649:
510:’s intervention, however, Ascanio was received with full cardinalitial rights. Ascanio was given an important assignment by his brother Ludovico, who at the time was Duke of Bari and Regent of Milan. Ascanio and Cardinal Giovanni d'Aragona were to present a formal letter to the Cardinals in Congregation, advising them that Milan opposed the election of Cardinals Barbo, Costa, Cibò, and Savelli. Cibò and Savelli were followers of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere and his pro-French policy. Unfortunately the letter from Duke Ludovico, sent on 26 August, did not reach their hands in time, otherwise it would have been the earliest known attempt at an
479:
615:. Borgia promised Sforza the office of Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, as well as the Palazzo Borgia. In addition he would receive the castle at Nepi, the Bishopric of Eger (which had an annual income of 10,000 ducats), two canonries, and the office of Prior of a convent in the diocese of Calahorra which was held by Borgia. Borgia was elected to the papal throne partly due to Ascanio's persuasive manner, becoming
1417:
244:
1429:
1405:
679:, Ascanio betrayed the Pope together with several cardinals and clamoured for his deposition under della Rovere. After the papal triumph over the King, Milan abandoned the French and Ascanio was received once again in the Vatican. He never managed, however, to regain his former influence over the Pope. When
960:
Della Rovere and
Cardinal Jean de Balue were the leaders of the French party at the Court of Innocent VIII. Balue arrived in Rome on 8 February 1485, and presented his credentials as Ambassador on 11 February. Tensions between them and Cardinal Ascanio were so strong that, at a Consistory on 5 March
718:
On 23 May 1505, Cardinal
Ascanio attended a Secret Consistory in good health, and went hunting after lunch. On his return he felt ill. He took medicine against the plague, but on Wednesday, 28 May, took to his bed with a cold sweat. The fifty-year-old Ascanio died in Rome, in the house in his garden
594:
Ferdinand hoped to arrange a marriage between another of King
Ferrante's grandsons, Don Luigi d'Aragona, with a member of Pope Innocent's family, Battistina Cibò. The alliance was hoped to put some distance between Innocent and the French. At the same time, Ferdinand of Capua was seeking to obtain
501:
on 23 August of the same year. Pope Sixtus had died on 12 August, and the
Conclave to elect his successor was about to begin. Cardinal Ascanio's formal ceremony of investiture had not taken place, and some cardinals voiced objections to his participation in the forthcoming
44:
731:, with a revealing inscription in which Pope Julius declared himself "mindful of most honourable virtues" and "forgetful of contentions" ("virtutum memor honestissimarum, contentionum oblitus"). The artist was Andrea Sansovino.
686:
When the French again invaded Italy with the support of the Holy See, Ascanio watched his brother
Ludovico Sforza's downfall and imprisonment (1500), unable to act. On 15 June 1500, he was taken to France and imprisoned in
1027:
Series critico-chronologica episcoporum
Cremonensium, sub auspiciis praestantissimi antistitis Homoboni Offredi ex authenticis monumentis aucta et emendata suaeque integritati maxima ex parte restituta, auctore Henrico
627:
on 31 August 1492, retaining that position until June 1496. In order to strengthen the relationship between his family and the papal house, Ascanio arranged the marriage of
Giovanni Sforza, his cousin and governor of
599:, the French claimant. On 4 June 1492, Pope Innocent issued a bull, determining that King Ferrante would be succeeded by his son Alfonso, and Alfonso by Ferdinand. The French were checked. The Milanese were happy.
648:
727:). He was buried that same evening, with no cardinal and neither Master of Ceremonies being present due to the plague. Julius II commissioned the erection of the Cardinal's tomb in the Cappella Maggiore of
759:, but also clear-sighted and intelligent, with haughty spirit and unflinching courage. His political morals were typical of his era and he remained dedicated to his love for Milan and for his family.
623:. Sforza resigned his deaconry of S. Vito e Modesto on 26 August 1492 and opted for it again on 31 January 1495 and occupied it until his death. He was named administrator of the Metropolitan See of
660:, a suffragan of the diocese of Narbonne in France, in January 1494; on 20 January 1495 Caesare Borgia was appointed Bishop of Elne, and Sforza relinquished the administratorship in May 1495.
