155:
orbit phase (when the mission commander is in control of the lunar module from separation phase until the LM docked back with CSM in lunar orbit). The CM pilot would also have other objectives during lunar orbit phase such as lunar photography, research and study for future landing sites for subsequent Apollo missions, deploy lunar satellite in some cases, as well as being responsible for relaying messages from mission control if radio contact with the LM was lost or weak, and also responsible for performing an orbital rescue with the LM if it were to malfunction and not be able to perform as needed to rendezvous with CSM as planned for in normal cases, but this never was needed. However, the CM pilot was responsible for docking the two ships together when the LM returned to orbit after being on the surface. On later J-series missions, the CM pilot would conduct an EVA on the return voyage to collect film canisters in the SIM bay.
4123:
2909:
3328:
2921:
154:
Responsible for knowing the CSM and their systems fully. Serve as flight engineer during launch phase while commander would be in full control of the vehicle. Perform navigation and mid-course correction procedures during trans-lunar and trans-Earth phases of flight, command pilot of CSM during lunar
721:
Similarly to NASA, members of the China
National Space Administration (CNSA) hold one of two ranks. Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to be CNSA astronauts. The positions of Spacecraft Pilot, Flight Engineer, and Mission Payload Specialist were listed in the announcement for the
173:
also responsible for its systems during all phases of flight between Earth and Moon. The LMP would callout key information to the commander during the most critical descent and landing phases when all of the commander's attention would be focused out the window and on visually flying the LM to a
28:
hold a variety of ranks and positions. Each of these roles carries responsibilities that are essential to the operation of a spacecraft. A spacecraft's cockpit, filled with sophisticated equipment, requires skills differing from those used to manage the scientific equipment on board, and so on.
499:
Cosmonauts are professional space travellers from Russia. After initial training, cosmonauts are assigned as either a test-cosmonaut (космонавт-испытатель, kosmonavt-ispytatel') or a research-cosmonaut (космонавт-исследователь, kosmonavt-issledovatel'). A test-cosmonaut has a more difficult
174:
suitable landing spot on the surface. He would also control the navigation computer and other subsystems of the craft while the commander had hands on the controls to fly the ship down manually the last portion of the descent when manual control was taken over from the computer.
95:
missions were referred to simply as "Pilots". Mercury Pilots were required to have experience as a pilot of high-performance jet aircraft and to be no more than 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm) tall and weigh no more than 180 pounds (82 kg).
1639:
5952:
2264:
1621:
243:
All
Shuttle commanders had prior spaceflight experience. Required a degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, or mathematics. Must have had at least 1000 hours flying experience on a
53:. The pin is issued in two grades, silver and gold, with the silver pin awarded to candidates who have successfully completed astronaut training and the gold pin to astronauts who have flown in space.
2959:
1645:
1667:
1149:
288:
Mission
Specialist with additional responsibility for assisting the Commander and Pilot during ascent and landing, tracking information from CAPCOM and calling out milestones.
2086:
140:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, pilot in command of spacecraft during launch, trans-lunar coast, and Earth return coast. Also pilot in command of the
6072:
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1567:
1167:"Astronauts | Career | Education | Pilot | Commander | Mission Specialist | NASA | Space Shuttle | Flight – Page 2"
1099:"Astronauts | Career | Education | Pilot | Commander | Mission Specialist | NASA | Space Shuttle | Flight – Page 1"
4064:
3204:
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1900:
322:
Title also applied to representatives from partner nations such as Saudi Arabia and Mexico, who were given the opportunity to fly on the Space
Shuttle.
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506:
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1627:
701:
Term used for Soyuz passengers who are not part of the crew, and serves to distinguish tourists and other special travelers from the career
144:. The commander would make the actual descent and landing of LM on the lunar surface, as well as the lunar ascent back to the orbiting CSM.
2854:
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2184:
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preparation than a research-cosmonaut and can be the commander or the flight engineer of a spacecraft, while a research-cosmonaut cannot.
5511:
3959:
3235:
2437:
2411:
2367:
1310:
1264:
1004:
Term used for ISS visitors who are not part of the crew, and serves to distinguish tourists and other special travelers from the career
360:
6469:
2671:
1573:
299:
A Mission
Specialist with additional responsibility for the management of the science or other major payload elements of the mission.
5968:
5713:
3944:
2527:
2447:
2081:
1615:
1545:
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2076:
1783:
1766:
1521:
5944:
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5554:
5549:
4034:
3964:
2041:
313:
Technical experts who accompanied specific payloads such as commercial or scientific satellites with mission-specific duties.
5984:
5960:
5725:
3228:
2654:
2644:
2342:
1303:
1077:
123:
Serves as systems engineer, copilot, and would perform any other mission objectives such as EVA's during the Gemini program.
19:
3061:
6485:
5936:
2847:
1687:
260:
Assisted the
Commander in maneuvering the Shuttle. May have also been responsible for release and recovery of satellites.
56:
1212:
3455:
2510:
2379:
1633:
1603:
291:
The FE is always mission specialist 2 (MS-2) and sits in seat 4 on the
Shuttle flight deck for both launch and landing.
5477:
4100:
3515:
3102:
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2864:
2811:
2774:
2733:
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2332:
2312:
2227:
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1790:
1736:
1514:
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6219:
6100:
5707:
2666:
2607:
2482:
2394:
2124:
1990:
1052:
750:
342:
333:
263:
Same education and flight experience requirements as a
Commander, but does not need prior spaceflight experience.
6430:
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3827:
2874:
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2622:
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1746:
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249:
3996:
3479:
3134:
2817:
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2015:
1591:
3419:
3074:
1866:
1123:
6390:
6028:
3843:
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3126:
3000:
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1394:
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1143:
990:
687:
677:
389:
372:
2937:
976:
Primary responsibility for station's science experiments. A secondary position for an ISS Flight
Engineer.
6374:
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4054:
3577:
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3342:
3294:
3194:
2889:
2832:
2354:
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2020:
1975:
1731:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
819:
240:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, managed ascent, maneuvered
Shuttle during entry.
6003:
5701:
5500:
4080:
3352:
2837:
2827:
2769:
2639:
2634:
2475:
2140:
2102:
2071:
1980:
1879:
1861:
1761:
1020:
861:
605:
230:
5862:
3317:
3251:
2968:
2467:
1970:
1855:
1773:
1741:
1677:
1672:
1333:
1328:
643:
43:
2232:
503:
Higher ranks include pilot-cosmonaut, test-cosmonaut instructor, and research-cosmonaut instructor.
