2913:
81:
135:
393:'), reflecting the same group encompassed by the English ethnonym for the Roma ("Gypsies"). They see the alternate origins as part of a larger phenomenon whereby groups such as the Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians, as part of an effort to achieve greater civil emancipation and to escape anti-Roma prejudice, made an effort to separate themselves from other Roma and constructed a novel history for their peoples.
570:. Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians reject having any relation with the Roma. The Ashkali and Roma claim the Egyptians as their own; whereas the Ashkali and Egyptians dispute over each other's background. No television or radio channels are dedicated to Kosovo's Ashkali or Egyptian minority audiences. Circumcision celebrations of their sons are pompously organized by the Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians.
153:
99:
557:
117:
63:
431:
The origin of the
Ashkali remains scientifically unexplained. The Ashkali community leaders have constructed a few narratives. According to the Persian narrative, the Ashkali people originated in Persia in the 4th century. According to the Italian narrative, which is based on folk etymology, they are
547:
In
Albania, however, the Balkan Egyptian community is fully integrated into Albanian society and culture, having a high educational and employment rate as well, although a good percentage of the community do not identify as Balkan Egyptian due to cultural integration and also because of negative
512:
and
Albania, rather than Kosovo. In the Macedonian census of 2002, 3,713 people identified as Egyptian, while in the Serbian census of 2002 (excluding Kosovo), 814 people identified as Egyptian. In the Montenegrin census, on the other hand, 225 people identified as Egyptian.
732:
385:, Egyptian soldiers went to Albania. However, historians maintain that during the Ottoman era the Balkan Egyptians and other Balkan Roma were part of a single community that was called by the Ottomans
548:
stereotypes about people of color. Despite the fact that most Balkan
Egyptians in Albania tend to have typical Mediterranean features, fair skin and light features are not uncommon.
455:
Roma, who had been mistakenly viewed as pro-Serbian. However, viewed by the majority population as pro-Serbian Roma, they were persecuted by
Albanian nationalists in the presence of
2944:
1274:"Notes made from the Ashkali and Egyptian communities for the shadow report on the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in Kosovo"
2720:
2832:
739:
1460:
1012:
Lichnofky, C. (2013). "Ashkali and
Egyptians in Kosovo: New ethnic identifications as a result of exclusion during nationalist violence from 1990 till 2010".
2293:
1522:
447:. After the war ended in 1999, some of them reaffirmed their identity as Ashkali to show their pro-Albanian stance and distinguish themselves from the
2937:
2165:
2426:
2713:
382:
3095:
3070:
2825:
1131:
976:
904:
306:
765:"Third Report Submitted by Serbia Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities"
2930:
3090:
2687:
2621:
2461:
1407:
Marushiakova, Elena; Heuss, Herbert; Boev, Ivan; Rychlik, Jan; Ragaru, Nadege; Zemon, Rubin; Popov, Vesselin; Friedman, Victor (2001).
472:
2491:
589:
496:
992:
786:
3080:
3044:
3023:
2799:
2706:
1327:
401:
3085:
3075:
2818:
2576:
2566:
2288:
329:, Egyptians usually do not. The two groups are not clearly delineated. Though they differ linguistically and culturally from the
2466:
508:
Most
Ashkali live in Kosovo, but they also reside in Serbia and Montenegro, while most Balkan Egyptians are thought to live in
928:
2912:
2784:
1515:
662:
2877:
2158:
840:
712:"1.1.13 Popullsia banuese sipas përkatësisë etnike dhe kulturore sipas Përkatësia etnike dhe kulturore, Variabla dhe Viti"
2779:
2645:
341:
The origins of the Balkan
Egyptians are obscure, but some Balkan historians trace the origin of Balkan Egyptians to the
1273:
2996:
2561:
409:
3039:
2953:
2546:
2406:
2401:
2183:
2046:
1999:
405:
283:
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2586:
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1750:
1508:
832:
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2451:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2396:
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2151:
1589:
325:
of 1999, the Balkan
Egyptians or Ashkali people registered themselves as Albanians. While some Ashkali speak
3013:
2986:
2841:
2660:
2640:
2601:
2596:
2581:
2571:
2551:
2536:
2531:
2501:
2486:
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2441:
2431:
1716:
1701:
1544:
599:
444:
255:
231:
207:
1470:
500:) was formed in 2000 under Sabit Rrahmani, who supported Kosovo's independence in the name of all Ashkali.
