1838:
1277:
1901:
1781:
1820:
1215:
809:, mourning for Husayn is viewed as an act of protest against oppression, a struggle for God, and a means of securing the intercession of Husayn in the afterlife. Ashura is observed through mourning gatherings, processions, and dramatic reenactments. In such ceremonies, Shia mourners strike their chests to share in the pain of Husayn. Extreme self-flagellation, often involving self-inflicted bloodshed, remains controversial among the Shia, condemned by many Shia clerics, and outlawed in some Shia communities. Ashura has sometimes been an occasion for sectarian violence, particularly against the Shia minority.
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shore, and in
Lebanon. On Ashura, always the "martyrdom of Husayn" is reenacted in such performances. In Karbala, an annual performance on Ashura reenacts the burning of Husayn's tents after the battle by the Umayyads and the captivity of the women and children. During Muharram, especially on Ashura,
1135:
also commonly commemorated the death of Husayn, more so in the earlier times, despite its variance with the views of the Sunni elite. For Sufis, rather than a tragedy, Ashura celebrates the eternal life of Husayn and his companions, who annihilated themselves in the Divine with their martyrdom.
1148:
rejects both mourning and celebrating on Ashura because, he contends, neither was practiced by
Muhammad. Ibn Taymiyya does, however, encourage fasting on Ashura to emulate Muhammad. The Islamicist M. Katz questions the judgment of Ibn Taymiyya for not taking into account the Sunni reports that
1249:
In Shia Islam, Karbala symbolizes the eternal struggle between good and evil, the pinnacle of self-sacrifice, and the ultimate sabotage of
Muhammad's prophetic mission. Historically, the event served to crystallize the Shia community into a distinct sect and remains an integral part of their
1196:. The battle followed failed negotiations and Husayn's refusal to pledge his allegiance to Yazid, who is often portrayed by Muslim historians as impious and immoral. The fight took place in the desert land of Karbala, en route to the nearby
1780:
1230:
Ashura is a day of mourning and grief for Shia
Muslims. It was observed as such by their imams, who also frequently encouraged the Shia community to follow suit. For instance, a tradition attributed to the Shia imam
756:
and other acceptable expressions of joy. In some Sunni communities, the annual Ashura festivities include carnivals, bonfires, and special dishes, even though some Sunni scholars have criticized such practices.
1168:
In Shia Islam, Ashura commemorates the death of Husayn ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson and the third Shia imam. Husayn was killed, alongside most of his male relatives and his small retinue, on 10 Muharram 61
1036:
In Sunni Islam, ninth and tenth of
Muharram are days for voluntary fasting, strongly encouraged by Sunni jurists. While not endorsed by all Sunni scholars, Ashura is further viewed as a day of thanksgiving
1978:
1554:
456:
1900:
1246:
that mark Ashura as a joyful occasion. Indeed, traditions attributed to the Shia imams forbid fasting on this day, and promise eternal punishment for those who celebrate Ashura as a day of blessing.
916:
as the month of fasting. It also seems improbable that Ashura initially coincided with the tenth of
Muharram. Instead, Ashura was probably observed at first on the tenth of the first Jewish month of
1837:
1819:
1425:), in which the participants strike themselves, usually on the forehead or back, with knives, swords, or chains to which razor blades are attached. Banned in Iran and the Shia communities of
1055:
in 680. Such Sunni festivities either developed in response to Shia customs on Ashura or with the influence of pre-Islamic traditions. In line with the former view, under the
Umayyad caliph
1482:
march in
Karbala, male and then female mourners walk barefoot to the shrine of Husayn in the afternoon of Ashura. Depending on the region, processions carry symbolic objects, such as
5292:
1127:, for instance, Ashura is celebrated today through fasting, almsgiving, honoring the dead, special dishes, jumping over bonfires, and carnivals. Nevertheless, particularly in
5518:
1043:) to God, a joyous occasion, celebrated through pious acts and acceptable expressions of delight. Ashura is thus an important festival for many Sunnis, in contrast to the
1563:
Ashura has sometimes been an occasion for Sunni violence against Shia
Muslims, who are often a minority in Muslim communities. In India, for instance, the Sunni activist
4780:
1302:. Most rituals take place during the first ten days of Muharram, culminating on Ashura with processions in major Shia cities. The main component of ritual ceremonies (
1986:
6760:
749:
was released from prison, among various other auspicious events having occurred on Ashura according to Sunni tradition. Ashura is celebrated in Sunni Islam through
461:
4397:
4802:
944:
calendars diverged. In turn, the calendars began to diverge when
Muhammad forbade Jewish-type calendar adjustments in connection with verse 9:37 of the Quran.
1123:), to whom a questioner wrote, observing that people are joyful on Ashura; they bathe, adorn themselves, shake hands with each other, and cook grains. In the
5646:
5402:
4098:
Pinault, D. (2000). "Zaynab bin 'Ali and the Place of the Women of the Households of the First Imāms in Shī'ite Devotional Literature". In Hambly, G. (ed.).
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since the mid-90s, instrumental self-flagellation has been condemned by many Shia clerics, and it remains an often controversial practice among the Shia.
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traditions. Alternatively, there are traditions in canonical Sunni collections that describe fasting on Ashura as a pre-Islamic practice among the
6785:
1276:
1242:) describes Ashura as a day of grieving and somber resignation from material affairs. Shia tradition also dismisses as fabricated those Sunni
900:. Although it remained optional, fasting on Ashura ceased to be a religious obligation after about a year when the relations with the Medinan
4278:
5278:
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1383:. Another component of mourning gatherings is the self-flagellation of participants to the rhythm of Karbala elegies. Rooted in ancient
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religious identity to date. On the one hand, mourners share in the pain of Husayn and hope to benefit from his intercession on the
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Theater State and the Formation of Early Modern Public Sphere in Iran: Studies on Safavid Muharram Rituals, 1590–1641 CE
6052:
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5888:
6755:
5388:
5334:
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793:) and was subsequently killed, alongside most of his male relatives and his small retinue, by the Umayyad army in the
3753:"The Mourning of History and the History of Mourning: The Evolution of Ritual Commemoration of the Battle of Karbala"
1715:
1578:, which are buildings dedicated to ritual mourning. Some terrorist attacks against Ashura services are listed below.
3907:
6775:
6740:
5257:
indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in Algeria, which often represent the major celebrations of the month.
5072:
5054:
4818:
1476:) march the streets, chanting dirges and elegies, sometimes accompanied by self-flagellation. For instance, in the
635:
220:
4612:
3570:
Crow, D.K. (2016). "The Death of al-Ḥusayn b. 'Alī and Early Shī'ī Views of the Imamate". In Kohlberg, E. (ed.).
1112:
Whatever the case is for their origins, such festivities were firmly established by the time of the Sunni jurist
6126:
6064:
6040:
5876:
5854:
5783:
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3371:
Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
4759:
1098:
776:
604:
116:
3307:
1149:
Muhammad fasted to celebrate Ashura, suggesting that Ibn Taymiyya has stripped fasting of its higher meaning.
