71:
760:. Adult females and their young form stable clans of as many as 30 individuals which have home ranges of 170 to 1,000 ha (420 to 2,470 acres), including areas for resting, grazing, wallowing, and drinking. Clans are led by old cows, even when bulls accompany the group. Several clans form a herd of 30 to 500 animals that gather at resting areas. Adult males form bachelor groups of up to 10 individuals, with older males often being solitary, and spend the dry season apart from the female clans. They are seasonal breeders in most of their range, typically in October and November. However, some populations breed year round. Dominant males mate with the females of a clan who subsequently drive them off. Their
390:
140:
303:
537:
98:
565:
552:. The tip of the tail is bushy; the hooves are large and splayed. It is larger and heavier than the domestic water buffalo, and weighs from 600 to 1,200 kg (1,300 to 2,600 lb). The average weight of three captive wild water buffaloes was 900 kg (2,000 lb). It is among the heaviest living wild bovid species, and is slightly smaller than
547:
The wild water buffalo has an ash-gray to black skin. The moderately long, coarse and sparse hair is directed forward from the haunches to the long and narrow head. There is a tuft on the forehead, and the ears are comparatively small. Its head-to-body-length is 240 to 300 cm (94 to 118 in)
764:
is 10 to 11 months, with an inter-birth interval of one year. They typically give birth to a single offspring, although twins are possible. Age at sexual maturity is 18 months for males, and three years for females. The maximum known lifespan is 25 years in the wild. In the wild in Assam, the herd
548:
with a 60 to 100 cm (24 to 39 in) long tail and a shoulder height of 150 to 190 cm (59 to 75 in). Both sexes carry horns that are heavy at the base and widely spreading up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) along the outer edges, exceeding in size the horns of any other living
372:
since 1986, as the remaining population totals less than 4,000. A population decline of at least 50% over the last three generations (24–30 years) is projected to continue. The global population has been estimated at 3,400 individuals, of which 95% live in India, mostly in
1726:
1745:
667:. In the early 1990s, there may still have been about 3,300–3,500 wild water buffaloes in Assam and the adjacent states of northeast India. In 1997, the number was assessed at less than 1,500 mature individuals.
1768:
Tordoff, A. W., Timmins, R. J., Maxwell, A., Huy
Keavuth, Lic Vuthy and Khou Eang Hourt (eds). (2005). Biological assessment of the Lower Mekong Dry Forests Ecoregion. WWF Greater Mekong Programme. Phnom Penh,
1169:"Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia)"
1443:
Ahrestani, F.S.; Heitkönig, I.M.A.; Matsubayashi, H.; Prins, H.H.T. (2016). "Grazing and
Browsing by Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia". In Ahrestani, F.S.; Sankaran, M. (eds.).
1694:"Revisiting genetic structure of Wild Buffaloes Bubalus arnee Kerr, 1792 (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal: an assessment for translocation programs"
1625:) in the Raipur and Bastar Districts of Madhya Pradesh (Report). Technical Report of the Bombay Natural History Society of the Salim Ali Nature Conservation Fund, SANCF Report No. 3/1988.
1880:
476:
703:
In
Thailand, wild water buffaloes have been reported to occur in small herds of less than 40 individuals. A population of 25–60 individuals inhabited lowland areas of the
976:
696:, a small number of wild water buffaloes occur. This is part of the sub-population that occurs in India's Manas National Park. In Myanmar, a few animals live in
6553:
70:
1230:
1476:
Class, M.; Lechner-Doll, M.; Streich, W. J. (2004). "Differences in the range of fecal dry matter content between feeding types of captive wild ruminants".
707:
between
December 1999 and April 2001. This population has not grown significantly in 15 years, and is maybe interbreeding with domestic water buffaloes.
1692:
Kandel, R. C.; Poudel, R. C.; Sadaula, A.; Kandel, P.; Gairhe, K. P.; Pokheral, C. P.; Bajracharya, S. B.; Chalise, M. K. & Solanki, G. S. (2019).
6666:
685:
and has grown from 63 individuals in 1976 to 219 individuals in 2009. In 2016, 18 individuals were translocated from Koshi Tappu
Wildlife Reserve to
6620:
6462:
6501:
1975:
640:
1275:
Groves, C. P. (2006). "Domesticated and
Commensal Mammals of Austronesia and Their Histories". In Bellwood, P.; Fox, J. J.; Tryon, D. (eds.).
923:"The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications"
541:
1945:
1561:
6711:
1413:
Aryal, A.; Shrestha, T.K.; Ram, A.; Frey, W.; Groves, C.; Hemmer, H.; Dhakal, M.; Koirala, R.J.; Heinen, J.; Raubenheimer, D. (2011).
704:
1827:
1524:
1460:
1397:
1087:
697:
821:
A population reduction by at least 50% over the last three generations seems likely given the severity of the threats, especially
6716:
6527:
102:
1841:"Investigating Habitat Suitability and Conservation Issues of Re-introduced Wild Water Buffalo in Chitwan National Park, Nepal"
636:
904:
In 2023, 4 wild buffalos were translocated to Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger
Reserve to reverse its declining population in the state.
6676:
6506:
1077:
6540:
2327:
1937:
6706:
6691:
3116:
682:
628:
6686:
6488:
632:
6558:
6681:
2396:
1968:
454:
for bovids with large heads, convex-shaped narrow foreheads, laterally bent flat horns, funnel-shaped ears, small
6701:
6696:
5373:
2318:
2309:
871:
693:
31:
139:
656:
644:
5160:
5809:
5322:
5202:
3098:
2758:
2239:
652:
620:
569:
486:
79:
6671:
6402:
2860:
2566:
2485:
1840:
447:
35:
6633:
3265:
2494:
2378:
1961:
1168:
970:
898:
686:
244:
6010:
5040:
389:
1637:
1145:
1122:
6317:
6083:
6074:
6019:
5644:
5608:
5581:
4989:
4980:
4425:
4416:
2782:
2641:
2584:
2530:
1656:
1353:
1303:
1279:. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University. pp. 161–176.
1203:
930:
791:
615:
India hosts 95% of the total global wild buffalo population, with over 2,600 wild water buffaloes in
409:
261:
6263:
5965:
5956:
5704:
5572:
5545:
5481:
5142:
5022:
4971:
2650:
2557:
2148:
715:
711:
624:
413:
359:
87:
1229:
Lau, C. H.; Drinkwater, R. D.; Yusoff, K.; Tan, S. G.; Hetzel, D. J. S.; Barker, J. S. F. (1998).
1031:
921:
K. Suraprasit, J.-J. Jaegar, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, C. Yamee, P. Tian, and S. Panha (2016).
825:; this population trend is projected to continue into the future. The most important threats are:
612:. It is associated with wet grasslands, swamps, flood plains and densely vegetated river valleys.
