538:
patient body weight. Recently, a 44-year-old man was bitten twice by this species, which was kept in captivity, one hour after the bite he developed vomiting, respiratory failure (requiring mechanical ventilation), paralysis of the bulbar muscles and upper limbs, with retention of the voluntary motor control in the lower limbs. After treatment, paralysis and respiratory failure resolved in 12 hours. No antivenom or established clinical management protocol is currently available for this species and timely access to assisted ventilation is limited in many regions in southern Africa.
31:
467:, which means that it is a part of a family of venomous snakes that are usually found within tropical or sub-tropical regions around the globe. It has an enlarged rostral scale, which is the scale located at the front of the snout above the mouth opening on the snake. The head relative to the body is very short, making it very easy to distinguish it from the neck and rest of the snake. Colors range from red-orange to yellow, slightly resembling the coloration patterns seen on some
75:
50:
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to reproduce. If mating occurs at this time, the eggs will usually be laid in May or June. After that, there is a period of about 65 days before the eggs begin to hatch. There are usually between 3 and 11 eggs hatched per clutch, with sometimes multiple clutches per breeding period. Each hatchling can be around 17–18 cm (6.7–7.1 inches) in total length.
207:
500:
also known to target those vertebrates which are strictly diurnal, which are sleeping when it is on the hunt. This snake is known to rear up towards prey or when threatened, and then strike, injecting its venom. In captivity, it is known to eat some types of fish, mice, small rats, and also chicken legs, which are preferred by the juveniles.
530:(known as true cobras). When venom has been taken in captivity, it yields around 27–71 mg of wet venom. The average yield is around 55 mg and is about 28% solid material. Previous studies have shown that in rats, this snake's venom caused neurological symptoms, which escalated into respiratory failure and eventually death.
512:
in the wild, however there is reproduction data from captivity. In captivity, it is known to be exceptionally easy to breed. The breeding period starts in the winter, with the cooling down of winter temperatures. The snakes then increase their uptake of food to help cope with the extra energy needed
486:
is nocturnal, which means most of its activity and hunting occurs during the night. Since it generally prefers arid, rocky/sandy ecosystems, it will often be found living under rocks or even in burrows and tunnels. It has also been known to prefer leaving its burrow or hiding spots on cooler nights
499:
is nocturnal, it relies on smell and taste to hunt its prey. It typically leaves its burrow or hole in search of smaller vertebrates nearby. It preys specifically on lizards, but has also been known to hunt other vertebrates such as legless skinks, small rodents, and sometimes other snakes. It is
537:
bites are documented and report different effects ranging from no symptoms (possible bites without envenoming), mild symptoms to severe neurological signs and fatal outcome. The effect of the venom might depend on variations in intra-specific venom composition, amount of venom administered and
471:. The Cape coral snake has thick black rings along the length of the body, fully encircling on the body while not fully on the tail segment. There are around 20–47 total rings spanning the length of the snakes body. This species also contains a narrow hood right below the head, much like other
546:
As of 2015, the Cape coral snake is not listed as threatened or in need of conservation efforts. The main threat that is listed for this species is when crossing roads and highways, where vehicles can run over them.
525:
has been kept in captivity, there is still little available information on the venom and its clinical effect. A study analyzing the venom suggests a composition similar to other elapids such as species of the genus
804:
Whiteley, Gareth; Casewell, Nicholas R.; Pla, Davinia; Quesada-Bernat, Sarai; Logan, Rhiannon A. E.; Bolton, Fiona M. S.; Wagstaff, Simon C.; Gutiérrez, José M.; Calvete, Juan J.; Harrison, Robert A. (2019-04-30).
462:
is a relatively small, slender bodied snake, around 1.6–2.0 ft (49–61 cm) in total length (including tail), with some growing up to 2.5 ft (76 cm) in some cases. The Cape coral snake is a small
1249:
703:
807:"Defining the pathogenic threat of envenoming by South African shield-nosed and coral snakes (genus Aspidelaps), and revealing the likely efficacy of available antivenom"
1302:
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1179:
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681:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphae) ...
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365:, and all the way up into Namibia. It mostly inhabits very arid regions, like deserts and rocky/sandy ecosystems. These areas within
1021:
984:
715:
1184:
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London: Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (
999:
Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum
1038:
786:
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979:. Third Revised edition, Second impression. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 399 pp., 112 color plates.
74:
1210:
994:
859:"A confirmed human fatality due to envenomation by the Kunene Coral Snake (Aspidelaps lubricus cowlesi) in Namibia"
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Barton, David J.; Shao, Shirley; Marino, Ryan T.; Reichmeider, Alex; Yanta, Joseph H.; Pizon, Anthony F. (2019).
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within the Karoo are known for low predictable rainfall and little vegetation, mostly shrubs and scrubs.
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1043:– General Details, Taxonomy and Biology, Venom, Clinical Effects, Treatment, First Aid, Antivenoms"
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906:"Neurotoxic envenomation by the South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus): A case report"
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The
Dangerous Snakes of Africa: Natural History, Species Directory, Venoms, and Snakebite
857:
Theart, Francois; Kemp, Luke; Buys, Christo; Hauptfleisch, Morgan; Berg, Philipp (2024).
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1001:. Vienna: Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern. 214 pp. + Plates I-V. (
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746:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
977:
Field Guide to Snakes and other
Reptiles of Southern Africa
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658:. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. www.itis.gov
447:, is in honor of African-born American herpetologist
1074:
697:
695:
693:
589:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T110167993A139741175.en
409:Cape Province, Orange Free State (South Africa)
1016:. Dubai: Oriental Press: Ralph Curtis-Books.