3448:
3018:
5436:
4984:
1056:
940:). The association of Ashura with the tenth of Muharram thus happened later, some time after the Jewish and
35:
3224:
1574:) preached against Ashura rituals and, probably with some exaggeration, boasted of destroying thousands of
1254:. On the other, they view mourning for Husayn as an act of protest against oppression, a struggle for God (
1188:. After the battle, the women and children in Husayn's camp were taken prisoner and marched to the capital
5319:
1251:
979:
722:
505:
501:
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The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century
3094:
336:
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5369:
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6565:
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4936:
4736:
4439:
4406:
4221:"Beyond the Karbala Paradigm: Rethinking Revolution and Redemption in Twelver Shi'a Mourning Rituals"
3787:
1953:
1611:
1545:
represents the ensign of Husayn in Karbala, while the last three objects symbolize his bier or tomb.
1271:
1209:
659:
471:
151:
125:
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1665:
1625:
2011: Multiple bomb explosions in Ashura processions, Central Iraq, 6 December, 30 people killed.
1564:
1291:
1066:), Ashura was celebrated as a festive public holiday to counter the commemoration of Husayn. The
511:
492:
371:
4859:
4077:
3202:
1405:), are common today in Shia communities. But there are also extreme forms of self-flagellation (
1298:, Shia Muslims annually commemorate the events of Karbala throughout the months of Muharram and
6145:
5829:
5513:
3148:
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6515:
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5995:
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4274:
4204:
4171:
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4035:
4032:
Female Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam
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Redemptive Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism
1387:
practices, mild forms of self-flagellation, that is, striking one's face and chest in grief (
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6384:
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5951:
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599:
482:
451:
252:
242:
207:
161:
137:
57:
6274:
4018:
3613:
D'Souza, D. (1998). "The Figure of Zaynab in Shi'i Devotional Life". In Singh, D.E. (ed.).
3408:
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was freed from the fish that had swallowed him. Fasting on the ninth of Muharram, known as
6770:
6678:
6475:
6470:
6409:
6399:
6379:
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5565:
5010:
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4764:
4454:
3831:
1219:
995:
827:
746:
698:
683:
652:
5036:
4991:
4302:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
4123:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
3543:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
3510:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
3336:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
1558:
1184:), having been surrounded for some days and deprived of the drinking water of the nearby
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6017:
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4716:
4706:
4433:
1958:
1131:, some Sunnis participated in the Shia rituals on Ashura, at least until modern times.
1048:
1007:
976:
964:. Some early Sunni traditions, many classified as unreliable, possibly invented by the
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3519:
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1604:, Karbala and Najaf, Iraq, 2 March, over 180 Shia worshipers killed and 5000 injured.
1509:
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987:
983:
742:
738:
541:
477:
364:
4338:
Sivan, E. (1989). "Sunni Radicalism in the Middle East and the Iranian Revolution".
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2008: Two separate attacks on Ashura processions, Iraq, 19 January, 9 people killed.
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5678:
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5113:
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1979:"Ashura 2024: Dates in India, Saudi Arabia, UAE, US, UK, Iran, and other countries"
1939:
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581:
354:
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Afghanistan's President Says Death Toll From Shrine Blast Has Risen to at Least 80
3571:
1173:(10 October 680) in the Battle of Karbala against the army of the Umayyad caliph
6460:
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88:
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Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning as they annually commemorate the death of
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Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
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Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
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deteriorated. This transition is often associated with verses 2:183–5 of the
30:
This article is about the Islamic holy day. For the traditional dessert, see
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6606:
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5834:
5137:
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4769:
4151:
3315:. Vol. 1 (Second ed.). MacMillan Reference USA. pp. 549–550.
1892:
1732:
1432:
1351:), all intended to raise the sympathy of audience and move them to tears. A
1185:
6239:
4191:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
3859:"Community Process and the Performance of Muharram Observances in Trinidad"
3665:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
3256:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
1948:
1445:
Another mourning ritual is the dramatic reenactment of Karbala narratives (
1357:
often takes place in a dedicated building or structure, known variously as
1011:
6697:
4237:
2927:"Sipah-E-Sahaba Pakistan, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Bin Laden & Ramzi Yousef"
1741:
862:, a month in which fighting has been forbidden since before the advent of
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6596:
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5958:
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896:, perhaps signifying Muhammad's sense of a shared prophetic mission with
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17:
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Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity Among the Daudi Bohras
1014:, was a later addition, probably to distinguish Muslims from Jews.
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The Birth of the Prophet Muḥammad: Devotional piety in Sunni Islam
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1633:
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1431:
1384:
1299:
1257:
1213:
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909:
905:
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779:. Husayn refused on moral grounds to pledge his allegiance to the
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556:
331:
270:
129:
1200:, whose residents had invited Husayn to lead them against Yazid.
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Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety
3204:
The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran
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1197:
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806:
734:
531:
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4379:
1555:
List of terrorist attacks against Shia mourners during Muharram
5790:
1094:
1047:, who mourn on this day the slaughter of Muhammad's grandson,
3758:
Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
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word meaning 'tenth'. It may have also been derived from the
5611:
3695:(2010). "Ashura". In Gordon Melton, J.; Baumann, M. (eds.).
3172:"Hijri to Gregorian Date Converter - Islamic Date Converter"
2463:
2461:
1089:. Another instance is the reenactment by a Sunni mob of the
4079:
The Shiites: Ritual and Popular Piety in a Muslim Community
3995:"An Attempt to Trace the Origin of the Rituals of 'Āshūrā'"
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
3596:
The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam
2776:
2774:
1272:
Mourning of Muharram § Muharram rituals in Shia Islam
975:), link Ashura to various auspicious events: On this day,
2368:
2366:
1906:
Ashura reenactment of the burning of Husayn's tents, Iran
3120:"Dhaka blasts: One dead in attack on Shia Ashura ritual"
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2090:
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2086:
3745:(Second ed.). Oriental Books Reprint Corporation.
2955:"Blasts at Shia Ceremonies in Iraq Kill More Than 140"
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2635:
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tribe, in which Muhammad also partook while he was in
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1318:
3931:
Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900
3895:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali i. Life and Significance in Shi'ism"
3642:
Islamic Images and Ideas: Essays on Sacred Symbolism
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6574:
6423:
6325:
6227:
6191:
6016:
5752:
5622:
5419:
5163:
5124:
5105:
5082:
5065:
5046:
5021:
5002:
4969:
4922:
4875:
4852:
4825:
4664:
4643:
4586:
4515:
4494:
4473:
4425:
4413:
3019:"Pakistan Taliban says carried out Karachi bombing"
2165:
2163:
2018:
2016:
1664:, corresponds to a different day every year in the
1651:, 24 October, one worshipper killed and 80 injured.
1144:In response to an inquiry about their legal basis,
202:
194:
186:
178:
167:
143:
96:
78:
70:
45:
4819:Holidays, observances, and celebrations in Algeria
4297:
4258:
4219:
4186:
4155:
4118:
4076:
4053:
3971:
3835:
3809:
3786:
3751:
3738:
3715:
3660:
3635:
3616:Spiritual Traditions: Essential Visions for Living
3538:
3505:
3447:
3364:
3331:
3306:
3251:
3228:
3201:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1630:Two separate bomb explosions among Ashura mourners
1006:, and Adam were born, Muhammad was conceived, and
952:A similar origin story for Ashura appears in some
3789:Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory
3619:. United Theological College. pp. 201–225.
3095:"Blasts across Afghanistan target Shia, 59 dead"
4261:Handbook of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Lives
3914:(Second ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. 210–212.