6440:
6350:
6341:
5635:
4760:
3963:
3954:
3673:
3107:
2575:
2387:
2369:
2248:
1862:
1493:
1338:
1319:
1063:
The Animal
Kingdom or zoological system of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia
887:
674:
or domestic water buffaloes. In the late 1980s, fewer than 100 wild water buffaloes were left in
364:
315:
134:
6638:
5713:
5653:
5617:
5563:
5536:
5527:
5151:
5133:
5067:
1385:
6449:
5983:
5974:
5662:
5590:
5518:
5349:
5331:
5184:
4134:
3529:
3520:
3372:
3274:
3053:
3020:
2963:
2833:
2360:
2221:
1888:
1823:
1520:
1512:
1456:
1393:
1257:
1083:
1054:
958:
521:
516:
are available from wild water buffalo populations. Wild populations are considered to be the
6377:
6131:
6122:
6001:
5842:
5833:
5626:
5298:
5289:
5237:
5228:
5076:
5049:
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4742:
4350:
3776:
3767:
3757:
3730:
3451:
3320:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2285:
2276:
2212:
2139:
2130:
1852:
1705:
1672:
1664:
1601:
1485:
1448:
1361:
1311:
1249:
1211:
1026:
948:
938:
854:
822:
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806:
787:
777:
761:
597:
302:
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6519:
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6098:
6046:
6037:
5818:
4675:
4666:
4143:
3739:
2791:
2701:
2539:
2351:
2230:
2203:
2194:
1929:
1725:
Chaiyarat, R.; Lauhachinda, V.; Kutintara, U.; Bhumpakphan, N.; Prayurasiddhi, T. (2004).
491:, recognizing the validity of this name for a wild species. Most authors have adopted the
405:
1710:
1693:
1660:
1357:
1307:
1207:
934:
524:
within the species is unclear, and also how it is related to the domesticated river and
6307:
6245:
5875:
5866:
5391:
5340:
5261:
5252:
5193:
5031:
4733:
4555:
4546:
4101:
4068:
4050:
3538:
3348:
3223:
3062:
2050:
2022:
953:
922:
675:
536:
1339:"Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China"
6660:
6514:
5932:
5914:
5800:
5737:
5728:
4787:
4522:
4495:
4266:
4176:
4167:
4152:
4017:
3981:
3936:
3873:
3864:
3381:
3339:
3232:
3198:
3188:
3089:
3071:
2734:
2683:
2593:
2157:
1866:
1668:
1253:
1191:
1017:
829:
726:
660:
506:
378:
369:
107:
42:
1780:
1497:
1323:
1291:
1008:
6611:
6326:
6295:
6185:
5857:
5671:
5599:
5472:
5415:
5406:
5124:
5058:
4820:
4778:
4693:
4504:
4224:
4215:
4077:
4008:
3897:
3888:
3630:
3399:
3080:
3035:
3002:
2773:
2665:
2632:
2548:
894:
648:
513:
458:
and slender tails. Later authors subordinated the wild water buffalo under either
6454:
1392:. Vol. 1. Baltimore, USA and London, UK: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
1290:
Flamand, J.R.B.; Vankan, D.; Gairhe, K.P.; Duong, H. & Barker, J.S.F. (2003).
1103:
1857:
6584:
6545:
6532:
6475:
6434:
5947:
5695:
4857:
4811:
4802:
4751:
4703:
4564:
4406:
3999:
3990:
3818:
3612:
3603:
3593:
3487:
3330:
3140:
3131:
3044:
2887:
2809:
2692:
2617:
2608:
1985:
1452:
664:
191:
57:
6425:
1156:(Second ed.). London: British Museum of Natural History. pp. 383–384.
17:
5554:
5454:
5279:
4871:
4293:
4275:
4026:
3721:
3706:
3697:
3664:
3441:
3247:
3164:
3155:
2930:
2921:
2800:
2725:
2266:
2087:
1953:
1881:"Translocation of wild buffaloes brings hope for conservation in Chhattisgarh"
1606:
1589:
1365:
1315:
1215:
843:
839:
753:
564:
517:
1892:
1638:"Population viability and management recommendations for wild water buffalo (
943:
6254:
6175:
6028:
5899:
5890:
5364:
4938:
4929:
4914:
4905:
4769:
4341:
4125:
4059:
3945:
3460:
3256:
2945:
2869:
2749:
2300:
2185:
2175:
2069:
2060:
1007:
Kaul, R.; Williams, A.C.; rithe, k.; Steinmetz, R. & Mishra, R. (2019).
865:
795:
773:
757:
733:
722:
609:
151:
6493:
6221:
1133:. Vol. 5. Class Mammalia. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. pp. 371–373.
962:
6571:
1550:. Gibbon Books, Rhino Foundation, CEPF & COA, Taiwan, Guwahati, India.
1414:
1261:
6605:
6419:
6163:
5791:
5463:
5175:
5013:
4953:
4618:
4317:
3849:
3794:
3682:
3511:
2987:
2978:
2954:
2842:
2716:
2466:
2342:
2038:
2016:
2004:
1677:
850:
589:
585:
432:
171:
61:
1924:
1621:
Divekar, H. K. & Bhusan, B. (1988). Status of wild
Asiatic buffalo (
729:. It is unlikely that any true wild water buffaloes remain there today.
431:, which referred to a female wild water buffalo; the term is related to
6625:
6467:
6368:
6203:
6064:
5923:
5313:
5100:
5091:
5004:
4890:
4881:
4853:
4609:
4513:
4477:
4392:
4388:
4359:
4284:
3972:
3845:
3806:
3390:
3307:
3213:
2476:
2426:
2121:
1489:
858:
782:
769:
737:
605:
593:
525:
492:
394:
355:
221:
211:
201:
832:
with feral and domestic water buffaloes in and around protected areas;
710:
The population in
Cambodia is confined to a small area of easternmost
41:
This article is about the wild species. For the domestic species, see
6480:
6212:
5781:
5686:
5509:
5499:
5115:
4627:
4467:
4449:
4440:
4326:
4248:
4200:
4191:
3649:
3640:
3575:
3566:
3556:
3478:
3011:
2824:
2674:
2010:
1998:
901:
in Nepal to establish a second viable sub-population in the country.
581:
455:
417:
377:. The wild water buffalo is the most likely ancestor of the domestic
181:
161:
6396:
505:
The wild water buffalo is the most likely ancestor of the domestic
6579:
6236:
6194:
5769:
5439:
5430:
4724:
4651:
4642:
4573:
4302:
4257:
4116:
4041:
3921:
3912:
3423:
3414:
2906:
2897:
2106:
2097:
1192:"The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives"
1065:. Edinburgh & London: A. Strahan & T. Cadell. p. 336.
890:, and is legally protected in Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Thailand.
741:
678:. By 1992, only 50 animals were estimated to have survived there.
671:
616:
577:
563:
549:
535:
499:
425:
388:
374:
124:
118:
1915:
5382:
4712:
4600:
4582:
4239:
4092:
3496:
3363:
3179:
2453:
2414:
1562:"Look East: Can Northeast boost water buffalo numbers in India?"
1447:. Ecological Studies. Vol. 225. Springer. pp. 99–120.
1235:): mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome b sequence variation"
799:
601:
553:
6400:
6292:
6160:
5766:
4849:
4384:
3841:
3303:
2449:
2035:
1957:
1822:. Issue 6 of Flora & Fauna handbook. Sandhill Crane Press.
1131:
The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization
5992:
4591:
4537:
3469:
2851:
874:
for food and water between wild water buffaloes and livestock.
