437:, Zhang Shigui (張士貴), and Li Xiyu (李襲譽), to attack Xueyantuo to assist Ashina Simo, with Li Shiji in overall command. Around the new year 642, Li Shiji dealt a major defeat to Dadu, who fled after heavy casualties. Emperor Taizong, while sending an emissary to rebuke Yi'nan, did not take further actions against Xueyantuo at this point. It was said that Yi'nan continued to be unhappy with Eastern Tujue's existence, and continued to harass Eastern Tujue. (Yi'nan, however, tried to maintain peaceful relations with Tang, and at one point was engaged to marry Emperor Taizong's daughter Princess Xinxing, but Emperor Taizong regretted the marriage agreement and broke it in 643 under the pretense that Yi'nan's offer of
263:. He created Ashina Simo, a member of Eastern Tujue's royal house as well, as Yiminishuqilibi Khan (or Qilibi Khan for short), and Ashina Simo served as the khan of the recreated Eastern Tujue khanate for several years. However, in 644, faced with constant pressure from Xueyantuo, Ashina Simo's people abandoned him and fled south back to Tang territory. Ashina Simo himself also returned to Tang and served as a Tang general until his death, probably in 645.
446:
slaves and reward them to the
Chinese people, but instead the emperor raised them like his own sons and showed much grace to them. Despite this, Ashina Jiesheshuai rebelled. They look like humans, but have hearts like beasts, and should not be treated as humans. I have received much grace from the emperor, and I have nothing to repay him for. I am willing to kill the Tujue for China.
474:, and Ashina Simo followed Emperor Taizong on the campaign. During siege of Baekam (백암성), Ashina Simo was injured by an arrow, and it was said that Emperor Taizong personally sucked the pus out of his wound, which greatly inspired the soldiers. Taizong himself also tended to the injury of another Turkic General who was wounded during the war against Goguryeo,
395:
I have received blessings that I did not deserve, and I lead this tribe as its chief. I hope that for generations, we will continue to serve as a watchdog outside the empire's north door, guarding it. But we are still currently weak, and if
Xueyantuo should attack us, we might not be able to stand.
347:
Emperor
Taizong initially settled the Eastern Tujue people within Tang borders, but after a failed assassination attempt against him by Ashina Duojishi's son Ashina Jiesheshuai in 639, he changed his mind. On August 13, 639, he created Ashina Simo (who was by this point also given the imperial clan
445:
How do I not dare to follow the emperor's edict? But the Tujue people are treacherous and should not be trusted. Before the destruction of their state, they invaded China each year and continued to kill thousands of people. I thought that, after the emperor defeated them, he would make them into
301:
who were brothers to each other and who successively served as khans. Despite Ashina Simo's royal lineage, it was said that on account of his appearance, which appeared more
Sogdian than Tujue, Ashina Duojishi and Ashina Chuluo both suspected him of being born out of an adulterous relationship, and
368:, Yi'nan, delivered by his official Guo Siben (郭嗣本), ordering Xueyantuo not to attack the newly reestablished Eastern Tujue. Yi'nan, while displeased at the development, initially agreed. Emperor Taizong then carried out a formal creation ceremony for Ashina Simo, presided by the great general
334:
in 629—such that when Tang forces captured Ashina Duobi in 630, Ashina Simo remained with him and was captured with him. Emperor
Taizong was impressed with Ashina Simo's faithfulness and made him a general and a commandant, in command of the people formerly directly under Ashina Duobi. He also
325:
Late in Ashina Duobi's reign, with Tang strengthening and
Eastern Tujue weakening due to internal problems, many of Eastern Tujue tribes surrendered to Tang, and while apparently Tang made overtures to Ashina Simo, Ashina Simo remained faithful to Ashina Duobi. His faithfulness to Ashina Duobi
462:) Prefectures. Despite officials' opposition, Emperor Taizong agreed, and did so. Ashina Simo, with his reconstituted state in shambles, also returned to China, and was again made a Tang general, ending Tang's attempt to recreate Eastern Tujue as a vassal.