3699:(Second ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. 210–212.
2876:
2864:
2062:
1640:, 6 December, 80 people killed and 160 injured.
1622:, 28 December, 43 people killed and 60 injured.
462:Sermon of Zaynab bint Ali in the court of Yazid
3045:"Deadly bomb attacks on Shia pilgrims in Iraq"
2929:. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009.
1317:) is the narration of the stories of Karbala (
5396:
5286:
4796:
4620:
4391:
3644:. McFarland & Company. pp. 228–250.
2888:
2181:
1796:s, signifying the ensign of Husayn in Karbala
1331:), and the recitation of elegies and dirges (
660:
372:
8:
4340:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2833:
2037:
4257:. In Woodward, M.; Lukens-Bull, R. (eds.).
2780:
2690:
2626:
1582:1940: Bomb thrown at an Ashura procession,
1515:
1491:
1459:), practiced today in Iran, in the western
925:
5403:
5389:
5381:
5293:
5279:
5271:
4803:
4789:
4781:
4627:
4613:
4605:
4398:
4384:
4376:
3235:. Vol. 2. Praeger. pp. 111–124.
3149:"The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia"
2852:
2809:
2515:
2268:
667:
653:
390:
379:
365:
215:
56:
42:
27:Tenth day of the Islamic month of Muharram
4152:"A History of (Safavid) Muharram Rituals"
2912:
2741:
457:Casualties of Husayn's caravan in Karbala
3225:"The Passion of 'Ashura in Shiite Islam"
2372:
2357:
2077:
1670:
1275:
1210:Mourning of Muharram § Significance
6669:
3974:Islam and Revolution in the Middle East
3910:. In Melton, J.G.; Baumann, M. (eds.).
3473:"Shia Muslim Processional Performances"
3435:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali ii. In Popular Shi'ism"
2979:
2900:
2765:
2726:
2678:
2666:
2645:
2527:
2387:
2333:
2256:
2232:
1970:
1891:on Ashura in a mock funeral of Husayn,
1711:
398:
227:
6761:People killed at the Battle of Karbala
4060:. State University of New York Press.
3598:. State University of New York Press.
2932:
2797:
2753:
2714:
2602:
2590:
2566:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2428:
2399:
2345:
2285:
2244:
2137:
2110:
2098:
1612:Bomb explosion in an Ashura procession
1591:Bomb explosion in the Imam Reza shrine
4296:Wensinck, A.J.; Marçais, Ph. (2012).
3166:
3164:
3162:
2821:
2702:
2614:
2578:
2554:
2542:
2467:
2452:
2440:
2416:
2321:
2297:
2122:
1309:
706:. It occurs annually on the tenth of
697:
7:
3901:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 493–498.
3857:Korom, F.J.; Chelkowski, P. (1994).
3441:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 498–502.
3428:. Vol. III/2. pp. 174–177.
3093:Harooni, Mirwais (6 December 2011).
2309:
2220:
2205:
2193:
2169:
2154:
2022:
1262:), and as such an act of worship.
854:, Ashura refers to the tenth day of
467:Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus
3456:. Facts on File. pp. 319–321.
2993:"Iraqi Shia pilgrims mark holy day"
1643:2015: Bomb explosions in a mosque,
687:
3415:. Vol. I/8. pp. 785–791.
3208:. University of Washington Press.
1597:, Iran, 20 June, 20 people killed.
1218:Ashura demonstrations against the
25:
5090:International Day of Non-Violence
4056:Muhammad and the Origins of Islam
3407:Calmard, J.; Allan, J.W. (1985).
1660:Ashura, tenth of Muharram in the
1290:In addition to pilgrimage to the
888:after his arrival in the city of
842:. It shares the same root as the
6708:
6696:
6684:
6672:
5302:
4812:
4312:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0068
4226:Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies
4133:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5426
3553:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6256
3520:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7476
3346:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0068
1932:
1918:
1899:
1877:
1854:
1836:
1818:
1801:
1779:
1764:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1714:
908:, the central religious text in
348:
4201:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23081
3675:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27156
3392:. University of Chicago Press.
3266:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23855
1813:of an Ashura procession in Iran
1549:Terrorist attacks during Ashura
1179:
1076:
1061:
1051:, and his small retinue in the
970:
788:
702:) is a day of commemoration in
4665:Other holidays and observances
3953:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
3933:. Princeton University Press.
3369:. In Gordon Melton, J. (ed.).
1985:. 11 July 2024. Archived from
1:
6786:Public holidays in Bangladesh
4271:10.1007/978-3-319-73653-2_8-2
3842:(Third ed.). Routledge.
912:, which explicitly designate
3722:. Cornell University Press.
3373:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 47–49.
3047:. bbc.co.uk. 5 December 2011
2925:Raman, B. (7 January 2002).
1569:
1237:
1118:
126:God's parting of the Red Sea
5309:Public holidays in Pakistan
4905:Maghrebi Blood Donation Day
4578:Hosseini infancy conference
4265:. Springer. pp. 1–15.
4162:. Brill. pp. 199–234.
3793:. Oxford University Press.
3718:Religion on the Battlefield
3634:Fakhr-Rohani, M.R. (2014).
2877:Korom & Chelkowski 1994
2865:Korom & Chelkowski 1994
2063:Wensinck & Marçais 2012
1845:
1827:
1809:
1792:
1771:Shia mourners on Ashura in
1722:
1541:
1532:
1508:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1455:
1447:
1437:
1421:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1304:
1282:
1256:
1039:
838:
832:
818:
692:
6812:
6781:Public holidays in Algeria
5073:International Day of Peace
4978:International Workers' Day
3227:. In Cornell, V.J. (ed.).
1864:represents Husayn's tomb,
1552:
1269:
1207:
1161:
1021:
998:was released from prison,
636:Category:Prophecy in Islam
155:Giving of food to the poor
29:
5609:
5315:
5252:
4884:International Women's Day
4755:
4352:10.1017/S0020743800032086
4255:"Shi'a Islam in Practice"
4168:10.1163/9789004207561_006
3978:. Yale University Press.
3955:. Yale University Press.
3640:. In Morrow, J.A. (ed.).
3446:Campo, J.E., ed. (2009).
2939:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1656:In the Gregorian calendar
1464:processions of mourners (
858:, the first month of the
729:and the salvation of the
710:, the first month of the
136:from their slavery under
55:
48:
6736:Shia days of remembrance
3770:10.1215/1089201X-25-1-78
3737:Hollister, J.N. (1979).
3576:. Taylor & Francis.
3537:Chelkowski, P. (2012b).
3504:Chelkowski, P. (2012a).
3313:Encyclopedia of Religion
2879:, pp. 152, 154–155.
2834:Calmard & Allan 1985
1849:symbolizes Husayn's bier
1831:symbolizes Husayn's bier
1726:march on Ashura, Karbala
881:practice adopted by the
605:The Fourteen Infallibles
4985:World Press Freedom Day
4023:Encyclopedia Britannica
3363:Beverley, J.A. (2011).
1057:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
877:on Ashura was likely a
36:Ashura (disambiguation)
5616:
5320:Kashmir Solidarity Day
4304:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4193:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4125:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4083:. St. Martin's Press.
3929:Metcalf, B.D. (2014).