1189:
1489:
1484:
1494:
683:, the Pope's son, was stabbed in 1497, Ascanio did not attend the following consistory and was accused of the murder. He was immediately absolved, however, by the Pope.
592:
If I were to give an account, no one would believe me. It is enough that if the King of France or some similar person should visit, nothing more could be provided.
1110:
1018:
Sanclemente cites a congratulatory letter of 22 September 1486, sent by the
Chapter of the Cathedral, specifically stating that Sforza had been named
420:, who wanted to gain Galeazzo Maria Sforza's support for his candidacy for the papal throne in 1471. However, it was in fact Francesco della Rovere (
1072:
In the
Conclave of 1484 Borgia had promised the Vice-Chancellorship to Cardinal Giovanni d'Aragona, the son of Ferrante I of Naples. Pastor, p. 236.
612:
1479:
1469:
1009:
Eubel, II, p. 205 note 6 (stating that the See had become vacant in 1503 due to the resignation of Bishop
Pallavicini; III, p. 260 with note 2.
1298:
1271:
1252:
896:
1185:
611:, after having accepted that he would not be able to obtain the papal tiara for himself, Ascanio promised his vote to Rodrigo Borgia, then-
739:
Ascanio's lifelong focus on public affairs distracted his attention from being a patron of the arts. However, he was the one to introduce
386:
624:
1121:
327:
494:
54:
1211:
427:
In September 1473, Ascanio's niece Caterina, the daughter of Duke Galeazzo Maria, was married to the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV,
261:
696:
536:, the French ambassador to the Papal Court, in March 1486 complicated matters. Balue had suggested that Innocent VIII summon
308:
265:
862:
586:
in May 1492. The banquet organised in honour of the Neapolitan prince was so extravagant and magnificent that, according to
695:. He was freed on 3 January 1502 based on his promise to not leave France without royal permission. He participated in the
385:, a courtier of Duke Francesco Sforza, who introduced him to government and literature. Other cardinals of the family were
280:
1395:
675:’s machinations against him, Alexander decided to resist the French. Ludovico Sforza having secretly allied himself with
1459:
1230:(in Italian and Latin). Vol. Tomo I. Roma: Tipografia delle scienze mathematiche e fisiche. pp. 332, no. 1258.
1155:
792:
779:
708:
596:
390:
804:
478:
394:
287:
417:
836:
525:
from 25 October 1484 to 18 April 1485, occupying the post again in May 1505, a few days before his death on 27 May.
1103:
720:
595:
the investiture of Naples from the Pope, thereby solidifying his family's hold on the Kingdom, to the prejudice of
215:
755:. Strenuous and hard-skinned as a politician, Ascanio preferred gambling rather than studying. He was undoubtedly
254:
1474:
657:
652:
Tomb of Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, full size copy of the grave in Rome, cast in plaster, Victoria and Albert Museum
294:
1499:
1464:
1373:. Nuovi studi storici, 60. (in Italian). Vol. 2 vols. Roma: Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo.
936:
Hierarchia catholica medii aevi, sive Summorum pontificum, S.R.E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series
619:. He appointed Ascanio his Vice-Chancellor as he had promised, making him the virtual prime minister of the
608:
560:
961:
1486, that an altercation broke out which the Pope had to settle by silencing them both. Pastor, V, p. 260.
276:
797:
728:
680:
676:
413:
35:
467:
787:
752:
672:
529:
370:
366:
883:
Stefano Zaggia, "Architecture of Power: Imola during the Signoria of Girolamo Riario (1473–1488)," in:
440:
1454:
1449:
700:
692:
503:
378:
222:. Generally known as a skilled diplomat who played a major role in the election of Rodrigo Borgia as
1000:
Eubel, II, p. 205. Cardinal Ascanio negotiated a handsome annual pension from Novara of 800 florins.
723:, on 28 May 1505. It was not disappointment, however, that killed Cardinal Ascanio, but the plague (
551:
on 28 July 1486 and occupied the post until his death. He also became Administrator of the See of
1421:
1175:
III, p. 390-391. The circumstances are reported both by Joannes Burchard and by Paris de Grassis.