6545:
6504:
4090:
4027:
3607:
3583:
3309:
3304:
3282:
2754:
2720:
2251:
1821:
1609:
1290:
1166:
1130:(Interview). Interviewed by Johnson, Sandra; Wright, Rebecca; Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer. Houston, Texas
1055:. Following STS-2, NASA required all space shuttle commanders to have prior spaceflight experience.
1048:
667:
166:
141:
6461:
6314:
6068:
4772:
4085:
3972:
3905:
3714:
3560:
3489:
3170:
2551:
2129:
2036:
2010:
1950:
1934:
1910:
1295:
1267:[What is a payload specialist? What does a payload specialist do on the space station?].
897:
Non-professional astronaut position responsible for scientific experiments and space exploration
433:
307:
268:
4095:
46:
hold one of two ranks. Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to be NASA astronauts.
4122:
429:
Manages rendezvous, docking, and undocking with the ISS, and quiescent operations while docked
4401:
4395:
4370:
4281:
4275:
4107:
3937:
3932:
3922:
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3384:
3362:
3146:
3110:
3039:
3018:
2515:
2399:
2359:
2319:
2239:
2199:
2066:
2056:
1804:
1285:
1098:
664:
One or two flight engineers per mission. Assist Commander and perform mission-specific duties
562:
4654:
3406:
2924:
1851:
187:
5719:
4493:
4155:
3954:
3822:
3696:
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3138:
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2748:
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2000:
1579:
1558:
575:
554:
534:
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4043:
3530:
3431:
3158:
3154:
3142:
2987:
2727:
2697:
2160:
2134:
2061:
1985:
1960:
1955:
1915:
1831:
1585:
1187:
998:
630:
441:
92:
81:
50:
5797:
6322:
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4020:
3980:
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3619:
3589:
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3389:
3166:
3122:
2884:
2764:
2521:
2207:
2005:
1995:
1841:
1836:
1694:
1119:
878:
PLACC Taikonauts whose main responsibility is the System of both Shenzhou and Tiangong
130:
103:
3701:
509:
is a title that is presented to all cosmonauts who fly for the Russian space program.
49:
Upon graduation from training, candidates are promoted to Astronaut and receive their
6534:
5675:
5670:
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5628:
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5613:
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5603:
5229:
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1920:
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979:
963:
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620:
590:
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5598:
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5115:
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5105:
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5065:
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5055:
4412:
4386:
4361:
4255:
3613:
3601:
3447:
3299:
3220:
3098:
2759:
2326:
840:
798:
547:
245:
170:
5892:
5882:
5853:
5837:
5813:
5789:
5772:
5764:
451:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, manages ascent and entry.
399:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, manages ascent and entry.
365:
Technical experts who accompanied military payloads with mission-specific duties.
91:
Overall mission success. As a single-seat spacecraft, the astronauts who flew the
380:
This term serves to distinguish tourists and other special travelers from career
6414:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
5435:
5425:
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5376:
5367:
5358:
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5323:
5314:
5309:
5304:
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5288:
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5268:
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5258:
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5248:
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5015:
5010:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
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4951:
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4711:
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1721:
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881:
865:
693:
6477:
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6292:
6284:
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6236:
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6163:
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6127:
6122:
6117:
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4851:
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4691:
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4376:
4326:
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4298:
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4269:
4264:
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4185:
4164:
4149:
3853:
3815:
3810:
3287:
2452:
2154:
2147:
1662:
1216:
844:
823:
802:
767:
763:
5912:
5902:
5872:
5829:
5780:
5540:
5125:
5001:
4767:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4722:
3858:
3848:
3805:
3800:
3795:
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3740:
3724:
3266:
3255:
2972:
2869:
2842:
2690:
2602:
2462:
2431:
2424:
2221:
2119:
1873:
1040:
1005:
702:
381:
25:
6382:
5680:
5239:
4813:
4661:
4648:
4643:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
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4565:
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4529:
4524:
4518:
4513:
4504:
4499:
4488:
4482:
4477:
4467:
4457:
4427:
4421:
3873:
3868:
3763:
3719:
3670:
985:
Position established in 2002 by NASA to reinforce science aspect of ISS.
651:
647:
5469:
1051:
into space (by air force standards) and had participated in the Shuttle
6422:
5993:
4702:
4350:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4200:
4169:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3706:
3676:
3640:
2384:
2374:
2277:
1716:
252:. Must pass a NASA Class I space physical to be certified for flight.
6398:
6357:
6060:
6052:
6036:
5821:
4343:
4337:
4332:
4309:
4304:
4287:
3628:
3595:
3499:
3150:
3106:
2418:
2349:
1846:
1711:
353:
A Mission Specialist with additional duties assigned by home agency.
279:
Must pass a NASA Class II space physical to be certified for flight.
195:
4012:
3927:
3394:
3049:
2442:
2215:
2179:
2174:
1965:
1044:
6020:
1537:
5743:
5473:
4016:
3224:
2941:
1510:
1299:
338:
A Mission Specialist with additional education-related duties.
277:
Career astronaut, could be employed by a partner space agency.
3471:
3414:
3118:
3069:
941:
1047:
without prior NASA spaceflight experience, but had flown the
419:
A NASA or affiliated astronaut with mission-specific duties.
966:, first Canadian astronaut to be part of an ISS expedition
557:
missions were referred to simply as "Pilot Cosmonauts".
553:
As a single-seat spacecraft, the cosmonaut who flew the
1506:
725:
Upon graduation, candidates are promoted to Astronaut.
640:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
572:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
325:
Position discontinued after the 2003 Columbia disaster.
205:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
113:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft
490:
Roscosmos and Soviet space program ranks and positions
1239:"18 picked for nation's 3rd generation of astronauts"
858:
PLACC Taikonauts who control the Shenzhou Spacecraft
1078:"Space Shuttle Columbia: A New Beginning and Vision"
760:
Overall mission success, safety of crew and vehicle
481:
Astronaut with engineering/mission-specific duties.
