510:. They nest in hollows in vertical mud banks. The nest tunnel that they construct can run as much as 5 feet (1.5 m) long and the 3–5 eggs are laid on the bare ground in the cavity at the end of the tunnel. The eggs are very spherical and glossy white. Clutch size varies with rainfall and insect food density. Both sexes incubate. The eggs hatch asynchronously with an incubation period of about 14 days and the chicks grow fledge in 3 to 4 weeks and in the fledging stage show a reduction in body weight. A study suggested that green bee-eaters may be capable of interpreting the behaviour of human observers. They showed an ability to predict whether a human at a particular location would be capable of spotting the nest entrance and then behaved appropriately to avoid giving away the nest location. The ability to look at a situation from another's point of view was previously believed to be possessed only by primates.
499:
599:
573:
546:
585:
561:
495:
species and will sometimes bathe in water by dipping into water in flight. They are usually seen in small groups and often roost communally in large numbers (200–300). The birds move excitedly at the roost site and call loudly, often explosively dispersing before settling back to the roost tree. The little green bee-eater is also becoming common in urban and sub-urban neighborhoods, and has been observed perching on television antennae, only to launch into a brief, zig-zag flight formation to catch an insect, then return to the same perch and consume the meal. This behaviour is generally observed between the hours of 7:00 and 8:00am, and after 4:00pm.
38:
90:
411:
especially on the chin and throat. The crown and upper back are tinged with golden rufous. The flight feathers are rufous washed with green and tipped with blackish. A fine black line runs in front of and behind the eye. The iris is crimson and the bill is black while the legs are dark grey. The feet are weak with the three toes joined at the base. Southeast Asian birds have rufous crown and face, and green underparts, whereas
Arabian
1636:
65:
1646:
450:
440:
They are mostly seen in the plains but can sometimes be found up to 5,000 or 6,000 feet (1,500 or 1,800 m) in the
Himalayas. They are resident in the lowlands of South Asia but some populations move seasonally but the patterns are not clear, moving away to drier regions in the rainy season and
436:
This is an abundant and fairly tame bird, familiar throughout its range. It is a bird which breeds in open country with bushes. In Africa and Arabia it is found in arid areas, but is more diverse in its habitats further east. This species often hunts from low perches, maybe only a metre or less
494:
is not known but they make seasonal movements in response to rainfall. These birds are somewhat sluggish in the mornings and may be found huddled next to each other on wires sometimes with their bills tucked in their backs well after sunrise. They sand-bathe more frequently than other bee-eater
410:
Like other bee-eaters, this species is a richly coloured, slender bird. It is about 9 inches (230 mm) long with about 2 inches (51 mm) made up by the elongated central tail-feathers. The sexes are not visually distinguishable. The entire plumage is bright green and tinged with blue
513:
Riverside habitats were found to support high populations in southern India (410 birds inhabitants per square mile, 157/km) dropping off to 260/sq mi (101/km) in agricultural areas and 110–150/sq mi (43–58/km) near human habitations.
1205:
Sihag, R.C. (1993). "The green bee-eater Merops orientalis orientalis latham - (1) - Seasonal activity, population density, feeding capacity and bee capture efficiency in the apiary of honey bee, Apis mellifera L. in
Haryana(India)".
455:
454:
451:
456:
1028:
453:
288:. They are mainly insect eaters and they are found in grassland, thin scrub and forest often quite far from water. Several regional plumage variations are known and several subspecies have been named.
490:, which are caught in the air by sorties from an open perch. Before swallowing prey, a bee-eater removes stings and breaks the exoskeleton of the prey by repeatedly thrashing it on the perch.
498:
598:
1047:
506:
The breeding season is from March to June. Unlike many bee-eaters, these are often solitary nesters, making a tunnel in a sandy bank. The breeding pairs are often joined by
1984:
415:
has a green crown, blue face and bluish underparts. The wings are green and the beak is black. The elongated tail feathers are absent in juveniles. Sexes are alike.
1853:
572:
452:
1297:
1108:
Watve Milind; Thakar J; Kale A; Pitambekar S; Shaikh I; Vaze K; Jog M; Paranjape S (2002). "Bee-eaters ( Merops orientalis) respond to what a predator can see".
