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1034:, set up an Ashes to Go station through which commuters could drive and receive ashes from their car; the parish church also had "drive-through prayers during Lent with people submitting requests into a box left in the church grounds without having to leave their car". Reverend Trey Hall, pastor of Urban Village United Methodist Church, stated that when his local church offered ashes in Chicago "nearly 300 people received ashes – including two people who were waiting in their car for a stoplight to change."
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mortality, and penance. In Esther 4:1, Mordecai puts on sackcloth and ashes when he hears of the decree of King
Ahasuerus of Persia to kill all of the Jewish people in the Persian Empire. In Job 42:6, at the end of his confession, Job repents in sackcloth and ashes. And in the city of Nineveh, after Jonah preaches of conversion and repentance, all the people proclaim a fast and put on sackcloth, and even the king covers himself with sackcloth and sits in ashes, as told in Jonah 3:5–6.
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a church building, the simple rite could appropriately be used almost anywhere. While only a priest or deacon may bless the ashes, laypeople may do the placing of the ashes on a person's head. Even in the solemn rite, laymen or women may assist the priest in distributing the ashes. In addition, laypeople take blessed ashes left over after the collective ceremony and place them on the heads of the sick or of others who are unable to attend the blessing. (In 2014, Anglican
1342:
1289:
953:
4041:, who heads the department of evangelization and catechesis, urged Catholics across Britain to wear "the outward sign of our inward sorrow for our sins and our commitment to Jesus as Our Lord and Savior". He said: "The wearing of the ashes provides us with a wonderful opportunity to share with people how important our faith is to us and to point them to the cross of Christ. I invite you where possible to attend a morning or lunchtime Mass.
1113:
souls might be saved in the day of the Lord; and that others, admonished by their example, might be the more afraid to offend. Instead whereof, until the said discipline may be restored, (which is much to be wished,) it is thought good that at this time (in the presence of you all) should be read the general sentences of God's cursing against impenitent sinners". In line with this, Joseph Hooper Maude wrote that the establishment of
1406:
denounced against impenitent sinners". The
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in the 19th century, observed Ash Wednesday: "as a day of fasting and humiliation, wherein we are publicly to confess our sins, meekly to implore God's mercy and forgiveness, and humbly to intercede for the continuance of his favour". In the 20th century, the Book of Common Prayer provided prayers for the imposition of ashes.
775:
599:, Roman Catholics between the ages of 18 and 59, whose health enables them to fast, are permitted to consume one full meal, along with two smaller meals, which together should not equal the full meal. Some Catholics will go beyond the minimum obligations put forth by the Church and undertake a complete fast or a bread and water fast until sunset. Ash Wednesday and Good Friday are also days of abstinence from meat (
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6779:
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6818:
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1503:. The earliest date Ash Wednesday can occur is 4 February (which is only possible during a common year with Easter Sunday on 22 March), which happened in 1598, 1693, 1761, and 1818 and will next occur in 2285. The latest date Ash Wednesday can occur is 10 March (when Easter Sunday falls on 25 April) which occurred in 1666, 1734, 1886 and 1943 and will next occur in 2038.
38:
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1600:
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reformers were very anxious to restore the primitive practice of public penance in church, which was indeed occasionally practiced, at least until the latter part of the eighteenth century, and they put forward this service as a sort of substitute. The
Miserere and most of what follows were taken from the Sarum services for Ash Wednesday.
3588:: "We read in the books both in the Old Law and in the New that the men who repented of their sins bestrewed themselves with ashes and clothed their bodies with sackcloth. Now let us do this little at the beginning of our Lent that we strew ashes upon our heads to signify that we ought to repent of our sins during the Lenten fast."
5246:"While many think of actions such as the imposition of ashes, signing with the cross, foot-washing, and the use of incense as something that only Roman Catholics or high church Episcopalians do, there has been a move among Protestant churches, including United Methodists to recover these more multisensory ways of worship."
1330:, on the first day of which they were sprinkled with ashes and dressed in sackcloth. When, towards the end of the first millennium, the discipline of public penance was dropped, the beginning of Lent, seen as a general penitential season, was marked by sprinkling ashes on the heads of all. This practice is found in the
1394:, within the same year, "procured an order from the Council to forbid the carrying of candles on Candlemas-day, and the use of ashes on Ash-Wednesday, and of palms on Palm-Sunday, as superstitious ceremonies", an order that was issued only for the ecclesiastical province of Canterbury, of which Cranmer was archbishop.
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The Book of Common Prayer: And
Administration of the Sacraments, and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, According to the Use of the United Church of England and Ireland: Together with the Psalter Or Psalms of David, Pointed as They are to be Sung Or Said in Churches; and the Form and Manner of
4474:
The Book of Common Prayer: And
Administration of the Sacraments, and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, According to the Use of the United Church of England and Ireland: Together with the Psalter Or Psalms of David, Pointed as They are to be Sung Or Said in Churches; and the Form and Manner of
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Special religious services are held on Ash
Wednesday by the Church of England, and in the United States by Episcopal, Lutheran, and some other Protestant churches. The Episcopal Church prescribes no rules concerning fasting on Ash Wednesday, which is carried out according to members' wishes; however,
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The 1969 revision of the Roman Rite inserted into the Mass the solemn ceremony of blessing ashes and placing them on heads, but also explicitly envisaged a similar solemn ceremony outside of Mass. The Book of
Blessings contains a simple rite. While the solemn rite would normally be carried out within
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After the
Reformation most Protestant church denominations, while recognizing Ash Wednesday as a holy day, did not engage in the imposition of ashes. Many Anglican, Episcopal, and some Lutheran churches did continue the rite but it was mostly reserved for use in the Roman Catholic Church. During and
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Commuters can drive in the gate of St
Patrick's Church, in Glenmady, receive ashes from their car and drive out the other side. 'We looked at the situation on the ground. People and families are on the move all the time,' parish priest Father Paddy Mooney told the Irish Catholic. 'It's about meeting
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St. Benedict's rule prescribed a great many fasts, over and above the ecclesiastical fast of Lent; but it made this great distinction between the two: that whilst Lent obliged the monks, as well as the rest of the faithful, to abstain from food till sunset, these monastic fasts allowed the repast to
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in 1582, Ash
Wednesday has never occurred on Leap Year Day (29 February) but it will do so for the first time in 2096. The only other years of the third millennium that will have Ash Wednesday on 29 February are 2468, 2688, 2840, and 2992. (Ash Wednesday falls on 29 February if and only if Easter is
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parishes. In this tradition, ashes "may be distributed outside of the mass or any liturgical service" although "commonly the faithful receive their ashes immediately before the Ash Wednesday mass". In Orthodoxy, historically, "serious public sinners in the East also donned sackcloth, including those
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The new Commination Office had no blessing of ashes and therefore, in England as a whole, "soon after the Reformation, the use of ashes was discontinued as a 'vain show' and Ash Wednesday then became only a day of marked solemnity, with a memorial of its original character in a reading of the curses
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Where ashes are placed on the head by smudging the forehead with a sign of the cross, many Christians choose to keep the mark visible throughout the day. The churches have not imposed this as an obligatory rule, and the ashes may even be wiped off immediately after receiving them; but some Christian
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merely states: "Then the Priest places ashes on the head of those present who come to him, and says to each one ..." Pre-1970 editions had much more elaborate instructions about the order in which the participants were to receive the ashes, but again without any indication of the form of placing the
825:
Various manners of placing the ashes on worshippers' heads are in use within the Latin Church, the two most common being to use the ashes to make a cross on the forehead and sprinkle the ashes over the crown of the head. Originally, the ashes were strewn over men's heads, but, probably because women
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We begin this holy season by acknowledging our need for repentance and our need for the love and forgiveness shown to us in Jesus Christ. I invite you, therefore, in the name of Christ, to observe a Holy Lent, by self-examination and penitence, by prayer and fasting, by practicing works of love, and
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Ash Wednesday marks the first day of Lent, the period of forty days before Easter. It is so called because of the Church's tradition of making the sign of the cross on people's foreheads, as a sign of penitence and of Christian witness. The ash is made by burning palm crosses from the previous year
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The prophet Jeremiah calls for repentance by saying: "O daughter of my people, gird on sackcloth, roll in the ashes" (Jer 6:26). The prophet Daniel recounted pleading to God: "I turned to the Lord God, pleading in earnest prayer, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes" (Daniel 9:3). Just before the New
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The Church Cyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Church Doctrine, History, Organization, and Ritual, and Containing Original Articles on Special Topics, Written Expressly for this Work by Bishops, Presbyters, and Laymen; Designed Especially for the Use of the Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the
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The Commination. This service was composed in 1549. In the ancient services, there was nothing that corresponded at all nearly to the first part of this service, except the sentences of the greater excommunication, which were commonly read in parish churches three or four times a year. Some of the
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people of Moldova even cover the pots with ashes to bring good luck. Ash Wednesday also marks the start of Lent. An interesting related tradition is that since dancing was forbidden, children played dancing games (like ulicskázás and hajujvárazás) and ball games (as mancsozás, csülgözés, kutyasatú
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them. After describing the blessing, the rite of Blessing and Distribution of Ashes (within Mass) states: "Then the Priest places ashes on the heads of all those present who come to him." The Catholic Church does not limit the distribution of blessed ashes to church buildings and has suggested the
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Ministers participating in Ashes to Go include the Rev. Dan Lewis from First Presbyterian Church, the Rev. Joan Kilian from Trinity Episcopal Church, the Rev. Bill Bagwell and the Rev. Jonathan Smith from Pittman Park United Methodist Church, the Rev. Douglas Clark of St. Matthew's Roman Catholic
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In many Lutheran churches, the Sundays during the Lenten season are called by the first word of their respective Latin Introitus (except Palm/Passion Sunday): Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, Laetare, and Judica. Many Lutheran church orders of the 16th century retained the observation of the Lenten
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The text of the "Commination or Denouncing of God's Anger and Judgments against Sinners" begins: "In the primitive Church there was a godly discipline, that, at the beginning of Lent, such persons as stood convicted of notorious sin were put to open penance, and punished in this world, that their
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la Quaresima inizia la domenica successiva al "mercoledì delle ceneri" con l'imposizione delle ceneri al termine della Messa festiva. ... Una delle pecularità di questo rito, con profili non-soltanto strettamente religiosi, è l'inizio della Quaresima, che non-parte dal Mercoledì delle Ceneri, ma
1413:, Lutherans and Anglicans kept the rite of blessing and distributing ashes to the faithful on Ash Wednesday, and that the Protestant denominations that did not keep it, such as the Methodists, encouraged its use "during and after the ecumenical era that resulted in the Vatican II proclamations".