6497:
6442:
6367:
6350:
6304:
6229:
6146:
6110:
6099:
6013:
5925:
5757:
5750:
5694:
5579:
5539:
5410:
5389:
5238:
5124:
5000:
4812:
4701:
4670:
4623:
4437:
4411:
4385:
4360:
4248:
4139:
4130:
4073:
3898:
3882:
3836:
3782:
3733:
3689:
3570:
3559:
3539:
3508:
3440:
3372:
3361:
3335:
3275:
3187:
3088:
3027:
3011:
2980:
2803:
2680:
2595:
2540:
2503:
2302:
2112:
2099:
2029:
1943:
1933:
1888:
1814:
1803:
1655:
1554:
1544:
1473:
1342:
5517:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
3950:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
1148:: CS1 maint: multiple names: interviewers list (
461:Assist the Commander in maneuvering the capsule.
409:Assist the Commander in maneuvering the capsule.
302:Payload Commanders were always NASA astronauts.
1206:
1204:
1128:NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project
5485:
4028:
3236:
2953:
1522:
1491:List of United States Marine Corps astronauts
1311:
712:China National Space Administration positions
248:, and at least 750 simulated landings in the
8:
1496:List of United States Space Force astronauts
1188:"NASA – Space Shuttle Columbia and Her Crew"
940:Overall mission success, safety of crew and
1161:
1159:
6107:
5754:
5740:
5536:
5512:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
5492:
5478:
5470:
4136:
4065:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
4035:
4021:
4013:
3567:
3369:
3243:
3229:
3221:
3205:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
2960:
2946:
2938:
2109:
1940:
1901:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
1811:
1551:
1529:
1515:
1507:
1318:
1304:
1296:
1258:
1256:
1093:
1091:
670:, the first female to perform a spacewalk
593:, the first person to perform a spacewalk
578:, commanded the first multi-person flight
66:
4060:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
3916:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
3200:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
2795:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
507:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
6454:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
5527:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
919:
732:
516:
471:Astronaut with mission-specific duties.
341:Position created in 2004 as part of the
5458:The † sign designates failed missions.
2880:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
1481:List of astronauts by year of selection
1286:Shuttle Commander and Pilot definitions
1068:
1033:
1668:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
1141:
2975:government human spaceflight programs
2458:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
1213:"RuSpace – Suzy's Russian space site"
1043:was the only exception as he flew on
916:International Space Station positions
837:Intravehicular Specialist of the Eva
7:
6521:. Failed missions marked with † sign
5456:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
5448:Uncrewed missions are designated as
2920:
1076:Gebhardt, Chris (February 1, 2011).
3960:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
1291:Shuttle PLC, MS, and PS definitions
1023:– the phases of astronaut selection
432:Position only used once during the
6358:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
3398:(incorporated into Salyut program)
3053:(incorporated into Salyut program)
1574:National Aeronautics and Space Act
14:
2528:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
2082:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
960:Overall mission success, science
834:Descent module monitor astronaut
795:Overall mission success, science
350:International Mission Specialist
169:during descent and ascent of the
4121:
4002:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
3326:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2823:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
2581:Space Flight Operations Facility
1767:Operations and Checkout Building
1215:. Suzymchale.com. Archived from
696:, first fee-paying space tourist
361:USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer
319:Typically not career astronauts.
3965:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
2042:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
1263:Zhiying, Lin (3 October 2022).
186:Position only used once during
6551:Awards and decorations of NASA
5462:designates cancelled missions.
847:(first three-person Shenzhou)
826:(first three-person Shenzhou)
608:, the first engineer in space
20:United States Space Force rank
1:
6230:Space laboratories and cargos
4113:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3911:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3210:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
1486:Astronaut ranks and positions
1001:, first female space tourist
57:Chief of the Astronaut Office
5728:(interplanetary exploration)
3456:Soviet crewed lunar programs
2860:Space program on U.S. stamps
2785:Gemini and Apollo medallions
2735:Solar System Family Portrait
2511:Joint Polar Satellite System
2380:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
1634:Vision for Space Exploration
1604:Space Exploration Initiative
805:(first two-person Shenzhou)
792:Flight Engineer (操作手/飞行工程师)
623:, the first doctor in space
3516:International Space Station
2855:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
2812:We choose to go to the Moon
2775:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
2333:International Space Station
2313:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
2052:Great Observatories program
1896:International Space Station
1874:Roscosmos State Corporation
1791:Science Mission Directorate
1737:Manned Space Flight Network
1169:. Kidzworld.com. 2008-10-07
646:, commander of missions to
426:Joint Operations Commander
334:Educator Mission Specialist
59:is a position, not a rank.
6569:
6517:Future missions marked in
6220:List of Chinese astronauts
2672:NASA cameras on spacecraft
2483:James Webb Space Telescope
2395:Solar Dynamics Observatory
1616:U.S. National Space Policy
1053:Approach and Landing Tests
894:Payload Specialist (载荷专家)
690:, first Malaysian in space
343:Educator Astronaut Project
17:
6513:
5739:
5535:
5522:China Manned Space Agency
5507:
5446:
4119:
4050:
3991:
3324:
3262:
2903:
1747:Vehicle Assembly Building
950:, first female commander
813:Orbital Module Astronaut
749:
629:
561:
550:, the first man in space
533:
440:
388:
250:Shuttle Training Aircraft
229:
194:
129:
102:
80:
3997:Space industry of Russia
2818:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2742:The Day the Earth Smiled
2077:Solar Terrestrial Probes
982:, first science officer
770:(first crewed Shenzhou)
544:Overall mission success
296:Payload Commander (PLC)
33:NASA ranks and positions
18:Not to be confused with
3524:Russian Orbital Segment
3127:Martian Piloted Complex
3001:Russian Orbital Segment
2875:Other primates in space
2587:Deep Space Atomic Clock
2407:Mars Science Laboratory
2195:Spitzer Space Telescope
1784:Lunar Sample Laboratory
1727:Launch Services Program
1082:www.nasaspaceflight.com
991:Spaceflight Participant
688:Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor
678:Spaceflight Participant
390:Commercial Crew Program
384:and technical experts.