1892:
545:
1959:
560:
584:
1827:
1866:
378:
1298:"Scanning electron microscope study of two avian nematodes: Ascaridia trilabium (Linstaw, 1904) and Torquatoides balanocephala (Gendre, 1922)"
525:
appear to be avoided. They are sometimes known to take crabs. Like most other birds they regurgitate the hard parts of their prey as pellets.
1393:
836:
689:
437:
high. It readily makes use of fence wires and electric wires. Unlike some other bee-eaters, they can be found well away from water.
1979:
1814:
1871:
517:
They feed on flying insects and can sometimes be nuisance to bee-keepers. The preferred prey was mostly beetles followed by
1969:
37:
1974:
1765:
1312:
1277:
728:
341:
in Sri Lanka has the nape and hindneck with more pronounced golden brown sheen often included within the nominate race
297:
280:
that were formerly assigned to this species (under the name green bee-eater) are now considered distinct species: the
200:
1897:
1621:
1616:
1566:
264:. It is resident but prone to seasonal movements and is found widely distributed across Asia from coastal southern
1606:
1536:
1005:
1541:
1516:
1511:
1462:
1386:
89:
1336:
Bennett, Gordon F. (1978). "Avian
Haemoproteidae. 8. The haemoproteids of the bee-eater family (Meropidae)".
1731:
1586:
1556:
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1506:
1501:
1466:
362:
346:
285:
281:
1752:
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1571:
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1491:
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1366:
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1704:
1581:
1531:
1521:
1439:
184:
1649:
653:
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1713:
1561:
1379:
986:
507:
394:
269:
54:
894:
1964:
1639:
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209:
84:
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1187:
1125:
863:
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277:
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1486:
1406:
1345:
1117:
1088:
1001:
855:
648:
261:
20:
1757:
335:) in northeastern India, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (has rufous crown, mane and mantle).
1905:
1718:
1591:
1526:
630:
888:
1611:
1477:
491:
254:
161:
1953:
1879:
1178:
latham 1801 with special reference to its population in
Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu".
859:
771:
639:
301:
141:
74:
69:
1152:
1137:
1013:
732:
1936:
1793:
1780:
377:) were formerly considered conspecific, but were split as distinct species by the
1819:
1371:
1840:
1698:
1249:
1093:
1072:
959:
936:
518:
1174:
Asokan, S.; Thiyagesan, K.; Nagarajan, R.; Kanakasabai, R. (2003). "Studies on
909:
794:
1931:
1430:
1121:
608:
522:
305:
1689:
441:
to warmer regions in winter. In parts of
Pakistan, they are summer visitors.
1402:
468:
258:
250:
151:
101:
1191:
1129:
824:. Vol. 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. pp. 268–269.
296:
The Asian green bee-eater was first described by the
English ornithologist
1225:
Asokan, S (1998). "Food and feeding habits of the small green bee - eater
1683:
937:"A Note on the Migration of the Common Indian Bee-eater (Merops viridis)"
121:
759:. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 108–111.
532:) sometimes infects their gizzard. A protozoal parasite in their blood,
1910:
1832:
1739:
425:
273:
388:
based on plumage characteristics found that most of the subspecies of
1726:
475:
464:
111:
1845:
1806:
1660:
1349:
1801:
497:
448:
734:
Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae
483:
265:
131:
1664:
1375:
487:
479:
474:
Like other species in the genus, bee-eaters predominantly eat
325:
in India and Sri Lanka (has head and neck tinged with rufous).
502:
Asian green bee-eater dust bathing near
Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
1077:(Latham, 1801) in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India"
1029:"Helpers in cooperatively breeding Small Green Bee-eaters (
1006:
10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0275:SABBOB]2.0.CO;2
737:(in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. xxxiii.
987:"Social and Breeding Biology of Bee-eaters in Thailand"
392:
grouping together with the most similar species being
1275:
Santharam, V (1981). "Pellet casting by Bee-eaters".
319:) Iran to Pakistan (paler colours with a blue throat)
1673:
1475:
1453:
1428:
1414:
1071:Asokan, S.; A.M.S. Ali & R. Manikannan (2010).
654:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22725876A119972083.en
893:(Fourth ed.). Gurney and Jackson. pp.
1151:Smitha, B.; Thakar, J. & Watve, M. (1999).
682:Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters and Rollers. A Handbook
304:. Several populations have been designated as
1387:
8:
837:"Plumage-based phylogenetic analyses of the
772:"Handlist of the birds of the Indian empire"
882:
880:
878:
876:
795:"Occurrence of the Common Indian Bee-eater
757:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
1661:
1394:
1380:
1372:
63:
36:
27:
1985:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)
1092:
1073:"Breeding biology of the Small Bee-eater
910:"Abnormal variety of the Green Bee-eater
652:
1027:Sridhar, S.; K. Praveen Karanth (1993).
960:"The roosting habits of Green Bee-eater
709:"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List"
621:
594:
541:
822:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide
750:
748:
746:
744:
675:
673:
671:
7:
1645:
1153:"Do bee eaters have theory of mind?"
703:
701:
384:A study of species within the genus
1960:IUCN Red List least concern species
640:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
355:M. v. viridissimus, M. v. cleopatra
820:Rasmussen PC; JC Anderton (2005).
14:
536:, has been described from India.
1644:
1635:
1634:
1180:Journal of Environmental Biology
890:Popular Handbook of Indian Birds
860:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00289.x
597:
583:
571:
559:
544:
276:. Populations in Africa and the
88:
629:BirdLife International (2017).
402:appeared closer to that group.
684:. Princeton University Press.
1:
1305:Journal of Parasitic Diseases
428:individuals have been noted.
1311:(2): 103–107. Archived from
1208:Korean Journal of Apiculture
962:Merops orientalis orientalis
369:, along with its subspecies
353:, along with its subspecies
1338:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1278:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1094:10.11609/jott.o2273.797-804
755:Ali, S; S D Ripley (1983).
680:Fry, C.H.; Fry, K. (1992).
528:An endoparasitic nematode (
422:, usually given in flight.
418:The calls is a nasal trill
2001:
1622:Southern carmine bee-eater
1617:Northern carmine bee-eater
1567:Cinnamon-chested bee-eater
1248:Khacher, Lavkumar (1995).
1081:Journal of Threatened Taxa
530:Torquatoides balanocephala
300:in 1801 using its current
18:
1630:
1607:Chestnut-headed bee-eater
1537:Blue-moustached bee-eater
1250:"Little Green Bee-eater,
1122:10.1007/s10071-002-0155-6
1046:: 489–490. Archived from
647:: e.T22725876A119972083.
215:
208:
190:
183:
85:Scientific classification
83:
61:
52:
44:
35:
30:
1542:Rufous-crowned bee-eater
1517:Swallow-tailed bee-eater
1512:White-throated bee-eater
1463:Purple-bearded bee-eater
1367:Internet Bird Collection
1258:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1254:Latham feeding on crabs"
968:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
941:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
918:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
803:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
776:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
578:flying off to catch prey
432:Distribution and habitat
292:Taxonomy and systematics
19:Not to be confused with
1980:Birds described in 1801
1587:Blue-throated bee-eater
1557:Blue-breasted bee-eater
1552:White-fronted bee-eater
1507:Arabian green bee-eater
1502:African green bee-eater
1467:Blue-breasted bee-eater
985:Burt, D. Brent (2002).
935:Dewar, Douglas (1906).
908:Whistler, Hugh (1919).
887:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
363:Arabian green bee-eater
347:African green bee-eater
286:Arabian green bee-eater
282:African green bee-eater
1572:Black-headed bee-eater
1547:Red-throated bee-eater
1492:Blue-cheeked bee-eater
1445:Blue-bearded bee-eater
1040:Curr. Sci. (Bangalore)
835:Burt, D Brent (2004).
503:
471:
243:little green bee-eater
31:Asian green bee-eater
1532:Blue-headed bee-eater
1522:Blue-tailed bee-eater
1497:Asian green bee-eater
1440:Red-bearded bee-eater
1296:Nandi, A. P. (2007).
1231:Journal of Ecobiology
958:Bastawde, DB (1976).
534:Haemoproteus manwelli
501:
459:
445:Behaviour and ecology
233:Asian green bee-eater
1229:in Mayiladuthurai".
1970:Birds of South Asia
1562:Ethiopian bee-eater
770:Baker, ECS (1922).
