371:
lobed, while the remainder tapers towards the tip much like the smaller fronds, with irregular margins. Specimens occasionally form buds at the leaf tip which can develop into new plants. The larger fronds typically have one to two pairs of lance-shaped pinnae, 0.7 to 2 centimeters (0.3 to 0.8 in) long and 0.4 to 1 centimeter (0.2 to 0.4 in) in width. The pinnae are squared off at the base, sometimes bearing "ears". They may be blunt- or pointed-tipped, and their edges may be entire or have small, wavy serrations. The lobes of the larger fronts are similar in form to the pinnae; they may be smaller or larger than the pinnae (giving the frond an asymmetrical appearance), ranging from 0.3 to 5 centimeters (0.1 to 2 in) in length and 0.3 to 1 centimeter (0.1 to 0.4 in) in width.
363:
very base. The apical part of the frond slowly tapers to a tip; its edges range from lobed to very slightly serrated. They do not generally have more than one pair of pinnae, if they have them at all. When the pinnae exist, they are roughly oval-shaped, with the ovals widest towards the base, 0.5 to 0.9 centimeters (0.2 to 0.4 in) long to 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters (0.2 to 0.2 in) across, with squared-off bases, blunt tips, and no teeth. The lobes are similar in shape to the pinnae, 0.3 to 1 centimeter (0.1 to 0.4 in) long and 0.2 to 0.4 centimeters (0.08 to 0.16 in) wide, with blunt tips; their edges may be entire (toothless) or have small, wavy serrations. These fronds are, occasionally, fertile, in which case they bear from 1 to 3
33:
90:
320:(the stalk of the leaf, below the blade) may sprout along the length of the rhizome, which is covered in scales near its upper tip. The scales are narrowly triangular in shape, and range from 1 to 4 millimeters (0.04 to 0.2 in) long and 0.2 to 0.5 millimeters wide. The scales are translucent, but are covered with a dark clathrate (lattice-like) network, giving them a stained-glass-like appearance.
1406:
67:
370:
The larger, more upright fronds are also lance-shaped, measuring from 7 to 18 centimeters (3 to 7 in) long and 2 to 8 centimeters (0.8 to 3.1 in) across. They are more deeply cut than the smaller fronds; the basal one-quarter to one-third of the blade is cut into pinnae, the middle half is
419:
was accidentally produced in culture. It resembled walking fern and had proliferating tips, but the basal portion of the leaf was sporadically and irregularly cut into sharp-pointed lobes (never pinnae) in a manner resembling Scott's spleenwort, and the edge of the long, drawn-out apical portion of
362:
The smaller, ground-hugging fronds are lance-shaped, ranging from 2 to 11 centimeters (0.8 to 4.3 in) long and 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 in) across. The basal half to two-thirds of the blade is cut into lobes; they are occasionally cut all the way to the rachis to form pinnae at the
495:
that grew into sporophytes. The resulting sporophytes showed a number of differences when compared with the
Alabama plants: they were lighter green, more delicate in texture, had wider and more regular blades, and had slightly but distinctly toothed edges. Other than these differences, they very
323:
The stipe is shiny and chestnut-brown to purplish brown in color. The lowest quarter of the stipe is scaly, while the upper half is hairy. The scales resemble those of the rhizome, diminishing in size and particularly in width, taking on a linear shape. The hairs are orange-reddish in color, and
339:(central axes) are covered by hairs like those on the upper stipe. Each rachis is similar in color to the stipe at the base, turning green and dull towards the tip of the leaf. In fertile fronds,
324:
become thicker towards the tip. In smaller fronds, the stipe is 0.5 to 2.5 centimeters (0.20 to 0.98 in) long, while in the larger fronds, it is 2.0 to 9 centimeters (0.8 to 4 in) long.
491:
on culture media. While the vast majority of these were sterile, a small number were unreduced, diploid, and fertile. When these diploid spores fertilized one another, they formed allotetraploid
527:
for the original discoverer. They argued that as a fertile, reproductively isolated population sharing a common origin, the fertile individuals were consistent with several popular biological
464:, was eventually conceded to be a hybrid, the distinction between the fertile population at Havana Glen and the sterile individuals elsewhere was not entirely clear until 1953. At that time,
420:
the leaf had shallow undulations rather than being a smooth curve. The stipe was maroon, the color extending only a short distance into the rachis. Apart from the geographical confinement of
316:, which may be horizontal or upright. The rhizome may be 0.5 to 2 centimeters (0.2 to 0.8 in) long and 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters (0.12 to 0.20 in) in diameter. Both roots and
1649:
596:, form proliferating buds at the leaf tip, these are quite rare and play no significant role in its reproduction. Propagation is almost entirely through spores.