809:
548:
515:
405:
227:
1133:
707:(Francesco Piccolomini) died the same month of his coronation, Cardinal Sforza took part in the
537:
544:
throne – leading to a violent quarrel with Ascanio; to which only the pope could bring a halt.
1294:
1288:
1267:
1261:
1248:
1242:
1138:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus sextus (6). Paris: Ex Typographia Regia. 1739. pp. 1064–1065.
1117:
1025:
892:
886:
587:
552:
541:
522:
409:
382:
223:
699:. He made futile efforts to succeed Alexander VI, fighting against Cardinal della Rovere and
1409:
1357:
740:
436:
358:
301:
1159:
1114:
814:
633:
490:
463:
459:
428:
398:
374:
346:
219:
939:
446:
Hoping to pacify Milan, Sixtus IV attempted to create Ascanio a cardinal in 1477 but the
774:
507:
486:
447:
80:
1443:
1326:
Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni ...
568:
432:
362:
1370:
Ascanio Maria Sforza: la parabola politica di un cardinale-principe del Rinascimento
1349:
1338:
988:
1433:
616:
43:
1368:
1324:
1225:
972:
911:
888:
A Renaissance Architecture of Power: Princely Palaces in the Italian Quattrocento
854:
462:
in September 1479, retaining the diocese until his death. In 1484 he represented
1384:
756:
744:
243:
1416:
424:) who won the papal election, and Ascanio's promotion to cardinal was delayed.
583:
533:
1150:
712:
637:
421:
704:
620:
556:
354:
663:
The friendship between Ascanio and Alexander VI came to an end when the
582:, he received Ferdinand of Capua, Ferrante's grandson, in his palace in
350:
268: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
113:
532:, known as Ferrante, with the Sforza dynasty. A dispute with Cardinal
664:
629:
575:
1329:(in Italian). Vol. LXV. Venezia: Tip. Emiliana. pp. 90–93.
458:
Nevertheless, Ascanio entered the episcopate when he was appointed
668:
647:
579:
477:
1022:. At the time he was also Administrator of Novara and of Pavia.
688:
498:
131:
514:(veto) in a papal election. Giovanni Battista Cybo was elected
1031:(in Latin). Cremona: apud Josephum Feraboli. pp. 150–152.
636:, the Pope's illegitimate daughter, in 1493. The marriage was
237:
977:(in French and Latin). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Leroux.
783:, Cardinal Sforza is played by British actor Clive Merrison.
1346:
The History of the Popes, from the close of the Middle Ages
1335:
The History of the Popes, from the close of the Middle Ages
1045:(ed. O. Tommasini) nuova edizione (Roma 1890), pp. 273–274.
985:
The History of the Popes, from the close of the Middle Ages
1359:
Le cardinal Ascanio Sforza prisonnier des Vénitiens (1500)
1135:
Gallia Christiana, In Provincias Ecclesiasticas Distributa
656:
Cardinal Sforza was named Administrator of the diocese of
1309:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1989), pp. 535-564.
1307:
Music in the Culture of the Renaissance, and other essays
528:
As a cardinal, Ascanio's main priority was to reconcile
912:
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sixtus IV".
747:, to the papal court in 1486. He also commissioned the
412:. While still an adolescent, Ascanio was promised the
1393:
1149:
J. P. Adams, California State University Northridge,
555:
in 1487 until May 1491. In 1490 Sforza commissioned
1362:(in French). Paris: Imprimerie Daupeley-Gouverneur.
199:
191:
174:
162:
154:
146:
138:
121:
99:
94:
86:
73:
68:
60:
50:
23:
1263:The Art of Dreams: Reflections and Representations
974:Diarum sine rerum urbanarum commentarii: 1483–1506
885:S. Beltramo; F. Cantatore; M. Folin, eds. (2016).
547:Ascanio was appointed Administrator of the See of
435:). Girolamo was one of the leading members of the
369:. He was also the brother of two Milanese dukes,
1266:. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 111–112.