420:tree-tree-tree-tree
395:Merops leschenaulti
270:Indian subcontinent
55:Conservation status
1975:Birds of Indochina
1602:European bee-eater
793:Nurse, CG (1904).
504:
472:
400:M. o. ferrugeiceps
359:M. v. flavoviridis
329:M. o. ferrugeiceps
317:M. o. biludschicus
313:M. o. beludschicus
176:M. orientalis
1947:
1946:
1937:Merops-orientalis
1919:Open Tree of Life
1732:merops-orientalis
1719:Merops_orientalis
1705:Merops orientalis
1675:Merops orientalis
1667:Taxon identifiers
1658:
1657:
1597:Rainbow bee-eater
1252:Merops orientalis
1227:Merops orientalis
1176:Merops orientalis
1075:Merops orientalis
1031:Merops orientalis
633:Merops orientalis
457:
375:M. c. muscatensis
278:Arabian Peninsula
268:east through the
241:), also known as
238:Merops orientalis
229:
228:
223:
194:Merops orientalis
78:
1992:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1748:
1747:
1745:759AD1FB7E4EDF8C
1735:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1662:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1582:Böhm's bee-eater
1577:Somali bee-eater
1487:Little bee-eater
1396:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1354:
1353:
1344:(8): 1721–1725.
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1245:
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1216:
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1202:
1196:
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1110:Animal Cognition
1105:
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1068:
1062:
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1058:
1052:
1037:
1024:
1018:
1017:
991:
982:
976:
975:
955:
949:
948:
932:
926:
925:
905:
899:
898:
884:
871:
870:
868:
862:. Archived from
845:
832:
826:
825:
817:
811:
810:
790:
784:
783:
767:
761:
760:
752:
739:
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719:
718:
716:
715:
705:
696:
695:
677:
666:
665:
663:
661:
656:
626:
605:M. o. orientalis
601:
587:
575:
563:
552:M. o. ceylonicus
548:
461:M. o. orientalis
458:
390:M. o. orientalis
371:M. c. cyanophrys
339:M. o. ceylonicus
323:M. o. orientalis
221:
196:
93:
92:
72:
67:
66:
46:M. o. ceylonicus
40:
28:
21:Little bee-eater
2000:
1999:
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1906:Observation.org
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1787:
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1769:
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1756:
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1743:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1626:
1592:Olive bee-eater
1527:Black bee-eater
1471:
1449:
1424:
1410:
1400:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1350:10.1139/z78-236
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1157:Current Science
1150:
1149:
1145:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
989:
984:
983:
979:
957:
956:
952:
934:
933:
929:
907:
906:
902:
886:
885:
874:
866:
843:
834:
833:
829:
819:
818:
814:
799:in Baluchistan"
792:
791:
787:
769:
768:
764:
754:
753:
742:
727:
726:
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713:
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707:
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699:
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669:
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591:
588:
579:
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555:
549:
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449:
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408:
398:and subspecies
351:M. viridissimus
294:
247:green bee-eater
204:
198:
192:
179:
87:
79:
68:
64:
57:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
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1612:Rosy bee-eater
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1361:External links
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1197:
1186:(4): 477–482.
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1143:
1100:
1087:(4): 797–804.
1063:
1019:
1000:(2): 275–279.
977:
950:
927:
912:Merops viridis
900:
872:
869:on 2009-09-20.
854:(3): 481–492.
827:
812:
797:Merops viridis
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255:near passerine
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219:Merops viridis
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1397:
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1378:
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1374:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1318:on 2016-11-09
1314:
1310:
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1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1241:
1237:(3): 199–204.
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
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1167:
1162:
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1127:
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1119:
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1111:
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1082:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1053:on 2016-03-03
1049:
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1034:
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1023:
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1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
981:
978:
973:
969:
965:
963:
954:
951:
947:(2): 520–522.
946:
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931:
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923:
919:
915:
913:
904:
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865:
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849:
842:
840:
831:
828:
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809:(3): 530–531.