373:Spaceflight Participant
6306:Tiangong space station
4055:List of Soyuz missions
3195:List of Soyuz missions
2890:National Astronaut Day
2833:The Astronaut Monument
2655:Space Shuttle missions
2355:Mars Exploration Rover
2338:Hubble Space Telescope
2247:Kepler space telescope
2047:Earth Observing System
2021:Mars Exploration Rover
1732:Mercury Control Center
1190:. Nasa.gov. 2006-03-05
820:Liu Boming (astronaut)
6004:Space Solar Telescope
5745:Projects and missions
5501:Chinese space program
4081:Soyuz (rocket family)
3256:Russian space program
2838:Lunar sample displays
2828:Space Mirror Memorial
2770:Voyager Golden Record
2662:United States rockets
1854: (with the
1762:Launch Control Center
1329:NASA Astronaut Groups
1265:"何謂載荷專家 在太空站要從事什麼工作？"
1021:NASA Astronaut Groups
862:Chen Dong (astronaut)
606:Konstantin Feoktistov
285:Flight Engineer (FE)
181:Docking Module Pilot
151:Command Module Pilot
6111:Uncrewed expeditions
5695:Exploration programs
4256:Zond lunar programme
4133:(by spacecraft type)
3318:Vostochny Cosmodrome
1856:Soviet space program
1774:Johnson Space Center
1742:Kennedy Space Center
1705:spinoff technologies
1334:NASA Astronaut Corps
644:Vladimir Dzhanibekov
600:Scientist Cosmonaut
44:NASA Astronaut Corps
6505:Lanyue Lunar Lander
5716:(lunar exploration)
5710:(human spaceflight)
4091:Baikonur Cosmodrome
3938:Veterok and Ugolyok
3310:Svobodny Cosmodrome
3305:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
3283:Baikonur Cosmodrome
2865:Apollo 17 Moon mice
2721:Pillars of Creation
2628:Space Shuttle crews
2106:(human and robotic)
2100:Individual featured
1683:Ranks and positions
1124:"Charles F. Bolden"
722:Group 3 selection.
682:No official duties
668:Svetlana Savitskaya
478:Payload Specialist
468:Mission Specialist
416:Mission Specialist
167:Apollo Lunar Module
165:Flight engineer of
162:Lunar Module Pilot
142:Apollo Lunar Module
6368:Telecommunications
6147:Crewed expeditions
5363:(uncrewed landing)
4570:(uncrewed landing)
4086:Soyuz (spacecraft)
3984:(1997 documentary)
3976:(1995 documentary)
3973:Out of the Present
3906:List of cosmonauts
3883:Images and artwork
3828:Deep Space Network
3475:(Mars/Venus flyby)
2667:NASA cancellations
2562:Deep Space Network
2552:Near Earth Network
2037:Living With a Star
2011:Project Prometheus
1991:Planetary Observer
1120:Bolden, Charles F.
995:No formal duties.
377:Mission-specific.
308:Payload Specialist
274:Mission-specific.
269:Mission Specialist
6541:Outer space lists
6528:
6527:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6095:
6094:
6014:Earth observation
5758:Planetary science
5735:
5734:
5543:and landing sites
5467:
5466:
5385:
5384:
5372:(uncrewed launch)
4585:(uncrewed launch)
4396:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
4371:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
4108:Soyuz abort modes
4010:
4009:
3933:Belka and Strelka
3923:Soviet space dogs
3790:Sputnik programme
3778:
3777:
3711:
3666:
3645:
3624:
3555:
3554:
3520:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3424:
3411:
3399:
3363:Human spaceflight
3314:
3291:
3218:
3217:
3079:
3066:
3054:
2997:
2935:
2934:
2848:stolen or missing
2645:uncrewed missions
2623:Apollo astronauts
2618:Gemini astronauts
2536:
2535:
2320:2001 Mars Odyssey
2095:
2094:
1971:Mars Surveyor '98
1929:
1928:
1872: (with
1805:Human spaceflight
1799:
1798:
1757:Launch Complex 48
1752:Launch Complex 39
1504:
1503:
1012:
1011:
913:
912:
875:Systems Operator
778:Spacecraft Pilot
709:
708:
615:Doctor Cosmonaut
487:
486:
6558:
6490:
6482:
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5755:
5741:
5667:(In development)
5661:(In development)
5537:
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5480:
5471:
5390:Current missions
5373:
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5320:
4828:
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4156:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
4137:
4125:
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4014:
3955:Cosmonauts Alley
3823:Luch (satellite)
3709:
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3176:Space Stations:
3116:Interplanetary:
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2948:
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2911:
2910:
2749:Fallen Astronaut
2390:Van Allen Probes
2110:
2016:Mars Exploration
1941:
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1580:Space Task Group
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1073:
1056:
1038:
973:Science Officer
957:Flight Engineer
920:
816:Eva Crew Member
757:Commander (指挥长)
733:
661:Flight Engineer
576:Vladimir Komarov
541:Pilot Cosmonaut
517:
237:Commander (CDR)
67:
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6383:Chinasat Series
6377:
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5808:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5775:
5767:
5746:
5731:
5722:(space station)
5690:
5581:Launch vehicles
5575:
5570:Siziwang Banner
5531:
5503:
5498:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5442:
5411:Future missions
5406:
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4126:
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4069:
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4044:Soyuz programme
4041:
4011:
4006:
3987:
3894:
3890:Mission patches
3878:
3832:
3774:
3729:
3685:
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3504:
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3365:
3357:
3336:Launch vehicles
3331:
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3258:
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3159:Tupolev Tu-2000
3084:
3023:
3007:
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2936:
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2899:
2799:
2790:Mission patches
2765:Pioneer plaques
2728:Mystic Mountain
2705:Family Portrait
2698:The Blue Marble
2682:
2676:
2650:Apollo missions
2591:
2543:
2532:
2499:
2304:
2298:
2135:Mercury-Atlas 6
2105:
2101:
2091:
2025:
1961:Mariner Mark II
1925:
1906:Commercial Crew
1884:
1807:
1795:
1779:Mission Control
1678:Astronaut Corps
1673:Chief Scientist
1651:
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1104:
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1101:. Kidzworld.com
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999:Anousheh Ansari
918:
731:
719:
714:
654:space stations
515:
497:
492:
442:Artemis program
328:
73:Typical duties
65:
42:Members of the
40:
35:
23:
12:
11:
5:
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6507:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6489:(2016–present)
6483:
6481:(1971–present)
6478:Shijian Series
6475:
6473:(2016–present)
6467:
6459:
6450:
6448:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6434:(2024–present)
6428:
6426:(2024–present)
6420:
6418:(2019–present)
6412:
6410:(2008–present)
6404:
6402:(2024–present)
6399:Tiandu 1 and 2
6396:
6394:(2018–present)
6388:
6386:(1994–present)
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6378:(1994–present)
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6089:
6079:
6077:(1999–present)
6066:
6064:(2006–present)
6058:
6056:(2016–present)
6050:
6048:(2002–present)
6045:Haiyang Series
6042:
6040:(2013–present)
6034:
6026:
6024:(2018–present)
6017:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5990:
5982:
5977:Einstein Probe
5974:
5972:(2022–present)
5966:
5964:(2021–present)
5958:
5956:(2020–present)
5950:
5948:(2017–present)
5942:
5940:(2015–present)
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5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
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5849:(2021–present)
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5841:(2020–present)
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5833:(2020–present)
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5825:(2018–present)
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5817:(2018–present)
5811:
5803:
5801:(2014–present)
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5793:(2013–present)
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5776:(2010–present)
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5574:
5573:
5572:(landing site)
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5242:(2016–present)
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3734:In development
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3683:
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3653:
3650:Resurs-DK No.1
3647:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:Phobos program
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3590:Luna programme
3587:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3540:In development
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3459:(Moon landing)
3453:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3161:
3129:
3113:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3067:
3059:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3012:In development
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2885:Astronauts Day
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2544:and navigation
2542:Communications
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2522:Europa Clipper
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:New Millennium
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1280:External links
1278:
1275:
1274:
1252:
1229:
1211:McHale, Suzy.