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John W. Fenton writes that "by the end of the 10th century, it was customary in Western Europe (but not yet in Rome) for all the faithful to receive ashes on the first day of the Lenten fast. In 1091, this custom was then ordered by Pope Urban II at the council of Benevento to be extended to the
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traditions, other practices are sometimes added or substituted, as other ways of symbolizing the confession and penitence of the day. For example, in one common variation, small cards are distributed to the congregation on which people are invited to write a sin they wish to confess. These small
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service, while a Church of England publication says they "may be made" from the burnt palm crosses of the previous year. These sources do not speak of adding anything to the ashes other than, for the Catholic liturgy, a sprinkling with holy water when blessing them. An Anglican website speaks of
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He also established the tradition of marking parishioners' foreheads with ashes in the shape of a cross. But why ashes? The symbolism of marking oneself with ashes traces its history to ancient traditions. The liturgical use of ashes can be seen in the Old Testament, where they denote mourning,
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In addition, those who attend such Catholic services, whether in a church or elsewhere, traditionally take blessed ashes home with them to place on the heads of other members of the family, and it is recommended to have envelopes available to facilitate this practice. At home the ashes are then
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for strength to keep it through the whole season of Lent; many often wish others to do so as well, e.g. "May God bless your Lenten sacrifice." In many places, Christians historically abstained from food for a whole day until the evening, and at sunset, Western Christians traditionally broke the
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According to the Western church calendar this is the Lenten season (the 40 days from 'Shrove Tuesday' to Easter) and it is being more widely observed within NAPARC. This is worth noting since, historically, most Reformed churches have not observed Lent and have often confessed against it as an
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and replaced it with what would later be called the Commination Office. In that 1549 edition, the rite was headed: "The First Day of Lent: Commonly Called Ash-Wednesday". The ashes ceremony was not forbidden, but was not included in the church's official liturgy. Its place was taken by reading
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In recent years Christians from the Reformed branch of the Protestant tradition have begun to recover a practice that dates in the Western church at least to the tenth century. That is to begin Lent on the Wednesday before the First Sunday in Lent with a service of repentance and commitment,
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Il rito di Imposizione delle ceneri andrebbe celebrato il Lunedì della prima settimana di Quaresima, ma da sempre viene celebrato al termine delle Messe della prima domenica di Quaresima. ... I venerdì di Quaresima sono di magro, ed il venerdì che segue la I Domenica di Quaresima è anche di
1471:, ashes are blessed and placed on the heads of the faithful not on the day that elsewhere is called Ash Wednesday, but at the end of Mass on the following Sunday, which in that rite inaugurates Lent, with the fast traditionally beginning on Monday, the first weekday of the Ambrosian Lent.
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This is the day Lent begins. Christians go to church to pray and have a cross drawn in ashes on their foreheads. The ashes draw on an ancient tradition and represent repentance before God. The holiday is part of Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, and Episcopalian liturgies, among
4008:
Many Christians choose to leave the ashes on their forehead for the remainder of the day, not to be showy and boastful (see Matthew 6:16–18). Rather, they do it as a witness that all people are sinners in need of repentance AND that through Jesus all sins are forgiven through
841:, a publication described as "noticeably Anglo-Catholic in character". In its ritual of "Blessing of Ashes", this states that "the ashes are blessed at the beginning of the Eucharist. After they have been blessed they are placed on the forehead of the clergy and people."
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By many Lutherans Good Friday is observed as a strict fast. The lessons on Ash Wednesday emphasize the proper idea of the fast. The Sundays in Lent receive their names from the first words of their Introits in the Latin service, Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, Lcetare,
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including the imposition of ashes. The Lutheran and Anglican traditions, of course, never lapsed in this observance, and the liturgical reforms of Vatican II have made Roman Catholic prayers and rubrics more accessible to other traditions through ecumenical dialogues.
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times. Ash Wednesday derives its name from this practice, in which the placement of ashes is accompanied by the words, "Repent, and believe in the Gospel" or the dictum "Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return." The ashes are prepared by burning
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it recommends a measure of fasting and abstinence as a suitable means of marking the day with proper devotion. Among Lutherans as well, there are no set rules for fasting, although some local congregations may advocate this form of penitence in varying degrees.
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holding of celebrations in shopping centers, nursing homes, and factories. Such celebrations presume preparation of an appropriate area and include readings from Scripture (at least one) and prayers, and are somewhat shorter if the ashes are already blessed.
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Some Catholics who couldn't make it to church this morning got their "Ashes on the Go." Father Tony Prandini with Good Shepherd Catholic Parish was conducting Ash Wednesday rituals – marking foreheads – outside of the State
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leaders, such as Lutheran pastor Richard P. Bucher and Catholic bishop Kieran Conry, recommend keeping the ashes on the forehead for the rest of the day as a public profession of the Christian faith. Morgan Guyton, a Methodist pastor, and leader in the
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Catherine Bell outlines the details of fasting and abstinence in a historical context, stating that the Advent fast was usually less severe than that carried out in Lent, which originally involved just one meal a day, not to be eaten until after
762:
662:
There is a strong biblical base for fasting, particularly during the 40 days of Lent leading to the celebration of Easter. Jesus, as part of his spiritual preparation, went into the wilderness and fasted 40 days and 40 nights, according to the
572:- meaning, "the sacred ash of the Holy Fast"). After attending a worship service, often on Wednesday evenings, it is common for Christians of various denominations that celebrate Lent to break that day's Lenten fast together through a communal
1386:
issued by authority of Henry VIII commended "the observance of various rites and ceremonies as good and laudable, such as clerical vestments, a sprinkling of holy water, bearing of candles on Candlemas-day, giving of ashes on Ash-Wednesday".
786:
Ashes are ceremonially placed on the heads of Christians on Ash Wednesday, either by being sprinkled over their heads or, in English-speaking countries, more often by being marked on their foreheads as a visible cross. The words (based on
1143:
psalm was one of the seven penitential psalms that were recited at the beginning of the ceremony. In the 20th century, the Episcopal Church introduced three prayers from the Sarum Rite and omitted the Commination Office from its liturgy.
2189:
2221:
Although some denominations do not practice the application of ashes to the forehead as a mark of public commitment on Ash Wednesday, those that do include Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists, Presbyterians, and some Baptist
1616:
5156:
The imposition of ashes symbolizes the penitential nature of the season of Lent. While this custom is still observed in the Roman Catholic church, and in some Lutheran and Anglican parishes, it has not been retained in Reformed
814::15) was introduced and given first place "Repent, and believe in the Gospel" and the older formula was translated as "Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return." The old formula, based on the words spoken to
1648:
455:, for example, describes Ash Wednesday as a day "focused on prayer, fasting, and repentance." The liturgy for Ash Wednesday thus contains the following "Invitation to Observe a Lenten Discipline" read by the presider:
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after the ecumenical era that resulted in the Vatican II proclamations, many of the Protestant denominations encouraged a liturgical revival in their churches, and the Ash Wednesday imposition of ashes was encouraged.
667:
Rev. Jacqui King, the minister of Nu Faith Community United Methodist Church in Houston explained the philosophy of fasting during Lent as "I'm not skipping a meal because in place of that meal, I'm dining with God".
618:
Several Lutheran parishes teach communicants to fast on Ash Wednesday, with some parishioners choosing to continue doing so throughout the entire season of Lent, especially on Good Friday. One Lutheran congregation's
1023:, based at the University Parish Newman Center, offered ashes to university students who were going through the Student Center of that institution in 2012, and Douglas Clark of St. Matthew's Roman Catholic Church in
503:
4237:
Anyone can accept the ashes although, Mellott says, non-Christians tend not to seek them. Still, she says, "If anyone does, we view it as an act of evangelism, and we make it clear this is a part of the Christian
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The rite of blessing has acquired an untraditionally weak association with that particular psalm only since 1970 when it was inserted into the celebration of Mass, at which a few verses of Psalm 51 are used as a
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4574:
Making, Ordaining, and Consecrating of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons; and the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion: with Notes Explanatory, Practical and Historical, from Approved Writers of the Church of England
4475:
Making, Ordaining, and Consecrating of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons; and the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion: with Notes Explanatory, Practical and Historical, from Approved Writers of the Church of England
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I strongly believe that wearing ashes on our foreheads on Ash Wednesday is the best way to 1) assert our religious freedom as citizens and 2) remember that our call as Christians is to be witnesses first and
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4396:
In 2012, that initiative, "Ashes to Go," caught on nationally, and a year later the idea went international, with churches in the United Kingdom, Canada and South Africa also practicing the easy penitence
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5387:
The Ambrosian Rite still to this day has no Ash Wednesday; it is therefore Quinquagesima that forms the prelude to Lent, properly so-called, which the Roman Rite has in Ash Wednesday and the ferias "post
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While long associated with Catholic and various liturgical Protestant denominations, its observance has spread in recent years to traditions known more for avoiding liturgical seasons than embracing them.
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for Ash Wednesday". From the Sarum Rite practice in England the service took Psalm 51 and some prayers that in the Sarum Missal accompanied the blessing and distribution of ashes. In the Sarum Rite, the
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Ashes are a traditional symbol of penitence and remorse. The practice of imposing ashes on the first day of Lent continues to this day in the church of Rome as well as in many Lutheran and Episcopalian
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On Wednesday St Mary's Catholic church and Sunderland Minster, an Anglican church, will be working together to offer "Ashes to Go" – a new approach to a centuries-old Christian tradition.
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exhorted Christians to follow "their Teacher and Lord to face together with Him 'the struggle against the spirit of evil'." He said: "The desert is rather an eloquent metaphor of the human condition."
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The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church: Together with the Psalter Or Psalms of David According to the Use of the Episcopal Church
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The Good Friday fast became the principal fast in the calendar, and even after the Reformation in Germany many Lutherans who observed no other fast scrupulously kept Good Friday with strict fasting.
833:
shows that in about the year 1000 the ashes were "strewn" on the head, the marking of the forehead is the method that now prevails in English-speaking countries and is the only one envisaged in the
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had their heads covered in church, were placed on the foreheads of women. In the Catholic Church the manner of imposing ashes depends largely on local custom since no fixed rule has been laid down.
626:
In the Church of England, and throughout much of the Worldwide Anglican Communion, the entire forty days of Lent are designated days of fasting. Fridays are designated as days of abstinence in the
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offered Ashes to Go for "believers whose schedules make it difficult to attend a traditional service" in 2016. In the United States itself 34 states and the District of Columbia had at least one
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people where they are.' The same church will also offer drive-through prayers during Lent with people submitting requests into a box left on the church grounds without having to leave their car.
2183:
4355:
639:, a resource for Anglo-Catholics, defines "Fasting" as "usually meaning not more than a light breakfast, one full meal, and one-half meal, on the forty days of Lent." The same text defines
1077:), prayers of confession, and the sign of ashes. No single one of the traditional services contains all of these elements. The Anglican church's traditional Ash Wednesday service, titled
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1986:
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on all penitential days, including Ash Wednesday) are a part of its general traditional Ash Wednesday liturgy, they are not associated specifically with the rite of blessing the ashes.
1464:, although in the United States use "the same Gregorian calendar as the Roman Catholic rite", do not practice the distribution of ashes as it is "not part of their ancient tradition".
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Ash Wednesday is always 46 days before Easter. Easter is determined as the Sunday following the first full moon that happens on or after the March equinox (which is always 21 March).
3942:
1684:
2838:
While undergoing a Lenten sacrifice, it is helpful to pray for strength; and encouraging fellow Christians in their fast saying, for example: "May God bless your Lenten sacrifice."
2386:
2341:
868:, where, by the custom in Italy and many other countries, ashes are sprinkled on his head, not smudged on his forehead, and he places ashes on the heads of others in the same way.