808:
804:
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724:
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691:0-7136-8028-8
687:
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636:
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606:
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586:
581:
574:
569:
566:spotting prey
562:
557:
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547:
542:
540:
537:
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531:
526:
524:
520:
519:hymenopterans
515:
511:
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485:
481:
478:, especially
477:
470:
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368:
367:M. cyanophrys
364:
360:
356:
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348:
340:
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334:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
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302:binomial name
299:
291:
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287:
283:
279:
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271:
267:
263:
260:
256:
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248:
244:
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222:Neumann, 1910
220:
217:
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197:
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189:
186:
185:Binomial name
182:
178:
177:
172:
169:
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160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:Coraciiformes
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
86:
82:
76:
71:
70:Least Concern
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1674:
1496:
1476:
1454:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1409:: Meropidae)
1341:
1337:
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1308:
1304:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1116:(4): 253–9.
1113:
1109:
1103:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1055:. Retrieved
1048:the original
1043:
1039:
1030:
1022:
997:
993:
980:
971:
967:
961:
953:
944:
940:
930:
921:
917:
911:
903:
889:
864:the original
851:
847:
838:
830:
821:
815:
806:
802:
796:
788:
779:
775:
765:
756:
733:
729:Latham, John
723:
712:. Retrieved
681:
658:. Retrieved
644:
638:
632:
624:
604:
551:
538:
533:
529:
527:
523:Orthopterans
516:
512:
505:
473:
460:
439:
435:
424:
419:
417:
413:beludschicus
412:
409:
399:
393:
389:
385:
383:
374:
370:
366:
358:
354:
350:
344:
338:
332:
328:
322:
316:
312:
295:
257:bird in the
246:
242:
237:
236:
232:
230:
218:
193:
191:
175:
174:
162:
48:, Sri Lanka
45:
25:
1841:iNaturalist
1699:Wikispecies
994:Wilson Bull
841:bee-eaters"
660:11 November
406:Description
298:John Latham
1954:Categories
1932:Xeno-canto
1431:Nyctyornis
1403:Bee-eaters
1322:2018-12-24
1163:: 574–577.
1057:2009-07-24
714:2021-06-13
616:References
609:blue pansy
590:with a bee
306:subspecies
1965:Meropidae
1455:Meropogon
1285:(12): 18.
1264:(1): 121.
1214:(1): 5–9.
974:(1): 215.
924:(3): 844.
782:(2): 141.
492:Migration
469:Sri Lanka
426:Leucistic
381:in 2021.
259:bee-eater
251:Sri Lanka
170:Species:
152:Meropidae
108:Kingdom:
102:Eukaryota
1885:22725876
1859:10716122
1758:22725876
1753:BirdLife
1684:Wikidata
1640:Category
1192:15248666
1138:29565695
1130:12461603
1014:86185603
731:(1801).
333:birmanus
284:and the
210:Synonyms
148:Family:
122:Chordata
118:Phylum:
112:Animalia
98:Domain:
75:IUCN 3.1
1833:2475410
1807:grbeat1
1781:grbeat1
1740:Avibase
1690:Q420840
1650:Commons
1422:Species
964:Latham"
607:eating
508:helpers
476:insects
274:Vietnam
253:, is a
158:Genus:
138:Order:
128:Class:
73: (
1924:423282
1898:457316
1872:554654
1815:EURING
1771:115146
1727:ARKive
1478:Merops
1407:family
1190:
1136:
1128:
1012:
839:Merops
688:
465:Okanda
386:Merops
361:) and
357:, and
262:family
245:, and
203:, 1801
201:Latham
163:Merops
1854:IRMNG
1802:eBird
1794:3ZW5J
1778:BOW:
1416:Genus
1316:(PDF)
1301:(PDF)
1134:S2CID
1051:(PDF)
1036:(PDF)
1010:S2CID
990:(PDF)
897:–296.
867:(PDF)
844:(PDF)
484:wasps
1893:NCBI
1880:IUCN
1867:ITIS
1846:2229
1828:GBIF
1820:8380
1766:BOLD
1188:PMID
1126:PMID
848:Ibis
686:ISBN
662:2021
645:2017
554:pair
488:ants
486:and
480:bees
373:and
345:The
266:Iran
231:The
132:Aves
1911:986
1789:CoL
1714:ADW
1346:doi
1118:doi
1089:doi
1002:doi
998:114
895:295
856:doi
852:146
649:doi
463:in
379:IOC
272:to
249:in
1956::
1934::
1921::
1908::
1895::
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1869::
1856::
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1465:*
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23:.
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