2979:
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2789:
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2635:
2616:
2541:
2526:
2476:
1596:
942:
594:
420:
2891:
2862:
2769:
2759:
2753:
2511:
2318:
1611:
1368:
805:
357:
dance group in the region. They also attribute archaeological structures in the area, notably in modern
1410:
Identity
Formation among Minorities in the Balkans: The cases of Roms, Egyptians and Ashkali in Kosovo
2991:
2626:
2110:
872:
1484:
3018:
2969:
2764:
2298:
1171:
711:
274:
2857:
2085:
1994:
1977:
1920:
1448:
1434:
1408:
1301:
1194:
1137:
1093:. Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE)
1029:
579:
1112:
Elena Marushiakova; Vesselin Popov, eds. (2021). "Chapetr 1: The Genesis of Roma Emancipation".
1213:
1070:
2774:
2100:
2036:
1989:
1656:
1250:
1127:
972:
910:
900:
868:
374:
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294:
266:
173:
423:
of North Macedonia, which was attended by representatives from different Balkan countries.
3065:
2852:
2677:
2105:
1895:
1788:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1579:
1495:
1186:
1119:
1021:
892:
888:
246:
222:
198:
185:
2902:
2219:
2174:
1967:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1813:
1793:
1721:
1584:
1381:
818:
509:
476:
326:
318:
86:
1455:
1113:
521:
544:. The Ashkali as well as the Egyptian community of Kosovo had 98% unemployment in 2009.
2887:
2521:
2080:
2073:
2056:
1938:
1900:
1803:
1778:
1691:
1661:
1644:
1621:
1557:
480:
993:"Post-war Kosovo and its policies towards the Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptian communities"
3059:
2872:
2303:
2271:
2209:
2063:
2041:
1860:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1808:
1798:
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1606:
1569:
1242:
1198:
1141:
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378:
354:
330:
33:
17:
432:
colonists from ancient Rome. According to the Semitic narrative, they originated in
2964:
2897:
2670:
2354:
2349:
2239:
2234:
2132:
2125:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1783:
1768:
1728:
1681:
1649:
1629:
1254:
1740:
1490:
1354:"The Rite of Male Circumcision among the Muslim Population in the Western Balkans"
966:
687:
2366:
2278:
2266:
1910:
1830:
1823:
1773:
1461:
Differences of prejudices and collective blames toward to the Balkan’s Egyptians
1328:"Bildungsprojekt in Kosovo - "Diese Kinder Roma zu nennen, das wäre verletzend""
1087:
1123:
2922:
2361:
2339:
2283:
2229:
2095:
2068:
1928:
1855:
1763:
1442:
1428:
1190:
896:
556:
464:
440:
322:
314:
140:
914:
2740:
2244:
2224:
2051:
1946:
1666:
1552:
528:. Kosovo's Egyptian community is mostly to be found in its western part, in
419:
In 1990, an Egyptian association was formed in Ohrid, from which sprung the
346:
2698:
2006:
2810:
377:. It is also possible that the Balkan Egyptians can be traced back to the
301:
ethnic cultural minorities (recognized communities), which mainly inhabit
2867:
2261:
2254:
2031:
1818:
1639:
1564:
1159:(in Bulgarian). София: Академично издателство "Марин Дринов". p. 57.
541:
433:
342:
1047:
2344:
2090:
2026:
1984:
1885:
1835:
1758:
1671:
1634:
529:
517:
484:
468:
452:
310:
158:
104:
1403:
Dragan Novaković, Potomci faraona u Srbiji, DT Magazin, 4. April 1998.
1025:
516:
Ashkali are predominant in the central and eastern regions of Kosovo:
2313:
2249:
2214:
2204:
2115:
1686:
1676:
1601:
1430:
Gypsy Blood: The Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian IDPs of Mitrovica, Kosovo
884:
880:
733:"Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији"
525:
488:
460:
448:
439:
The Ashkali were aligned with Albanians before, during and after the
412:, to be related to the Balkan Egyptians, possible descendants of the
362:
350:
302:
298:
122:
68:
1500:
1353:
2371:
2308:
2143:
1972:
1962:
1574:
584:
566:
533:
390:
358:
1456:
NEW ETHNIC IDENTITIES IN THE BALKANS: THE CASE OF THE EGYPTIANS
1447:(in Albanian), ECMI Kosovo (Youtube channel), 12 February 2013,
929:"Minority political representation: Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians"
833:"Population by ethnicity – detailed classification, 2011 Census"
764:
537:
459:
forces. As the majority of Kosovo Roma, many of them settled in
456:
366:
2926:
2814:
2702:
2147:
1504:
333:, they have often been grouped together under the acronym RAE.
