552:
38:
581:. The ground was placed at the observatory's disposal by the crown free of charge. The costs of the new buildings and the new instruments amounted to 1.5 million Goldmark and could be covered by selling the landed property of the Berlin Observatory. The old observatory built by Schinkel was pulled down later. In June 1911 the construction of a new observatory began in Babelsberg and on 2 August 1913 the removal from Berlin to Babelsberg was complete.
1065:
258:
913:(SDSS) will investigate in detail a quarter of the whole sky and determine the position and absolute brightness of more than 100 million sky objects. Besides that, the distances of more than a million galaxies and quasars will be estimated. With the help of this study, astronomers will be able to assess the distribution of large-scale structures in the Universe. This can provide hints about the story of the development of the Universe.
354:
1977:
978:
625:
373:. It enabled the acquisition of information on the physical parameters and chemical abundances of stars, by the spectral analysis of their light. Foerster recognized these possibilities and initiated the building of a solar observatory in 1871 as a memorial to the crown prince, in which he emphasized the importance and profit of solar research. This idea was soon extended to the whole of astrophysics.
499:
1085:
1893:
1929:
1965:
1953:
864:
1905:
380:, the Telegrafenberg, on which had been, from 1832 to 1848, a relay station of the military telegraph from Berlin to Koblenz. On 1 July 1874 the AOP was founded. Even before the construction of the observatory had started in the autumn of 1876, solar observations were being made from the tower of the former military orphanage in Linden Street in Potsdam by
324:
1941:
343:
248:, had been appointed. This happened in a hurry, because the profits from the national basic calendar, calculated and sold by the observatory, should have been the financial source for the academy. This kind of financing existed until the beginning of the 19th century, but the basic calendar was calculated until very recently (it stopped after the
1917:
1056:. It will enable the simultaneous observation of circularly and linearly polarized light with high spectral and temporal resolution. The spectrograph is situated in a temperature- and pressure-stabilized room within the telescope column. The light will be conducted by fiber optics from the telescope to the spectrograph.
1014:. This entails both the development and the fabrication of the optics and the mechanical and electronic components as well as the development of the software for the acquisition, guiding and wavefront sensing units (AGWs). The AGW units are essential components of the telescope and indispensable for the
943:
is an international mission led by the
European Space Agency (ESA), with participation from NASA. It was launched on 10 February 2020, and it will observe the Sun for at least seven years. The scientific payload consists of 10 instruments: four in-situ instruments that measure the physical conditions
993:
and will achieve a resolution of 70 km of the Sun's surface. The investigation of these small structures is important for the understanding of the underlying processes of the interaction of magnetic fields with plasma turbulence on the Sun. The development of the Gregor telescope will be led by
1095:
The radio observatory OSRA has been observing and recording radio emission from the Sun's corona every day from 1990 until 2007. It was composed of four antennas, observing in four different frequency bands: 40–80 MHz, 100–170 MHz, 200–400 MHz and 400–800 MHz. The antennas were
615:
With the beginning of the fascist regime, the fortunes of astronomy in
Potsdam as well as in Babelsberg started to decline. The banishment of Jewish co-workers played an essential role in this process. The beginning of the Second World War practically marked the cessation of astronomical research.
823:: Numerical simulations of convection in stellar atmospheres, determination of stellar surface parameters and chemical abundances, winds and dust shells of red giants; Doppler tomography of stellar surface structures, development of robotic telescopes, as well as simulation of magnetic flux tubes
592:, who introduced in 1913 photoelectric photometry into astronomy as the first objective method of measuring the brightness of stars. When the 122 cm telescope (at this time the second largest in the world) was finished, the Babelsberg Observatory was the best-equipped observatory of Europe.
680:, fellows of the AOP, tried to detect radio emission from the Sun. They did not succeed, because of the low sensitivity of their equipment. After the Second World War Herbert Daene started once again to attempt radio observations of the Sun in Babelsberg which were continued in Tremsdorf.
588:— the first big astronomical instrument manufactured by the famous enterprise of Carl Zeiss Jena — was mounted in 1915, whereas the completion of the 122 cm reflector telescope was delayed until 1924 by the First World War. Struve died in 1920 from an accident, and his successor was
314:
was director of the observatory, which was meanwhile attached to the
University of Berlin. He prepared the basis for the astronomical observatories in Potsdam: in 1874 the foundation of the AOP on the Telegrafenberg and in 1913 the removal of the Berlin Observatory to Babelsberg.
944:(magnetic field, radio waves, energetic particles...) at the location of the spacecraft, and six remote sensing instruments that observe the Sun and its corona in various wavelength ranges. The AIP is involved in the operations and scientific exploitation of two instruments: the
566:, originally built outside the border of the town, was enclosed by blocks of flats, so scientific observations were almost impossible. Therefore, Foerster proposed the removal of the observatory to a place outside Berlin with better observational conditions. In 1904 he appointed
768:, the Central Institute of Astrophysics was dissolved on 31 December 1991. On the recommendation of the Science Council on 1 January 1992 the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, with a greatly reduced staff, was founded. It occupies the former Babelsberg Observatory site in
1075:
STELLA is a robotic observatory that consists of two 1.2 m telescopes. It is a long-term project to observe indicators of stellar activity of Sun-like stars. The operation occurs unattended — the telescopes decide the appropriate observation strategy automatically.