794:
on trees and shrubs. They also feed on crops, including rice,
670:
Many surviving populations are thought to have interbred with
460:
1292:"Genetic identification of wild Asian water buffalo in Nepal"
1167:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003).
732:
Wild-living populations found elsewhere in Asia, Australia,
1445:
The Ecology of Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia
639:
and in a few scattered pockets in Assam, and in and around
1590:"The decline of the wild water buffalo in northeast India"
1190:
Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P. (2004).
1337:
Yang, D.Y.; Li Liu; Chen, X. & Speller, C.F. (2008).
725:
are thought to be descendants of the introduced domestic
1519:. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. p. 472.
1154:
Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946
1079:
The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - Production and Research
835:
hunting, especially in Thailand, Cambodia, and Myanmar;
659:. This population might extend into adjacent parts of
412:
in 1792 who described a skull with horns of a buffalo
643:
in Arunachal Pradesh. A small population survives in
6595:
6409:
6367:
6339:
6315:
6306:
6234:
6183:
6174:
6120:
6096:
6072:
6063:
5945:
5912:
5888:
5855:
5831:
5789:
5780:
5726:
5684:
5507:
5498:
5452:
5428:
5404:
5362:
5311:
5287:
5278:
5250:
5226:
5219:
5173:
5113:
5089:
5002:
4951:
4927:
4903:
4879:
4870:
4800:
4701:
4692:
4664:
4640:
4535:
4475:
4466:
4438:
4414:
4405:
4339:
4315:
4237:
4213:
4189:
4165:
4114:
4090:
4039:
3934:
3910:
3886:
3862:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3765:
3756:
3719:
3695:
3662:
3638:
3629:
3601:
3592:
3564:
3555:
3509:
3449:
3440:
3412:
3361:
3328:
3319:
3245:
3211:
3177:
3153:
3129:
3033:
3000:
2976:
2943:
2919:
2895:
2886:
2822:
2771:
2747:
2714:
2663:
2630:
2606:
2474:
2465:
2425:
2413:
2340:
2298:
2274:
2265:
2183:
2174:
2119:
2095:
2086:
2058:
2049:
477:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1785:(Linn), in peninsular India: a preliminary survey"
1731:) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand"
1144:Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966).
1845:Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal
1809:. 2nd edition. Saha Karn Bhaet, Bangkok, Thailand
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1583:
1581:
520:of the modern domestic water buffalo, but the
1969:
1789:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1426:International Journal of Conservation Science
1032:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3129A46364616.en
8:
975:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
619:. It is largely restricted to in and around
498:for the wild water buffalo as valid for the
1548:The vanishing herds: the wild water buffalo
1231:"Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo (
842:areas due to conversion to agriculture and
6397:
6312:
6303:
6289:
6180:
6171:
6157:
6069:
5786:
5777:
5763:
5504:
5284:
5223:
4876:
4867:
4846:
4698:
4472:
4411:
4402:
4381:
3859:
3838:
3762:
3635:
3598:
3561:
3446:
3325:
3316:
3300:
2892:
2471:
2462:
2446:
2271:
2180:
2092:
2055:
2046:
2032:
1976:
1962:
1954:
1415:"Call to conserve the Wild Water Buffalo (
1379:
1377:
1375:
765:size varies from three to 30 individuals.
362:and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as
301:
96:
69:
49:
30:"Arnee" redirects here. For the band, see
1916:IUCN Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group:
1856:
1709:
1676:
1605:
1030:
952:
942:
802:, sometimes causing considerable damage.
1642:) in Kosi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal"
809:prey on adult wild water buffaloes, and
576:The wild water buffalo occurs in India,
450:in 1827 who introduced the generic name
1938:Wildlife Trust of India February 2006:
1173:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1076:Presicce, Giorgio A. (March 31, 2017).
913:
718:. Only a few dozen individuals remain.
1948:Project to conserve wild Asian buffalo
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
968:
893:In 2017, 15 wild water buffaloes were
1839:Dhungel G. & Thanet D.R. (2019).
1818:Humphrey, S. R., Bain, J. R. (1990).
1805:Lēkhakun, B., Mcneely, J. A. (1988).
1738:Natural History Bulletin Siam Society
540:Skull of a wild water buffalo in the
420:in northern India. The specific name
7:
1711:10.11609/jott.4940.11.15.14942-14954
592:, with an unconfirmed population in
542:Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
1779:Daniel J. C.; Grubh, B. R. (1966).
1727:"Population of Wild Water Buffalo (
1515:. In Smith, A. T.; Xie, Y. (eds.).
1018:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
813:have also been known to kill them.
641:D'Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary
868:transmitted by domestic livestock;
705:Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary
568:A herd of wild water buffaloes in
25:
1346:Journal of Archaeological Science
1196:Journal of Archaeological Science
772:by preference, feeding mainly on
698:Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
681:Nepal's only population lives in
6667:IUCN Red List endangered species
1925:Wild Cattle Conservation Project
1254:10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00309.x
786:sedges, but they also eat other
138:
2328:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1517:A Guide to the Mammals of China
790:, fruits, and bark, as well as
637:Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary
3117:Central American red brocket (
1820:Endangered animals of Thailand
1560:Goswami, Roopak (2024-02-13).
1082:. Bentham Science Publishers.
752:Wild water buffaloes are both
1:
1940:Wild buffalo faces extinction
1390:Walker's Mammals of the World
629:Dibru-Saikhowa National Parks
3824:Large subfamily listed below
3812:Large subfamily listed below
3800:Large subfamily listed below
1858:10.3126/forestry.v16i0.28350
1744:(2): 151–162. Archived from
1669:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90193-5
721:The wild water buffaloes in
683:Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
34:. For the similar name, see
2319:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
2310:Indian spotted chevrotain (
1453:10.1007/978-94-017-7570-0_4
663:and Gadchiroli District of
633:Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
6733:
1698:Journal of Threatened Taxa
744:domestic water buffaloes.
40:
29:
6712:Mammals described in 1792
6302:
6288:
6255:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
6246:Domestic Bactrian camel (
6170:
6156:
5810:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5776:
5762:
4866:
4845:
4401:
4380:
3858:
3837:
3315:
3299:
3099:Amazonian brown brocket (
2461:
2445:
2432:Large family listed below
2420:Large family listed below
2397:Williamson's mouse-deer (
2045:
2031:
1993:
1946:The Hindu February 2006:
1781:"The Indian wild buffalo
1607:10.1017/s0030605300028325
1366:10.1016/j.jas.2008.05.010
1316:10.1017/s1367943003003329
1216:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006
1129:. In Griffith, E. (ed.).
1092:– via Google Books.
