war: The Russo–Finnish War of 1939–40
754:Finland unmasked: 25 years of anti-Soviet policy
991:Searchable version in American-spelled English:
474:The Soviet leadership signed a treaty with the
331:Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
957:
955:
615:In 1958, Kuusinen was elected a member of the
1672:
1409:
1231:
8:
2115:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
910:The Nordic Way: A Path to Baltic Equilibrium
305:; 4 October 1881 – 17 May 1964) was a
846:Spetsnaz. The Story Behind the Soviet SAS,
824:
822:
550:Finns stood behind the legal government in
438:in Bolshevist Russia, that soon became the
1679:
1665:
1657:
1416:
1402:
1394:
1238:
1224:
1216:
49:
38:
510:(also known as the Terijoki Government)—
402:Civil War and flight to the Soviet Union
818:
772:"Under the Leadership of Russia" (1924)
118:16 October 1952 – 5 March 1953
2130:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1965:Communist Party of Finland politicians
1032:. Health Research Books. p. 106.
369:the same year. His main subjects were
2095:Finnish emigrants to the Soviet Union
272:
7:
972:. International Press Correspondence
781:"A Warmongers' International" (1951)
600:The Fundamentals of Marxism-Leninism
84:11 July 1940 – 16 July 1956
2015:Finnish People's Delegation members
478:. Standing, from left to right are
442:. Kuusinen also became a leader in
417:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
389:. In 1902, Kuusinen graduated as a
234:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
144:29 June 1957 – 17 May 1964
224:Social Democratic Party of Finland
25:
895:Soviet Strategic Thought, 1917-91
882:. Algonquin Books. p. 58,61.
683:He was succeeded by his daughter
408:Finland's Social Democratic Party
2125:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1065:"Under the Leadership of Russia"
931:
844:Chapter 3. A History of Spetsnaz
833:. New York: Soviet Russia Today.
792:
761:Fundamentals of Marxism-Leninism
652:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
462:, deportations, and executions.
829:Brody, A.; et al. (1939).
466:Head of the Terijoki Government
768:Articles by Kuusinen include:
291:О́тто Вильге́льмович Ку́усинен
274:[ˈotːoˈʋilːeˈkuːsinen]
1:
2135:Residents of the Benois House
2105:Finnish expatriates in Russia
1117:"A Warmongers' International"
1067:. The Communist International
710:Workers' International Relief
502:began its advance during the
56:
912:. Howells House. p. 78.
444:Soviet military intelligence
1144:Talvisodan pikkujättiläinen
946:Talvisodan pikkujättiläinen
749:Books by Kuusinen include:
590:". He was Secretary of the
508:Finnish Democratic Republic
476:Finnish Democratic Republic
327:Finnish Democratic Republic
301:
2151:
2120:Heroes of Socialist Labour
1093:. The Errors of Trotskyism
737:and U.S. Attorney General
617:Soviet Academy of Sciences
490:, and Kuusinen. Seated is
423:in 1918, Kuusinen fled to
302:Otto Vilgelmovich Kuusinen
229:Communist Party of Finland
31:
908:Killham, EdwardL (1993).
893:Kokoshin, Andrei (1998).
878:Trotter, William (2013).
290:
251:
148:
137:
111:
77:
66:
48:
2085:Finnish Comintern people
897:. MIT Press. p. 93.
650:for 3rd congress of the
556:Spirit of the Winter War
341:Early life and education
2110:Finnish Marxist writers
1909:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
1788:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
678:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
634:Personal life and death
606:dialectical materialism
586:(1953–1964) and "
429:Finnish Communist Party
391:candidate of philosophy
213:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1363:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
1167:Stalin and His Hangmen
863:Tanner, Väinö (1956).
727:
655:
575:
495:
351:Grand Duchy of Finland
175:Grand Duchy of Finland
1026:Jones, Elton (1996).
706:International Red Aid
701:
641:
569:
473:
410:. He was a member of
383:Fennoman conservatism
1581:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
1540:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
1210:Portrait of Kuusinen
427:and helped form the
412:Finland's Parliament
1758:Vyacheslav Malyshev
1586:Yekaterina Furtseva
1530:Yekaterina Furtseva
1186:Trotter, William R.
735:Robert E. Stripling
733:chief investigator
662:Elina (born 1901),
527:(1940–1956).
367:Helsinki University
43:Otto Wille Kuusinen
1950:People from Laukaa
1899:Mir Jafar Baghirov
1874:Nikolai Patolichev
1778:Vyacheslav Molotov
1738:Demyan Korotchenko
1723:Kliment Voroshilov
1611:Demyan Korotchenko
1470:Vyacheslav Molotov
1445:Kliment Voroshilov
1327:Alexander Shelepin
1115:(27 August 1951).
656:
576:
530:Finnish Communist
525:Karelo-Finnish SSR
496:
492:Vyacheslav Molotov
484:Kliment Voroshilov
335:Karelo-Finnish SSR
329:before serving as
34:Kuusinen (surname)
1927:
1926:
1919:Alexei Kirichenko
1884:Alexander Puzanov
1837:Candidate members
1828:Alexei Kirichenko
1823:Matvei Shkiryatov
1808:Nikita Khrushchev
1783:Mikhail Pervukhin
1773:Nikolai Mikhailov
1654:
1653:
1631:Mikhail Pervukhin
1626:Vasil Mzhavanadze
1601:Jānis Kalnbērziņš
1564:Candidate members
1490:Nikita Khrushchev
1475:Mikhail Pervukhin
1455:Alexei Kirichenko
1391:
1390:
1353:Vasil Mzhavanadze
1336:Candidate members
1307:Nikita Khrushchev
1177:978-0-14-100375-7
1170:. Penguin books.