3750:Hussain, A.J. (2005).
3714:Hassner, R.E. (2016).
3667:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3659:Flaskerud, I. (2015).
3512:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3471:Chelkowski, P (1985).
3338:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3311:. In Jones, L. (ed.).
3258:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3153:webspace.science.uu.nl
1442:
1441:march in Karbala, Iraq
1294:, located in Karbala,
1287:
1227:
723:parting of the Red Sea
104:Mourning the death of
34:. For other uses, see
5615:
4742:Promised Reformer Day
4445:Ali Asghar ibn Husayn
4238:10.1353/isl.2013.0007
4117:Plessner, M. (2012).
3906:Melton, J.G. (2010).
3899:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3545:Encyclopedia of Islam
3477:The Drama Review: TDR
3454:Encyclopedia of Islam
3439:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3426:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3413:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3250:Aghaie, K.S. (2013).
3223:Aghaie, K.S. (2007).
3200:Aghaie, K.S. (2004).
1786:Ashura procession in
1756:Ashura procession in
1586:, India, 21 February.
1435:
1279:
1217:
986:disembarked from the
737:disembarked from the
699:[ʕaːʃuːˈraːʔ]
128:and his salvation of
6791:Festivals in Algeria
6746:Mourning of Muharram
6731:Crossing the Red Sea
5840:Raising hands in Dua
5200:(Rabi' al-Awwal 12)
5172:Hijri New Year's Day
4765:Nation of Islam only
4737:Promised Messiah Day
4440:Ali Akbar ibn Husayn
4407:Mourning of Muharram
4188:"'Āshūrā' (Sunnism)"
4075:Pinault, D. (1992).
4017:(28 December 2023).
3785:Hyder, S.A. (2006).
3433:Calmard, J. (2004).
3420:Calmard, J. (1987).
3305:Ayoub, M.M. (2005).
3253:"'Āshūrā' (Shī'ism)"
2470:, pp. 149, 151.
1954:Mourning of Muharram
733:. Also on this day,
472:Mourning of Muharram
6751:Islamic terminology
5164:Varies (year round)
4460:Sukayna bint Husayn
4306:(Second ed.).
4253:Szanto, E. (2018).
4218:Szanto, E. (2013).
4185:Reid, M.H. (2011).
4150:Rahimi, B. (2012).
4127:(Second ed.).
3999:Die Welt des Islams
3993:Nakash, Y. (1993).
3970:Munson, H. (1988).
3808:Katz, M.H. (2007).
3547:(Second ed.).
3514:(Second ed.).
3340:(Second ed.).
3330:Berg, C.C. (2012).
2867:, pp. 154–155.
2581:, pp. 142–143.
2443:, pp. 150–151.
2312:, pp. 116–117.
2208:, pp. 64, 110.
2196:, pp. 115–116.
1280:Shia passion play (
1091:Battle of the Camel
721:, Ashura marks the
394:Part of a series on
6756:Family of Muhammad
5617:
5245:(Dhu al-Hijjah 10)
4770:Ahmadi Muslim only
4481:Imam Husayn Shrine
4195:(Third ed.).
4030:Osman, R. (2014).
3741:The Shi'a of India
3669:(Third ed.).
3409:"'Alam va 'Alāmat"
3388:Blank, J. (2001).
3260:(Third ed.).
3075:, 11 December 2011
3025:. 30 December 2009
2959:The New York Times
2889:Gordon Melton 2010
2182:Gordon Melton 2010
1691:Gregorian calendar
1666:Gregorian calendar
1443:
1288:
1228:
1175:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya
980:parted the Red Sea
784:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya
768:, grandson of the
512:Imam Husayn Shrine
493:Azadari in Lucknow
337:Ulu'l azm prophets
108:, grandson of the
6776:Sufism in Algeria
6741:Islamic holy days
6660:
6659:
6395:Sufis persecution
5437:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
5378:
5377:
5355:Eid Milad-un-Nabi
5268:
5267:
5261:Lists of holidays
5237:(Dhu al-Hijjah 9)
5205:Mawlid in Algeria
5188:Ashura in Algeria
4778:
4777:
4697:Laylat al-Raghaib
4602:
4601:
4419:Battle of Karbala
4280:978-3-319-73653-2
3693:Gordon Melton, J.
3128:. 24 October 2015
2999:. 19 January 2008
2038:Fakhr-Rohani 2014
1926:Shia Islam portal
1705:
1704:
1164:Battle of Karbala
1158:Battle of Karbala
1095:Ali ibn Abi Talib
1053:Battle of Karbala
1024:Ashura in Algeria
795:Battle of Karbala
760:By contrast, for
677:
676:
517:Ziyarat of Ashura
429:Battle of Karbala
389:
388:
214:
213:
16:(Redirected from
6803:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6701:
6700:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6677:
6676:
6668:
6385:Sufi metaphysics
6341:
6283:
6174:
6142:
6130:
6068:
6056:
6044:
5982:
5955:
5943:
5931:
5919:
5892:
5880:
5858:
5816:
5804:
5787:
5775:
5650:
5638:
5594:
5531:Nass al-Houdhour
5522:
5495:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5382:
5370:Eid-Miladun-Nabi
5340:Quaid-e-Azam Day
5335:Independence Day
5307:
5306:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5272:
5055:Independence Day
5003:June–July–August
4930:April Fools' Day
4817:
4816:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4782:
4760:Shia Muslim only
4702:Isra' and Mi'raj
4682:Islamic New Year
4636:Islamic holidays
4629:
4622:
4615:
4606:
4465:Muslim ibn Aqeel
4450:al-Abbas ibn Ali
4400:
4393:
4386:
4377:
4371:
4325:
4301:
4292:
4264:
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4214:
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4094:
4082:
4071:
4059:
4045:
4026:
4010:
3989:
3977:
3966:
3944:
3925:
3902:
3886:
3863:The Drama Review
3853:
3841:
3827:
3815:
3804:
3792:
3781:
3755:
3746:
3744:
3733:
3721:
3710:
3688:
3664:
3655:
3639:
3630:
3609:
3587:
3566:
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3533:
3509:
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3467:
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3403:
3384:
3368:
3359:
3335:
3326:
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3279:
3255:
3246:
3234:
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3207:
3187:
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3184:
3182:
3168:
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3156:
3147:Gent, R.H. van.
3144:
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3084:
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2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2784:
2781:Chelkowski 2012a
2778:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2691:Chelkowski 2012b
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2141:
2135:
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2120:
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2102:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2041:
2035:
2026:
2020:
1991:
1990:
1989:on 19 July 2024.