416:of a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by
1260:Barbara Hahn; Meike Werner (22 August 2016).
813:, Cardinal Sforza is played by English actor
796:, Cardinal Sforza is played by British actor
8:
214:(3 March 1455 – 28 May 1505) was an Italian
1490:16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
1485:15th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
971:Joannes Burchard (1883). L. Thuasne (ed.).
1227:Iscrizioni delle Chiese e d'Altri Edificii
942:(Monasterii 1913), p. 47 nos. 492 and 499.
20:
1495:16th-century deaths from plague (disease)
640:in 1497, on grounds of non-consummation.
328:Learn how and when to remove this message
1293:. Oxford University Press. p. 171.
983:no. 19, pp. 512–513. Ludwig von Pastor,
613:Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
228:Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
1400:
827:
482:Coat of Arms of Cardinal Ascanio Sforza
377:(1494–1499), and the uncle of a third,
16:Italian cardinal of the Catholic church
1389:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1247:. Yale University Press. p. 225.
925:Eubel, II, p. 212; III, p. 269 note 2.
450:refused to accept him into its ranks.
381:(1476–1494). Ascanio was a student of
991:(Saint Louis: B. Herder 1902, p. 206.
891:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. p. 216.
865:from the original on 12 December 2019
703:, the formal nominee of France. When
671:in September 1494. Aware of Cardinal
7:
841:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
266:adding citations to reliable sources
387:Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora
1081:Pastor, V, pp. 382–383, with note.
951:Conradus Eubel, II, p. 47 no. 502.
763:Representations in popular culture
743:, the most famous musician of the
715:) was elected nearly unanimously.
497:on 17 March 1484. Ascanio entered
14:
1192:from the original on 19 July 2019
1427:
1415:
1403:
1356:Pélissier, Léon-Gabriel (1897).
1212:photo of tomb of Cardinal Sforza
1210:Australian National University,
540:to retrieve his rights over the
242:
42:
521:Sforza became administrator of
253:needs additional citations for
1480:15th-century Italian cardinals
1470:16th-century Italian cardinals
1162:, retrieved: 6 September 2017.
697:Papal conclave, September 1503
212:Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti
1:
1323:Moroni, Gaetano, ed. (1854).
711:, but Giuliano della Rovere (
349:, Ascanio Sforza was born in
1352:Saint Louis: B. Herder 1902.
1341:Saint Louis: B. Herder 1902.
1024:Sanclemente, Enrico (1814).
709:Papal conclave, October 1503
843:(in Italian). Vol. 92.
677:King Charles VIII of France
567:("large cloister") and the
64:Administrator of 9 dioceses
1516:
1367:Pellegrini, Marco (2002).
1224:Vincenzo Forcella (1869).
1186:"Tomb of Cardinal Ascanio"
1043:Diario della città di Roma
835:Pellegrini, Marco (2018).
1158:23 September 2015 at the
721:S. Girolamo dei Schiavoni
597:René II, Duke of Lorraine
538:René II, Duke of Lorraine
431:(the brother of Cardinal
142:S. Maria del Popolo, Rome
41:
34:
859:Encyclopaedia Britannica
418:Guillaume d'Estouteville
1244:Viewing Renaissance Art
1020:Administrator perpetuus
940:editio altera, Tomus II
914:Encyclopedia Britannica
837:"SFORZA, Ascanio Maria"
609:Conclave of August 1492
561:Giovanni Antonio Amadeo
441:Lorenzo the Magnificent
1287:Richard Sherr (2000).
1113:20 August 2023 at the
810:Borgia: Faith and Fear
729:Santa Maria del Popolo
653:
574:In his effort to ally
483:
230:from 1492 until 1505.
1290:The Josquin Companion
1152:Sede Vacante 1503, II
1104:Williams, George L.,
753:Florentius de Faxolis
673:Giuliano della Rovere
651:
530:Ferdinand I of Naples
481:
404:Aged 10 he was named
371:Galeazzo Maria Sforza
367:Bianca Maria Visconti
170:Bianca Maria Visconti
1344:Pastor, Ludwig von.
1333:Pastor, Ludwig von.