965:(15 April 1926).
852:978-0-241-11961-7
584:Nikita Khrushchev
572:Nikita Khrushchev
421:Finnish Civil War
323:Finnish Civil War
299:
255:
254:
16:(Redirected from
2142:
2100:Finnish atheists
1914:Nikolai Shvernik
1849:Andrey Vyshinsky
1818:Nikolai Shvernik
1813:Dmitry Chesnokov
1743:Vasili Kuznetsov
1733:Lazar Kaganovich
1718:Nikolai Bulganin
1703:Vasily Andrianov
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1646:Dmitry Polyansky
1641:Nikolai Podgorny
1606:Andrei Kirilenko
1591:Nikolai Shvernik
1555:Dmitry Polyansky
1550:Nikolai Podgorny
1535:Nikolai Shvernik
1450:Lazar Kaganovich
1440:Nikolai Bulganin
1418:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1317:Andrei Kirilenko
1312:Nikolai Shvernik
1297:Dmitry Polyansky
1292:Nikolai Podgorny
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1162:Rayfield, Donald
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800:Communism portal
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712:, etc. Comrade
588:de-Stalinization
562:Politburo member
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153:Personal details
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1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1904:Leonid Melnikov
1859:Nikolai Ignatov
1844:Leonid Brezhnev
1832:
1768:Anastas Mikoyan
1763:Leonid Melnikov
1753:Georgy Malenkov
1728:Semyon Ignatyev
1713:Lavrentiy Beria
1691:
1685:
1655:
1650:
1596:Dmitri Shepilov
1571:Leonid Brezhnev
1559:
1515:Nikolai Ignatov
1505:Leonid Brezhnev
1500:Nikolai Belyaev
1465:Anastas Mikoyan
1460:Georgy Malenkov
1428:
1422:
1392:
1387:
1358:Sharof Rashidov
1331:
1287:Anastas Mikoyan
1267:Gennady Voronov
1262:Leonid Brezhnev
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1135:Further reading
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685:Hertta Kuusinen
644:Hertta Kuusinen
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246:Hertta Kuusinen
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95:Pavel Prokkonen
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1869:Alexei Kosygin
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963:Kuusinen, Otto
951:
948:. p. 235.
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521:Supreme Soviet
480:Andrei Zhdanov
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168:4 October 1881
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548:working class
544:
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537:Joseph Stalin
533:
532:Arvo Tuominen
528:
526:
522:
517:
516:puppet regime
513:
512:Joseph Stalin
509:
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309:-born Soviet
308:
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244:8, including
243:
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1864:Ivan Kabanov
1747:
1696:Full members
1524:
1433:Full members
1281:
1255:Full members
1203:
1189:
1165:
1143:
1121:. Retrieved
1112:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1086:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1060:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1029:Which Bible?
1028:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
999:
990:
986:
974:. Retrieved
962:
945:
939:
927:
918:
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621:
614:
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545:
529:
497:
452:
448:Väinö Tanner
440:Soviet Union
433:
405:
365:and entered
344:
313:and, later,
265:
261:
258:Otto Wilhelm
257:
256:
231:(1918–1964)
226:(1906–1918)
203:Soviet Union
199:Russian SFSR
190:(1964-05-17)
139:
113:
90:Succeeded by
79:
60: 1940s
29:
1945:1964 deaths
1940:1881 births
1894:Pavel Yudin
1690:(1952–1956)
1520:Frol Kozlov
1427:(1956–1959)
1272:Frol Kozlov
1249:(1961–1966)
671:Aino Sarola
648:East Berlin
612:communism.
460:show trials
455:Great Purge
379:art history
236:(1918–1964)
188:17 May 1964
132:Secretariat
1934:Categories
1123:14 January
1097:14 January
1071:14 January
1011:10 January
976:14 January
814:References
504:Winter War
375:aesthetics
371:philosophy
164:1881-10-04
55:Portrait,
1188:(2002) .
1164:(2005) .
642:Daughter
628:Jyväskylä
580:Politburo
498:When the
436:Comintern
359:Jyväskylä
311:communist
296:romanized
140:In office
125:20th–21st
114:In office
106:Presidium
80:In office
1119:. Pravda
1089:(1925).
1063:(1924).
934:. p. 61.
786:See also
719:Sisyphus
714:Zinoviev
689:Cold War
610:Leninist
552:Helsinki
500:Red Army
387:Alkioism
270:Finnish:
266:Kuusinen
241:Children
215:, Moscow
18:Kuusinen
1045:3 March
523:of the
333:of the
321:in the
307:Finnish
298::
287:Russian
1196:
1174:
1150:
1036:
850:
764:(1960)
756:(1944)
708:, the
695:Legacy
665:Hertta
654:(1950)
624:Laukaa
488:Stalin
425:Moscow
397:Career
377:, and
363:Lyceum
347:Laukaa
315:Soviet
195:Moscow
171:Laukaa
970:(PDF)
745:Works
667:Elina
262:Wille
1194:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1125:2018
1099:2018
1073:2018
1047:2015
1034:ISBN
1013:2018
978:2018
848:ISBN
731:HUAC
660:Aino
626:and
608:and
385:and
319:Reds
185:Died
158:Born
129:22nd
103:19th
646:in
514:'s
1936::
1202:.
954:^
821:^
741:.
691:.
680:.
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558:.
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482:,
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1127:.
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1075:.
1049:.
1015:.
980:.
602:,
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494:.
268:(
260:"
166:)
162:(
36:.
20:)
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