1475:
49:
Komuniteti Ashkali dhe Komuniteti i Egjiptianëve të Ballkanit
1465:
1048:"Cult Of Isis in Ancient Rome | UNRV.com Roman History"
875:; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašić, Ahmet; Racius, Egdunas (eds.).
564:
In Kosovo, Roma and Ashkali do not classify one another as
443:. During the war, many were sent to refugee camps with the
1305:
641:
1,834 Balkan Egyptians and 997 Ashkali at the 2011 census
396:
A 14th-century reference to a placename (Агѹповы клѣти,
288:
32:"Ashkali" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see
663:"Population - by gender ethnicity at settlement level"
1444:
TV Debate with Ashkali and Egyptian Community Members
260:
236:
212:
2384:
2327:
2197:
2190:
2019:
1955:
1937:
1919:
1749:
1620:
1543:
1536:
837:
Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011
179:
167:
149:
131:
113:
95:
77:
59:
54:
47:
738:(in Serbian). Statistics of Serbia. Archived from
1416:. Sofia: Minority Studies Society, Studii Romani.
862:
860:
858:
998:. Harvard: School of Public Health. July 2014.
2938:
2826:
2714:
2289:Scandinavian Travellers (Tavinger, Romanisæl)
2159:
1516:
1007:
1005:
8:
689:Statistički godišnik na Republika Makedonija
42:
1172:"Balkan Egyptians and Gypsy/Roma Discourse"
1155:Даскалова, Ангелина; Мария Райкова (2005).
2945:
2931:
2923:
2833:
2819:
2811:
2721:
2707:
2699:
2194:
2166:
2152:
2144:
1540:
1523:
1509:
1501:
618:15,436 Ashkali and 11,524 Balkan Egyptians
41:
1476:The New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo (
555:
1118:. Brill. pp. 1–32 at 16 & 28.
965:Valeriu Nicolae; Hannah Slavik (2007).
654:
611:
1377:
1366:
1268:
1266:
1264:
814:
803:
271:Komuniteti i Egjiptianëve të Ballkanit
1478:Iniciativa e re Demokrarike e Kosovës
1451:from the original on 22 December 2021
1437:from the original on 22 December 2021
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
408:was thought by some authors, such as
7:
1247:Balkan Egyptians and Ashkali history
381:; other versions are that after the
55:Regions with significant populations
1485:New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo
1352:Novik, Alexander (1 January 2020).
767:. Council of Europe. pp. 14–15
628:
626:
624:
590:Democratic Ashkali Party of Kosovo
497:Democratic Ashkali Party of Kosovo
25:
1214:"History of the Balkan Egyptians"
1071:"History of the Balkan Egyptians"
719:INSTAT - Instituti i Statistikave
692:(in Macedonian). 2007. p. 55
383:Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani
2911:
151:
133:
115:
97:
79:
61:
1170:Trubeta, Sevasti (March 2005).
337:History of the Balkan Egyptians
792:. Statistics of Montenegro: 46
632:Identified as Balkan Egyptians
1:
1363:– via www.academia.edu.
1245:. In Ailincai, Aurora (ed.).
1243:"History of Ashkali identity"
877:Yearbook of Muslims in Europe
841:Croatian Bureau of Statistics
345:, citing vague references in
3096:Muslim communities in Europe
3071:Ethnic groups in the Balkans
2335:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
2121:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
787:"STATISTIČKI GODIŠNJAK 2011"
43:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
2954:Ethnic groups of Montenegro
1471:Union of Balkan's Egyptians
1241:Zemon, Rubin (April 2010).
1157:Грамоти на българските царе
289:
261:
237:
213:
3112:
3091:Ethnic groups in Vojvodina
1124:10.30965/9783657705184_002
406:Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
31:
3032:
2960:
2909:
2848:
2749:
2736:
2181:
1191:10.1080/00905990500053788
897:10.1163/9789004255869_025
494:The first Ashkali party (
278:
250:
226:
202:
184:
172:
3081:Ethnic groups in Albania
2730:Ethnic groups in Albania
410:Konstantin Josef Jireček
3086:Ethnic groups in Serbia
3076:Ethnic groups in Kosovo
2892:Ashkali & Egyptians
2842:Ethnic groups in Kosovo
600:Romani people in Kosovo
445:Romani people in Kosovo
2800:Serbs and Montenegrins
2427:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1487:, based in Switzerland
1376:Cite journal requires
1115:Roma Voices in History
867:Ismaili, Besa (2013).