607:), as are all Fridays during Lent. Some Roman Catholics continue fasting throughout Lent, as was the Church's traditional requirement, concluding only after the celebration of the
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was due to a desire of the reformers "to restore the primitive practice of public penance in church". He further stated that "the sentences of the greater excommunication" within
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In 2013, churches not only in the United States but also at least one church each in the United Kingdom, Canada, and South Africa, participated in Ashes to Go. Outside of their
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2505:
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1227:, prepared for battle using ashes: "That day they fasted and wore sackcloth; they sprinkled ashes on their heads and tore their clothes" (1 Maccabees 3:47; see also 4:39).
480:. These do observe Ash Wednesday, although often on a different day from the previously mentioned denominations, as its date is determined from the Orthodox calculation of
5382:
1292:
An 1881 Polish painting of a Roman Catholic priest sprinkling ashes on the heads of worshippers, the method prevailing in Italy, Poland, Spain, and parts of Latin America.
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spoke of Lent as a period of fasting for forty days in advance of Easter, although it is unclear whether the prescribed fast applied to all Christians, or specifically to
2216:
1402:
for Ash-Wednesday, prefacing it with an address and a recital of the curses of Mount Ebal, and then with an exhortation uses the older service very nearly as it stood."
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fast, and Lutherans have observed this season with a serene, earnest attitude. Special days of eucharistic communion were set aside on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday.
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Lent begins with Ash Wednesday and ends with the conclusion of the Great Sabbath (Holy Saturday – Easter Eve) – forty days on the church calendar, excluding Sundays.
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until sunset on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, with some fasting in this manner throughout the whole season of Lent. In India, Ash Wednesday is called व्रत विभूति (
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Lent is 40 days long, not including Sundays. According to the calendar, that means the season is 46 days long overall. Lent begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on
1134:, which, along with "what follows" in the rest of the service (lesser Litany, Lord's Prayer, three prayers for pardon and final blessing), "was taken from the
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taking part. Most of these churches (parishes) were Episcopal, but there were also several Methodist churches, as well as Presbyterian and Catholic churches.
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in Washington, D.C., imposed ashes on commuters and other passers-by on Ash Wednesday (5 March) near the Foggy Bottom Metro station in the nation's capital.
988:, to distribute ashes to passers-by, even to people waiting in their cars for a stoplight to change. The Anglican priest Emily Mellott of Calvary Church in
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2640:
1360:
4176:
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1219:, Job says to God: "I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear: but now mine eye seeth thee. Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes."
3825:
1374:; liturgical scholar Blair Meeks notes that the Lutheran and Anglican denominations "never lapsed in this observance". It was even prescribed under King
1015:
effort is a "tremendous witness in our city, with Catholics and Anglicans working together to start the season of Lent, perhaps reminding those who have
871:
The Anglican ritual, used in Papua New Guinea states that, after the blessing of the ashes, "the priest marks his forehead and then the foreheads of the
5515:
4123:
Dubbed Ashes to Go, it's a contemporary spin on the Ash Wednesday practice followed chiefly in Episcopal, Anglican, Catholic and Lutheran denominations.
3466:
Lent is the forty day period before Easter, excluding Sundays, which begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Saturday (the day before Easter Sunday).
1212:). The gesture was also used to express sorrow for sins and faults. Ashes could be symbolic of the old sinful self dying and returning to the dust. In
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church in Rome. Not long after that, the name of the day was referred to in the liturgical books as "Feria Quarta Cinerum" (i.e., Ash Wednesday)."
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1085:'s traditional service has the blessing and distribution of ashes but, while prayers of confession and recitation of Psalm 51 (the first psalm at
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4383:
5563:
6925:
5038:
The Church Cyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Church Doctrine, History, Organization, and Ritual, and Containing Original Articles on Special Topics.
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1896:
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Turning to the gospel of the day, which is about Jesus' 40 days in the desert, "where he overcame the temptations of Satan" (cfr Mk 1:12–13),
4786:"Megum við syngja?" Rannsókn á öskudagssiðum Íslendinga fyrr og nú. ("Can we sing?" Research on öskudag customs in Iceland, past and present.)
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The service for Ash Wednesday has traditionally included Psalm 51, prayers of confession and the sign of ashes, often in the shape of a cross.
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and abstinence from meat in several Christian denominations. As it is the first day of Lent, many Christians begin Ash Wednesday by marking a
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from the Church, or have never been before, that the Christian faith is alive and active in Sunderland." The Catholic Student Association of
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and congregation who come and kneel, or stand, where they normally receive the Blessed Sacrament." The corresponding Catholic ritual in the
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he only part of the church calendar that features in the regular cycle of services and worship at First Pres would be Christmas and Easter.
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1280:: "If the mighty works done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago (sitting) in sackcloth and ashes."
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was raped by her half-brother, "she sprinkled ashes on her head, tore her robe, and with her face buried in her hands went away crying" (
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972:, including Anglicans, Lutherans, and Methodists, have participated in 'Ashes to Go' activities, in which clergy go outside of their
907:, such as the placing of ashes on the head, even those who are not Catholics and perhaps not even baptized. Even those who have been
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recommends that the faithful "Fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday with only one simple meal during the day, usually without meat".
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begin it on the First Sunday in Lent. Ashes are blessed and ceremonially distributed at the start of Lent in the Latin Church, the
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1566:. While not specifically instituted in the Bible text, the 40 days of fast and pray is also analogous to the 40 days during which
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The Catholic Church and the Methodist Church say that the ashes should be those of palm branches blessed at the previous year's
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1173:, theatres refrained from presenting costumed shows on Ash Wednesday, so they provided other entertainment, as mandated by the
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1184:, children "pin small bags of ashes on the back of some unsuspecting person", dress up in costumes, and sing songs for candy.
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Catholics should try not to rub their ashes off after Ash Wednesday Mass, an English bishop has said. Bishop Kieran Conry of
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The public penance that grave sinners underwent before being admitted to Holy Communion just before Easter lasted throughout
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It is traditional to save the palm branches from the previous Palm Sunday service to burn to produce ashes for this service.
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stress the importance of the Lenten fast, which begins on Ash Wednesday. The United Methodist Church therefore states that:
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There is no rule about this. It is a matter of personal decision based on the individual's inclinations and circumstances.
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and other named days and day ranges around Lent and Easter in Western Christianity, with the fasting days of Lent numbered
1097:. Where the traditional Gregorian Chants are still used, the psalm continues to enjoy a prominent place in the ceremony.
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The Council of Nicea (325) mentions for the first time Lent as a period of 40 days of fasting in preparation for Easter.
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if someone in the village didn't receive ash, they "shared their blessing" by rubbing their foreheads together, and the
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is observed, the day of fasting and abstinence is postponed to the first Friday in the Ambrosian Lent, nine days later.
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the Great (c. 540–604), although this is probably incorrect since Ash Wednesday was not part of Lent in his time.
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2001:
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Over the last 25 years, more and more Methodist local conferences have been observing Lent, the 46 days before Easter.
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1315:(c. 260/265 – 339/340) recounts how a repentant apostate covered himself with ashes when begging
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The United Methodist Church website: "When did United Methodists start the "imposition of ashes" on Ash Wednesday?"
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Ash Wednesday marks the start of a 40-day period which is an allusion to the separation of Jesus in the desert to
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On Ash Wednesday 2017, Father Paddy Mooney, the priest of St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church in the Irish town of
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2140:
Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
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822:, reminds worshippers of their sinfulness and mortality and thus, implicitly, of their need to repent in time.
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541:. Whatever the council's original intent, this forty-day fast came into wide practice throughout the church.
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While starting a Lenten sacrifice on Ash Wednesday (e.g. giving up watching television), it is customary to
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and Russell F. Anderson likewise state that the practice was continued among some Lutherans and Anglicans.
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was held for the first time on Ash Wednesday in 1984 but is now fixed as the second Wednesday in March.
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biblical curses of God against sinners, to each of which the people were directed to respond with Amen.
1101:
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1704:, Ash Wednesday is National No Smoking Day. The date was chosen because quitting smoking ties in with
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795:" ("Remember, man, that thou art dust, and to dust thou shalt return.") This custom is credited to
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who made the Great Fast a major theme of their entire lives such as hermits and desert-dwellers."
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movement, encourages Christians to wear their ashed cross throughout the day as an exercise of
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423:. Since the mid-twentieth century, many churches in the Reformed tradition (including certain
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1307: – c. 225) said that confession of sin should be accompanied by lying in
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1760:. In the Ambrosian Rite, this is done at the end of the Sunday Mass or on the following day.
1705:
1519:(14 February), which occurred in 1923, 1934, 1945, 2018, 2024, and will next occur in 2029.
992:
took up the idea and turned it into a movement, stated that the practice was also an act of
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287:
283:
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infringement of Christian liberty and contrary to the formal principle of the Reformation,
2261:
1574:(Exo. 34:27–28). (Jews today follow 40 days of repenting in preparation for and during the
1338:, an Anglo-Saxon abbot, wrote of the rite of strewing ashes on heads at the start of Lent.
6822:
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3260:"When Is Lent in 2021? Everything You Need to Know About When the Season Starts and Ends"
3152:
2057:
1856:
852:, contains "The Imposition of Ashes" in its Ash Wednesday liturgy. On Ash Wednesday, the
643:
as refraining from flesh meat on all Fridays of the Church Year, except for those during
5026:
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2235:
6584:
6420:
6383:
6202:
6053:
5887:
5882:
5739:
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3346:
3175:
Saint Augustine's Prayer Book: A Book of Devotion for Members of the Anglican Communion
1749:
1717:
1713:
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The Anglican Church's Ash Wednesday liturgy, he wrote, also traditionally included the
1070:
1061:
St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral in Memphis, Tennessee on Ash Wednesday 2011. The veiled
1000:
880:
857:
796:
735:
612:
419:
have historically not observed Ash Wednesday, nor Lent in general, due to the Reformed
298:
205:
157:
74:
3119:
Commentary on the Lutheran Book of Worship: Lutheran Liturgy in Its Ecumenical Context
1451:
generally do not observe Ash Wednesday, although in recent times, the creation of the
774:
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6899:
6549:
6479:
6342:
6256:
6045:
5951:
5833:
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1349:
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1170:
969:
691:
644:
573:
107:
4912:
2187:, Perché il Carnevale ambrosiano si festeggia in ritardo rispetto al resto d’Italia?
1642:
A woman receives a cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday outside an Episcopal church, 2015
1296:
Christians continued the practice of using ashes as an external sign of repentance.
1192:
305:
on their foreheads or the top of their heads, as the wearing of ashes was a sign of
6771:
6700:
6596:
6484:
6332:
6164:
5956:
5701:
4708:
4080:"Catholics and Anglicans to distribute ashes to shoppers in Sunderland city centre"
2443:
2363:
1745:
1579:
1383:
1331:
1042:
904:
876:
865:
815:
766:
A priest marks a cross of ashes on a worshipper's forehead, the prevailing form in
719:
608:
511:
473:
432:
335:
256:
82:
6869:
3838:
3517:
The biblical text does not have the words "remember that", nor the vocative noun "
5139:
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1960:
6474:
6462:
6425:
6412:
6226:
6214:
5946:
5934:
5906:
5804:
5758:
5207:
5067:
An Exposition of the Book of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments
4894:
3403:. Western Rite of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
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1213:
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319:
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228:
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likewise offered to impose ashes within the church without a solemn ceremony.)