1200:
1179:
1155:
1144:cite interview
1122:(2004-01-06).
1111:
1087:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
986:
983:
977:
974:
970:
969:
967:
961:
958:
954:
953:
951:
945:
938:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
917:
914:
911:
910:
907:
898:
895:
891:
890:
888:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
838:
835:
831:
830:
827:
817:
814:
810:
809:
806:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
761:
758:
754:
753:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
730:
727:
718:
715:
713:
710:
707:
706:
699:
698:
697:
691:
683:
680:
674:
673:
671:
665:
662:
658:
657:
655:
641:
638:
634:
633:
627:
626:
624:
618:
616:
612:
611:
609:
603:
601:
597:
596:
594:
588:
586:
582:
581:
579:
573:
570:
566:
565:
559:
558:
551:
545:
542:
538:
537:
531:
530:
527:
524:
521:
514:
511:
496:
493:
491:
488:
485:
484:
482:
479:
475:
474:
472:
469:
465:
464:
462:
459:
455:
454:
452:
449:
445:
444:
438:
437:
430:
427:
423:
422:
420:
417:
413:
412:
410:
407:
403:
402:
400:
397:
393:
392:
386:
385:
378:
375:
369:
368:
366:
363:
357:
356:
354:
351:
347:
346:
339:
336:
330:
329:
327:
326:
323:
320:
316:
314:
311:
304:
303:
300:
297:
293:
292:
289:
286:
282:
281:
275:
272:
265:
264:
261:
258:
254:
253:
241:
238:
234:
233:
227:
226:
224:
222:
221:Science Pilot
218:
217:
215:
213:
209:
208:
206:
203:
199:
198:
192:
191:
190:joint mission
184:
182:
178:
177:
175:
163:
159:
158:
156:
152:
148:
147:
145:
138:
134:
133:
127:
126:
124:
121:
117:
116:
114:
111:
110:Command Pilot
107:
106:
100:
99:
97:
89:
85:
84:
78:
77:
74:
71:
64:
61:
39:
36:
34:
31:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6564:
6563:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6487:
6484:
6479:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6463:
6460:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6446:demonstrators
6441:
6432:
6429:
6424:
6421:
6416:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6400:
6397:
6392:
6389:
6384:
6381:
6376:
6375:Apstar Series
6373:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6332:
6329:
6324:
6321:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6294:
6291:
6286:
6283:
6278:
6275:
6270:
6267:
6262:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6246:
6243:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6098:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6069:Ziyuan Series
6067:
6062:
6061:Yaogan Series
6059:
6054:
6051:
6046:
6043:
6038:
6037:Gaofen Series
6035:
6030:
6027:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5970:
5967:
5962:
5959:
5954:
5951:
5946:
5943:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5927:Astronomy and
5924:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5855:
5852:
5847:
5846:Zhurong rover
5844:
5839:
5836:
5831:
5828:
5823:
5820:
5815:
5812:
5807:
5804:
5799:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5774:
5771:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5742:
5738:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:Long March 12
5674:
5672:
5671:Long March 11
5669:
5666:
5665:Long March 10
5663:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Long March 4C
5632:
5630:
5629:Long March 4B
5627:
5625:
5624:Long March 4A
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Long March 3C
5612:
5610:
5609:Long March 3B
5607:
5605:
5604:Long March 3A
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5461:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5378:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:Soyuz TMA-01M
5133:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4131:Past missions
4129:
4124:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3994:
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3990:
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3966:
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3865:
3862:
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3857:
3855:
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3847:
3845:
3844:Baikal-Angara
3842:
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3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
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3799:
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3792:(begun 1957)
3791:
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3656:Koronas-Foton
3654:
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3639:
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3627:
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3208:
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3177:
3174:
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3168:
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3148:
3144:
3140:
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3132:Spaceplanes:
3130:
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3124:
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3112:
3108:
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3017:
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2999:
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2896:
2895:Nikon NASA F4
2893:
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2809:
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2796:
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2783:
2781:
2780:NASA insignia
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
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2763:
2761:
2760:Lunar plaques
2758:
2756:
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2737:
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2732:
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2712:Pale Blue Dot
2709:
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2700:
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2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:NASA missions
2638:
2636:
2635:NASA aircraft
2633:
2629:
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2624:
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2616:
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2569:
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2563:
2560:
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2557:Space Network
2555:
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2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Space Shuttle
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
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2159:
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2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:New Frontiers
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:Lunar Orbiter
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1921:Lunar Gateway
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1880:Constellation
1878:
1875:
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1865:
1863:
1862:Space Shuttle
1860:
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1701:
1700:NASA research
1698:
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1309:
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1301:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1271:(in Chinese).