1092:Hierarchia catholica
822:References and notes
489:finally created him
439:against the life of
379:Gian Galeazzo Sforza
262:improve this article
205:by Francesco Filelfo
29:Ascanio Maria Sforza
1460:Clergy from Cremona
1041:Stefano Infessura,
518:on 29 August 1484.
468:Congress of Cremona
357:. His parents were
226:, Sforza served as
1348:, second edition,
1241:Kim Woods (2007).
1188:. 3 October 2019.
1140:Eubel, II, p. 150.
654:
516:Pope Innocent VIII
506:. Due to Cardinal
495:Ss. Vito e Modesto
484:
406:commendatory abbot
55:Ss. Vito e Modesto
1337:, third edition,
1305:Edward Lowinsky,
1300:978-0-19-816335-0
1273:978-3-11-043385-2
1254:978-0-300-12343-2
1108:, McFarland, 2004
987:, third edition,
898:978-90-04-31550-1
725:pestis inguinaria
701:Georges d'Amboise
588:Stefano Infessura
563:to construct the
391:Alessandro Sforza
383:Francesco Filelfo
338:
337:
330:
312:
224:Pope Alexander VI
209:
208:
166:Francesco Sforza,
1507:
1475:Bishops of Pavia
1432:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1374:
1363:
1330:
1310:
1304:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1258:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
978:
968:
962:
958:
952:
949:
943:
934:Conradus Eubel,
932:
926:
923:
917:
909:
903:
902:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
851:
845:
844:
832:
741:Josquin des Prez
571:at Chiaravalle.
437:Pazzi Conspiracy
395:Francesco Sforza
373:(1466–1476) and
359:Francesco Sforza
345:A member of the
333:
326:
322:
319:
313:
311:
277:"Ascanio Sforza"
270:
246:
238:
128:
109:
107:
95:Personal details
74:Created cardinal
46:
21:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1500:Bishops of Elna
1465:House of Sforza
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1381:
1366:
1355:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1259:
1255:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1160:Wayback Machine
1148:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1115:Wayback Machine
1106:Papal Genealogy
1102:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:Pastor, p. 287.
1062:
1058:
1054:Pastor, p. 285.
1053:
1049:
1040:
1036:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
970:
969:
965:
959:
955:
950:
946:
933:
929:
924:
920:
910:
906:
899:
884:
882:
878:
868:
866:
855:"Sforza Family"
853:
852:
848:
834:
833:
829:
824:
815:Christian McKay
770:
765:
737:
693:Tour de Bourges
691:, later at the
681:Giovanni Borgia
646:
644:French invasion
634:Lucrezia Borgia
605:
603:Vice-Chancellor
565:Chiostro Grande
491:cardinal deacon
476:
464:Ludovico Sforza
460:Bishop of Pavia
456:
429:Girolamo Riario
399:Federico Sforza
375:Ludovico Sforza
347:House of Sforza
343:
334:
323:
317:
314:
271:
269:
259:
247:
236:
220:Catholic Church
204:
187:
169:
167:
130:
126:
117:
111:
105:
103:
90:Cardinal-Deacon
78:
36:Cardinal-Deacon
30:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1379:External links
1377:
1376:
1375:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1331:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1299:
1279:
1272:
1253:
1233:
1216:
1203:
1177:
1164:
1142:
1125:
1096:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1034:
1011:
1002:
993:
963:
953:
944:
927:
918:
904:
897:
876:
846:
826:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
801:
798:Peter Sullivan
784:
769:
766:
764:
761:
736:
733:
645:
642:
604:
601:
508:Rodrigo Borgia
487:Pope Sixtus IV
475:
472:
455:
452:
448:Sacred College
342:
339:
336:
335:
250:
248:
241:
235:
232:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
186:
185:
182:
178:
176:
172:
171:
168:Duke of Milan;
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
134:, Papal States
129:(aged 50)
123:
119:
118:
112:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
81:Pope Sixtus IV
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
32:
31:
28:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1512:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:9780786420711
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
990:
986:
982:
976:
975:
967:
964:
957:
954:
948:
945:
941:
937:
931:
928:
922:
919:
916:
915:
908:
905:
900:
894:
890:
889:
880:
877:
864:
860:
856:
850:
847:
842:
838:
831:
828:
821:
816:
812:
811:
806:
802:
799:
795:
794:
789:
785:
782:
781:
776:
772:
771:
767:
762:
760:
758:
757:Machiavellian
754:
750:
749:Liber musices
746:
742:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
650:
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
602:
600:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
453:
451:
449:
444:
443:of Florence.