484:, which may be as much as a month later than the Western observance of Easter.
6696:
6645:
6579:
6494:
6390:
6337:
6231:
6160:
5966:
5697:
4852:
2708:
2085:
Protestant Worship: A Multisensory Introduction for Students and Practitioners
2005:
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94:
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1081:, contains the first two elements, but not the third. On the other hand, the
782:
clergyman burning palm fronds from the previous Palm Sunday for Ash Wednesday
6805:
6667:
6574:
6430:
6305:
6250:
6116:
6035:
5911:
5841:
5786:
5440:"Love for God or love for jowa? When Ash Wednesday falls on Valentine's Day"
4828:
4225:
4111:
2997:
2982:
1741:
1709:
1429:
1308:
1224:
1135:
929:
476:. There are a relatively small number of Orthodox Christians who follow the
350:
264:
236:
224:
213:
6817:
5426:
A Perpetual Easter and Passover Calculator: Days Dependent on Easter Sunday
4702:
2852:
Popular Catholicism in 20th-Century Ireland: Locality, Identity and Culture
1485:
5628:
3995:
3537:
37:
6766:
6452:
6324:
4512:
4510:
3348:
Blueprints for worship: a user's guide for United Methodist congregations
1535:
1500:
1353:
1312:
1130:
981:
977:
779:
561:
416:
354:
169:
2957:"Code of Canon Law – Book IV – Function of the Church (Cann. 1244–1253)"
5444:
3400:
2644:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 734.
1543:
1527:
1382:
in 1550, but it fell out of use in many areas after 1600. In 1536, the
1188:
1181:
872:
600:
584:
565:
538:
498:
260:
197:
90:
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1748:, the Monday before Ash Wednesday, and Latin Catholics who follow the
1690:
A priest has an "Ashes to Go" station for commuters at a train station
6502:
6181:
5974:
5718:
4348:"#AshesToGo at Start of Lent As Clergy Offer Commuters 'Ash n' Dash'"
1547:
1094:
1007:, are offering Ashes to Go together: Marc Lyden-Smith, the priest of
811:
481:
217:
193:
177:
4222:"Episcopal priests offer 'Ashes to Go' as Ash Wednesday begins Lent"
4108:"Episcopal priests offer 'Ashes to Go' as Ash Wednesday begins Lent"
3711:"Responses to frequently asked questions regarding Lenten practices"
3377:
2930:. Christ the Savior Orthodox Church. 2018. p. 3. Archived from
2633:
2334:"Preparing to enter Lent – thoughts on Ash Wednesday"
1428:, the practice was encouraged in Protestant churches, including the
1270:
675:
may voluntarily fast during the season of Lent, along with making a
591:
from meat (which begins at age 14 according to canon law 1252), and
3021:(in Italian). Parrocchia S. Giovanna Antida Thouret. Archived from
1515:.) Also, there are certain times that Ash Wednesday coincides with
1223:
Testament period, the rebels fighting for Jewish independence, the
3522:
1567:
1521:
1340:
1287:
1158:
1086:
1056:
951:
773:
761:
753:
557:
502:
310:
6731:
in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
4931:
Season of Ash and Fire: Prayers and Liturgies for Lent and Easter
4543:
The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey
4304:
Church, and the Rev. James Byrd, from St. Andrew's Chapel Church.
1277:
1256:
6352:
6315:
5851:
4587:
John Brand, Sir Henry Ellis, James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps,
3764:"Ash Wednesday in Ireland: End of the Good Times, Start of Lent"
2059:
The Roman Missal [Third Typical Edition, Chapel Edition]
1582:
1327:
1069:
Robin Knowles Wallace states that the traditional Ash Wednesday
860:, traditionally takes part in a penitential procession from the
853:
604:
526:
209:
173:
6154:
5691:
5649:
2681:
Feasting on the Word: Year C, Volume 2: Lent through Eastertide
1230:
Examples of the practice among Jews are found in several other
468:
does not, in general, observe Ash Wednesday. Instead, Orthodox
4202:
4171:
4169:
1674:
A Lutheran pastor distributes ashes to a communicant during a
960:
priests distribute ashes to passersby in the American city of
302:
43:
19:
This article is about the day of fasting. For other uses, see
6828:
4317:"Catholics Who Can't Make it to Church can Get 'Ashes to Go'"
3538:
Richard P. Bucher, "The History and Meaning of Ash Wednesday"
903:, the Catholic Church does not exclude anyone from receiving
435:
churches) do observe both Ash Wednesday and Lent such as the
4179:. The United Methodist Church. 27 April 2011. Archived from
3733:"Cathedral offers visitors 'Ashes to Go' this Ash Wednesday"
2823:"What is Shrove Tuesday? Meaning, Traditions, and 2021 Date"
968:
Since 2007, some members of major Christian Churches in the
508:
Jesus Tempted in the Wilderness (Jésus tenté dans le désert)
5467:"Lent with Jesus in the desert to fight the spirit of evil"
2207:"Ash Wednesday Today, Christians Observe First Day of Lent"
330:
Ash Wednesday is observed by numerous denominations within
3214:"What does The United Methodist Church say about fasting?"
3145:
Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Haas, John Augustus William (1899).
2110:"Palms to Ashes: A Few Things to Know About Ash Wednesday"
1104:
removed the ceremony of the ashes from the liturgy of the
3935:"Should Catholics Keep Their Ashes on All Ash Wednesday?"
1496:
Ash Wednesday is exactly 46 days before Easter Sunday, a
1398:
states that the "English office had adapted the very old
793:
Memento, homo, quia pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris.
791:
3:19) used traditionally to accompany this gesture are, "
525:, as well as fasting and abstinence during the season of
4589:
Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain
3661:"Ash Wednesday: Pope Francis Celebrates at Santa Sabina"
2356:"Lent for Everyone: Matthew, Year A: A Daily Devotional"
2142:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 49–50.
1987:
National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.
1204:
Ashes were used in ancient times to express grief. When
5561:
20% of smokers light up around their children every day
4374:"What Is 'Ashes To Go'? Where To Get 'ATG' In New York"
3121:. Augsburg Fortress Publishers. pp. 223–244, 260.
1983:
International Journal of Religious Education, Volume 27
2587:"With The Reformed Pubcast On Lent And Sola Scriptura"
2392:. The Moravian Church British Province. Archived from
928:
mixing the ashes with a small amount of holy water or
6794:
5492:"Written Answers. – Cigarette Smoking"
4609:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
4445:
The Christian Year: A Guide for Worship and Preaching
4177:"Got ashes? Chicago church takes Lent to the streets"
4074:
4072:
3921:
and is usually mixed with a little holy water or oil.
2899:"Some Christians observe Lenten fast the Islamic way"
1570:
repented and fasted in response to the making of the
521:
Many Lent-observing denominations emphasize making a
4493:
An Ecofeminist Perspective on Ash Wednesday and Lent
2028:"The Biblical Foundations of Lent and Ash Wednesday"
1932:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 256.
1409:
Monte Canfield and Blair Meeks state that after the
1334:
of the late 8th century. About two centuries later,
6565:
6493:
6443:
6411:
6351:
6323:
6314:
6279:
6240:
6180:
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5965:
5920:
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5832:
5776:
5717:
4137:"'Ashes to Go' meets commuters in Washington, D.C."
2684:. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. p. 22.
290:that they will not partake of until the arrival of
153:
145:
137:
129:
121:
113:
102:
70:
62:
51:
30:
4761:Ring of Seasons: Iceland – Its Culture and History
4055:"Like Religious Freedom? Wear Ashes on Wednesday!"
3401:"The Holy Season of Lent in the Western Tradition"
3345:
3318:. Northwestern Publishing House. 1973. p. 66.
3052:
2678:Bartlett, David L.; Taylor, Barbara Brown (2009).
1783:"Shrove Tuesday inspires unique church traditions"
1027:, among others, have participated in Ashes to Go.
5308:"Lenten practices differ for Byzantine Catholics"
4913:https://archive.org/details/aelfricslivesof01aelf
4517:L'abbaye Saint Pierre de Solesmes, Congregation.
3521:" (human being) that is included in the pre-1970
3506:Did Pope Gregory the Great Add Four Days to Lent?
3017:[The time of Lent in the Ambrosian rite]
2166:, Giorno delle Ceneri: Cos'è il rito delle Ceneri
1744:as part of Lent, begin the penitential season on
1455:has led to the observance of Ash Wednesday among
1266:. Jesus is quoted as speaking of the practice in
5138:Kingsbury, Jack D.; Pennington, Chester (1980).
3958:"9 things to know and share about Ash Wednesday"
3857:Order for the Blessing and Distribution of Ashes
451:, although often as a voluntary observance. The
4804:"HAMVAZÓSZERDA | Magyar néprajz | Kézikönyvtár"
2254:"Lent: Preparation for Easter | HOLINESS TODAY"
2002:"After Giving up Alcohol, I'm Addicted to Lent"
1065:and purple paraments are customary during Lent.
660:
457:
5536:Ban on smoking in cars gets Minister's support
4411:"Jackson Township church offers 'Ashes to Go'"
3789:Roman Catholic Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin
3088:Gassmann, Günther; Oldenburg, Mark W. (2011).
2761:Gassmann, Günther; Oldenburg, Mark W. (2011).
2611:. Chapter XIV: The Westminster Assembly. 1645.
1923:
1921:
1530:of a church on Ash Wednesday 2015 (the veiled
1370:, the ashes ceremony was not forbidden in the
583:Among Catholics, Ash Wednesday is observed by
5661:
5085:. Church Publishing, Inc. 1979. p. 265.
4923:
4921:
4763:. University of Michigan Press. p. 109.
4648:
4646:
4644:
3188:Abraham, William J.; Kirby, James E. (2009).
3168:
3166:
2129:
2127:
460:by reading and reflecting on God's Holy Word.
297:Many Christians attend special Ash Wednesday
274:Ash Wednesday is traditionally observed with
8:
5104:
5102:
4963:. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 612.
4536:Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (2006).
3739:(Anglican). 27 February 2014. Archived from
2883:. Burns, Oates & Washbourne. p. 8.
2879:Guéranger, Prosper; Fromage, Lucien (1912).
2062:. LiturgyTrainingPublications. p. 210.
564:, many Christians continue this practice of
4486:
4484:
3697:Tridentine Roman Missal, "Feria IV Cinerum"
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3015:"Il Tempo di Quaresima nel rito Ambrosiano"
2385:Moravian Women's Association (March 2017).
1196:and sajbózás), all specific to Hungary.
6320:
6177:
6151:
5714:
5688:
5668:
5654:
5646:
5401:"Dates of Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday"
5200:William P. Lazarus, Mark Sullivan (2011).
4870:
4868:
4866:
4153:Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde, leader of the
3988:"The History and Meaning of Ash Wednesday"
3783:
3781:
3289:. New Hope Moravian Church. Archived from
3009:
3007:
2703:
2701:
2657:"Ash Wednesday: What do Presbyterians do?"
2480:A Catechism of the Liberal Catholic Church
1959:. New Hope Moravian Church. Archived from
1951:
1949:
1883:
1881:
1606:A Naval air officer receives ashes from a
1041:, Saint Stephen Martyr Lutheran Church in
36:
27:
5438:Esmaquel, Paterno II (10 February 2024).