1270:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1241:. China Daily
1240:
1233:
1230:
1219:on 2020-07-26
1218:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
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1100:
1094:
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1069:
1062:
1054:
1050:
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1037:
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1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
984:
981:
980:Peggy Whitson
978:
975:
972:
971:
968:
965:
964:Robert Thirsk
962:
959:
956:
955:
952:
949:
948:Peggy Whitson
946:
943:
939:
936:
935:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:
915:
908:
906:
903:(astronaut),
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
887:
884:(astronaut),
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:
828:
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821:
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815:
812:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
783:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
752:
748:
744:
741:
738:
735:
734:
728:
726:
723:
716:
711:
704:
700:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
656:
653:
649:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
632:
628:
625:
622:
621:Boris Yegorov
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
595:
592:
591:Alexei Leonov
589:
587:
585:Second Pilot
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
539:
536:
532:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
512:
510:
508:
504:
501:
494:
489:
483:
480:
477:
476:
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470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:
453:
450:
447:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
411:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
344:
340:
337:
335:
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331:
324:
321:
318:
317:
315:
312:
309:
306:
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301:
298:
295:
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290:
287:
284:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
262:
259:
256:
255:
251:
247:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:Space Shuttle
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
183:
180:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
87:
86:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
68:
62:
60:
58:
54:
52:
51:Astronaut Pin
47:
45:
37:
32:
30:
27:
21:
16:
6518:
6081:
6002:
5992:
5911:
5901:
5891:
5881:
5871:
5861:
5822:Yutu-2 rover
5798:Chang'e 5-T1
5659:Long March 9
5654:Long March 8
5649:Long March 7
5644:Long March 6
5639:Long March 5
5619:Long March 4
5599:Long March 3
5594:Long March 2
5589:Long March 1
5459:
5453:
5449:
4655:Apollo–Soyuz
4413:Soyuz 7K-OKS
4387:Soyuz 7K-LOK
4362:Soyuz 7K-L1E
4349:
4342:
4112:
3979:
3971:
3910:
3762:
3614:Vega program
3602:Zond program
3451:(Moon flyby)
3448:Zond (7K-L1)
3407:Soyuz-Apollo
3300:Kapustin Yar
3276:Launch sites
3209:
3175:
3163:
3131:
3115:
3099:Zond (7K-L1)
3095:
3062:Apollo–Soyuz
2925:
2913:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2520:
2469:Perseverance
2468:
2430:
2423:
2400:
2360:
2343:
2327:New Horizons
2325:
2318:
2311:
2284:
2276:
2252:
2240:
2233:
2220:
2208:
2200:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2139:
1868:
1852:Apollo–Soyuz
1682:
1485:
1268:
1243:. Retrieved
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1192:. Retrieved
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1132:. Retrieved
1127:
1114:
1103:. Retrieved
1081:
1071:
1036:
841:Jing Haipeng
799:Nie Haisheng
724:
720:
548:Yuri Gagarin
505:
502:
498:
278:
257:Pilot (PLT)
246:jet aircraft
188:Apollo–Soyuz
55:
48:
41:
24:
15:
6465:(1969–2006)
6462:FSW Program
6415:Tianlian II
6248:(2016–2019)
6240:(2011–2018)
6214:Shenzhou 18
6209:Shenzhou 17
6204:Shenzhou 16
6199:Shenzhou 15
6194:Shenzhou 14
6189:Shenzhou 13
6184:Shenzhou 12
6179:Shenzhou 11
6174:Shenzhou 10
6103:spaceflight
6029:Double Star
5809:(2013–2016)
5704:(cancelled)
5452:instead of
5249:Soyuz MS-01
5128:(2010–2016)
5126:Soyuz-TMA-M
5011:Soyuz TMA-1
5004:(2002–2012)
4816:(1986–2002)
4712:Kosmos 1001
4705:(1978–1986)
4674:(1974–1976)
4627:(1974–1976)
4625:Soyuz 7K-TM
4441:(1972–1981)
4389:(1971–1972)
4364:(1969–1970)
4252:(1967–1970)
4250:Soyuz 7K-L1
4143:(1966–1970)
4141:Soyuz 7K-OK
4074:Main topics
3673:(2011–2019)
3662:Fobos-Grunt
3652:(2006-2016)
3637:(1990-1992)
3631:(1989-1998)
3625:(1988-1989)
3616:(1984-1987)
3610:(1983-1991)
3604:(1964–1970)
3598:(1961–1985)
3592:(1958–1976)
3586:(1972–1996)
3580:(1961–1982)
3420:Shuttle–Mir
3295:Dombarovsky
3075:Shuttle-Mir
2755:Deep fields
2683:and artwork
2681:NASA images
2253:Opportunity
1722:NASA Social
1548:and history
1237:Lei, Zhao.
905:Shenzhou 16
901:Gui Haichao
886:Shenzhou 12
882:Tang Hongbo
866:Shenzhou 11
694:Dennis Tito
6546:Astronauts
6535:Categories
6444:Technology
6407:Tianlian I
6351:Navigation
6293:Tianzhou 6
6285:Tianzhou 5
6277:Tianzhou 4
6269:Tianzhou 3
6261:Tianzhou 2
6253:Tianzhou 1
6245:Tiangong 2
6237:Tiangong 1
6169:Shenzhou 9
6164:Shenzhou 7
6159:Shenzhou 6
6154:Shenzhou 5
6138:Shenzhou 8
6133:Shenzhou 4
6128:Shenzhou 3
6123:Shenzhou 2
6118:Shenzhou 1
5806:Yutu rover
5541:Spaceports
5319:(uncrewed)
4827:(uncrewed)
4823:Soyuz TM-1
4727:(uncrewed)
4681:Kosmos 670
4672:Soyuz 7K-S
4634:Kosmos 638
4509:(uncrewed)
4473:Kosmos 656
4463:Kosmos 613
4448:Kosmos 496
4439:Soyuz 7K-T
4377:Kosmos 382
4276:Zond 1967A
4265:Kosmos 146
4205:(uncrewed)
4176:Kosmos 186
4165:Kosmos 140
4160:(uncrewed)
4150:Kosmos 133
3995:See also:
3854:Mars-Grunt
3816:Sputnik 99
3811:Sputnik 41
3467:(moonbase)
3288:Kazakhstan
3164:Capsules:
2843:Moon rocks
2603:Astronauts
2596:NASA lists
2453:OSIRIS-REx
2287:helicopter
2155:Pioneer 11
2148:Pioneer 10
1951:Hitchhiker
1826:suborbital
1663:Space Race
1223:2012-06-09
1194:2012-06-09
1173:2012-06-09
1105:2012-06-09
1063:References
1006:astronauts
937:Commander
845:Shenzhou 7
824:Shenzhou 7
803:Shenzhou 6
768:Shenzhou 5
764:Yang Liwei
703:astronauts
637:Commander
569:Commander
448:Commander
396:Commander
382:astronauts
202:Commander
137:Commander
26:Astronauts
6431:Queqiao 2
6032:(2003–07)
5929:cosmology
5913:Tianwen-3
5903:Tianwen-4
5893:Chang'e 8
5883:Chang'e 7
5873:Tianwen-2
5854:Chang'e 6
5838:Chang'e 5
5830:Tianwen-1
5814:Chang'e 4
5790:Chang'e 3
5781:Yinghuo 1
5773:Chang'e 2
5768:(2007–09)
5765:Chang'e 1
5686:Kaituozhe
5002:Soyuz-TMA
4723:Soyuz T-1
4101:Site 31/6
3859:Mercury-P
3849:Laplace-P
3806:Sputnik 3
3801:Sputnik 2
3796:Sputnik 1
3770:Spektr-UV
3741:Luna-Glob
3725:Spektr-RG
3702:Elektro–L
3441:Cancelled
3313:(defunct)
3267:Roscosmos
3089:Cancelled
2870:Moon tree
2691:Earthrise
2566:Goldstone
2463:Mars 2020
2432:Voyager 2
2425:Voyager 1
2361:Curiosity
2305:operating
2303:Currently
2285:Ingenuity
2222:MESSENGER
2201:Sojourner
2130:Mercury 3
2120:Apollo 11
2067:Discovery
2057:Explorers
1646:Augustine
1610:Augustine
1245:9 October
1134:6 January
1041:Joe Engle
932:Comments
929:Examples
923:Position
855:Operator
745:Comments
742:Examples
736:Position
729:Positions
529:Comments
526:Examples
520:Position
513:Positions
436:mission.