872:interspecific competition
694:Royal Manas National Park
657:Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary
393:Water buffalo sculpture,
321:
314:
310:Wild water buffalo range
309:
300:
274:
269:
250:
243:
135:Scientific classification
133:
116:
94:
85:
77:
68:
52:
32:Arnee and the Terminaters
4496:Domestic water buffalo (
2861:Central Asian red deer (
2486:Bornean yellow muntjac (
944:10.3897/zookeys.613.8309
776:when available, such as
645:Balphakram National Park
560:Distribution and habitat
6717:Symbols of Chhattisgarh
5374:Bates' pygmy antelope (
5161:Soemmerring's gazelle (
3266:Yucatan brown brocket (
2495:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
2379:Philippine mouse-deer (
1649:Biological Conservation
1108:www.merriam-webster.com
859:stem twiners and lianas
692:In and around Bhutan's
653:Indravati National Park
570:Kaziranga National Park
80:Kaziranga National Park
56:Temporal range: Middle
6084:White-lipped peccary (
6020:Philippine warty pig (
5645:Yellow-backed duiker (
5609:Black-fronted duiker (
5582:White-bellied duiker (
5203:Przewalski's gazelle (
4426:Four-horned antelope (
3224:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
2783:Visayan spotted deer (
2642:European fallow deer (
2585:Northern red muntjac (
2531:Southern red muntjac (
1636:Heinen, J. T. (1993).
1588:Choudhury, A. (1994).
1546:Choudhury, A. (2010).
573:
544:
448:Charles Hamilton Smith
442:("strange, foreign.")
398:
6677:Mammals of Bangladesh
6634:Paleobiology Database
6264:Wild Bactrian camel (
5966:Bornean bearded pig (
5957:Palawan bearded pig (
5546:White-legged duiker (
4972:Red-fronted gazelle (
2651:Persian fallow deer (
2567:Roosevelt's muntjac (
2240:Himalayan musk deer (
2149:Reticulated giraffe (
1511:MacKinon, J. (2008).
1386:"Asian water buffalo"
1384:Nowak, R. M. (1999).
1121:Smith, C. H. (1827).
899:Chitwan National Park
687:Chitwan National Park
647:in Meghalaya, and in
567:
539:
392:
324:Bubalus bubalis arnee
288:B. a. septentrionalis
6351:Pygmy hippopotamus (
6011:Oliver's warty pig (
5636:Red-flanked duiker (
5041:Erlanger's gazelle (
4761:Harnessed bushbuck (
4487:Wild water buffalo (
3964:East Caucasian tur (
3955:West Caucasian tur (
3108:Little red brocket (
2576:Truong Son muntjac (
2388:Vietnam mouse-deer (
2370:Greater mouse-deer (
2249:Siberian musk deer (
1104:"Definition of ARNA"
1025:: e.T3129A46364616.
748:Ecology and behavior
716:Ratanakiri Provinces
397:, Thailand, 2300 BCE
6707:Mammals of Thailand
6692:Mammals of Cambodia
5984:Celebes warty pig (
5975:Visayan warty pig (
5591:Red forest duiker (
5323:Günther's dik-dik (
5185:Mongolian gazelle (
4990:Heuglin's gazelle (
4981:Thomson's gazelle (
4135:Long-tailed goral (
3530:Mountain reedbuck (
3521:Southern reedbuck (
3373:East African oryx (
3275:White-tailed deer (
3054:Small red brocket (
3021:South Andean deer (
2964:Siberian roe deer (
2955:European roe deer (
2792:Philippine sambar (
2759:Père David's deer (
2361:Lesser mouse-deer (
2222:Kashmir musk deer (
1807:Mammals of Thailand
1704:(15): 14942–14954.
1661:1993BCons..65...29H
1513:"Subfamily Bovinae"
1358:2008JArSc..35.2778Y
1308:2003AnCon...6..265F
1296:Animal Conservation
1208:2004JArSc..31..645G
935:2016ZooK..613....1S
414:zoological specimen
360:Indian subcontinent
88:Conservation status
6687:Mammals of Myanmar
6132:Collared peccary (
6002:Flores warty pig (
5843:Giant forest hog (
5705:Maxwell's duiker (
5627:Ruwenzori duiker (
5573:Jentink's duiker (
5482:Sharpe's grysbok (
5238:Tibetan antelope (
5143:Bright's gazelle (
5077:Goitered gazelle (
5050:Mountain gazelle (
5023:Cuvier's gazelle (
4963:Mongalla gazelle (
4351:Pyrenean chamois (
3777:Tibetan antelope (
3731:Black wildebeest (
2558:Reeves's muntjac (
2522:Sumatran muntjac (
2513:Gongshan muntjac (
2286:Water chevrotain (
2213:Alpine musk deer (
2140:Southern giraffe (
2131:Northern giraffe (
1932:Wild water buffalo
1885:The Times of India
1490:10.1007/bf03192525
888:CITES Appendix III
768:They are probably
574:
545:
399:
334:wild water buffalo
53:Wild water buffalo
6682:Mammals of Bhutan
6649:
6648:
6403:Taxon identifiers
6394:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6363:
6362:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6108:Chacoan peccary (
6059:
6058:
6047:Javan warty pig (
6038:Timor warty pig (
5845:H. meinertzhageni
5819:Togian babirusa (
5758:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5714:Walter's duiker (
5654:Abbott's duiker (
5618:Ogilby's duiker (
5564:Harvey's duiker (
5528:Brooke's duiker (
5494:
5493:
5274:
5273:
5215:
5214:
5152:Peter's gazelle (
5134:Grant's gazelle (
5068:Speke's gazelle (
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4718:
4688:
4687:
4676:African buffalo (
4507:B. depressicornis
4462:
4461:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4144:Himalayan goral (
3966:C. cylindricornis
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3789:
3788:
3752:
3751:
3740:Blue wildebeest (
3674:Common tsessebe (
3625:
3624:
3588:
3587:
3551:
3550:
3463:K. ellipsiprymnus
3436:
3435:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3235:P. mephistophiles
3191:P. mephistophiles
2882:
2881:
2578:M. truongsonensis
2540:Pu Hoat muntjac (
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2409:
2408:
2352:Java mouse-deer (
2261:
2260:
2231:Black musk deer (
2204:Dwarf musk deer (
2195:Anhui musk deer (
2170:
2169:
2133:G. camelopardalis
2082:
2081:
1478:Acta Theriologica
1352:(10): 2778–2785.
1277:The Austranesians
1053:Kerr, R. (1792).
811:Asian black bears
807:mugger crocodiles
528:swamp buffaloes.