813:Cite journal requires
595:Egyptian Liberal Party
561:
421:Egyptian Liberal Party
373:was widespread in the
270:
217:), otherwise known as
1491:Minority Rights Group
1466:Egjiptianëve Kosovarë
559:
18:Ashkali and Egyptians
1496:Ashkali flag at FAME
1179:Nationalities Papers
891:. pp. 369–381.
365:, as temples of the
3045:Demographic history
2294:Scottish Travellers
349:of the presence of
44:
2230:English Romanichal
2000:in the Netherlands
1590:in the Netherlands
873:Nielsen, Jørgen S.
580:Albanians in Egypt
562:
467:. Others moved to
427:History of Ashkali
262:Balkanski Egipćani
251:Балкански Египћани
3053:
3052:
3002:Ashkali-Egyptians
2920:
2919:
2808:
2807:
2696:
2695:
2380:
2379:
2141:
2140:
2101:Megleno-Romanians
2015:
2014:
1531:Muslims in Europe
1308:on 9 January 2016
1251:Council of Europe
1133:978-3-657-70518-4
1088:"Roma of Albania"
1026:10.3828/rs.2013.2
978:978-1-932716-33-7
906:978-90-04-25586-9
479:and the whole of
375:Greco-Roman world
371:Mysteries of Isis
287:
259:
235:
211:
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
3103:
3005:
2983:
2947:
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2933:
2924:
2915:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
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2195:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
1717:Western Thracian
1541:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1452:
1438:
1417:
1415:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1374:
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1362:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1304:. Archived from
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1292:
1291:
1289:
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1278:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
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1038:
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989:
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947:
946:
945:. 12 March 2018.
939:
933:
932:
931:. 19 April 2017.
925:
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889:Brill Publishers
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673:
667:
659:
642:
639:
633:
630:
619:
616:
355:Ancient Egyptian
292:
282:
280:
264:
254:
252:
243:Balkan Egyptians
240:
230:
228:
216:
206:
204:
186:Cultural Muslims
157:
155:
154:
139:
137:
136:
121:
119:
118:
103:
101:
100:
85:
83:
82:
67:
65:
64:
45:
21:
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3110:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3028:
2999:
2977:
2956:
2951:
2921:
2916:
2907:
2844:
2839:
2809:
2804:
2745:
2732:
2727:
2697:
2692:
2624:
2567:North Macedonia
2376:
2323:
2220:Burgenland Roma
2186:
2177:
2175:Romani diaspora
2172:
2142:
2137:
2011:
1951:
1933:
1915:
1751:North Caucasian
1745:
1657:Dobrujan Tatars
1616:
1532:
1529:
1441:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1375:
1365:
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1334:
1332:Deutschlandfunk
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1046:
1045:
1041:
1011:
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995:
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990:
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979:
964:
963:
950:
941:
940:
936:
927:
926:
922:
907:
879:. Vol. 5.
866:
865:
856:
846:
844:
843:. December 2012
831:
830:
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812:
802:
795:
793:
789:
785:
784:
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770:
768:
763:
762:
758:
748:
746:
745:on 14 June 2017
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735:
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710:
709:
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651:
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645:
640:
636:
631:
622:
617:
613:
608:
576:
554:
510:North Macedonia
506:
429:
339:
321:. Prior to the
319:North Macedonia
307:southern Serbia
152:
150:
134:
132:
116:
114:
98:
96:
87:North Macedonia
80:
78:
62:
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50:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2777:
2772:
2767:
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1422:External links
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414:Doms in Egypt
411:
407:
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398:Agupovy klěti
394:
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388:
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379:Doms in Egypt
376:
372:
368:
364:
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352:
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309:, as well as
308:
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112:
108:
106:
94:
90:
88:
76:
72:
70:
58:
53:
46:
35:
34:Ashkali, Iran
30:
19:
3040:Demographics
3001:
2965:Montenegrins
2883:Montenegrins
2334:
2240:Finnish Kale
2235:Erromintxela
2126:Crimean Roma
2120:
1729:Volga Tatars
1682:Lipka Tatars
1650:Crimean Roma
1630:Azerbaijanis
1477:
1443:
1429:
1409:
1369:cite journal
1357:. Retrieved
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:
1255:ResearchGate
1253:– via
1246:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:
1207:
1185:(1): 71–95.