611:
The plant is sometimes cultivated as a greenhouse or garden ornamental. It can be grown in moist potting mix, and prefers medium light and high humidity. The
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550:
is only found in Havana Glen and some of the small neighboring ravines. As of 1982, 200 to 300 individuals were believed to grow in Havana Glen proper.
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per pina or lobe in the more basal part of the frond; in the more apical part of the frond, each lobe or tooth on one side of the midrib bears a sorus.
1504:
448:
prison reformer and educator. She found it in a ravine, now known as Havana Glen, about five miles from her home. At the time, the hybrid origin of
1284:
Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Whitmire, R.S. (1957). "Spontaneous production of a morphologically distinct, fertile allopolyploid by a sterile diploid of
1543:
1582:
309:, with the larger, fertile leaf blades more or less upright, while the smaller, usually sterile blades are tightly pressed against the ground.
1410:
1083:
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closely resembled the diploid
Maryland population from which they originated. Wagner argued that these changes reflected differences in
381:, from which it can be distinguished by its fertile, well-formed spores (as opposed to the malformed, sterile spores of the latter).
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1004:
960:
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347:, which are attached to the leaf blade at one edge. Within the sori, 64 spores are borne in each sporangium. The species is
1679:
1225:"A new hybrid spleenwort from artificial cultures at Fernwood and its relationship to a peculiar plant from West Virginia"
700:
cannot successfully pair to initiate meiosis. In an unreduced spore, the spore has formed directly from the sporophyte by
577:. The thin soil formed from the decomposed rock is minimacid. The ferns grow largely on the rocks, which are coated with
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The
Alabama Plant Conservation Alliance is working to monitor and conserve the single wild population of
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without sterilization and developed, under glass, in a warm room. Young sporophytes, with a part of the
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1272:. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
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424:, it can generally be distinguished from other spleenworts by the same characters as
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456:, among others, to be a strong argument against the hybridity of the species. While
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is quite variable. The leaves are green in color, not leathery (unlike some other
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Many threadlike roots, up to 6 centimeters (2 in) long, are attached to the
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and was described as part of that species until 2007. It is named in honor of
44:
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Keener, Brian R.; Davenport, Larry J. (2007). "A new name for the well-known
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640:
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234:
174:
1319:"Ecological, biosystematic, and nomenclatural notes on Scott's spleenwort,
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was in question, and the existence of this fertile population was felt by
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spores with a chromosome number one-half that of the sporophyte. Because
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403:. Its blade is fully cut into pinnae, and the principal resemblance to
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Walter, Kerry S.; Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Wagner, Florence S. (1982).
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of the fertile individuals as a distinct species, which they named
484:
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249:, formed by the chromosomal doubling of a specimen of the sterile
101:
859:
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953:
A Field Guide to Ferns of
Northeastern and Central North America
898:
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660:
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578:
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134:
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476:, while the fertile individuals had arisen from the diploid by
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contains chromosomes from two different parental species, its
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734:
732:
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728:
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724:
722:
720:
531:, and warranted recognition as a species. The segregation of
951:
Cobb, Boughton; Farnsworth, Elizabeth; Lowe, Cheryl (2005).
955:. Peterson Field Guides. New York City: Houghton Mifflin.
508:
individuals that had given rise to the two populations.
1268:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
305:
that grows in individual clumps. It displays a slight
934:. Alabama Plant Conservation Alliance. Archived from
704:
and has the same chromosome number as the sporophyte.
519:. However, in 2007, Brian Keener and Larry Davenport
1223:
Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Boydston, Kathryn E. (1958).
1155:"A cytological study of the Appalachian spleenworts"
1055:
Journal of the
Botanical Research Institute of Texas
615:
sold commercially, if grown from spores, is in fact
1441:
511:Wagner preferred to treat both sterile and fertile
863:
750:
539:made it one of the rarest fern species worldwide.