454:, and therefore, if Xueyantuo had attacked, might not have been able to protect Eastern Tujue.) They crossed the Yellow River south, seeking to be settled among Sheng (勝州, also in modern Hohhot, but south of the Yellow River) and Xia (夏州, roughly modern
520:
Simo was a relative of Xieli. Because his face was like that of the ‘barbarian (huren 胡人)’ and not like that of the Tujue, Shibi and Chuluo were doubtful of his being one of the Ashina. Thus although he always held the title of Jiabi
302:
therefore did not entrust him with great authorities. Throughout their reigns, he thus only carried the title of Jiabi Tegin (夾畢特勒), and could not be a general. According to Suzuki
Kosetsu, it was a political situation created by
404:
and would take his soldiers with him, he believed that he could destroy Ashina Simo quickly. He therefore had his son Dadu (大度) to head
Xueyantuo troops, along with conscripted troops from vassal tribes Tongluo (同羅), Pugu (僕骨),
1797:
767:
352:
and therefore also known as Li Simo) as the
Yiminishuqilibi Khan (or Qilibi Khan for short) and ordered the settled Tujue people to follow Ashina Simo north of the Yellow River to settle between the
247:
conquered
Eastern Tujue in 630, he briefly settled the Eastern Tujue people within Tang borders, but after a failed assassination attempt against him by a member of the Eastern Tujue royal house,
450:
Around the new year 645, Ashina Simo's people, apparently under the Xueyantuo pressure, collapsed and abandoned Ashina Simo. (At this time, Emperor Taizong was deep in his preparation to attack
364:— a former Eastern Tujue vassal that had become powerful and taken over Eastern Tujue's former territory — initially refused. Emperor Taizong thereafter issued an edict to Xueyantuo's
1812:
1792:
820:
translated by and quoted in Lee & Kuang (2017) "A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples",
575:
1647:
754:
632:
417:(霫), launch a major attack on Eastern Tujue. Ashina Simo could not resist the attack, and withdrew within the Great Wall to Shuo Prefecture (朔州, roughly modern
441:(with livestock) was not paid for on time.) When Emperor Taizong sent further emissaries to order Yi'nan from attacking Eastern Tujue, Yi'nan's response was:
471:
1832:
1817:
400:
Emperor Taizong agreed. In winter 641, indeed, with Yi'nan anticipating that Emperor Taizong would soon be offering sacrifices to heaven and earth at
1802:
482:(implying that this is after the end of the campaign in fall 645), he died. He was buried with great honors near the tomb of Emperor Taizong's wife
1652:
965:
1642:
695:"On the Genealogical Line of Türks' Ashina Simo: The Royal Genealogy of the First Türkic Qaγanate and the Ordos Region during the Tang Period"
1822:
833:
Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names",
558:
383:
In spring 641, Ashina Simo's people finally crossed the Yellow River, and he established his headquarters at Dingxiang (定襄, in modern
391:). He was said to have 30,000 households, 40,000 troops, and 90,000 warhorses. He submitted a petition to Emperor Taizong, stating:
730:
41:
1582:
1610:
1787:
866:
664:
1657:
856:
641:
123:
958:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
784:
1391:
314:, which was then a vassal of Eastern Tujue, as part of the negotiations, Ashina Duobi sent Ashina Simo to meet with
1562:
1242:
580:
272:
541:
536:
426:
1756:
1177:
1081:
45:
1637:
1620:
1305:
951:
327:
244:
925:
1664:
1625:
1615:
982:
331:
1632:
306:'s descendants, who did not want succession crisis. In 624, during a dispute that Eastern Tujue had with
1605:
1572:
1557:
315:
525:
during Chuluo and Xieli’s time, he could not become a shad (she 設) in command of the army till the end.
1567:
1827:
1807:
1547:
1537:
1345:
1159:
1152:
373:
1207:
1124:
748:
248:
1473:
1350:
808:
372:, and also held an imperial feast in Ashina Simo's honor. He created the Eastern Tujue princes
224:(Göktürk) royal house who was given the title of Khan of Eastern Tujue for several years, as a
1577:
1542:
1480:
1330:
1212:
736:
726:
549:
504:
more than Göktürks. Simo's Sogdian-like appearance aroused suspicion towards him from Khagans
795:
725:. Onat, Ayşe., İzgi, Özkan., Türk Tarih Kurumu. (3 cilt birarada 1. baskı ed.). Ankara.