5347:dalla domenica immediatamente successiva.
4283:"A modern way to begin the Lenten season"
3533:
3531:
3380:. Covenant Presbyterian Church of Chicago
2734:
2732:
2730:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2506:"Ash Wednesday ushers in time of remorse"
2288:The Evangelical Covenant Church of Canada
1806:
1804:
1785:. Daily American Reporter. Archived from
1736:Not all Catholics observe Ash Wednesday.
1654:A Methodist pastor distributing ashes to
549:Lenten fast, which is often known as the
326:Observing and non-observing denominations
16:First day of Lent in Western Christianity
5257:Baptists mark Ash Wednesday Jeff Brumley
4656:The History of the Book of Common Prayer
4023:"Don't rub off your ashes, urges bishop"
3918:from the original on 24 September 2006.
3581:
3579:
3316:The Northwestern Lutheran, Volumes 60–61
3192:. Oxford University Press. p. 257.
3190:The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies
2789:
2787:
2785:
2609:Directory for the Publish Worship of God
2504:Cabie, Honor Blanco (14 February 2018).
1484:
999:Anglicans and Catholics in parts of the
6841:
6801:
5007:John Foxe, John Milner, Ingram Cobbin,
4591:(Bell & Daldy, 1873), vol. 1, p. 98
4061:from the original on 12 February 2015.
3633:
3631:
3612:. Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea.
3258:LaBianca, Juliuana (16 February 2021).
1890:"A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent"
1773:
1729:
1596:
679:for the season as a form of penitence.
385:observe Ash Wednesday. Churches in the
4961:A History of the Creeds of Christendom
4859:from the original on 28 February 2011.
4607:in Elizabeth A. Livingstone (editor),
4092:from the original on 5 February 2016.
3824:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3817:
3705:
3703:
3333:. Church Publishing, Inc. p. 130.
2854:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 101.
2483:(4th ed.). BookBaby. p. 53.
2419:"Ash Wednesday 2018 Worship Resources"
2344:from the original on 29 November 2017.
2056:Church, Catholic (14 September 2011).
1897:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
5377:Dipippo, Gregory (16 February 2014).
5287:from the original on 19 November 2015
4879:. Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate.
4746:Church and Stage in Victorian Britain
4680:Handbook to the Book of Common Prayer
4425:"Where to find Ashes to Go This Year"
4319:. KFBK News and Radio. 5 March 2014.
3939:About.com Religion & Spirituality
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3616:from the original on 27 December 2017
3564:from the original on 17 February 2015
3556:McNamara, Edward (17 February 2015).
2477:Wagner, Abp. Wynn (6 February 2011).
2083:Allen, O. Wesley (29 November 2019).
1624:Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church
1390:After Henry's death in January 1547,
621:A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent
529:, particularly on Ash Wednesday. The
243:, as well as by some churches in the
7:
5379:"Septuagesima in the Ambrosian Rite"
4748:. Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 34.
4630:the website of the Church of England
4035:from the original on 11 March 2014.
3090:Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism
2763:Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism
2546:from the original on 21 October 2017
2332:Harader, Joanna (18 February 2015).
1957:"Lent: 40 Days of Spiritual Renewal"
1930:Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism
1359:The article on Ash Wednesday in the
964:as part of the Ashes to Go movement.
441:Protestant Church of the Netherlands
5473:from the original on 3 March 2009.
5407:from the original on 2 January 2013
5362:. The Catholic Encyclopedia. 2012.
5318:from the original on 15 April 2014.
5123:from the original on 6 March 2014.
5109:Monte Canfield (20 February 2009).
4883:from the original on 16 April 2014.
4853:"Church History, Book V (Eusebius)"
4358:from the original on 1 March 2017.
4053:Guyton, Morgan (21 February 2012).
3945:from the original on 12 April 2014.
3839:Code of Canon Law, canon 1331 §1 2°
3671:from the original on 13 April 2014.
2750:from the original on 13 April 2014.
2667:from the original on 22 April 2017.
2655:Scanlon, Leslie (7 February 2005).
2219:from the original on 5 March 2014.
2108:Pattison, Mark (13 February 2019).
2026:Hilovsky, Judy (15 February 2024).
1839:"Lenten Reflections: Ash Wednesday"
1837:Lipin, Bridget (27 February 2017).
1100:In the mid-16th century, the first
896:placed with little or no ceremony.
839:Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea
810:, an alternative formula (based on
6668:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
6662:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
6117:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
6111:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
5498:. 18 February 1997. Archived from
5111:"Ash Wednesday: What is it About?"
4901:from the original on 7 March 2014.
4431:from the original on 7 April 2014.
4209:from the original on 7 April 2014.
3964:from the original on 11 March 2014
3774:from the original on 7 April 2014.
3721:from the original on 7 April 2014.
3495:from the original on 7 April 2014.
2313:Ahlgrim, Ryan (13 February 2018).
2284:"First Day of Lent, Ash Wednesday"
2234:Sleeth, Nancy (23 February 2017).
1708:, and because of the link between
1440:churches and some less liturgical
1121:corresponded to those used in the
915:sacramentals are not forbidden to
14:
5605:FAQ: When is No Smoking Day 2010?
5385:from the original on 8 May 2014.
5366:from the original on 7 July 2014.
5336:from the original on 14 July 2014
5065:Andrew Fowler, Episcopal Church,
4788:(Masters thesis) (in Icelandic).
4733:from the original on 6 July 2017.
4576:. Oxford: W. Baxter. p. 506.
4386:from the original on 7 April 2014
4323:from the original on 7 April 2014
4252:"Students make time to get ashes"
4250:Anthony Ezzo (23 February 2012).
4143:from the original on 7 April 2014
4135:Banks, Adelle M. (5 March 2014).
3606:"Ash Wednesday Blessing of Ashes"
2585:Clark, R. Scott (14 March 2017).
2571:(Podcast). The Gospel Coalition.
1453:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate
204:denominations. It is preceded by
6878:
6861:
6844:
6816:
6804:
6777:
5767:
5642:– List of sources on the history
5627:
5203:Comparative Religion For Dummies
4707:. Church Press Company. p.
4409:Coffey, Tim (10 February 2016).
3092:. Scarecrow Press. p. 229.
2765:. Scarecrow Press. p. 229.
2565:Duncan, Ligon (22 August 2013).
2360:Moravian Church in North America
2000:McDuff, Mallory (4 April 2013).
1683:
1667:
1647:
1635:
1615:
1599:
899:Unlike its discipline regarding
844:The Ash Wednesday ritual of the
576:, which is held in the church's
5513:Chronic long-term costs of COPD
5312:The Catholic Standard and Times
5175:. CSS Publishing. p. 104.
4996:(London, Chiswell 1694), p. 159
4934:. Abingdon Press. p. 107.
4442:Wallace, Robin Knowles (2010).
4155:Episcopal Diocese of Washington
3331:The Anglican Family Prayer Book
3237:"Lent: A Time to Fast and Pray"
3117:Pfatteicher, Philip H. (1990).
2448:"Moderator's Lent Message 2020"
2423:Metropolitan Community Churches
2087:. Abingdon Press. p. 182.
1501:based on the cycles of the moon
1157:cards are brought forth to the
911:and are therefore forbidden to
421:regulative principle of worship
401:honour Ash Wednesday too. Some
383:Metropolitan Community Churches
341:observe it, along with certain
5306:Baldwin, Lou (12 March 2009).
4784:Einarsdottir, Kristin (2004).
4611:(Oxford University Press 2013
4519:"Traditional Gregorian Chants"
4448:. Abingdon Press. p. 49.
4346:Farley, Harry (1 March 2017).
3992:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
3960:. National Catholic Register.
3715:Catholics United for the Faith
3558:"Ashes and How to Impose Them"
3489:"Laypeople Distributing Ashes"
3173:Gavitt, Loren Nichols (1991).
2568:Should You Cancel Good Friday?
2138:. In Melton, J. Gordon (ed.).
1781:Walker, Katie (7 March 2011).
1506:Since the introduction of the
1432:. It has also been adopted by
1200:Biblical significance of ashes
21:Ash Wednesday (disambiguation)
1:
6926:Public holidays in Bangladesh
5586:The History of No Smoking Day
5332:(in Italian). Parrocchie.it.
5172:Lectionary Preaching Workbook
5169:Anderson, Russell F. (1996).
5011:(Knight and Son 1856), p. 500
4978:(Goadby 1766), vol. 2, p. 275
4723:"Why ashes on Ash Wednesday?"
4653:Maude, Joseph Hooper (1901).
3876:"Why ashes on Ash Wednesday?"
3508:- Roger Pearse, 5 March 2022.
3239:. The United Methodist Church
3216:. The United Methodist Church
2886:be taken at the hour of None.
2205:Koonse, Emma (5 March 2014).
1861:Methodist Church in Singapore
1843:American Baptist Churches USA
1610:aboard a U.S. Navy ship, 2011
1319:to readmit him to communion.
1301:
636:Saint Augustine's Prayer Book
301:at which churchgoers receive
223:Ash Wednesday is observed by
6076:Nativity of John the Baptist
5640:The Origins of Ash Wednesday
5469:. Asia News.it. 3 May 2006.
5360:"Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite"
5025:Benton, Angelo Ames (1883).
4928:Meeks, Blair Gilmer (2003).
4379:International Business Times
4258:. Kent Wired. Archived from
3956:Akin, Jimmy (4 March 2014).
2903:Union of Catholic Asian News
2794:Olsen, Ted (8 August 2008).
2315:"Remember that you are dust"
1758:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
728:Western Rite Orthodox Church
650:In the Methodist tradition,
98:Placing of ashes on the head
5381:. New Liturgical Movement.
4994:Memorials of Thomas Cranmer
4727:The United Methodist Church
4704:The Sarum Missal in English
4021:Arco, Anna (3 March 2011).
3884:The United Methodist Church
3880:The United Methodist Church
3688:Roman Missal, Ash Wednesday
1888:Weitzel, Thomas L. (1978).
1706:giving up a luxury for Lent
1538:are customary during Lent).
499:Fasting § Christianity
371:Evangelical Covenant Church
208:and marks the first day of
6942:
6784:Catholic Church portal
5032:. L. R. Hamersly. p.
4792:, department of ethnology.
3352:. Abingdon Press. p.
3177:. Holy Cross Publications.
2713:Reformed Church in America
2236:"How do you observe Lent?"
2134:Melton, J. Gordon (2011).
1857:"The Significance of Lent"
1816:Reformed Church in America
1550:. During this time he was
1478:
976:to public places, such as
768:English-speaking countries
732:United Protestant Churches
496:
453:Reformed Church in America
46:on a worshipper's forehead
18:
6717:
6688:
6468:Mass of the Lord's Supper
6176:
6150:
5940:Mass of the Lord's Supper
5765:
5713:
5687:
5244:retrieved 1 March 2014 |
4911:The Lives of the Saints:
4701:Church, Catholic (1868).
4477:. W. Baxter. p. 510.
4057:. Red Letter Christians.