76:Comments
70:Position
63:Positions
6331:Mengtian
5720:Tiangong
5702:Shuguang
5681:Kuaizhou
5560:Wenchang
5240:Soyuz MS
4814:Soyuz-TM
4644:Soyuz 16
4478:Soyuz 14
4468:Soyuz 13
4458:Soyuz 12
4422:Soyuz 10
4321:Zond-M 1
4096:Site 1/5
3874:Venera-D
3869:Spektr-M
3837:Concepts
3764:Kazachok
3720:Resurs-P
3715:Meteor-M
3680:(failed)
3671:Spektr-R
3665:(failed)
3644:(failed)
3623:(failed)
3564:programs
3366:programs
3078:(joint)
3065:(joint)
2996:(joint)
2914:Category
2576:Canberra
2488:timeline
2476:timeline
2412:timeline
2368:timeline
2265:observed
2260:timeline
2228:Aquarius
2168:timeline
2141:Magellan
2103:missions
2001:Surveyor
1937:programs
1867:Shuttle–
1808:programs
1640:Aldridge
1559:creation
1015:See also
751:Shenzhou
652:Salyut 7
648:Salyut 6
6519:italics
6498:Related
6486:XPNAV 1
6423:Qianfan
6391:Queqiao
6323:Wentian
6308:modules
5994:Xuntian
5863:Shensuo
5751:Science
5726:Tianwen
5714:Chang'e
5565:Xichang
5555:Taiyuan
5550:Jiuquan
5460:Italics
5230:TMA-20M
5225:TMA-19M
5220:TMA-18M
5215:TMA-17M
5210:TMA-16M
5205:TMA-15M
5200:TMA-14M
5195:TMA-13M
5190:TMA-12M
5185:TMA-11M
5180:TMA-10M
5175:TMA-09M
5170:TMA-08M
5165:TMA-07M
5160:TMA-06M
5155:TMA-05M
5150:TMA-04M
5145:TMA-03M
5140:TMA-02M
4703:Soyuz-T
4201:Soyuz 2
4170:Soyuz 1
3899:Related
3756:Luna 28
3751:Luna 27
3746:Luna 26
3710:(joint)
3707:ExoMars
3677:Luna 25
3641:Mars 96
3584:Prognoz
3561:Robotic
3519:(joint)
3428:Energia
3423:(joint)
3410:(joint)
3385:Voskhod
3188:Related
3139:Energia
3040:Voskhod
2973:Russian
2926:Commons
2804:Related
2613:by year
2608:by name
2385:GOES 15
2375:GOES 14
2292:flights
2278:InSight
2234:Cassini
2162:Galileo
2087:SIMPLEx
2062:Voyager
2030:Current
1986:Pioneer
1956:Mariner
1935:Robotic
1916:Artemis
1889:Current
1832:Mercury
1824: (
1717:NASA TV
1656:General
1555:History
1474:Related
942:Station
926:Duties
739:Duties
563:Voskhod
523:Duties
93:Mercury
82:Mercury
6457:(2020)
6315:Tianhe
6296:(2023)
6288:(2022)
6280:(2022)
6272:(2021)
6264:(2021)
6256:(2017)
6087:(2025)
6053:TanSat
5998:(2026)
5988:(2024)
5980:(2023)
5917:(2030)
5907:(2029)
5897:(2028)
5887:(2026)
5877:(2025)
5867:(2024)
5857:(2024)
5785:(2011)
5450:Kosmos
5370:
5361:
5317:
5116:TMA-22
5111:TMA-21
5106:TMA-20
5101:TMA-19
5096:TMA-18
5091:TMA-17
5086:TMA-16
5081:TMA-15
5076:TMA-14
5071:TMA-13
5066:TMA-12
5061:TMA-11
5056:TMA-10
4825:
4725:
4651:
4583:
4568:
4507:
4415:(1971)
4333:Zond 7
4288:Zond 4
4203:
3697:Bion-M
3690:Active
3682:(2023)
3667:(2011)
3658:(2009)
3646:(1996)
3629:Granat
3608:Astron
3596:Venera
3509:Active
3500:Kliper
3485:Zvezda
3480:Spiral
3464:Zvezda
3390:Salyut
3380:Vostok
3348:Proton
3343:Angara
3252:Soviet
3167:Zvezda
3151:Kliper
3135:Spiral
3123:Aelita
3111:Zvezda
3107:LK-700
3096:Moon:
3045:Salyut
3035:Vostok
2981:Active
2969:Soviet
2571:Madrid
2504:Future
2419:NuSTAR
2350:THEMIS
2272:RHESSI
2209:Spirit
2006:Viking
1996:Ranger
1847:Skylab
1842:Apollo
1837:Gemini
1695:Budget
1648:(2009)
1642:(2004)
1636:(2004)
1630:(2003)
1624:(2002)
1622:CFUSAI
1618:(1996)
1612:(1990)
1606:(1989)
1600:(1987)
1594:(1986)
1592:Rogers
1588:(1986)
1582:(1958)
1576:(1958)
1570:(1915)
1546:Policy
1343:Groups
555:Vostok
535:Vostok
458:Pilot
434:Demo-2
406:Pilot
212:Pilot
196:Skylab
131:Apollo
120:Pilot
104:Gemini
88:Pilot
6470:QUESS
6360:(BDS)
6101:Human
6083:SMILE
6073:CBERS
5969:ASO-S