1669:
1335:
1217:
1138:
861:
851:
627:
621:
496:
483:
307:
229:
179:
1489:
1434:
1398:
1320:
1315:
251:
in 639, he changed his mind and decided to resettle the Eastern Tujue people between the
1468:
1463:
1363:
1197:
1166:
1145:
1047:
1024:
974:
871:
779:
455:
388:
191:
1781:
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1552:
1458:
1409:
1340:
1235:
1227:
1131:
1101:
1014:
513:
509:
286:
221:
289:
His father Tugruq Shad (咄六設) was a son of Taspar, which would make him to senior to
1761:
1429:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1222:
1106:
1063:
1034:
1029:
1009:
1004:
999:
918:
907:
377:
365:
349:
311:
303:
278:
232:
159:
74:
1273:
1495:
1444:
1439:
1414:
1325:
1260:
1255:
1192:
1091:
993:
668:
635:, which ended in 645, but did not explicitly state that he died that year. See
479:
438:
410:
369:
357:
294:
256:
135:
645:
565:
Portrayed by Leo Wu as Ashile sun in 2021 Chinese historical drama (TV series)
1587:
1355:
1266:
1250:
1116:
1096:
1054:
935:
505:
434:
353:
298:
290:
252:
187:
84:
61:
740:
1377:
1370:
475:
401:
361:
260:
1040:
811:, txt: ‘思摩者, 頡利族人也. 始畢、處羅以其貌似胡人, 不類突厥, 疑非阿史那族類, 故歷處羅, 頡利世, 常為夾畢特勒, 終不得典兵為設’
17:
1705:
1532:
1512:
1384:
553:
501:
451:
430:
418:
396:
If that happens, I request permission to withdraw within the Great Wall.
200:
195:
1740:
1730:
459:
414:
154:
112:
1766:
1725:
1700:
1685:
1522:
1202:
1070:
694:
422:
384:
267:
During the reigns of Ashina Duojishi, Ashina Silifu, and Ashina Duobi
225:
183:
486:, where Emperor Taizong would eventually be buried himself as well.
478:. It was said that after Ashina Simo returned to the Tang capital
277:
He was born in 583. What is known is that he was of the same royal
1735:
1715:
1710:
1695:
1527:
1517:
1187:
1019:
522:
406:
282:
947:
425:) and sought emergency aid. Emperor Taizong sent the generals
1720:
631:
indicated that Ashina Simo died shortly after returning from
943:
318:, and Emperor Gaozu honored Ashina Simo with the title of
1749:
1678:
1596:
1505:
1408:
1304:
1176:
1080:
981:
837:, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002), p. 296
165:
153:
134:
118:
102:
90:
80:
70:
60:
52:
32:
1798:Tang dynasty generals at war against the Göktürks
500:described Ashina Simo's appearance as resembling
330:launched a major attack commanded by the general
576:Emperor Taizong's campaign against Eastern Tujue
443:
393:
1813:Tang dynasty generals at war against Xueyantuo
1793:Tang dynasty generals at war against Goguryeo
959:
8:
633:Emperor Taizong's campaign against Goguryeo
966:
952:
944:
898:
753:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
29:
326:continued even after Emperor Gaozu's son
259:, to serve as a buffer between Tang and
612:
592:
926:Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
746:
535:Portrayed by Im Byung-ki in 2006-2007
199:
131:
27:Qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
380:(阿史那泥熟) as Ashina Simo's assistants.
201:[dʐʱi̯ə˥li̯əkbʱi̯etkʰɑ˥ɣɑn˩˥]
7:
835:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
716:
714:
688:
686:
1833:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
559:Secret History of Princess Taiping
25:
1818:Ashina house of the Turkic Empire
512:and prevented Simo from becoming
1803:Tang dynasty nonimperial princes
599:特勤 Teqin is miscopied as 特勒 Tele
470:Emperor Taizong soon launched a
1583:Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription
360:. The Tujue people, fearful of
216:(乙彌泥孰俟力苾可汗), Tang noble title
1:
1606:Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara
1823:7th-century monarchs in Asia
1653:Tang Western Turk campaigns
220:(懷化王), was a member of the
204:, died 647), personal name
1849:
1643:Tang Eastern Turk campaign
1563:Turks in the Tang military
1243:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
581:Turks in the Tang military
273:Turks in the Tang military
270:
932:
923:
915:
901:
141:
130:
39:
1178:Western Turkic Khaganate
1082:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
721:Ahmet., Taşağıl (2012).
472:major attack on Goguryeo
335:created Ashina Simo the
212:(李思摩), full regal title
46:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1306:Second Turkic Khaganate
824:19. p. 201-202. note 13
245:Emperor Taizong of Tang
190:): ch'i-li-pi k'o-han,
983:First Turkic Khaganate
527:
448:
398:
214:Yiminishuqilibi Khagan
208:(阿史那思摩), Chinese name
142:Yǐmíníshúqílìbiékěhàn
1573:Tonyukuk inscriptions
1558:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb
518:
316:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
281:clan as the khans of
271:Further information:
1611:Göktürk–Persian wars
1451:Mengchi Protectorate
1422:Kunling Protectorate
466:After return to Tang
1757:Göktürk family tree
1548:Orkhon inscriptions
1538:Old Turkic language
1346:Kutluk Yabgu Khagan
865:, vol. 215, part 1.
855:, vol. 194, part 1.
671:on October 11, 2007
662:, vol. 140, part 1.