1983:timesnownews.com
1975:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1903:
1881:
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1840:
1830:
1822:
1812:
1805:
1795:
1783:
1768:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1725:
1718:
1675:Islamic calendar
1671:
1662:Islamic calendar
1573:
1571:
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1330:
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1311:
1307:
1292:shrine of Husayn
1285:
1261:
1252:Day of Judgement
1241:
1239:
1183:
1181:
1122:
1120:
1081:) did so too in
1080:
1078:
1065:
1063:
1042:
974:
972:
939:
936:
935:day of atonement
933:
930:
927:
860:Islamic calendar
841:
835:
821:
792:
790:
712:Islamic calendar
701:
695:
689:
669:
662:
655:
617:Related articles
600:The Twelve Imams
452:Maqtal al-Husayn
391:
381:
374:
367:
355:Islam portal
353:
352:
351:
316:Related articles
304:Dividing the sea
243:Ten Commandments
216:
208:Islamic calendar
152:Mourning rituals
92:
60:
50:
43:
21:
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6810:
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6695:
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6671:
6663:
6661:
6656:
6570:
6419:
6410:Sufi psychology
6400:Sufi philosophy
6380:Sufi literature
6335:
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5586:The Seven ranks
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5248:
5159:
5153:Winter vacation
5120:
5101:
5078:
5061:
5042:
5017:
5011:Summer vacation
4998:
4965:
4918:
4912:Spring vacation
4899:World Water Day
4871:
4860:Valentine's Day
4848:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4779:
4774:
4751:
4660:
4639:
4638:and observances
4633:
4603:
4598:
4587:Related portals
4582:
4511:
4490:
4469:
4455:Zaynab bint Ali
4421:
4409:
4404:
4374:
4337:
4333:
4331:Further reading
4328:
4322:
4295:
4281:
4252:
4217:
4211:
4184:
4178:
4149:
4143:
4116:
4110:
4097:
4091:
4074:
4068:
4048:
4042:
4029:
4013:
3992:
3986:
3969:
3963:
3947:
3941:
3928:
3922:
3905:
3889:
3875:10.2307/1146338
3856:
3850:
3830:
3824:
3807:
3801:
3784:
3749:
3736:
3730:
3713:
3707:
3691:
3685:
3658:
3652:
3633:
3627:
3612:
3606:
3590:
3584:
3569:
3563:
3536:
3530:
3503:
3489:10.2307/1145650
3470:
3464:
3445:
3432:
3419:
3406:
3400:
3387:
3381:
3362:
3356:
3329:
3323:
3304:
3298:
3282:
3276:
3249:
3243:
3231:Voices of Islam
3222:
3216:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3160:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3076:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2931:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2853:Chelkowski 1985
2851:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2810:Chelkowski 1985
2808:
2804:
2796:
2787:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2652:
2644:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2516:Chelkowski 1985
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2275:
2269:Chelkowski 1985
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2161:
2153:
2144:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2084:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2044:
2036:
2029:
2021:
1994:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1895:
1882:
1873:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1806:
1797:
1784:
1775:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1719:
1710:
1658:
1602:Bomb explosions
1568:
1561:
1551:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1274:
1268:
1236:
1212:
1206:
1186:Euphrates river
1178:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1142:
1117:
1109:on Ashura 973.
1079: 991–1031
1075:
1060:
1034:
1020:
969:
950:
937:
934:
931:
928:
883:Islamic prophet
872:
815:
787:
770:Islamic prophet
673:
628:
627:
618:
610:
609:
595:
587:
586:
447:
439:
438:
409:
385:
349:
347:
342:
341:
317:
309:
308:
294:
286:
285:
266:
258:
257:
238:
160:
158:In Sunni Islam:
156:
154:
150:
123:
121:In Sunni Islam:
119:
110:Islamic prophet
103:
82:
66:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6809:
6807:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6705:
6693:
6681:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6375:Sufism history
6372:
6370:Sufi cosmology
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6131:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6057:
6045:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5988:
5983:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5944:
5932:
5920:
5908:
5903:
5901:Sufism pillars
5898:
5893:
5881:
5869:
5864:
5862:Salat al-Fatih
5859:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5805:
5793:
5788:
5776:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5709:Lataif-e-Sitta
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5642:Aayane Thabita
5639:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5275:
5266:
5265:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5232:
5224:
5221:Laylat al-Qadr
5218:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5183:(Muharram 10)
5176:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5156:(2 last weeks)
5149:
5145:New Year's Eve
5141:
5135:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5114:Revolution Day
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5093:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5030:Children's Day
5025:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4988:
4982:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4955:
4949:
4941:
4933:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4915:(2 last weeks)
4908:
4902:
4896:
4888:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4863:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4838:
4834:New Year's Day
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Laylat al-Qadr
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4434:Husayn ibn Ali
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4380:
4373:
4372:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4293:
4279:
4250:
4215:
4209:
4182:
4176:
4147:
4141:
4114:
4108:
4095:
4089:
4072:
4066:
4046:
4040:
4027:
4011:
3990:
3984:
3967:
3961:
3945:
3939:
3926:
3920:
3903:
3887:
3854:
3848:
3828:
3822:
3805:
3799:
3782:
3747:
3734:
3728:
3711:
3705:
3689:
3683:
3662:"Flagellation"
3656:
3650:
3631:
3625:
3610:
3604:
3588:
3582:
3567:
3561:
3540:"Rawḍa-Ḵẖwānī"
3534:
3528:
3501:
3468:
3462:
3443:
3430:
3417:
3404:
3398:
3385:
3379:
3360:
3354:
3327:
3321:
3302:
3296:
3290:. De Gruyter.
3280:
3274:
3247:
3242:978-0275987343
3241:
3220:
3214:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3158:
3139:
3111:
3085:
3058:
3036:
3010:
2984:
2982:, p. 145.
2972:
2961:. 2 March 2004
2946:
2917:
2915:, p. 178.
2913:Hollister 1979
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2838:
2826:
2824:, p. 154.
2814:
2802:
2785:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2742:Flaskerud 2015
2731:
2719:
2717:, p. 169.
2707:
2705:, p. 320.
2695:
2683:
2671:
2650:
2631:
2619:
2617:, p. 240.
2607:
2595:
2593:, p. 165.
2583:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2506:, p. 112.
2496:
2484:
2482:, p. 166.
2472:
2457:
2455:, p. 150.
2445:
2433:
2431:, p. 205.
2421:
2419:, p. 133.
2404:
2402:, p. 163.
2392:
2377:
2362:
2350:
2348:, p. 117.
2338:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2247:, p. 210.
2237:
2225:
2223:, p. 113.
2210:
2198:
2186:
2184:, p. 210.
2174:
2159:
2157:, p. 149.
2142:
2127:
2125:, p. 549.
2115:
2113:, p. 112.
2103:
2101:, p. 204.
2082:
2067:
2042:
2040:, p. 228.