442:
438:
434:
433:Pietro Riario
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:Duke of Milan
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
332:
329:
321:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
279: –
278:
274:
273:Find sources:
267:
263:
257:
256:
251:This section
249:
245:
240:
239:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
203:Home schooled
202:
198:
194:
190:
183:
180:
179:
177:
173:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
124:
120:
115:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
82:
77:17 March 1484
76:
72:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
22:
19:
1388:
1369:
1358:
1345:
1334:
1325:
1317:Bibliography
1306:
1289:
1282:
1262:
1243:
1236:
1226:
1219:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1180:
1172:
1167:
1151:
1145:
1134:
1128:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1028:Sanclementio
1026:
1019:
1014:
1005:
996:
984:
980:
973:
966:
956:
947:
935:
930:
921:
913:
907:
887:
879:
867:. Retrieved
858:
849:
840:
830:
808:
791:
786:In the 2011
778:
773:In the 1981
748:
738:
724:
717:
685:
662:
655:
617:Alexander VI
606:
591:
573:
569:chapterhouse
564:
546:
527:
520:
511:
485:
457:
445:
426:
403:
344:
324:
315:
305:
298:
291:
284:
272:
260:Please help
255:verification
252:
211:
210:
127:(1505-05-28)
110:3 March 1455
18:
1455:1505 deaths
1450:1455 births
1422:Catholicism
793:The Borgias
780:The Borgias
745:Renaissance
474:Cardinalate
410:Chiaravalle
397:(1583) and
341:Early years
147:Nationality
125:28 May 1505
1444:Categories
1171:Burchard,
768:Television
584:Trastevere
542:Neapolitan
534:Jean Balue
454:Episcopate
318:March 2021
288:newspapers
192:Profession
184:politician
175:Occupation
116:, Lombardy
106:1455-03-03
1410:Biography
1385:Biography
1350:Volume VI
981:Appendice
713:Julius II
512:exclusiva
422:Sixtus IV
234:Biography
200:Education
155:Residence
1339:Volume V
1190:Archived
1156:Archived
1111:Archived
1094:, p. 83.
989:Volume V
863:Archived
788:Showtime
735:The arts
719:next to
705:Pius III
667:invaded
638:annulled
621:Holy See
557:Bramante
504:conclave
401:(1645).
393:(1565),
389:(1534),
355:Lombardy
216:cardinal
181:Courtier
150:Milanese
25:Cardinal
1396:Portals
1196:19 July
1173:Diarium
1090:Eubel,
869:19 July
807:series
803:In the
790:series
777:series
607:In the
549:Cremona
466:at the
414:red hat
351:Cremona
302:scholar
218:of the
163:Parents
114:Cremona
61:Diocese
1297:
1270:
1251:
1120:
895:
805:Canal+
665:French
630:Pesaro
576:Naples
553:Pesaro
523:Novara
365:, and
304:
297:
290:
283:
275:
195:Cleric
139:Buried
69:Orders
51:Church
1434:Italy
669:Italy
632:, to
580:Milan
578:with
309:JSTOR
295:books
1295:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1198:2019
1118:ISBN
893:ISBN
871:2019
689:Lyon
658:Elne
625:Eger
559:and
499:Rome
281:news
158:Rome
132:Rome
122:Died
100:Born
87:Rank
1387:at
775:BBC
751:of
493:of
408:of
264:by
79:by
1446::
979:,
938:,
861:.
857:.
839:.
590:,
470:.
361:,
353:,
1398::
1303:.
1276:.
1257:.
1214:.
1200:.
901:.
873:.
817:.
800:.
331:)
325:(
320:)
316:(
306:·
299:·
292:·
285:·
258:.
108:)
104:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