522:genetic variation
485:Official List of
330:
329:
128:
111:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
6724:
6702:Mammals of Nepal
6697:Mammals of India
6642:
6641:
6629:
6628:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6588:
6587:
6575:
6574:
6562:
6561:
6549:
6548:
6546:NHMSYS0020975273
6536:
6535:
6523:
6522:
6510:
6509:
6497:
6496:
6484:
6483:
6471:
6470:
6458:
6457:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6398:
6313:
6304:
6290:
6181:
6172:
6158:
6070:
5876:Common warthog (
5867:Desert warthog (
5787:
5778:
5764:
5663:Weyns's duiker (
5537:Peters' duiker (
5519:Aders's duiker (
5505:
5392:Royal antelope (
5350:Salt's dik-dik (
5341:Silver dik-dik (
5332:Kirk's dik-dik (
5285:
5262:Saiga antelope (
5224:
5163:N. soemmerringii
5032:Dorcas gazelle (
4877:
4868:
4861:
4847:
4734:Mountain nyala (
4717:
4716:
4708:
4699:
4654:P. nghetinhensis
4556:European bison (
4547:American bison (
4473:
4412:
4403:
4396:
4382:
4258:Domestic sheep (
4102:Himalayan tahr (
4069:Mainland serow (
4051:Japanese serow (
3860:
3853:
3839:
3763:
3636:
3599:
3562:
3539:Bohor reedbuck (
3447:
3426:A. nasomaculatus
3349:Sable antelope (
3326:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3063:Merida brocket (
2893:
2834:Thorold's deer (
2686:A. calamianensis
2569:M. rooseveltorum
2515:M. gongshanensis
2472:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2272:
2181:
2160:G. tippelskirchi
2093:
2056:
2047:
2033:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1955:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1836:
1830:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1735:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1646:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1239:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1004:
981:
980:
974:
966:
956:
946:
918:
855:invasive species
838:habitat loss of
762:gestation period
446:was proposed by
424:is derived from
305:
256:
143:
142:
122:
105:
100:
99:
73:
50:
21:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6637:
6632:
6624:
6619:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6591:
6583:
6578:
6570:
6567:Observation.org
6565:
6557:
6552:
6544:
6539:
6531:
6526:
6518:
6513:
6505:
6500:
6492:
6487:
6479:
6474:
6466:
6461:
6453:
6448:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6405:
6395:
6382:
6359:
6335:
6298:
6272:
6230:
6166:
6140:
6116:
6092:
6055:
6022:S. philippensis
5959:S. ahoenobarbus
5941:
5933:Red river hog (
5908:
5884:
5851:
5827:
5801:Buru babirusa (
5772:
5746:
5738:Common duiker (
5722:
5680:
5490:
5448:
5424:
5400:
5358:
5307:
5270:
5246:
5211:
5196:P. picticaudata
5169:
5109:
5085:
5079:G. subgutturosa
4998:
4947:
4923:
4899:
4862:
4851:
4829:
4796:
4788:Cape bushbuck (
4781:T. strepsiceros
4710:
4709:
4707:
4684:
4660:
4636:
4531:
4523:Mountain anoa (
4458:
4452:B. tragocamelus
4434:
4428:T. quadricornis
4397:
4386:
4368:
4335:
4311:
4267:Bighorn sheep (
4233:
4209:
4185:
4177:Mountain goat (
4161:
4153:Chinese goral (
4110:
4086:
4071:C. sumatraensis
4035:
4018:Siberian ibex (
3982:Domestic goat (
3930:
3906:
3882:
3874:Barbary sheep (
3854:
3843:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3785:
3748:
3715:
3691:
3658:
3621:
3584:
3547:
3505:
3432:
3408:
3382:Scimitar oryx (
3357:
3340:Roan antelope (
3311:
3305:
3283:
3241:
3233:Northern pudu (
3207:
3199:Southern pudu (
3189:Northern pudu (
3173:
3149:
3125:
3090:Pygmy brocket (
3072:Dwarf brocket (
3029:
2996:
2972:
2939:
2915:
2878:
2818:
2767:
2743:
2710:
2684:Calamian deer (
2659:
2653:D. mesopotamica
2626:
2602:
2596:M. vuquangensis
2594:Giant muntjac (
2504:Fea's muntjac (
2457:
2451:
2433:
2421:
2405:
2336:
2294:
2257:
2215:M. chrysogaster
2166:
2158:Masai giraffe (
2115:
2078:
2041:
2027:
1989:
1982:
1920:(Bubalus arnee)
1912:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1783:Bubalus bubalis
1778:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1733:
1729:Bubalus bubalis
1724:
1723:
1719:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1644:
1640:Bubalus bubalis
1635:
1634:
1630:
1623:Bubalus bubalis
1620:
1619:
1615:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1534:
1527:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1242:Animal Genetics
1237:
1233:Bubalus bubalis
1228:
1227:
1223:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1150:H. Smith, 1827"
1143:
1142:
1138:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1006:
1005:
984:
967:
920:
919:
915:
910:
886:is included in
881:
849:degradation of
819:
750:
600:in Bangladesh,
562:
534:
532:Characteristics
438:("forest") and
406:scientific name
387:
348:Asiatic buffalo
342:), also called
265:
258:
252:
239:
137:
129:
112:
101:
97:
90:
64:
54:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Asiatic buffalo
15:
12:
11:
5:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6659:
6658:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6630:
6617:
6601:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6576:
6563:
6550:
6537:
6524:
6511:
6498:
6485:
6472:
6459:
6446:
6431:
6415:
6413:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6373:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6353:C. liberiensis
6347:
6345:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6327:Hippopotamus (
6323:
6321:
6310:
6308:Hippopotamidae
6300:
6299:
6293:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6261:
6257:C. dromedarius
6252:
6242:
6240:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6201:
6191:
6189:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6161:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6128:
6126:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6104:
6102:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6080:
6078:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6044:
6040:S. timoriensis
6035:
6026:
6017:
6008:
5999:
5993:Domestic pig (
5990:
5981:
5972:
5963:
5953:
5951:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5896:
5894:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5873:
5869:P. aethiopicus
5863:
5861:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5839:
5837:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5821:B. togeanensis
5816:
5807:
5797:
5795:
5784:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5734:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5711:
5702:
5692:
5690:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5672:Zebra duiker (
5669:
5660:
5651:
5647:C. silvicultor
5642:
5633:
5624:
5615:
5606:
5600:Black duiker (
5597:
5588:
5584:C. leucogaster
5579:
5570:
5561:
5552:
5543:
5534:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5479:
5473:Cape grysbok (
5470:
5460:
5458:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5436:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5416:Klipspringer (
5412:
5410:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5389:
5380:
5370:
5368:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5347:
5343:M. piacentinii
5338:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5232:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5205:P. przewalskii
5200:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5158:
5149:
5140:
5131:
5125:Dama gazelle (
5121:
5119:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5097:
5095:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5074:
5065:
5059:Rhim gazelle (
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5010:
5008:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4987:
4978:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:A. marsupialis
4911:
4909:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4850:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4821:Common eland (
4818:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4785:
4779:Greater kudu (
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4625:
4616:
4607:
4598:
4592:Domestic yak (
4589:
4580:
4571:
4562:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4520:
4516:B. mindorensis
4511:
4505:Lowland anoa (
4502:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4385:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4225:Nilgiri tahr (
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4078:Taiwan serow (
4075:
4066:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4024:
4015:
4009:Iberian ibex (
4006:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3961:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3898:Arabian tahr (
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3856:
3855:
3842:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3536:
3532:R. fulvorufula
3527:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3494:
3485:
3476:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3400:Arabian oryx (
3397:
3388:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3323:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:O. virginianus
3272:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3196:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:O. bezoarticus
3137:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3087:
3083:M. gouazoubira
3081:Gray brocket (
3078:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2836:C. albirostris
2830:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:E. cephalophus
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2549:Leaf muntjac (
2546:
2542:M. puhoatensis
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:T. williamsoni
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:M. moschiferus
2246:
2242:M. leucogaster
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2206:M. berezovskii
2201:
2191:
2189:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2051:Antilocapridae
2043:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2023:Laurasiatheria
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1911:
1910:External links
1908:
1905:
1904:
1887:. 2023-04-16.
1872:
1831:
1811:
1798:
1771:
1761:
1717:
1684:
1628:
1613:
1577:
1552:
1532:
1525:
1503:
1484:(2): 259–267.