2027:
1992:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1959:Ziyarat Ashura
1956:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1929:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1626:
1623:
1608:
1605:
1598:
1587:
1550:
1547:
1270:Main article:
1267:
1264:
1208:Main article:
1205:
1202:
1182: 680–683
1162:Main article:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1141:
1138:
1093:(656) against
1064: 685–705
1049:Husayn ibn Ali
1019:
1016:
990:, God forgave
973: 661–750
949:
948:In Sunni Islam
946:
871:
870:Likely origins
868:
814:
811:
791: 680–683
781:Umayyad caliph
775:and the third
766:Husayn ibn Ali
751:supererogatory
741:, God forgave
675:
674:
672:
671:
664:
657:
649:
646:
645:
644:
643:
638:
630:
629:
626:
625:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
602:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
579:
577:Hussaini Dalan
574:
569:
564:
562:Chehel Minbari
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
474:(Majlis-e-Aza)
469:
464:
459:
454:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
396:
395:
387:
386:
384:
383:
376:
369:
361:
358:
357:
344:
343:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
301:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
273:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
250:
245:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
225:
224:
212:
211:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:2025 date
192:
191:
188:
187:2024 date
184:
183:
180:
179:2023 date
176:
175:
169:
165:
164:
148:In Shia Islam:
145:
141:
140:
124:Commemorating
115:and the third
106:Husayn ibn Ali
101:In Shia Islam:
98:
94:
93:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
61:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6808:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6682:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6666:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6466:Jama'at Khana
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6441:Datuk Keramat
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6416:
6415:Sufi whirling
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6199:Antinomianism
6197:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6061:
6058:
6054:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5432:Ahl al-Khutwa
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5365:Youm-e-Takbir
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5296:
5291:
5289:
5284:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5262:
5256:
5251:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:Day of Arafah
5233:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5132:Christmas Eve
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:(last Sunday)
4994:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:Berber Spring
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:Knowledge Day
4934:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4748:
4747:Caliphate Day
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4727:Eid al-Ghadir
4725:
4723:
4722:Saviours' Day
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Day of Ashura
4675:
4673:
4672:Day of Arafah
4670:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Day of Ashura
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4323:
4321:9789004161214
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4210:9789004203532
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4177:9789004209794
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4142:9789004161214
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4120:"al-Muḥarram"
4115:
4111:
4109:9780333800355
4105:
4102:. Macmillan.
4101:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4041:9781315770147
4037:
4034:. Routledge.
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3964:
3962:9780300035315
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3940:9781400856107
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3921:9781598842043
3917:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3869:(2): 150–75.
3868:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3849:9781138787612
3845:
3840:
3839:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3823:9780203962145
3819:
3816:. Routledge.
3814:
3813:
3806:
3802:
3800:9780195373028
3796:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3735:
3731:
3729:9780801451072
3725:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3708:
3706:9781598842043
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3684:9789004282117
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3651:9780786458486
3647:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3626:9788172144616
3622:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3605:9780791470336
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3583:9781351900287
3579:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3562:9789004161214
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3529:9789004161214
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3463:9780816054541
3459:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3399:9780226056760
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3380:9781598842050
3376:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3355:9789004161214
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3297:9789027979438
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3275:9789004252684
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3177:
3176:IslamicFinder
3173:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3086:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2903:, p. 58.
2902:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2855:, p. 24.
2854:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2812:, p. 27.
2811:
2806:
2803:
2800:, p. 12.
2799:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2756:, p. 75.
2755:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2729:, p. 99.
2728:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2681:, p. 77.
2680:
2675:
2672:
2669:, p. 79.
2668:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2605:, p. 14.
2604:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2569:, p. 24.
2568:
2563:
2560:
2557:, p. 84.
2556:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2530:, p. 77.
2529:
2524:
2521:
2518:, p. 19.
2517:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2390:, p. 81.
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2375:, p. 48.
2374:
2373:Beverley 2011
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:Madelung 2004
2354:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2336:, p. 70.
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:, p. 28.
2323:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2300:, p. 10.
2299:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2271:, p. 20.
2270:
2265:
2262:
2259:, p. 84.
2258:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2235:, p. 82.
2234:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:Plessner 2012
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:15 June 2027
1700:
1698:25 June 2026
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1566:
1565:Ahmad Barelvi
1560:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1512:
1511:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1457:
1456:shabih-khwani
1451:
1450:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1348:marsia-khwani
1343:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1153:In Shia Islam
1152:
1150:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
967:
963:
959:
955:
947:
945:
943:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
884:
880:
876:
869:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
834:
829:
825:
820:
812:
810:
808:
805:). Among the
804:
800:
797:on Ashura 61
796:
785:
782:
778:
774:
771:
767:
763:
758:
755:
752:
748:
744:
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483:Day of Tasu'a
481:
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478:Day of Ashura
476:
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77:
73:
69:
65:in Bangladesh
64:
59:
54:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6345:Madih nabawi
6234:
5325:Pakistan Day
5254:
5240:
5226:
5223:(Ramadan 27)
5212:
5203:
5195:
5186:
5179:
5178:
5175:(Muharram 1)
5170:
5151:
5143:
5112:
5053:
5037:Father's Day
5028:
5009:
4992:Mother's Day
4990:
4976:
4959:Election Day
4957:
4943:
4935:
4910:
4890:
4882:
4840:
4832:
4676:
4644:The two Eids
4573:Rawda Khwani
4523:Majlis-e-Aza
4432:
4346:(1): 16–20.
4343:
4339:
4303:
4299:"'Ās̲h̲ūrā'"
4260:
4232:(1): 75–91.
4229:
4225:
4192:
4157:
4124:
4099:
4078:
4055:
4050:Peters, F.E.
4031:
4022:
4015:Newman, A.J.
3998:
3973:
3952:
3930:
3911:
3898:
3891:Madelung, W.
3866:
3862:
3837:
3811:
3788:
3764:(1): 78–88.
3761:
3757:
3740:
3717:
3696:
3666:
3641:
3615:
3595:
3592:Dakake, M.M.
3572:
3544:
3511:
3483:(3): 18–30.
3480:
3476:
3453:
3449:"Husayniyya"
3438:
3425:
3412:
3389:
3370:
3337:
3312:
3287:
3257:
3230:
3203:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:
3152:
3142:
3130:. Retrieved
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:
3088:
3077:, retrieved
3067:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3022:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2996:
2987:
2980:Hassner 2016
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2958:
2949:
2920:
2908:
2901:Metcalf 2014
2896:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2766:Calmard 2004
2761:
2749:
2727:Pinault 1992
2722:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2679:Pinault 2000
2674:
2667:Hussain 2005
2646:Calmard 1987
2627:D'Souza 1998
2622:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2545:, p. 9.
2528:Kennedy 2016
2523:
2511:
2499:
2494:, p. 9.
2487:
2475:
2448:
2436:
2424:
2395:
2388:Hussain 2005
2353:
2341:
2334:Pinault 2000
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2264:
2257:Hussain 2005
2252:
2240:
2233:Hussain 2005
2228:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2118:
2106:
1987:the original
1982:
1973:
1940:Islam portal
1886:
1861:
1773:Saudi Arabia
1695:5 July 2025
1690:
1674:
1659:
1562:
1559:Anti-Shi'ism
1537:
1444:
1321:rawza-khwani
1289:
1248:
1229:
1204:Significance
1167:
1146:Ibn Taymiyya
1143:
1140:Ibn Taymiyya
1114:Ibn Taymiyya
1111:
1097:, the first
1035:
951:
873:
847:
816:
759:
679:
678:
641:Islam portal
622:
594:Perspectives
582:Rawda Khwani
321:
157:
147:
120:
100:
97:Significance
74:Youm-e Ashur
40:
6766:Husayniyyas
6461:Jama masjid
6405:Sufi poetry
6336: [
6297:Sufi orders
6278: [
6192:Misconducts
6169: [
6137: [
6125: [
6063: [
6051: [
6039: [
5977: [
5950: [
5938: [
5926: [
5914: [
5887: [
5875: [
5853: [
5811: [
5799: [
5782: [
5770: [
5645: [
5633: [
5589: [
5576:Sufis ranks
5517: [
5490: [
5442:Bash Hezzab
5414:terminology
5360:Defence Day
5350:Eid-ul-Fitr
5345:Eid ul-Adha
5242:Eid al-Adha
5231:(Shawwal 1)
5228:Eid al-Fitr
5217:(Ramadan 1)
4892:Victory Day
4707:Mid-Sha'ban
4656:Eid al-Adha
4651:Eid al-Fitr
4001:: 161–181.