3055:The American Book of Days
2881:The Liturgical Year: Lent
1812:"The Liturgical Calendar"
1738:Eastern Catholic Churches
1449:Eastern Orthodox churches
1311:and ashes. The historian
734:) or at the start of the
449:Presbyterian Church (USA)
318:from the previous year's
35:
5842:Presentation of the Lord
5614:, No Smoking Day website
5595:, No Smoking Day website
5541:11 November 2010 at the
5029:United States of America
4877:"Orthodox Ash Wednesday"
4838:17 December 2014 at the
3235:Chavez, Kathrin (2010).
2661:The Presbyterian Outlook
1928:Buchanan, Colin (2015).
1462:Byzantine Rite Catholics
829:Although the account of
6729:holy days of obligation
6641:Exaltation of the Cross
6265:Octave Day of Christmas
6105:Exaltation of the Cross
5283:. Ukrainian Orthodoxy.
4959:Schaff, Philip (1877).
4875:Fenton, John W (2013).
4759:Lacy, Terry G. (2000).
4659:. E.S. Gorham. p.
4548:Oxford University Press
4139:Religion News Service.
3586:The Lives of the Saints
3525:version of the formula.
3427:United Church of Canada
3344:Langford, Andy (1993).
3329:Kitch, Anne E. (2003).
3287:"Moravian Passion Week"
3148:The Lutheran Cyclopedia
3051:Hatch, Jane M. (1978).
2850:Cléir, Síle de (2017).
2796:"The Beginning of Lent"
2744:Encyclopædia Britannica
2641:Encyclopædia Britannica
2452:United Church of Canada
2387:"Lent around the world"
1696:National No Smoking Day
1622:Imposition of ashes at
1378:in 1538 and under King
1366:states that, after the
1362:Encyclopædia Britannica
1161:where they are burned.
1073:includes Psalm 51 (the
879:for celebration within
848:, Mother Church of the
595:. On Ash Wednesday and
531:First Council of Nicaea
466:Eastern Orthodox Church
399:United Church of Canada
395:United Church of Christ
389:tradition, such as the
6602:Saint John the Baptist
5566:25 August 2010 at the
5009:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
4571:Mant, Richard (1825).
4472:Mant, Richard (1825).
4220:Grossman, Cathy Lynn.
4106:Grossman, Cathy Lynn.
3452:. EWTN. Archived from
3423:"First Sunday in Lent"
2338:Mennonite World Review
2319:Mennonite World Review
1539:
1493:
1411:Protestant Reformation
1368:Protestant Reformation
1356:
1332:Gregorian Sacramentary
1293:
1284:Christian use of ashes
1066:
965:
862:Church of Saint Anselm
783:
771:
759:
758:A priest blesses ashes
665:
518:
493:Fasting and abstinence
462:
6833:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
6608:Saints Peter and Paul
6514:Sundays after Easter
6221:Immaculate Conception
6082:Saints Peter and Paul
5753:Immaculate Conception
5610:7 August 2009 at the
5591:30 April 2009 at the
4790:University of Iceland
4635:13 April 2014 at the
3912:The Diocese of London
3844:29 March 2008 at the
3560:. Zemit News Agency.
3543:13 April 2014 at the
3378:"The Meaning of Lent"
2635:"Ash Wednesday"
2536:"Ash Wednesday Ideas"
2258:www.holinesstoday.org
1740:, which do not count
1525:
1488:
1479:Further information:
1396:The Church Cyclopædia
1344:
1291:
1148:Low church ceremonies
1102:Book of Common Prayer
1060:
1021:Kent State University
955:
777:
765:
757:
683:Date of Ash Wednesday
652:John Wesley's sermons
630:Book of Common Prayer
506:
445:Swiss Reformed Church
403:Independent Catholics
391:Church of North India
247:, (including certain
6906:February observances
6680:Presentation of Mary
6306:Purification of Mary
6129:Presentation of Mary
5636:at Wikimedia Commons
5522:, Dr Jarlath Healy,
5518:10 June 2010 at the
5330:"Il Rito Ambrosiano"
4039:Arundel and Brighton
3862:7 April 2014 at the
3646:29 June 2014 at the
3151:. Scribner. p.
2446:(17 February 2020).
2171:14 July 2014 at the
938:Red-Letter Christian
716:Continental Reformed
654:on the topic of the
429:Continental Reformed
332:Western Christianity
253:Continental Reformed
6697:Ordinary Procession
6301:Baptism of the Lord
5995:Divine Mercy Sunday
5824:Baptism of the Lord
5811:Mary, Mother of God
5570:Claire O'Sullivan,
5524:Irish Medical Times
5266:13 February 2013 |
5262:22 May 2013 at the
4491:Sylvia A. Sweeney,
4262:on 14 February 2021
4203:"About Ashes to Go"
4183:on 29 February 2012
4088:. 4 February 2016.
4085:The Catholic Herald
4031:. Catholic Herald.
4028:The Catholic Herald
3986:Bucher, Richard P.
3737:Liverpool Cathedral
3638:Church of England,
2937:on 16 February 2023
2540:Community of Christ
2516:on 14 February 2018
2458:on 21 February 2021
2399:on 14 February 2018
2366:on 14 February 2018
2294:on 14 February 2018
2240:The Wesleyan Church
2192:24 May 2014 at the
2032:Museum of the Bible
1789:on 14 February 2016
1702:Republic of Ireland
1426:ecumenical movement
1177:(Anglican Church).
1009:Saint Mary's Church
890:Liverpool Cathedral
884:ashes on the head.
864:to the Basilica of
656:Sermon on the Mount
407:Community of Christ
282:, praying a Lenten
212:, the six weeks of
6757:Liturgical colours
6271:Holy Name of Jesus
5279:Roman, Alexander.
5144:. Fortress Press.
4744:Foulkes, Richard.
4678:Bernard Reynolds,
4281:Brandon, Loretta.
3933:Scott P. Richert.
3665:Order of preachers
3456:on 4 February 2018
3429:. 21 February 2021
3059:. Wilson. p.
3001:, canon 1252 §§2–3
2905:. 27 February 2002
2801:Christianity Today
2589:. The Heidelblog.
2212:The Christian Post
2112:. The Catholic Sun
1540:
1508:Gregorian calendar
1494:
1424:ushered in by the
1422:liturgical revival
1357:
1294:
1232:books of the Bible
1095:responsorial psalm
1067:
1053:Commination Office
1011:, stated that the
966:
850:Anglican Communion
835:Occasional Offices
784:
772:
760:
738:on the evening of
519:
437:Church of Scotland
241:United Protestants
87:Service of worship
57:Western Christians
42:A cross marked in
6916:March observances
6792:
6791:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6699:according to the
6651:Maternity of Mary
6646:Autumn Ember Days
6580:Summer Ember Days
6439:
6438:
6391:Spring Ember Days
6232:Winter Ember Days
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:
5759:December 17 to 23
5632:Media related to
5477:Pope Benedict XVI
5050:Robert Chambers,
4976:British Biography
4496:(Peter Lang 2010
4287:Statesboro Herald
4159:St. Paul's Parish
4157:, and members of
3914:. 17 March 2004.
3908:"Lent and Easter"
3610:Occasional Office
3265:Good Housekeeping
3199:978-0-19-160743-1
2998:Code of Canon Law
2983:Code of Canon Law
2149:978-1-59884-206-7
2094:978-1-5018-4266-5
1989:1950. p. 33.
1863:. 22 January 2020
1608:military chaplain
1511:on 15 April in a
1400:Salisbury service
1372:Church of England
1336:Ælfric of Eynsham
1175:Church of England
1106:Church of England
986:railroad stations
942:religious freedom
846:Church of England
831:Ælfric of Eynsham
724:Congregationalist
712:Reformed Churches
425:Congregationalist
413:Reformed churches
409:also observe it.
387:United Protestant
249:Congregationalist
202:Western Christian
192:is a holy day of
187:
186:
6933:
6891:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6874:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6857:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6837:
6821:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6800:
6782:
6781:
6736:Older calendars
6636:Nativity of Mary
6567:Pentecost Season
6321:
6242:Christmas Season
6178:
6152:
6100:Nativity of Mary
5778:Christmas Season
5771:
5715:
5689:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5647:
5631:
5615:
5602:
5596:
5583:
5577:
5558:
5552:
5533:
5527:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5502:on 14 July 2012.
5488:
5482:
5481:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5276:
5270:
5254:
5248:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5077:
5071:
5062:
5056:
5052:The Book of Days
5047:
5041:
5040:
5022:
5016:
5004:
4998:
4989:
4983:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4925:
4916:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4872:
4861:
4860:
4851:Church Fathers.
4848:
4842:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4698:
4692:
4689:978-58-7386158-3
4675:
4669:
4668:
4650:
4639:
4626:
4620:
4617:978-0-19965962-3
4602:
4596:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4514:
4505:
4502:978-1-43310739-9
4488:
4479:
4478:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4382:. 4 March 2014.
4370:
4364:
4363:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4289:. Archived from
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4150:
4148:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3998:on 13 April 2014
3994:. Archived from
3983:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3969:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3872:
3866:
3854:
3848:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3799:. Archived from
3798:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3768:About.com Travel
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3707:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3673:
3672:
3657:
3651:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3602:
3589:
3583:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3553:
3547:
3535:
3526:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3450:"All About Lent"
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3351:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3058:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2929:
2925:"The Lighthouse"
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2827:Christianity.com
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2512:. Archived from
2501:
2495:
2494:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2454:. Archived from
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2362:. Archived from
2352:
2346:
2345:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2290:. Archived from
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2264:on 11 March 2019
2260:. Archived from
2250:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2202:
2196:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1906:on 17 March 2018
1905:
1899:. Archived from
1894:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1761:
1734:
1687:
1671:
1658:kneeling at the
1651:
1639:
1619:
1603:
1457:Western Orthodox
1430:Methodist Church
1364:Eleventh Edition
1306:
1303:
1165:Regional customs
708:Methodist Church
677:Lenten sacrifice
537:preparing to be
523:Lenten sacrifice
288:Lenten sacrifice
284:daily devotional
52:Observed by
40:
28:
6941:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6884:
6879:
6877:
6867:
6862:
6860:
6850:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6836:sister projects
6835:
6827:
6815:
6803:
6795:
6793:
6788:
6776:
6705:
6684:
6656:Christ the King
6624:Transfiguration
6561:
6489:
6445:Paschal Triduum
6435:
6407:
6347:
6310:
6281:Epiphany Season
6275:
6236:
6172:
6157:Tridentine Mass
6138:
6134:Christ the King
6088:Transfiguration
6040:
5961:
5922:Paschal Triduum
5916:
5846:
5828:
5772:
5763:
5709:
5683:
5681:Catholic Church
5677:Liturgical year
5674:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5612:Wayback Machine
5603:
5599:
5593:Wayback Machine
5584:
5580:
5568:Wayback Machine
5559:
5555:
5548:The Irish Times
5543:Wayback Machine
5534:
5530:
5520:Wayback Machine
5511:
5507:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5448:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5410:
5408:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5339:
5337:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5264:Wayback Machine
5255:
5251:
5240:
5236:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5183:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5152:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5108:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5063:
5059:
5048:
5044:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5014:On Google Books
5005:
5001:
4990:
4986:
4974:Joseph Towers,
4972:
4968:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4942:
4927:
4926:
4919:
4910:
4906:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4874:
4873:
4864:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4840:Wayback Machine
4827:
4823:
4813:
4811:
4808:www.arcanum.com
4802:
4801:
4797:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4771:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4683:(Рипол Классик
4676:
4672:
4652:
4651:
4642:
4637:Wayback Machine
4627:
4623:
4603:
4599:
4585:
4581:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4558:
4550:. p. 564.