1468:
1461:
1435:
1405:
1398:
1371:
1329:
1302:(3): 265–270.
1282:
1267:
1248:(4): 253–264.
1221:
1202:(5): 645–651.
1182:
1159:
1136:
1123:"Sub-genus I.
1113:
1095:
1088:
1068:
1045:
982:
929:(613): 1–157.
912:
911:
909:
906:
880:
877:
876:
875:
869:
862:
847:
836:
833:
818:
815:
749:
746:
676:Madhya Pradesh
596:. It has been
561:
558:
533:
530:
487:Specific Names
386:
383:
358:native to the
328:
327:
319:
318:
312:
311:
307:
306:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
272:
271:
267:
266:
259:
248:
247:
241:
240:
233:
231:
227:
226:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
117:
114:
113:
95:
92:
91:
86:
83:
82:
75:
74:
66:
65:
55:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6729:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:Water buffalo
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6652:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6622:
6618:
6613:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6586:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6451:
6447:
6442:
6441:Bubalus arnee
6436:
6432:
6427:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6411:Bubalus arnee
6408:
6404:
6399:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6356:
6354:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6330:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6287:
6269:
6267:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6248:C. bactrianus
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6155:
6137:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6113:
6111:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6052:
6050:
6049:S. verrucosus
6045:
6043:
6041:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5995:S. domesticus
5991:
5989:
5987:
5986:S. celebensis
5982:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5915:Potamochoerus
5911:
5905:
5903:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5848:
5846:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5812:B. celebensis
5808:
5806:
5804:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5761:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5717:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5696:Blue duiker (
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5611:C. nigrifrons
5607:
5605:
5603:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5593:C. natalensis
5589:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5539:C. callipygus
5535:
5533:
5531:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5485:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5466:R. campestris
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5418:O. oreotragus
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5106:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5061:G. leptoceros
5057:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4965:E. albonotata
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4941:A. cervicapra
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4855:
4848:
4844:
4826:
4824:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4812:Giant eland (
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4790:T. sylvaticus
4786:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4752:Lesser kudu (
4750:
4748:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4567:B. domesticus
4565:Bali cattle (
4563:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4455:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4379:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4269:O. canadensis
4265:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4216:Nilgiritragus
4212:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4179:O. americanus
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4104:H. jemlahicus
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4000:Nubian ibex (
3998:
3996:
3994:
3991:Alpine ibex (
3989:
3987:
3985:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3836:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Pantholopinae
3755:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3709:A. buselaphus
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3613:Grey rhebok (
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Aepycerotinae
3554:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3488:Nile lechwe (
3486:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Hippotraginae
3318:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3298:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3167:B. dichotomus
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3141:Pampas deer (
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3101:M. nemorivaga
3097:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3045:Red brocket (
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3014:H. antisensis
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2854:C. canadensis
2850:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2803:R. timorensis
2799:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2761:E. davidianus
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2728:R. duvaucelii
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2693:Bawean deer (
2691:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2618:Tufted deer (
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2551:M. putaoensis
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2497:M. crinifrons
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2444:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2390:T. versicolor
2386:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2197:M. anhuiensis
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2151:G. reticulata
2147:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1930:Animal Info:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:Water buffalo
1914:
1913:
1909:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:1-877743-05-4
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1775:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1751:on 2011-07-28
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1678:2027.42/31022
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:9781400834112
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1462:9789401775700
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1432:(4): 261–268.
1431:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1417:Bubalus arnee
1409:
1406:
1401:
1399:9780801857898
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1089:9781681084176
1085:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1046:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1011:Bubalus arnee
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
983:
978:
972:
964:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:
914:
907:
905:
902:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
884:Bubalus arnee
878:
873:
870:
867:
864:diseases and
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
845:
841:
837:
834:
831:
830:interbreeding
828:
827:
826:
824:
823:hybridization
816:
814:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:Bermuda grass
775:
771:
766:
763:
759:
755:
747:
745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
727:water buffalo
724:
719:
717:
714:and possibly
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
571:
566:
559:
557:
555:
551:
543:
538:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:DNA sequences
510:
508:
507:water buffalo
503:
501:
497:
496:Bubalus arnee
494:
490:
488:
482:
481:Bubalus arnee
478:
475:In 2003, the
473:
471:
467:
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Bubalus arnee
441:
437:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
396:
391:
384:
382:
380:
379:water buffalo
376:
371:
370:IUCN Red List
367:
366:
361:
357:
354:, is a large
353:
349:
345:
344:Asian buffalo
341:
340:
339:Bubalus arnee
335:
326:
325:
320:
317:
313:
308:
304:
299:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
273:
268:
263:
257:
255:
254:Bubalus arnee
249:
246:
245:Binomial name
242:
238:
237:
236:B. arnee
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
126:
120:
115:
109:
104:
93:
89:
84:
81:
76:
72:
67:
63:
59:
51:
48:
44:
43:water buffalo
37:
33:
19:
6596:
6410:
6352:
6340:
6329:H. amphibius
6328:
6318:Hippopotamus
6316:
6296:Whippomorpha
6265:
6256:
6247:
6235:
6223:
6214:
6205:
6196:
6184:
6133:
6121:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6073:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6021:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5985:
5977:S. cebifrons
5976:
5967:
5958:
5946:
5934:
5925:
5913:
5901:
5889:
5878:P. africanus
5877:
5868:
5858:Phacochoerus
5856:
5844:
5832:
5820:
5811:
5803:B. babyrussa
5802:
5790:
5739:
5727:
5715:
5707:P. maxwellii
5706:
5698:P. monticola
5697:
5685:
5673:
5664:
5655:
5646:
5638:C. rufilatus
5637:
5628:
5619:
5610:
5601:
5592:
5583:
5574:
5565:
5556:
5555:Bay duiker (
5548:C. crusalbum
5547:
5538:
5529:
5520:
5508:
5500:Cephalophini
5483:
5475:R. melanotis
5474:
5465:
5453:
5441:
5429:
5417:
5405:
5393:
5385:N. moschatus
5384:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5342:
5333:
5325:M. guentheri
5324:
5312:
5301:D. megalotis
5300:
5288:
5263:
5251:
5240:P. hodgsonii
5239:
5227:
5204:
5195:
5187:P. gutturosa
5186:
5174:
5162:
5153:
5144:
5135:
5126:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5078:
5069:
5060:
5051:
5043:G. erlangeri
5042:
5033:
5024:
5016:G. bennettii
5015:
5003:
4991:
4983:E. thomsonii
4982:
4974:E. rufifrons
4973:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4928:
4916:
4904:
4892:
4880:
4822:
4814:T. derbianus
4813:
4801:
4789:
4780:
4771:
4762:
4753:
4745:T. eurycerus
4744:
4735:
4726:
4702:
4694:Tragelaphini
4677:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4629:
4620:
4612:B. javanicus
4611:
4602:
4594:B. grunniens
4593:
4584:
4576:B. frontalis
4575:
4566:
4557:
4548:
4536:
4524:
4515:
4506:
4497:
4488:
4486:
4476:
4451:
4439:
4427:
4415:
4362:R. rupicapra
4361:
4353:R. pyrenaica
4352:
4340:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4295:
4294:Snow sheep (
4286:
4277:
4276:Dall sheep (
4268:
4259:
4250:
4238:
4227:N. hylocrius
4226:
4214:
4203:O. moschatus
4202:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4154:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4040:
4028:
4027:Walia ibex (
4019:
4011:C. pyrenaica
4010:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3975:C. falconeri
3974:
3965:
3956:
3947:
3935:
3924:B. taxicolor
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3863:
3779:P. hodgsonii
3778:
3766:
3741:
3732:
3722:Connochaetes
3720:
3708:
3707:Hartebeest (
3696:
3684:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3631:Alcelaphinae
3615:P. capreolus
3614:
3602:
3577:
3565:
3540:
3531:
3523:R. arundinum
3522:
3510:
3498:
3490:K. megaceros
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3450:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3362:
3350:
3341:
3329:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3225:
3212:
3200:
3190:
3178:
3166:
3165:Marsh deer (
3154:
3142:
3130:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3047:M. americana
3046:
3034:
3022:
3013:
3003:Hippocamelus
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2957:C. capreolus
2956:
2944:
2932:
2931:Water deer (
2920:
2908:
2896:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2802:
2794:R. mariannus
2793:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2735:Eld's deer (
2727:
2726:Barasingha (
2715:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2587:M. vaginalis
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2488:M. atherodes
2487:
2475:
2398:
2389:
2381:T. nigricans
2380:
2371:
2362:
2354:T. javanicus
2353:
2341:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2299:
2288:H. aquaticus
2287:
2275:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2184:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2120:
2109:O. johnstoni
2108:
2096:
2072:A. americana
2071:
2059:
2021:Superorder:
2015:Infraclass:
1986:Artiodactyla
1947:
1939:
1931:
1917:
1896:. Retrieved
1884:
1875:
1851:(16): 1–13.