3832:Kennedy, H.
3284:Ayoub, M.M.
3132:24 February
3079:11 December
2798:Szanto 2018
2754:Szanto 2013
2715:Nakash 1993
2603:Szanto 2018
2591:Nakash 1993
2567:Munson 1988
2504:Aghaie 2007
2492:Aghaie 2004
2480:Nakash 1993
2429:Rahimi 2012
2400:Nakash 1993
2346:Aghaie 2007
2286:Aghaie 2013
2245:Rahimi 2012
2138:Newman 2023
2111:Dakake 2007
2099:Peters 1994
1884:Submerging
1638:Afghanistan
1576:imambargahs
1572: 1831
1233:Ali al-Rida
1121: 1328
920:, known as
446:Remembrance
424:Ahl al-Kisa
419:Ahl al-Bayt
414:Family tree
299:Golden calf
237:Revelations
144:Observances
138:the pharaoh
71:Also called
6725:Categories
6715:Psychology
6627:Prayer rug
6390:Sufi music
6250:Hizb Rateb
6228:Ceremonies
5996:Zarruqiyya
5704:Ismul Azam
5330:Labour Day
5259:See also:
4962:(Thursday)
4594:Shia Islam
4568:Chup Tazia
4486:Hussainiya
4090:0312079532
4067:0791418758
4019:"'Āshūrā'"
3985:0300046049
3422:"'Azādārī"
3322:0028657349
3308:"'Āshūrā'"
3215:0295984554
3193:References
3003:10 October
2822:Ayoub 1978
2703:Campo 2009
2615:Momen 1985
2579:Ayoub 1978
2555:Blank 2001
2543:Hyder 2006
2468:Ayoub 1978
2453:Ayoub 1978
2441:Ayoub 1978
2417:Osman 2014
2322:Momen 1985
2298:Hyder 2006
2123:Ayoub 2005
1868:ritual in
1825:In India,
1649:Bangladesh
1553:See also:
1240: 818
1129:South Asia
1022:See also:
922:Yom Kippur
731:Israelites
688:عَاشُورَاء
567:Chup Tazia
522:Hussainiya
506:Pilgrimage
327:Jabal Musa
253:Ṣuḥuf Mūsā
134:Israelites
49:عَاشُورَاء
6703:Education
6637:Tagelmust
6632:Qashabiya
6607:Jellabiya
6511:Mausoleum
6204:Rahbaniya
6018:Waridates
5835:Muraqabah
5830:Muhasabah
5514:Mutahaqiq
5138:Christmas
5096:Halloween
5066:September
4952:Earth Day
4368:162459682
4289:158107119
4246:144319026
3949:Momen, M.
3778:143516655
3507:"Ta'ziya"
3181:10 August
3029:22 August
2997:bbc.co.uk
2310:Katz 2007
2221:Katz 2007
2206:Katz 2007
2194:Katz 2007
2170:Crow 2016
2155:Katz 2007
2023:Reid 2011
1966:Footnotes
1893:Indonesia
1843:In Iran,
1790:carrying
1525:date palm
1422:qama-zani
1396:sina-zani
1374:imambarah
1361:Husayniya
1286:) in Iran
1220:Pahlavids
1101:, in the
1099:Shia imam
813:Etymology
777:Shia imam
203:Frequency
117:Shia imam
83:Islamic (
6679:Religion
6647:Tarboosh
6602:Gandoura
6597:Djellaba
6214:Taqabbur
5964:Tawassul
5959:Tawakkul
5623:Concepts
5541:Qalandar
5504:Muqarrab
5499:Muqaddam
5482:Marabout
5125:December
5106:November
5014:(varies)
4853:February
4842:Yennayer
4732:Mubahala
4687:Arbaʽeen
4507:Arba'een
4495:Holidays
4052:(1994).
3951:(1985).
3908:"Ashura"
3893:(2004).
3834:(2016).
3637:"Ashura"
3594:(2007).
3366:"Ashura"
3286:(1978).
3125:BBC News
3073:Fox News
2965:18 March
2935:cite web
1912:See also
1870:Trinidad
1620:Pakistan
1416:tiq-zani
1380:azakhana
1190:Damascus
1072:al-Qadir
966:Umayyads
886:Muhammad
856:Muharram
773:Muhammad
708:Muharram
693:ʿĀshūrāʾ
498:Arba'een
293:Miracles
221:a series
219:Part of
206:Annual (
173:Muharram
132:and the
113:Muhammad
6665:Portals
6642:Taqiyah
6617:Misbaha
6592:Burnous
6575:Objects
6526:Musalla
6506:Maqbara
6496:Madrasa
6486:Külliye
6481:Khanqah
6476:Khalawi
6456:Gongbei
6360:Qawwali
6350:Nasheed
6333:Ashewiq
6317:Ziyarat
6292:Silsila
6219:Zandaqa
6178:Walayah
6156:Tajalli
6112:Ma'rifa
6097:Karamat
6077:Hidayah
6031:Basirah
6026:Barakah
5969:Tazkiah
5947:Tawajud
5935:Takhlia
5906:Tafakur
5867:Salawat
5674:Ghaflah
5556:Rabbani
5509:Murshid
5487:Mudaqiq
5477:Majzoob
5447:Dervish
5214:Ramadan
5083:October
4826:January
4712:Ramadan
4548:Ta'zieh
4538:Maddahi
4516:Customs
4426:Figures
4007:1570949
3883:1146338
3573:Shi'ism
3497:1145650
3104:30 June
3099:Reuters
3051:30 June
3023:Reuters
1872:, 1950s
1828:ta'ziya
1723:Tawarij
1708:Gallery
1616:Karachi
1595:Mashhad
1538:tadjah.