4535:
4534:
4530:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4489:
4482:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4427:. Ashes to Go.
4423:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4352:Christian Today
4345:
4344:
4340:
4326:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4296:
4294:
4293:on 3 April 2014
4280:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4230:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4146:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4116:
4114:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4001:
3999:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3967:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3888:
3886:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3864:Wayback Machine
3855:
3851:
3846:Wayback Machine
3837:
3833:
3816:
3809:
3807:
3806:on 7 April 2014
3803:
3796:
3794:"Archived copy"
3792:
3787:Website of the
3786:
3779:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3743:on 7 April 2014
3731:
3730:
3726:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3676:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3648:Wayback Machine
3636:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3604:
3603:
3592:
3584:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3545:Wayback Machine
3536:
3529:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3486:
3485:
3472:
3459:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3100:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3071:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3031:
3029:
3028:on 14 July 2014
3025:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2994:
2990:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2961:www. Vatican.va
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2831:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2773:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2740:"Ash Wednesday"
2738:
2737:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2709:"Ash Wednesday"
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2510:Manila Standard
2503:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2194:Wayback Machine
2182:
2178:
2173:Wayback Machine
2161:
2157:
2150:
2136:"Ash Wednesday"
2133:
2132:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1754:Maronite Church
1735:
1731:
1726:
1710:ash and smoking
1698:
1691:
1688:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1652:
1643:
1640:
1631:
1620:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1517:Valentine's Day
1483:
1481:Lenten calendar
1477:
1420:As part of the
1317:Pope Zephyrinus
1304:
1286:
1202:
1167:
1152:In some of the
1150:
1119:The Commination
1115:The Commination
1083:Catholic Church
1055:
1039:church building
950:
932:as a fixative.
752:
744:Catholic Church
740:Maundy Thursday
704:Anglican Church
700:Lutheran Church
696:Moravian Church
685:
673:Moravian Church
671:Members of the
516:Brooklyn Museum
501:
495:
490:
379:Moravian Church
328:
299:church services
286:, and making a
280:Lenten calendar
180:
176:
172:
164:
154:Related to
106:46 days before
97:
89:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6939:
6937:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6898:
6897:
6893:
6892:
6875:
6873:from Wikiquote
6858:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6813:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6733:
6732:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6675:All Souls' Day
6672:
6671:
6670:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6614:Precious Blood
6611:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6591:Corpus Christi
6587:
6585:Trinity Sunday
6582:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6552:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6499:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6421:Passion Sunday
6417:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6393:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6227:Greater Ferias
6224:
6217:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6186:
6184:
6174:
6173:
6155:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6124:All Souls' Day
6121:
6120:
6119:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6090:
6085:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6060:Corpus Christi
6056:
6054:Trinity Sunday
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5971:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5782:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5723:
5721:
5711:
5710:
5692:
5685:
5684:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5637:
5623:
5622:External links
5620:
5617:
5616:
5597:
5578:
5573:Irish Examiner
5553:
5545:Alison Healy,
5528:
5505:
5483:
5458:
5430:
5418:
5392:
5369:
5351:
5321:
5298:
5271:
5249:
5234:
5216:
5210:. p. 98.
5192:
5181:
5161:
5150:
5130:
5098:
5091:
5072:
5069:(1805), p. 119
5057:
5054:(1862), p. 240
5042:
5017:
4999:
4984:
4966:
4951:
4940:
4917:
4904:
4895:"Fr. Saunders"
4886:
4862:
4843:
4821:
4810:(in Hungarian)
4795:
4776:
4769:
4751:
4736:
4714:
4693:
4670:
4640:
4621:
4597:
4579:
4563:
4556:
4528:
4506:
4504:), pp. 107–110
4480:
4464:
4454:
4434:
4416:
4401:
4365:
4338:
4308:
4273:
4242:
4212:
4194:
4165:
4127:
4098:
4068:
4045:
4013:
3978:
3948:
3925:
3899:
3867:
3849:
3831:
3777:
3754:
3724:
3699:
3690:
3674:
3652:
3627:
3590:
3575:
3548:
3527:
3510:
3498:
3470:
3440:
3414:
3399:Fenton, John.
3391:
3369:
3362:
3336:
3321:
3307:
3293:on 12 May 2021
3278:
3250:
3227:
3205:
3198:
3180:
3162:
3137:
3127:
3109:
3098:
3080:
3069:
3043:
3003:
2988:
2973:
2948:
2916:
2890:
2871:
2860:
2842:
2814:
2781:
2771:
2753:
2726:
2697:
2690:
2670:
2647:
2632:, ed. (1911).
2630:Chisholm, Hugh
2614:
2600:
2594:sola scriptura
2577:
2557:
2527:
2496:
2489:
2469:
2435:
2410:
2377:
2347:
2324:
2305:
2275:
2245:
2226:
2197:
2176:
2164:Il Sussidiario
2155:
2148:
2123:
2100:
2093:
2075:
2068:
2048:
2018:
1992:
1974:
1963:on 12 May 2021
1945:
1938:
1917:
1877:
1848:
1829:
1800:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1750:Ambrosian Rite
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1718:No Smoking Day
1714:United Kingdom
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1676:Divine Service
1673:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1576:High Holy Days
1556:Matthew 4:1–11
1498:moveable feast
1476:
1473:
1469:Ambrosian Rite
1415:Jack Kingsbury
1392:Thomas Cranmer
1285:
1282:
1254:Book of Esther
1210:2 Samuel 13:19
1201:
1198:
1166:
1163:
1149:
1146:
1136:Sarum services
1123:ancient Church
1071:church service
1054:
1051:
1001:United Kingdom
949:
946:
909:excommunicated
858:Bishop of Rome
797:Pope Gregory I
751:
748:
736:Easter Triduum
684:
681:
613:Ambrosian Rite
535:new Christians
497:Main article:
494:
491:
489:
486:
327:
324:
322:celebrations.
206:Shrove Tuesday
185:
184:
158:Shrove Tuesday
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
138:2026 date
135:
134:
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130:2025 date
127:
126:
123:
122:2024 date
119:
118:
115:
114:2023 date
111:
110:
104:
100:
99:
79:Divine Service
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6938:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6890:from Wikidata
6889:
6888:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6842:
6838:
6832:
6831:Ash Wednesday
6824:
6819:
6814:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6798:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6727:marks the 10
6726:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6687:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6551:
6550:Rogation Days
6548:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6503:Easter Sunday
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6495:Easter Season
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6480:Holy Saturday
6478:
6476:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6458:Holy Thursday
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
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6416:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6361:Ash Wednesday
6359:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6343:Quinquagesima
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
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6291:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6257:Christmas Eve
6255:
6254:
6253:
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6248:
6247:
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6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
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6218:
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6209:
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6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
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6187:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6170:
6169:1960 Calendar
6166:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6149:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6106:
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6101:
6098:
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6095:
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6089:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6046:Ordinary Time
6043:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5975:Easter Sunday
5973:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5967:Easter Season
5964:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5952:Holy Saturday
5950:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5930:Holy Thursday
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5860:Ash Wednesday
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5834:Ordinary Time
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5798:Midnight Mass
5796:
5794:
5793:Christmas Eve
5791:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5770:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5706:1969 Calendar
5703:
5699:
5695:
5694:Ordinary Form
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5634:Ash Wednesday
5630:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5601:
5598:
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5587:
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5514:
5509:
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5501:
5497:
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5484:
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5468:
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5446:
5441:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5419:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5384:
5380:
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5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5299:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5219:
5217:9781118052273
5213:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5182:9780788008214
5178:
5174:
5173:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5153:
5151:9780800640934
5147:
5143:
5142:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5092:9780898690613
5088:
5084:
5083:
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5073:
5070:
5068:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:John Strype,
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4941:9780687044542
4937:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4908:
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4900:
4896:
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4871:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:On Repentance
4825:
4822:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4770:9780472086610
4766:
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4667:
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4657:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4628:Full text at
4625:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4605:"Commination"
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4583:
4580:
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4564:
4559:
4557:9780199723898
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4455:9781426731303
4451:
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3762:Bernd Biege.
3758:
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3640:Lent Material
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3487:Zenit Staff.
3483:
3481:
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3475:
3471:
3467:
3455:
3451:
3448:Akin, James.
3444:
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1491:
1490:Ash Wednesday
1487:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1442:denominations
1439:
1435:
1431:
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1423:
1418:
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1412:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
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1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1352:: the end of
1351:
1350:Carl Spitzweg
1347:
1346:Ash Wednesday
1343:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1299:
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1207:
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1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:Victorian era
1164:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:A Commination
1076:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
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970:United States
963:
959:
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926:
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741:
737:
733:
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725:
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713:
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705:
701:
697:
693:
692:Holy Saturday
688:
682:
680:
678:
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669:
664:
659:
657:
653:
648:
646:
645:Christmastide
642:
638:
637:
632:
631:
624:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
574:Lenten supper
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
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211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:Ash Wednesday
183:
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175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
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128:
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120:
116:
112:
109:
108:Easter Sunday
105:
101:
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80:
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31:Ash Wednesday
29:
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6868:
6856:from Commons
6851:
6830:
6811:Christianity
6772:Easter cycle
6724:
6701:Roman Ritual
6660:
6628:
6606:
6597:Sacred Heart
6589:
6554:
6485:Easter Vigil
6403:Annunciation
6397:Saint Joseph
6395:
6360:
6333:Septuagesima
6288:
6263:
6249:
6219:
6165:Latin Church
6109:
6092:
6080:
6066:Sacred Heart
6058:
6028:
5957:Easter Vigil
5902:Annunciation
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5816:
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5785:
5751:
5702:Latin Church
5600:
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5500:the original
5496:Dáil Éireann
5495:
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5443:
5433:
5421:
5409:. Retrieved
5395:
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5338:. Retrieved
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5311:
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5289:. Retrieved
5281:"on Fasting"
5274:
5267:
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5221:. Retrieved
5202:
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4987:
4981:Google Books
4975:
4969:
4960:
4954:
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4824:
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4807:
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4588:
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4541:
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4467:
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4291:the original
4286:
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4260:the original
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4181:the original
4152:
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4130:
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4101:
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4062:
4048:
4036:
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4000:. Retrieved
3996:the original
3981:
3973:
3966:. Retrieved
3951:
3938:
3928:
3919:
3911:
3902:
3894:
3887:. Retrieved
3879:
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3801:the original
3767:
3757:
3745:. Retrieved
3741:the original
3727:
3714:
3693:
3664:
3655:
3639:
3618:. Retrieved
3609:
3585:
3566:. Retrieved
3551:
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3465:
3458:. Retrieved
3454:the original
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3372:
3347:
3339:
3330:
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3315:
3310:
3302:
3295:. Retrieved
3291:the original
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3263:
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3208:
3189:
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3174:
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3083:
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3037:
3030:. Retrieved
3023:the original
2995:
2991:
2985:, canon 1251
2980:
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2960:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2932:the original
2919:
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2893:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2865:
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2837:
2830:. Retrieved
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2799:
2776:
2762:
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2743:
2717:. Retrieved
2680:
2673:
2660:
2650:
2639:
2608:
2603:
2593:
2590:
2580:
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2567:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2539:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:the original
2509:
2499:
2479:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:the original
2444:Richard Bott
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2394:the original
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:the original
2359:
2350:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:the original
2287:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:the original
2257:
2248:
2239:
2229:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2184:
2179:
2163:
2158:
2139:
2114:. Retrieved
2103:
2084:
2078:
2058:
2051:
2042:
2035:. Retrieved
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
1995:
1982:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1929:
1908:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1872:
1865:. Retrieved
1851:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1791:. Retrieved
1787:the original
1776:
1746:Clean Monday
1732:
1699:
1580:Rosh Chodesh
1560:Mark 1:12–13
1541:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1466:
1446:
1419:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1384:Ten Articles
1361:
1358:
1345:
1325:
1321:
1295:
1234:, including
1229:
1221:
1203:
1186:
1179:
1168:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1099:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1036:
1029:
998:
978:city centres
967:
934:
922:
916:
912:
905:sacramentals
898:
894:
886:
877:Roman Missal
870:
866:Santa Sabina
843:
834:
828:
824:
816:Adam and Eve
801:
792:
785:
720:Presbyterian
689:
686:
670:
666:
661:
649:
634:
629:
625:
620:
617:
611:. Where the
609:Easter Vigil
582:
570:Vrat Vibhuti
569:
555:
543:
520:
512:James Tissot
507:
478:Western Rite
474:Clean Monday
463:
458:
433:Presbyterian
411:
336:Latin Church
329:
296:
273:
271:traditions.