995:Hoshizaki, Barbara Joe; Moran, Robbin C. (2001).
627:) was published in 1949. The spores were sown on
846:
399:, but the hybrid's morphology is much closer to
301:is a small, compact, evergreen, rock-inhabiting
738:
902:
834:
774:
875:
407:is in the long apex of the blade, lacking in
8:
1053:(Aspleniaceae) from Hale County, Alabama".
684:A fertile diploid sporophyte would undergo
635:, were transferred to a sterile mixture of
278:, which are fertile rather than malformed,
1429:
619:. A detailed report on the cultivation of
65:
31:
20:
16:Species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae
1256:Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Moran, Robbin C.;
810:
786:
436:The species was originally discovered in
1650:NatureServe critically imperiled species
483:Wagner went on to sow a large number of
1016:"The cultivation of Scott's spleenwort"
798:
716:
677:
1270:Flora of North America North of Mexico
914:
822:
762:
411:. A triploid backcross hybrid between
1290:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
1084:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
7:
887:
335:species), and both leaves and their
377:is most likely to be confused with
1675:Endemic flora of the United States
1601:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60448440-2
14:
1190:Asplenium ebenoides × platyneuron
1404:
864:Walter, Wagner & Wagner 1982
751:Cobb, Farnsworth & Lowe 2005
585:, rather than the forest floor.
88:
623:from spores (under the name of
1367:locality near Havana, Alabama"
1186:Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1956).
999:. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
847:Wagner, Moran & Werth 1993
561:is found growing on ledges of
487:from a Maryland population of
213:B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenport
1:
393:to form the sterile triploid
343:are covered with membraneous
1109:"The rarer ferns of Alabama"
970:Davenport, Larry J. (2012).
569:pebbles in a matrix rich in
327:The shape of leaf blades in
282:is essentially identical to
739:Keener & Davenport 2007
1701:
1665:Ferns of the United States
903:Hoshizaki & Moran 2001
835:Wagner & Whitmire 1957
775:Wagner & Boydston 1958
396:A. × boydstoniae
231:Scott's fertile spleenwort
1014:Irving, Frank N. (1949).
876:Wherry & Trudell 1930
203:
196:
85:Scientific classification
83:
63:
54:
39:
30:
23:
1670:Plants described in 2007
1321:× Asplenosorus ebenoides
694:A. × ebenoides
613:A. × ebenoides
554:Ecology and conservation
537:A. × ebenoides
513:A. × ebenoides
489:A. × ebenoides
470:A. × ebenoides
458:A. × ebenoides
450:A. × ebenoides
426:A. × ebenoides
379:A. × ebenoides
284:A. × ebenoides
255:A. × ebenoides
980:Encyclopedia of Alabama
932:"Conservation Projects"
698:homologous chromosomes
355:chromosome number of 2
1371:American Fern Journal
1327:American Fern Journal
1229:American Fern Journal
1196:American Fern Journal
1159:American Fern Journal
1151:Wagner, Warren H. Jr.
1021:American Fern Journal
521:published a treatment
500:between the original
480:and were tetraploid.
227:Tutwiler's spleenwort
71:Critically Imperiled
1680:Hale County, Alabama
1473:Asplenium tutwilerae
1443:Asplenium tutwilerae
1418:NatureServe Explorer
1411:Asplenium tutwilerae
1105:Underwood, Lucien M.
1079:"Asplenium ebnoides"
997:Fern Grower's Manual
974:Asplenium tutwilerae
667:Notes and references
594:A. rhizophyllum
559:Asplenium tutwilerae
548:Asplenium tutwilerae
506:A. rhizophyllum
468:showed that sterile
438:Hale County, Alabama
413:A. rhizophyllum
299:Asplenium tutwilerae
271:A. rhizophyllum
239:Hale County, Alabama
222:Asplenium tutwilerae
207:Asplenium tutwilerae
43:incorporated into a
41:Asplenium tutwilerae
25:Asplenium tutwilerae
1365:Asplenium ebenoides
1286:Asplenium ebenoides
1264:Asplenium ebenoides
1075:Leggett, William H.