1533:ta'ziya
1519:
1495:
1479:tawarij
1449:ta'ziya
1438:Tawarij
1427:Lebanon
1305:majalis
1283:ta'ziya
1266:Rituals
1244:hadiths
1125:Maghreb
1107:Baghdad
1083:Baghdad
1070:caliph
1068:Abbasid
1018:Customs
1004:Abraham
958:Quraysh
929:
918:Tishrei
914:Ramadan
892:in 622
875:Fasting
833:asiroya
824:Aramaic
754:fasting
719:Muslims
547:Ta'zieh
537:Maddahi
527:Marsiya
502:Ziyarat
190:17 July
182:29 July
162:Fasting
63:Ta'zieh
51:
18:Ashoora
6771:Ashura
6652:Turban
6622:Miswak
6612:Khirqa
6587:Balgha
6582:Ammama
6566:Zawiya
6556:Turbah
6521:Mosque
6491:Kuttab
6471:Khalwa
6451:Gonbad
6446:Eidgah
6436:Dargah
6424:Places
6312:Wezeea
6307:Tweeza
6302:Tariqa
6287:Sebiba
6265:Mawsim
6260:Mawlid
6255:Idjaza
6240:Bay'ah
6235:Ashura
6161:Thawab
6151:Secret
6134:Rabita
6107:Khatir
6092:Ishrak
6072:Haqiqa
6048:Djadba
5991:Wazifa
5923:Tahlia
5911:Tahara
5884:Shuhud
5825:Lazimi
5820:Latifa
5808:Ichara
5767:Djamaa
5744:Yaqeen
5630:Aayane
5581:Talibe
5571:Siddiq
5566:Sheikh
5472:Khatib
5462:Hezzab
5412:Sufism
5197:Mawlid
5180:Ashura
4866:Tafsut
4692:Mawlid
4558:Tabuik
4553:Tatbir
4528:Marsia
4474:Places
4414:Events
4366:
4360:163637
4358:
4318:
4287:
4277:
4244:
4207:
4174:
4139:
4106:
4087:
4064:
4038:
4005:
3982:
3959:
3937:
3918:
3881:
3846:
3820:
3797:
3776:
3726:
3703:
3681:
3648:
3623:
3602:
3580:
3559:
3526:
3495:
3460:
3396:
3377:
3352:
3333:"Ṣawm"
3319:
3294:
3272:
3239:
3212:
1949:Tasu'a
1887:tabuik
1862:Tadjah
1628:2011:
1610:2009:
1600:2004:
1589:1994:
1536:, and
1473:mawkib
1409:tatbir
1368:takiya
1354:majlis
1342:niyaha
1328:qiraya
1314:majlis
1226:, 1978
1032:Ashure
1030:, and
1028:Sebiba
1012:Tasu'a
996:Joseph
942:Muslim
890:Medina
879:Jewish
852:Arabic
844:Hebrew
830:words
828:Syriac
822:is an
819:Ashura
747:Joseph
745:, and
714:. For
684:Arabic
680:Ashura
623:Ashura
572:Tatbir
552:Tabuik
488:Lohoof
434:Sayyid
400:Husayn
322:Ashura
281:Shuaib
265:Family
248:Tawrat
198:7 July
46:Ashura
32:Ashure
6796:Moses
6691:Islam
6561:Türbe
6551:Takya
6546:Surau
6541:Ribat
6536:Rauza
6531:Qubba
6516:Mazar
6501:Maqam
6431:Daara
6355:Naʽat
6340:]
6282:]
6275:Sbooa
6270:Salka
6245:Haḍra
6209:Shath
6183:Warid
6173:]
6146:Ru'ya
6141:]
6129:]
6122:Qabdh
6102:Kashf
6087:Irfan
6082:Ilham
6067:]
6055:]
6043:]
5981:]
5954:]
5942:]
5930:]
5918:]
5896:Shukr
5891:]
5879:]
5857:]
5850:Sahar
5815:]
5803:]
5796:Ibara
5786:]
5779:Djoua
5774:]
5762:Dhikr
5754:Awrad
5714:Maqam
5694:Ihsan
5684:Hijab
5664:Dhawq
5659:Baqaa
5649:]
5637:]
5603:Wasil
5593:]
5561:Salik
5546:Qāriʾ
5526:Murid
5521:]
5494:]
5457:Hafiz
5452:Fakir
5427:Abdal
5420:Sufis
4923:April
4876:March
4563:Hosay
4364:S2CID
4356:JSTOR
4285:S2CID
4242:S2CID
4003:JSTOR
3879:JSTOR
3774:S2CID
3493:JSTOR
1866:Hosay
1846:nakhl
1788:India
1758:Syria
1685:1449
1682:1448
1679:1447
1645:Dhaka
1634:Kabul
1584:Delhi
1510:nakhl
1467:dasta
1402:matam
1377:, or
1335:nawha
1300:Safar
1258:jihad
1194:Syria
1133:Sufis
1105:-era
1103:Buyid
1040:shukr
1008:Jonah
1000:Jesus
977:Moses
962:Mecca
954:Sunni
910:Islam
906:Quran
898:Moses
864:Islam
850:. In
848:'āsōr
846:word
839:asora
801:(680
727:Moses
716:Sunni
704:Islam
557:Hosay
332:Moses
276:Harun
271:Asiya
130:Moses
89:Sunni
6365:Sama
6326:Arts
6060:Fath
6036:Bast
6008:Zuhd
6003:Wird
5986:Wajd
5974:Uzla
5872:Samt
5845:Sabr
5739:Sadr
5724:Qalb
5719:Nafs
5699:Ishq
5689:Huwa
5669:Fana
5598:Wali
5551:Qutb
5467:Imam
5255:Bold
5148:(31)
5140:(25)
5134:(24)
5098:(31)
5075:(21)
5047:July
5039:(21)
5022:June
4954:(22)
4948:(20)
4940:(16)
4907:(30)
4901:(22)
4895:(19)
4868:(28)
4862:(14)
4845:(12)
4543:Soaz
4533:Noha
4316:ISBN
4275:ISBN
4205:ISBN
4172:ISBN
4137:ISBN
4104:ISBN
4085:ISBN
4062:ISBN
4036:ISBN
3980:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3916:ISBN
3844:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3795:ISBN
3724:ISBN
3701:ISBN
3679:ISBN
3646:ISBN
3621:ISBN
3600:ISBN
3578:ISBN
3557:ISBN
3524:ISBN
3481:29/3
3458:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3375:ISBN
3350:ISBN
3317:ISBN
3292:ISBN
3270:ISBN
3237:ISBN
3210:ISBN
3183:2024
3134:2016
3106:2012
3081:2011
3053:2012
3031:2023
3005:2015
2967:2017
2941:link
1810:Alam
1793:alam
1557:and
1542:Alam
1516:lit.
1501:flag
1492:lit.
1486:alam
1461:Gulf
1390:latm
1385:Arab
1296:Iraq
1224:Iran
1198:Kufa
1087:Iraq
1045:Shia
992:Adam
984:Noah
926:lit.
902:Jews
807:Shia
762:Shia
743:Adam
735:Noah
542:Soaz
532:Noha
408:Life
229:Musa
168:Date
87:and
85:Shia
79:Type
6166:Uns
6117:Nūr
5791:Dua
5734:Rūḥ
5729:Ran
5679:Hal
5654:Aql
5536:Pir
5117:(1)
5092:(2)
5058:(5)
5033:(1)
4987:(3)
4981:(1)
4970:May
4932:(1)
4887:(8)
4837:(1)
4348:doi
4308:doi
4267:doi
4234:doi
4197:doi
4164:doi
4129:doi
3871:doi
3766:doi
3671:doi
3549:doi
3516:doi
3485:doi
3342:doi
3262:doi
1530:),
1506:),
1310:sg.
1222:in
1192:in
988:Ark
836:or
739:Ark
725:by
171:10
6727::
6338:ar
6280:fr
6171:ar
6139:ar
6127:ar
6065:ar
6053:ar
6041:ar
5979:ar
5952:ar
5940:ar
5928:ar
5916:ar
5889:ar
5877:ar
5855:ar
5813:ar
5801:ar
5784:ar
5772:ar
5647:ar
5635:ar
5591:ar
5519:ar
5492:ar
4362:.
4354:.
4344:21
4342:.
4314:.
4283:.
4273:.
4240:.
4228:.
4224:.
4203:.
4170:.
4154:.
4135:.
4021:.
3997:.
3897:.
3877:.
3867:38
3865:.
3861:.
3772:.
3762:25
3760:.
3756:.
3677:.
3555:.
3522:.
3491:.
3479:.
3475:.
3452:.
3437:.
3424:.
3411:.
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