1848:
1844:
1834:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1774:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1741:
1737:
1728:
1720:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1655:(1): 29–34.
1652:
1648:
1639:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1600:(1): 70–73.
1597:
1593:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1555:
1547:
1516:
1506:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1408:
1389:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1224:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1022:
1016:
1010:
971:cite journal
926:
916:
903:
895:reintroduced
892:
883:
882:
879:Conservation
846:development;
820:
804:
781:
767:
751:
731:
720:
709:
702:
691:
680:
669:
649:Chhattisgarh
614:
575:
546:
511:
504:
495:
484:
480:
474:
469:
465:
459:
451:
443:
439:
435:
428:
421:
408:proposed by
401:
400:
363:
352:wild buffalo
351:
347:
343:
338:
337:
333:
331:
323:
322:
293:B. a. migona
292:
287:
283:B. a. fulvus
282:
277:
253:
251:
235:
234:
222:
192:Artiodactyla
121:Appendix III
47:
6476:iNaturalist
6435:Wikispecies
6206:L. guanicoe
6065:Tayassuidae
6029:Wild boar (
5968:S. barbatus
5926:P. larvatus
5902:P. salvania
5900:Pygmy hog (
5834:Hylochoerus
5687:Philantomba
5575:C. jentinki
5557:C. dorsalis
5510:Cephalophus
5394:N. pygmaeus
5352:M. saltiana
5290:Dorcatragus
5264:S. tatarica
5154:N. petersii
5092:Litocranius
4992:E. tilonura
4939:Blackbuck (
4915:Springbok (
4858:Antilopinae
4856:(subfamily
4803:Taurotragus
4770:Sitatunga (
4763:T. scriptus
4754:T. imberbis
4711:(including
4704:Tragelaphus
4525:B. quarlesi
4407:Boselaphini
4391:(subfamily
4296:O. nivicola
4137:N. caudatus
4126:Red goral (
4117:Naemorhedus
4080:C. swinhoei
4060:Red serow (
4042:Capricornis
4020:C. sibirica
3957:C. caucasia
3948:C. aegagrus
3946:Wild goat (
3900:A. jayakari
3889:Arabitragus
3848:(subfamily
3819:Antilopinae
3742:C. taurinus
3685:D. pygargus
3578:A. melampus
3499:K. vardonii
3461:Waterbuck (
3402:O. leucoryx
3331:Hippotragus
3259:O. hemionus
3257:Mule deer (
3156:Blastocerus
3065:M. bricenii
3023:H. bisulcus
2990:R. tarandus
2966:C. pygargus
2888:Capreolinae
2870:Sika deer (
2812:R. unicolor
2801:Rusa deer (
2704:A. porcinus
2524:M. montanus
2321:M. kathygre
2070:Pronghorn (
2061:Antilocapra
1419:) in Nepal"
1179:(1): 81–84.
805:Tigers and
665:Maharashtra
512:Only a few
410:Robert Kerr
278:B. a. arnee
270:Subspecies
208:Subfamily:
58:Pleistocene
6661:Categories
6612:Q109646854
6342:Choeropsis
6224:L. vicugna
6110:C. wagneri
6013:S. oliveri
6004:S. heureni
5740:S. grimmia
5729:Sylvicapra
5716:P. walteri
5629:C. rubidis
5620:C. ogilbyi
5566:C. harveyi
5530:C. brookei
5484:R. sharpei
5464:Steenbok (
5455:Raphicerus
5407:Oreotragus
5280:Neotragini
5229:Pantholops
5145:N. notatus
5103:L. walleri
5052:G. gazella
5025:G. cuvieri
5014:Chinkara (
4906:Antidorcas
4893:A. clarkei
4882:Ammodorcas
4872:Antilopini
4772:T. spekeii
4736:T. buxtoni
4727:T. angasii
4619:Wild yak (
4603:B. indicus
4558:B. bonasus
4498:B. bubalis
4441:Boselaphus
4417:Tetracerus
4287:O. gmelini
4155:N. griseus
4128:N. baileyi
4093:Hemitragus
4062:C. rubidus
4053:C. crispus
4002:C. nubiana
3865:Ammotragus
3768:Pantholops
3698:Alcelaphus
3683:Bontebok (
3676:D. lunatus
3665:Damaliscus
3652:B. hunteri
3541:R. redunca
3442:Reduncinae
3393:O. gazella
3342:H. equinus
3268:O. pandora
3248:Odocoileus
3132:Ozotoceros
2988:Reindeer (
2933:H. inermis
2922:Hydropotes
2845:C. elaphus
2843:Red deer (
2785:R. alfredi
2702:Hog deer (
2560:M. reevesi
2533:M. muntjak
2363:T. kanchil
2330:M. meminna
2277:Hyemoschus
2267:Tragulidae
2224:M. cupreus
2142:G. giraffa
2088:Giraffidae
2039:Ruminantia
1898:2024-08-12
1755:2011-03-24
1571:2024-08-12
1038:17 January
908:References
844:hydropower
840:floodplain
774:graminoids
712:Mondulkiri
598:extirpated
518:progenitor
489:in Zoology
365:Endangered
103:Endangered
6597:Bos arnee
6294:Suborder
6204:Guanaco (
6176:Camelidae
6162:Suborder
6134:D. tajacu
6123:Dicotyles
6099:Catagonus
6086:T. pecari
6031:S. scrofa
5935:P. porcus
5924:Bushpig (
5792:Babyrousa
5768:Suborder
5665:C. weynsi
5656:C. spadix
5521:C. adersi
5442:O. ourebi
5376:N. batesi
5365:Neotragus
5334:M. kirkii
5136:N. granti
5101:Gerenuk (
5070:G. spekei
5034:G. dorcas
4891:Dibatag (
4678:S. caffer
4643:Pseudoryx
4630:B. taurus
4610:Banteng (
4585:B. gaurus
4514:Tamaraw (
4360:Chamois (
4342:Rupicapra
4329:P. nayaur
4305:O. vignei
4285:Mouflon (
3984:C. hircus
3973:Markhor (
3876:A. lervia
3641:Beatragus
3567:Aepyceros
3391:Gemsbok (