982:. Auburn University
938:on December 3, 2012
502:A. platyneuron
409:A. platyneuron
401:A. platyneuron
391:A. platyneuron
265:A. platyneuron
237:fern found only in
57:Conservation status
621:A. tutwilerae
617:A. tutwilerae
601:A. tutwilerae
590:A. tutwilerae
533:A. tutwilerae
525:A. tutwilerae
462:A. tutwilerae
422:A. tutwilerae
417:A. tutwilerae
405:A. tutwilerae
383:A. tutwilerae
375:A. tutwilerae
329:A. tutwilerae
280:A. tutwilerae
243:A. tutwilerae
189:A. tutwilerae
1637:
1636:
1570:Open Tree of Life
1435:Taxon identifiers
1359:Trudell, Harry W.
1258:Werth, Charles R.
1114:Botanical Gazette
625:A. ebenoides
565:, which contains
274:. Except for its
241:, United States.
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1660:Flora of Alabama
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1409:Data related to
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529:species concepts
454:Lucien Underwood
307:frond dimorphism
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1400:External links
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1377:(1): 30–33.
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1333:(3): 65–75.
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1296:(2): 79–89.
1293:
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1274:. Retrieved
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1028:(2): 36–42.
1025:
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984:. Retrieved
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936:the original
910:
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799:Leggett 1873
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688:to generate
680:
651:(to provide
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558:
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543:Distribution
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230:
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188:
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175:
165:Aspleniaceae
155:Aspleniineae
145:Polypodiales
108:
40:
24:
18:
1557:NatureServe
1518:iNaturalist
1467:Wikispecies
924:Works cited
915:Irving 1949
823:Wagner 1953
763:Wagner 1956
655:), crushed
647:, crumbled
633:gametophyte
607:Cultivation
517:conspecific
466:Herb Wagner
440:in 1873 by
387:backcrosses
294:Description
75:NatureServe
1644:Categories
1536:60448440-2
1276:2012-03-31
712:References
661:rain water
645:cow manure
592:can, like
353:sporophyte
349:tetraploid
151:Suborder:
121:Division:
45:green wall
1655:Asplenium
1614:100387465
1051:Asplenium
888:APCA 2012
641:bone meal
567:siliceous
351:, with a
333:Asplenium
235:epipetric
183:Species:
176:Asplenium
98:Kingdom:
1609:Tropicos
1562:2.128561
1458:Q4808147
1452:Wikidata
1361:(1930).
1260:(1993).
1153:(1953).
1143:84385559
1107:(1896).
1077:(1873).
1067:41971394
942:June 29,
657:charcoal
498:genotype
432:Taxonomy
337:rachides
161:Family:
1575:5149064
1510:4259049
1391:1544662
1347:1546598
1310:2482783
1249:1545451
1216:1545364
1179:1545766
1135:2464005
1097:2477442
1042:1544988
986:July 3,
702:meiosis
690:haploid
686:meiosis
653:calcium
649:plaster
643:, aged
583:lichens
575:calcium
493:zygotes
474:diploid
446:Alabama
359:= 144.
345:indusia
314:rhizome
251:diploid
171:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
102:Plantae
73: (
1583:PLANTS
1549:897128
1523:158800
1389:
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1214:
1177:
1141:
1133:
1095:
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1040:
1003:
959:
588:While
579:mosses
485:spores
318:stipes
276:spores
260:hybrid
1588:ASTU3
1481:APA:
1387:JSTOR
1363:"The
1343:JSTOR
1306:JSTOR
1245:JSTOR
1212:JSTOR
1175:JSTOR
1139:S2CID
1131:JSTOR
1093:JSTOR
1063:JSTOR
1038:JSTOR
672:Notes
535:from
444:, an
389:with
385:also
109:Clade
1596:POWO
1544:ITIS
1531:IPNI
1505:GBIF
1497:HLQS
1001:ISBN
988:2012
957:ISBN
944:2012
637:loam
629:peat
581:and
571:iron
504:and
472:was
415:and
365:sori
341:sori
303:fern
268:and
258:, a
1622:WFO
1492:CoL
1379:doi
1335:doi
1298:doi
1288:".
1237:doi
1204:doi
1167:doi
1123:doi
1030:doi
515:as
262:of
229:or
47:at
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741:.
357:n
225:(
77:)
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