257:Presbyterian
222:
189:
188:
83:Holy Qurbana
25:
6725:Italic font
6475:Good Friday
6463:Chrism Mass
6426:Palm Sunday
6413:Passiontide
6296:Holy Family
6215:Rorate Mass
5947:Good Friday
5935:Chrism Mass
5907:Palm Sunday
5805:Holy Family
5208:For Dummies
4833:, chapter 9
4238:tradition."
3568:17 February
3271:19 February
2966:28 February
2941:17 February
2909:28 February
2832:16 February
2807:14 February
2550:14 February
2520:14 February
2462:17 February
2428:14 February
2403:14 February
2370:14 February
2298:14 February
2037:16 February
1967:17 February
1867:14 February
1656:confirmands
1572:Golden calf
1564:Luke 4:1–13
1534:and purple
1532:altar cross
1159:altar table
1063:altar cross
1017:fallen away
948:Ashes to Go
925:Palm Sunday
804:1969 missal
597:Good Friday
578:parish hall
488:Observances
373:, and some
361:(including
343:Protestants
320:Palm Sunday
316:palm leaves
259:churches),
141:18 February
125:14 February
117:22 February
71:Observances
6900:Categories
6870:Quotations
6750:Tridentine
6630:Assumption
6619:Visitation
6338:Sexagesima
6161:Roman Rite
6094:Assumption
6071:Visitation
5698:Roman Rite
5411:29 October
4538:"Glossary"
2222:followers.
2006:Sojourners
1768:References
1756:, and the
1628:Strasbourg
1587:Yom Kippur
1434:Anabaptist
1376:Henry VIII
1305: 160
1298:Tertullian
1154:low church
1032:Glenamaddy
1025:Statesboro
1013:ecumenical
1005:Sunderland
994:evangelism
962:Boca Raton
901:sacraments
808:Roman Rite
641:abstinence
593:repentance
589:abstinence
551:Black Fast
472:begins on
470:Great Lent
405:, and the
397:(USA) and
375:Mennonites
359:Methodists
307:repentance
292:Eastertide
182:Eastertide
166:Shrovetide
162:Mardi Gras
95:abstinence
6921:Wednesday
6575:Pentecost
6556:Ascension
6431:Holy Week
6251:Christmas
6036:Pentecost
6030:Ascension
5912:Holy Week
5787:Christmas
5388:Cineres".
5188:quarters.
5157:churches.
4691:), p. 431
4226:USA Today
4112:USA Today
4064:foremost.
1742:Holy Week
1712:. In the
1536:paraments
1513:leap year
1380:Edward VI
1309:sackcloth
1225:Maccabees
982:sidewalks
930:olive oil
913:celebrate
820:their sin
694:(in the
367:Wesleyans
363:Nazarenes
351:Anglicans
347:Lutherans
339:Catholics
265:Methodist
237:Anglicans
233:Moravians
229:Lutherans
225:Catholics
214:penitence
146:Frequency
75:Holy Mass
66:Christian
6823:Holidays
6767:Computus
6745:pre-1955
6453:Tenebrae
6365:Sundays
6325:Pre-Lent
6290:Epiphany
6189:Sundays
5986:Sundays
5864:Sundays
5818:Epiphany
5726:Sundays
5608:Archived
5589:Archived
5564:Archived
5539:Archived
5516:Archived
5471:Archived
5451:23 March
5405:Archived
5383:Archived
5364:Archived
5334:Archived
5316:Archived
5291:14 April
5285:Archived
5260:Archived
5121:Archived
4899:Archived
4881:Archived
4857:Archived
4836:Archived
4814:24 March
4731:Archived
4633:Archived
4429:Archived
4384:Archived
4356:Archived
4334:Capitol.
4321:Archived
4207:Archived
4141:Archived
4090:Archived
4059:Archived
4033:Archived
3962:Archived
3943:Archived
3916:Archived
3860:Archived
3842:Archived
3820:cite web
3772:Archived
3719:Archived
3669:Archived
3650:, p. 230
3644:Archived
3614:Archived
3562:Archived
3541:Archived
3493:Archived
3039:digiuno.
2748:Archived
2719:13 March
2665:Archived
2544:Archived
2342:Archived
2268:11 March
2217:Archived
2190:Archived
2169:Archived
2116:10 April
2011:17 March
1910:17 March
1822:13 March
1793:13 March
1438:Reformed
1354:Carnival
1313:Eusebius
1141:Miserere
1131:Miserere
1075:Miserere
1003:such as
974:churches
958:Anglican
780:Anglican
663:Gospels.
562:Pakistan
539:baptized
447:and the
417:Baptists
355:Baptists
311:biblical
269:Nazarene
245:Reformed
200:in many
170:Carnival
6797:Portals
6762:Ranking
6163:of the
6159:of the
5700:of the
5696:of the
5679:of the
5445:Rappler
5230:others.
5223:8 March
4523:YouTube
4413:. WKYC.
4397:method.
4390:2 April
4327:2 April
4297:3 April
4266:2 April
4231:2 April
4187:2 April
4147:2 April
4117:2 April
4002:2 April
3968:2 April
3889:7 March
3810:4 April
3747:2 April
3620:2 April
3460:3 March
3433:8 March
3407:3 March
3384:8 March
3297:8 March
3243:1 March
3220:1 March
3158:Judica.
2867:sunset.
1700:In the
1678:, 2017
1593:Gallery
1552:tempted
1528:chancel
1467:In the
1268:Matthew
1261:Hebrews
1236:Numbers
1189:Hungary
1182:Iceland
1169:In the
990:Lombard
917:receive
873:servers
837:of the
806:of the
802:In the
789:Genesis
742:in the
601:mammals
585:fasting
566:fasting
369:), the
357:, many
353:, some
276:fasting
261:Baptist
216:before
198:fasting
133:5 March
91:Fasting
6721:Legend
6692:Legend
6508:Octave
6182:Advent
5980:Octave
5719:Advent
5576:, 2006
5551:, 2009
5526:, 2008
5340:9 June
5214:
5179:
5148:
5089:
4938:
4767:
4687:
4615:
4554:
4500:
4452:
4009:faith.
3360:
3196:
3125:
3096:
3067:
3032:9 June
2858:
2769:
2715:. 2018
2688:
2487:
2185:Sapere
2146:
2091:
2066:
1936:
1818:. 2018
1662:, 2016
1630:, 2014
1562:, and
1259:, and
1217:42:5–6
1193:Csángó
1047:church
1043:Canton
856:, the
818:after
812:Mark 1
730:, and
482:Pascha
443:, the
439:, the
431:, and
393:, the
377:. The
255:, and
239:, and
218:Easter
194:prayer
178:Easter
149:Annual
6853:Media
5116:Salon
3804:(PDF)
3797:(PDF)
3523:Latin
3026:(PDF)
3019:(PDF)
2996:1917
2981:1983
2935:(PDF)
2928:(PDF)
2397:(PDF)
2390:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1893:(PDF)
1724:Notes
1578:from
1568:Moses
1475:Dates
1278:10:13
1271:11:21
1247:Jonah
1243:19:17
1206:Tamar
1087:Lauds
750:Ashes
628:1662
558:India
345:like
55:Many
6911:Lent
6887:Data
6740:1955
6695:P =
6353:Lent
6316:Lent
5852:Lent
5453:2024
5413:2012
5342:2014
5293:2014
5225:2011
5212:ISBN
5177:ISBN
5146:ISBN
5141:Lent
5087:ISBN
4936:ISBN
4816:2024
4765:ISBN
4685:ISBN
4613:ISBN
4552:ISBN
4498:ISBN
4450:ISBN
4392:2014
4329:2014
4299:2014
4268:2014
4233:2014
4189:2014
4149:2014
4119:2014
4004:2014
3970:2014
3891:2019
3826:link
3812:2014
3749:2014
3622:2014
3570:2015
3519:homo
3462:2014
3435:2021
3409:2014
3386:2021
3358:ISBN
3299:2021
3273:2021
3245:2017
3222:2017
3194:ISBN
3123:ISBN
3094:ISBN
3065:ISBN
3034:2014
2968:2020
2943:2021
2911:2018
2856:ISBN
2834:2021
2809:2018
2767:ISBN
2721:2018
2686:ISBN
2552:2018
2522:2018
2485:ISBN
2464:2021
2430:2018
2405:2018
2372:2018
2300:2018
2270:2019
2144:ISBN
2118:2022
2089:ISBN
2064:ISBN
2039:2024
2013:2019
1969:2021
1934:ISBN
1912:2018
1869:2024
1824:2018
1795:2018
1583:Elul
1548:pray
1546:and
1544:fast
1526:The
1447:The
1436:and
1328:Lent
1275:Luke
1273:and
1264:9:13
1239:19:9
984:and
956:Two
881:Mass
854:Pope
722:and
605:fowl
603:and
560:and
546:pray
527:Lent
464:The
415:and
381:and
365:and
267:and
210:Lent
196:and
174:Lent
103:Date
93:and
63:Type
6543:6th
6538:5th
6533:4th
6528:3rd
6523:2nd
6518:1st
6384:4th
6379:3rd
6374:2nd
6369:1st
6208:4th
6203:3rd
6198:2nd
6193:1st
6022:7th
6017:6th
6012:5th
6007:4th
6002:3rd
5990:2nd
5888:5th
5883:4th
5878:3rd
5873:2nd
5868:1st
5745:4th
5740:3rd
5735:2nd
5730:1st
5034:163
4661:110
4256:TV2
3153:110
3061:163
1589:.)
1585:to
1348:by
1257:4:1
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