769:"Branson's Wild World – Namibian Coral Cobra"
487:compared to the warmer nights in the summer.
8:
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608:
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425:Angolan coral snake or Kunene coral snake
205:
48:
29:
20:
991:, pp. 103–104 + Plates 20 & 26).
587:
1303:Taxa named by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti
564:Alexander, G. J.; Tolley, K. A. (2021).
1005:, new species, p. 80). (in Latin).
556:
642:
640:
852:
850:
848:
7:
1283:IUCN Red List least concern species
787:"WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources"
575:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
508:Not much information was found on
428:Southern Angola, northern Namibia
14:
744:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
73:
388:
385:
382:
379:
1:
922:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.01.001
875:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107537
1047:Clinical Toxinology Resource
504:Reproduction and life cycles
350:Geographic range and habitat
823:10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.019
756:Aspidelaps lubricus cowlesi
742:; Grayson, Michael (2011).
357:is found in regions of the
1319:
1298:Reptiles described in 1768
582:: e.T110167993A139741175.
656:ITIS Standard Report Page
246:
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70:Scientific classification
68:
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1049:. University of Adelaide
395:A. l. lubricus
315:, commonly known as the
1012:; Branch, Bill (1995).
702:van der Ploeg, Harold.
533:Few reports concerning
449:Raymond Bridgman Cowles
415:A. l. cowlesi
811:Journal of Proteomics
773:Branson's Wild World
624:The Reptile Database
346:to southern Africa.
1106:Aspidelaps lubricus
1076:Aspidelaps lubricus
1041:Aspidelaps lubricus
989:Aspidelaps lubricus
706:Aspidelaps lubricus
685:Aspidelaps lubricus
650:Aspidelaps lubricus
618:Aspidelaps lubricus
568:Aspidelaps lubricus
542:Conservation status
312:Aspidelaps lubricus
297:Aspidelaps lubricus
189:Aspidelaps lubricus
40:Conservation status
325:coral shield cobra
1270:
1269:
1232:Open Tree of Life
1068:Taxon identifiers
752:978-1-4214-0135-5
620:(Laurenti, 1768)"
432:
431:
406:Cape coral snake
389:Geographic range
342:. The species is
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24:Cape coral snake
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1293:Snakes of Africa
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441:subspecific name
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321:Cape coral cobra
317:Cape coral snake
302:
301:— A. Smith, 1849
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171:A. lubricus
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1003:Natrix lubrica
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250:Natrix lubrica
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952:"SCARCE HOME"
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718:on 2015-06-01
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720:. Retrieved
716:the original
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677:Boulenger GA
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386:Common name
367:South Africa
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1154:iNaturalist
1100:Wikispecies
1053:16 February
995:Laurenti JN
817:: 186–198.
736:Beolens, Bo
662:16 February
629:16 February
535:A. lubricus
523:A. lubricus
510:A. lubricus
497:A. lubricus
484:A. lubricus
469:corn snakes
460:A. lubricus
455:Description
380:Subspecies
355:A. lubricus
232:A. scutatus
221:A. lubricus
1288:Aspidelaps
1277:Categories
869:: 107537.
722:2015-04-29
551:References
158:Aspidelaps
133:Suborder:
1198:110167993
956:sun.ac.za
916:: 38–40.
883:0041-0101
831:1874-3919
521:Although
479:Behaviour
435:Etymology
361:, former
165:Species:
137:Serpentes
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1250:lubricus
1172:10364200
1091:Q1285063
1085:Wikidata
997:(1768).
975:(2004).
938:58584594
930:30660557
891:38043715
839:30290233
679:(1896).
403:, 1768)
401:Laurenti
373:Taxonomy
340:Elapidae
290:Schlegel
277:A. Smith
241:Synonyms
197:Laurenti
147:Elapidae
143:Family:
127:Squamata
117:Reptilia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1146:2469995
910:Toxicon
863:Toxicon
595:28 June
445:cowlesi
422:, 1940
344:endemic
335:in the
329:species
327:, is a
199:, 1768)
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1260:185119
1257:uBio:
1237:482348
1211:889328
1185:700443
1133:795714
1020:
983:
936:
928:
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881:
837:
829:
750:
495:Since
473:cobras
465:elapid
420:Bogert
337:family
292:, 1837
279:, 1826
267:, 1820
265:Merrem
227:
216:
1224:97164
1167:IRMNG
1159:30464
934:S2CID
517:Venom
359:Karoo
1206:NCBI
1193:IUCN
1180:ITIS
1141:GBIF
1120:HDSC
1055:2012
1018:ISBN
981:ISBN
926:PMID
887:PMID
879:ISSN
835:PMID
827:ISSN
748:ISBN
664:2012
631:2012
597:2023
580:2021
528:Naja
491:Diet
439:The
1128:EoL
1115:CoL
987:. (
918:doi
914:159
871:doi
867:237
819:doi
815:198
754:. (
584:doi
331:of
323:or
1279::
1247::
1245:RD
1234::
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1169::
1156::
1143::
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1117::
1102::
1087::
1045:.
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932:.
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912:.
908:.
885:.
877:.
865:.
861:.
847:^
833:.
825:.
813:.
809:.
789:.
771:.
738:;
710:.
692:^
654:.
639:^
622:.
605:^
578:.
572:.
475:.
451:.
443:,
319:,
288:—
263:—
1057:.
1039:"
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708:"
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586::
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399:(
195:(
62:)
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