5961:CHASE
5953:GECAM
5937:DAMPE
5454:Soyuz
5436:MS-29
5432:2026
5426:MS-28
5421:MS-27
5417:2025
5402:MS-26
5397:MS-25
5377:MS-24
5368:MS-23
5359:MS-22
5354:MS-21
5349:MS-20
5344:MS-19
5339:MS-18
5334:MS-17
5329:MS-16
5324:MS-15
5315:MS-14
5310:MS-13
5305:MS-12
5300:MS-11
5294:MS-10
5289:MS-09
5284:MS-08
5279:MS-07
5274:MS-06
5269:MS-05
5264:MS-04
5259:MS-03
5254:MS-02
5051:TMA-9
5046:TMA-8
5041:TMA-7
5036:TMA-6
5031:TMA-5
5026:TMA-4
5021:TMA-3
5016:TMA-2
4992:TM-34
4987:TM-33
4982:TM-32
4977:TM-31
4972:TM-30
4967:TM-29
4962:TM-28
4957:TM-27
4952:TM-26
4947:TM-25
4942:TM-24
4937:TM-23
4932:TM-22
4927:TM-21
4922:TM-20
4917:TM-19
4912:TM-18
4907:TM-17
4902:TM-16
4897:TM-15
4892:TM-14
4887:TM-13
4882:TM-12
4877:TM-11
4872:TM-10
4773:T-10a
4315:1969A
4299:1968B
4293:1968A
4282:1967B
3928:Laika
3864:OPSEK
3635:Gamma
3531:Soyuz
3490:Zarya
3432:Buran
3395:Almaz
3353:Soyuz
3179:OPSEK
3171:Zarya
3143:Buran
3103:N1-L3
3050:Almaz
2988:Soyuz
2516:NISAR
2471:rover
2443:MAVEN
2363:rover
2344:Swift
2255:rover
2216:LADEE
2211:rover
2203:rover
2180:GRAIL
2175:GALEX
1966:MESUR
1911:Orion
1712:NASA+
1688:Chief
1586:Paine
1045:STS-2
1028:Notes
717:Ranks
631:Soyuz
495:Ranks
310:(PS)
271:(MS)
38:Ranks
6021:CSES
5985:SVOM
5945:HXMT
4867:TM-9
4862:TM-8
4857:TM-7
4852:TM-6
4847:TM-5
4842:TM-4
4837:TM-3
4832:TM-2
4804:T-15
4799:T-14
4794:T-13
4789:T-12
4784:T-11
4779:T-10
4718:1074
4402:No.2
3571:Past
3547:Orel
3495:MAKS
3373:Past
3286:(in
3254:and
3147:MAKS
3028:Past
3019:Orel
2971:and
2495:PACE
2438:WISE
2401:Juno
2241:Dawn
2185:WMAP
2125:COBE
2113:Past
1944:Past
1822:X-15
1815:Past
1628:CAIB
1598:Ride
1568:NACA
1538:NASA
1269:HK01
1247:2020
1150:link
1136:2014
1049:X-15
909:TBA
870:TBA
850:TBA
829:TBA
808:TBA
787:TBA
784:TBA
781:TBA
773:TBA
650:and
5708:CMS
4768:T-9
4762:T-8
4757:T-7
4752:T-6
4747:T-5
4742:T-4
4737:T-3
4732:T-2
4692:869
4686:772
4639:672
4494:18a
4453:573
4327:M 2
4270:154
4196:238
4191:213
4186:212
4181:188
3472:TMK
3415:Mir
3402:TKS
3155:LKS
3119:TMK
3070:Mir
3057:TKS
2993:ISS
2448:MMS
1869:Mir
6537::
6075:)
5783:†
4662:22
4649:19
4615:40
4610:39
4605:38
4600:37
4595:36
4590:35
4581:34
4575:33
4566:32
4561:31
4556:30
4551:29
4546:28
4541:27
4536:26
4530:25
4525:24
4519:23
4514:21
4505:20
4500:18
4489:17
4483:15
4428:11
4351:10
4158:†
3578:DS
3430:/
3400:/
3169:,
3157:,
3153:,
3149:,
3145:,
3141:/
3137:,
3125:,
3121:,
3109:,
3105:,
3101:,
3055:/
1465:24
1460:23
1455:22
1450:21
1445:20
1440:19
1435:18
1430:17
1425:16
1420:15
1415:14
1410:13
1405:12
1400:11
1395:10
1255:^
1203:^
1158:^
1146:}}
1142:{{
1126:.
1090:^
1080:.
1008:.
944:.
864:,
843:,
822:,
801:,
766:,
705:.
345:.
171:LM
6222:)
6218:(
6071:(
5493:e
5486:t
5479:v
5296:†
4775:†
4764:†
4714:†
4694:†
4688:†
4657:)
4653:(
4577:†
4532:†
4521:†
4496:†
4485:†
4430:†
4424:†
4404:†
4398:†
4373:†
4344:9
4338:8
4329:†
4323:†
4317:†
4310:6
4305:5
4301:†
4295:†
4284:†
4278:†
4272:†
4258:)
4254:(
4240:9
4235:8
4230:7
4225:6
4220:5
4215:4
4210:3
4172:†
4152:†
4036:e
4029:t
4022:v
3290:)
3244:e
3237:t
3230:v
2961:e
2954:t
2947:v
2814:"
2810:"
2583:)
2564:(
1876:)
1858:)
1828:)
1561:)
1557:(
1530:e
1523:t
1516:v
1390:9
1385:8
1380:7
1375:6
1370:5
1365:4
1360:3
1355:2
1350:1
1319:e
1312:t
1305:v
1249:.
1226:.
1197:.
1176:.
1152:)
1138:.
1108:.
1084:.
22:.
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