1182:
1178:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1114:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1082:
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1042:
1020:(1): 29–60.
1017:
1013:
987:
967:
937:
923:
876:
845:. Retrieved
836:
827:
806:cite journal
794:. Retrieved
781:
769:. Retrieved
759:
747:. Retrieved
740:the original
727:
718:
706:
694:. Retrieved
688:
682:
670:. Retrieved
668:. p. 11
657:
637:
614:
565:
563:
560:Ashkali Flag
546:
522:Fushë Kosova
515:
507:
504:Demographics
495:
493:
438:
430:
418:
402:Rila Charter
397:
395:
389:(literally '
386:
367:Goddess Isis
340:
242:
218:
194:
192:
39:Ethnic group
29:
27:Ethnic group
3009:Macedonians
2863:Circassians
2790:Macedonians
2646:Switzerland
2625: [
2577:Netherlands
2279:Polska Roma
2267:Muslim Roma
2198:Uncontested
2184:Settlements
1831:Circassians
1398:Cited works
1312:26 December
1281:Minelres.lv
943:"StackPath"
3060:Categories
2770:Bulgarians
2754:Aromanians
2562:Montenegro
2385:By country
2319:Welsh Kale
2284:Ruska Roma
2096:Pakistanis
2086:Macedonian
2069:Vallahades
1995:in Belgium
1921:Kartvelian
1896:Tabasarans
1764:Abkhazians
1712:Meskhetian
1702:Dodecanese
1580:in Germany
1286:15 October
1050:. Unrv.com
839:. Zagreb:
649:References
483:, such as
465:Montenegro
441:Kosovo war
369:, but the
323:Kosovo War
315:Montenegro
297:-speaking
275:Macedonian
141:Montenegro
3014:Yugoslavs
2987:Albanians
2853:Albanians
2741:Albanians
2547:Lithuania
2407:Australia
2402:Argentina
2362:Bosha/Lom
2328:Contested
2299:Sepečides
2245:Kalderash
2225:Cascarots
2191:Subgroups
2106:Ossetians
2091:Maghrebis
2081:Hemshenis
2052:Adjarians
2047:Georgians
2037:Bulgarian
1990:in France
1968:in Europe
1947:Besermyan
1871:Khwarshis
1866:Khinalugs
1814:Chamalals
1794:Bagvalals
1667:Karachays
1585:in France
1553:Albanians
1393:Footnotes
1302:"Ashkali"
1199:155028453
1142:242216553
1034:143787353
915:1877-1432
477:Macedonia
400:) in the
347:Herodotus
284:romanized
256:romanized
241:) and/or
238:Haškalije
232:romanized
227:Хашкалије
208:romanized
168:Languages
3036:See also
2975:Bosniaks
2858:Bosniaks
2780:Italians
2765:Bosniaks
2756:(Vlachs)
2612:Slovenia
2607:Slovakia
2587:Portugal
2447:Colombia
2437:Bulgaria
2262:Manouche
2255:Machvaya
2057:Ingiloys
2032:Bengalis
2020:Minority
1978:in Spain
1901:Tsakhurs
1819:Chechens
1779:Akhvakhs
1640:Bashkirs
1565:Bosniaks
1537:Majority
1449:archived
1435:archived
1433:, 2005,
1226:10 March
971:. IDEA.
869:"Kosovo"
574:See also
434:Ashkelon
343:Iron Age
295:Albanian
267:Albanian
219:Hashkali
214:Aškalije
203:Ашкалије
180:Religion
174:Albanian
3066:Ashkali
2980:Muslims
2890: (
2760:Ashkali
2683:Uruguay
2666:Ukraine
2656:Tunisia
2592:Romania
2557:Moldova
2517:Ireland
2507:Hungary
2497:Germany
2492:Georgia
2482:Estonia
2472:Denmark
2452:Croatia
2422:Belgium
2417:Belarus
2412:Austria
2397:Algeria
2392:Albania
2350:Kawliya
2345:Garachi
2272:Zargari
2027:Afghans
1985:Berbers
1886:Lezgins
1836:Dargins
1804:Botlikh
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1911:Tsez
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