3384:O. dammah
3226:P. carlae
3119:M. temama
3110:M. rufina
3074:M. chunyi
3056:M. bororo
2946:Capreolus
2872:C. nippon
2863:C. hanglu
2750:Elaphurus
2695:A. kuhlii
2609:Elaphodus
2477:Muntiacus
2312:M. indica
2301:Moschiola
2233:M. fuscus
2176:Moschidae
2037:Suborder
1997:Kingdom:
1893:0971-8257
1867:216528987
1057:Bos arnee
866:parasites
796:sugarcane
758:nocturnal
734:Argentina
723:Sri Lanka
621:Kaziranga
610:Sri Lanka
402:Bos arnee
230:Species:
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
6606:Wikidata
6580:Species+
6426:Q1914208
6420:Wikidata
6266:C. ferus
6222:Vicuña (
6215:L. pacos
6213:Alpaca (
6197:L. glama
6164:Tylopoda
5674:C. zebra
5602:C. niger
5176:Procapra
4954:Eudorcas
4930:Antilope
4667:Syncerus
4628:Cattle (
4621:B. mutus
4549:B. bison
4489:B. arnee
4450:Nilgai (
4327:Bharal (
4318:Pseudois
4278:O. dalli
4260:O. aries
4251:O. ammon
4249:Argali (
4201:Muskox (
4168:Oreamnos
4146:N. goral
4029:C. walie
3913:Budorcas
3850:Caprinae
3795:Caprinae
3650:Hirola (
3594:Peleinae
3576:Impala (
3481:K. leche
3479:Lechwe (
3375:O. beisa
3351:H. niger
3012:Taruca (
2979:Rangifer
2909:A. alces
2810:Sambar (
2737:R. eldii
2717:Rucervus
2675:Chital (
2467:Cervinae
2454:Cervidae
2415:Cervidae
2343:Tragulus
2017:Eutheria
2011:Mammalia
2005:Chordata
2003:Phylum:
1999:Animalia
1795:: 32–53.
1769:Cambodia
1566:EastMojo
1498:13441339
1324:84855572
963:27667928
857:such as
851:wetlands
792:browsing
590:Cambodia
586:Thailand
470:Buffelus
433:Sanskrit
404:was the
385:Taxonomy
316:Synonyms
198:Family:
182:Mammalia
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
108:IUCN 3.1
6626:7458778
6559:2866655
6533:1006268
6468:9227500
6378:Cetacea
6369:Cetacea
6237:Camelus
6195:Llama (
6075:Tayassu
5891:Porcula
5440:Oribi (
5431:Ourebia
5314:Madoqua
5299:Beira (
5220:Saigini
5127:N. dama
5005:Gazella
4854:Bovidae
4852:Family
4823:T. oryx
4743:Bongo (
4725:Nyala (
4652:Saola (
4574:Gayal (
4478:Bubalus
4393:Bovinae
4389:Bovidae
4387:Family
4303:Urial (
3993:C. ibex
3922:Takin (
3846:Bovidae
3844:Family
3807:Bovinae
3733:C. gnou
3512:Redunca
3424:Addax (
3308:Bovidae
3306:Family
3214:Pudella
3201:P. pudu
3092:M. nana
2907:Moose (
2677:A. axis
2644:D. dama
2506:M. feae
2452:Family
2427:Bovidae
2372:T. napu
2186:Moschus
2122:Giraffa
2107:Okapi (
2009:Class:
1988:species
1984:Extant
1657:Bibcode
1354:Bibcode
1304:Bibcode
1262:9745663
1204:Bibcode
1148:Bubalus
1146:"Genus
1125:Bubalus
1055:"Arnee
954:5027644
931:Bibcode
927:ZooKeys
853:due to
817:Threats
783:Cyperus
770:grazers
754:diurnal
738:Bolivia
606:Vietnam
594:Myanmar
572:, Assam
526:Carabao
493:binomen
483:on the
479:placed
466:Bubalus
456:dewlaps
452:Bubalus
395:Lopburi
368:in the
264:, 1792)
223:Bubalus
218:Genus:
212:Bovinae
202:Bovidae
188:Order:
178:Class:
123: (
106: (
62:Present
6639:234011
6572:200406
6507:898262
5782:Suidae
5383:Suni (
5116:Nanger
4601:Zebu (
4583:Gaur (
4468:Bovini
4192:Ovibos
3497:Puku (
3472:K. kob
3036:Mazama
2825:Cervus
2098:Okapia
1891:
1865:
1826:
1523:
1496:
1459:
1396:
1322:
1260:
1086:
961:
951:
798:, and
780:, and
661:Odisha
608:, and
588:, and
582:Bhutan
436:áraṇya
418:Bengal
356:bovine
6653:Notes
6494:90761
6481:74125
5770:Suina
5253:Saiga
5194:Goa (
4713:kudus
3937:Capra
3604:Pelea
3470:Kob (
3452:Kobus
3415:Addax
2898:Alces
2852:Elk (
1863:S2CID
1749:(PDF)
1734:(PDF)
1645:(PDF)
1494:S2CID
1422:(PDF)
1342:(PDF)
1320:S2CID
1238:(PDF)
897:into
788:herbs
742:feral
672:feral
625:Manas
617:Assam
578:Nepal
550:bovid
500:taxon
440:áraṇa
426:Hindi
422:arnee
416:from
375:Assam
125:CITES
119:CITES
36:Arnie
6621:GBIF
6585:6811
6554:NCBI
6520:3129
6515:IUCN
6502:ITIS
6463:GBIF
6455:NKLM
6376:see
6186:Lama
4240:Ovis
3364:Oryx
3180:Pudu
2774:Rusa
2666:Axis
2633:Dama
1889:ISSN
1824:ISBN
1594:Oryx
1521:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1258:PMID
1084:ISBN
1040:2024
1023:2019
977:link
959:PMID
800:jute
756:and
740:are
736:and
655:and
635:and
627:and
602:Laos
554:gaur
429:arnī
350:and
332:The
262:Kerr
6541:NBN
6528:MDD
6489:ISC
6450:CoL
5948:Sus
4538:Bos
1853:doi
1706:doi
1673:hdl
1665:doi
1602:doi
1486:doi
1449:doi
1362:doi
1312:doi
1250:doi
1212:doi
1027:doi
949:PMC
939:doi
651:in
468:or
461:Bos
78:in
6663::
6636::
6623::
6608::
6582::
6569::
6556::
6543::
6530::
6517::
6504::
6491::
6478::
6465::
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1883:.
1861:.
1849:16
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1843:.
1793:63
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1592:.
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