648:on October 11, 2007
642:"舊唐書 列傳 卷一百四一至一百五十"
639:, vol. 194, part 1
490:Physical Appearance
1392:Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun
1208:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1125:Ashina Jiesheshuai
665:"唐書 列傳 第一百四十至一百四五"
530:In popular culture
249:Ashina Jiesheshuai
186:): qílìbì kěhàn, (
1775:
1774:
1638:Göktürk civil war
1633:Goguryeo–Tang War
1578:Ongin inscription
1543:Old Turkic script
1481:Anxi Protectorate
942:
941:
933:Succeeded by
693:Suzuki, Kosetsu.
337:Prince of Huaihua
218:Prince of Huaihua
173:
172:
149:
148:
110:(aged 63–64)
16:(Redirected from
1840:
1670:Battle of Bolchu
1665:Li-Sun rebellion
1218:Sy Yabghu Khagan
968:
961:
954:
945:
916:Preceded by
899:
862:New Book of Tang
852:Old Book of Tang
838:
831:
825:
818:
812:
805:
799:
793:
787:
776:
770:
765:
759:
758:
752:
744:
718:
709:
708:
706:
705:
690:
681:
680:
678:
676:
667:. Archived from
660:New Book of Tang
657:
655:
653:
644:. Archived from
637:Old Book of Tang
628:New Book of Tang
622:Old Book of Tang
617:
600:
597:
497:Old Book of Tang
484:Empress Zhangsun
339:in 23 July 630.
320:Prince of Heshun
285:, a grandson of
203:
132:
109:
30:
21:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1788:Göktürk khagans
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1745:
1674:
1598:
1592:
1506:Göktürk culture
1501:
1490:Tokhara Yabghus
1435:Ashina Yuanqing
1412:
1404:
1399:El Bilga Khatun
1321:Qapaghan Qaghan
1316:Ilterish Qaghan
1308:
1300:
1180:
1172:
1084:
1076:
985:
977:
972:
938:
929:
921:
911:
904:
847:
842:
841:
832:
828:
819:
815:
806:
802:
794:
790:
780:Zhizhi Tongjian
777:
773:
766:
762:
745:
733:
720:
719:
712:
703:
701:
699:The Toyo Gakuho
692:
691:
684:
674:
672:
663:
651:
649:
640:
618:
614:
609:
604:
603:
598:
594:
589:
572:
532:
492:
468:
345:
328:Emperor Taizong
275:
269:
241:
145:
143:
126:
111:
107:
97:
95:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1773:
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1751:
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1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
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1618:
1608:
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1600:
1594:
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1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
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1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1469:Ashina Huaidao
1466:
1464:Ashina Huseluo
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1364:Ashina Duoxifu
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1198:Heshana Qaghan
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1167:Ashina Shibobi
1163:
1156:
1149:
1146:Ashina Nishufu
1142:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1048:Empress Ashina
1044:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:Ishbara Qaghan
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
989:
987:
979:
978:
973:
971:
970:
963:
956:
948:
940:
939:
934:
931:
922:
917:
913:
912:
905:
902:
897:
896:
872:Zizhi Tongjian
868:
858:
846:
843:
840:
839:
826:
813:
800:
788:
771:
760:
731:
710:
682:
611:
610:
608:
605:
602:
601:
591:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
578:
571:
568:
567:
566:
563:
546:
531:
528:
491:
488:
467:
464:
389:Inner Mongolia
344:
341:
268:
265:
240:
237:
192:Middle Chinese
171:
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167:
163:
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157:
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128:
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100:
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88:
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82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
37:
36:
33:Qilibi Qaghan
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1845:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
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1821:
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1816:
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1644:
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1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
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1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
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1553:Orkhon Valley
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66:13 August 639
65:
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43:
38:
31:
19:
1762:Ashina tribe
1597:Göktürk wars
1430:Ashina Mishe
1351:Özmiş Khagan
1295:Ashina Tuizi
1288:Tardush Shad
1281:Ashina Duzhi
1223:Duolu Qaghan
1153:Ashide Wenfu
1117:Chebi Qaghan
1111:
1107:Illig Qaghan
1102:Chulo Qaghan
1097:Shibi Qaghan
1064:Yangsu Tegin
1035:Tulan Qaghan
1030:Bagha Qaghan
1020:Ashina Anluo
1010:Muqan Qaghan
1005:Issik Qaghan
1000:Bumin Qaghan
936:Chebi Qaghan
924:
919:Illig Qaghan
906:
903:Qilibi Khan
870:
860:
850:
834:
829:
821:
816:
803:
791:
778:
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722:
702:. Retrieved
698:
673:. Retrieved
669:the original
659:
650:. Retrieved
646:the original
636:
626:
620:
615:
595:
557:
552:in the 2012
540:
519:
495:
493:
469:
449:
444:
399:
394:
382:
378:Ashina Nishu
374:Ashina Zhong
366:Zhenzhu Khan
346:
336:
324:
319:
312:Tang dynasty
304:Issik Khagan
299:Illig Khagan
291:Shibi Khagan
276:
242:
233:Tang dynasty
217:
213:
209:
205:
175:
174:
169:Tughruq Shad
94:Ashina Simo
75:Illig Qaghan
40:
1599:and battles
1568:Ülüş system
1496:Turk Shahis
1445:Ashina Zhen
1440:Ashina Xian
1415:Jimi system
1331:Bilgä Qaǧan
1326:Inel Qaghan
1256:Irbis Seguy
1213:Külüg Sibir
1193:Niri Qaghan
1092:Yami Qaghan
994:Ashina Tuwu
908:Ashina Clan
723:Gök-Türkler
675:October 31,
652:October 31,
439:bride price
376:(阿史那忠) and
370:Li Xiaogong
358:Gobi Desert
257:Gobi Desert
206:Ashina Simo
176:Qilibi Khan
136:Regnal name
108:(647-05-16)
71:Predecessor
18:Ashina Simo
1828:583 births
1808:645 deaths
1782:Categories
1588:Qara bodun
1474:Ashina Xin
1356:Ashina Shi
1267:Bagha Shad
1251:Yukuk Shad
1055:Apa Qaghan
822:Inner Asia
796:Skaff 2012
704:2018-07-28
607:References
539:TV series
435:Li Daliang
427:Zhang Jian
354:Great Wall
253:Great Wall
239:Background
188:Wade-Giles
182:: 俟力苾可汗, (
144:乙彌泥熟俟利苾可汗
106:16 May 647
85:Chebi Khan
62:Coronation
1648:Xueyantuo
1498:(665–870)
1492:(625-758)
1378:Kul Tigin
1371:Kulun Beg
1309:(682–744)
1274:Böri Shad
1181:(581–657)
1085:(581–630)
986:(552–581)
809:vol. 194a
749:cite book
741:880367410
550:Yuan Hong
476:Qibi Heli
402:Mount Tai
362:Xueyantuo
343:As khagan
261:Xueyantuo
81:Successor
56:639 - 647
1658:Conquest
1533:Kurultai
1513:Tengrism
1385:Tonyukuk
975:Göktürks
930:639–645
875:, vols.
798:, p. 95.
768:兩千年中西曆轉換
625:and the
570:See also
554:Hunan TV
502:Sogdians
480:Chang'an
452:Goguryeo
431:Li Shiji
419:Shuozhou
356:and the
348:surname
255:and the
196:Guangyun
124:Zhaoling
1741:Elteber
1731:Tarkhan
845:Sources
785:vol 197
556:series
460:Shaanxi
332:Li Jing
230:Chinese
228:of the
210:Li Simo
180:Chinese
113:Changan
44:of the
1767:Ashide
1750:Family
1726:Khatun
1701:Yabghu
1686:Khagan
1679:Titles
1621:Second
1523:Otuken
1413:under
1261:Hallig
1203:Sheguy
1071:Tamgan
1041:Istämi
739:
729:
510:Chuluo
423:Shanxi
413:, and
385:Hohhot
279:Ashina
243:After
226:vassal
184:Pinyin
166:Father
160:Ashina
119:Burial
42:Qaghan
1736:Ishad
1716:Tudun
1711:Boyla
1706:Bagha
1696:Tegin
1626:Third
1616:First
1528:Suyab
1518:Asena
1188:Tardu
587:Notes
523:Teqin
506:Shibi
456:Yulin
407:Huige
308:China
283:Tujue
155:House
96:阿史那思摩
53:Reign
35:俟力苾可汗
1691:Shad
755:link
737:OCLC
727:ISBN
677:2007
658:and
654:2007
619:The
514:Shad
508:and
494:The
411:Mohe
297:and
103:Died
91:Born
1721:Beg
893:197
889:196
885:195
881:193
877:191
537:SBS
310:'s
194:: (
98:583
1784::
891:,
887:,
883:,
879:,
783:,
751:}}
747:{{
735:.
713:^
697:.
685:^
516:.
458:,
433:,
429:,
421:,
415:Xi
409:,
387:,
350:Li
322:.
293:,
235:.
198:)
1401:)
1397:(
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992:(
967:e
960:t
953:v
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757:)
743:.
707:.
679:.
656:.
562:.
545:.
178:(
20:)
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