793:
On April 15, 2011, the name of the AIP was changed to "Leibniz
Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam", to emphasize the affiliation of the institute with the Leibniz Association. The institute retains the abbreviation "AIP", as well as the "aip.de" Internet domain.
881:(LBT) is a new telescope on Mt. Grahams in Arizona. The LBT consists of 2 huge 8.4 m telescopes on a common mount. With their 110 square meter area, the LBT is the largest telescope in the world on a single mount, only surpassed by the combined VLTs and Kecks.
816:
and hydrodynamic numerical models; Study of coronal plasma processes by means of radio astronomy; Operation of the
Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy (OSRA) in Tremsdorf, with four radio antennas in different frequency bands from 40 MHz to
1825:
607:
was attached to the
Babelsberg Observatory. For more than 60 years a photographic sky survey was carried out, which represents the second largest archive of astronomical photographic plates. This archive and the discovery and investigation of
1108:
and perform a 5-year survey of both galactic and extra-galactic targets. Whereas the hardware has been designed and built by an international team of collaborators, the instrument is being assembled and tested at AIP. Contrary to most
403:
was appointed as sole director of the observatory. The main focus of his work was now on stellar astrophysics. He was the first successfully to determine radial velocities of stars photographically and as a result he discovered the
1830:
843:: Mother galaxies and surroundings of quasars, development of quasars and active galactic cores, structure and the story of the origin of the Milky Way, numerical computer simulations of the origin and development of galaxies
747:
The scientific work of the
Central Institute for Astrophysics suffered strongly from the isolation of the GDR from the western world. It was very difficult to come into contact with western colleagues. After the autumn 1989
644:
valuable instruments, among them the 122 cm telescope (whose former building now houses the AIP library), were dismounted and removed to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Now the 122 cm telescope works in the
667:
In June 1954 the
Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy (OSRA) in Tremsdorf (17 km southeast of Potsdam) began its work as a part of the AOP. Its history started in 1896: after the discovery of the radio waves by
595:
The development of the photoelectric method for investigating weakly variable stars and spectroscopic investigations with the 122 cm telescope made the
Babelsberg observatory well-known beyond Europe, too.
652:
In
January 1947 the German Academy of Sciences took the AOP and the Babelsberg Observatory under its administration, but it was not until the beginning of the 1950s before astronomical research started anew.
691:
was founded. The Schmidt variant of this telescope is to this day the largest astronomical wide-field camera in the world and it was the main observational instrument of the astronomers of the GDR.
1835:
1040:. MUSE is optimized for the observation of normal galaxies out to very high redshift. It will furthermore deliver detailed studies of nearby normal, interacting, and starburst galaxies.
524:. Though at that time it was not yet technically possible to measure the gravitational redshift, important developments in solar and plasma physics were started here and the architect,
965:
project, that creates a virtual observation platform to support modern astrophysical research in Germany. It is the German contribution to international efforts to establish a general
1699:
1780:
924:
is a European radio interferometer, that measures radio waves with many individual antennas in different places which it combines to a single signal. One of these international
790:
Since then, the AIP has broadened its research areas, initiated several new technical projects, and participates in several large international research projects (see below).
1775:
849:: Numerical simulation of the formation of large-scale structures. Semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and evolution. Predictions for future large observational surveys.
1625:
464:, became director of the observatory. In only a few years of work (by 1916 he had died from a chronic illness) he had made fundamental contributions in astrophysics and to
1790:
1840:
783:
are no longer affiliated with the AIP, but the AIP still operates the Observatory for Solar Rado Astronomy (OSRA) in Tremsdorf and maintains the Great Refractor and
2027:
2002:
1845:
280:
was then promoting astronomy by his famous "Kosmos" lectures in 1827–28. He played an important role in providing the funds for both observatory and instruments.
118:
1676:
893:
measures until 2010 the radial velocities and elemental abundances of a million stars, predominantly in the southern celestial hemisphere. The 6dF multi-object
332:
2017:
1770:
995:
806:(MHD): Magnetic fields and turbulence in stars, accretion disks and galaxies; computer simulations ao dynamos, magnetic instabilities and magnetic convection
272:
In 1711 the first observatory was built in Dorotheen Street in Berlin and in 1835 a new observatory building, which was designed by the famous architect
2012:
1810:
945:
705:, were joined in the course of academy reform to the Central Institute of Astrophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. The solar observatory
1765:
1724:
989:
on Tenerife. It is a new type of solar telescope, which supersedes the previous 45 cm Gregory-Coudé telescope. GREGOR is equipped with
729:
1850:
1800:
1795:
1785:
1729:
1348:
1820:
1750:
1669:
1589:
1027:
761:
646:
629:
431:. Although it did not realize all the hopes astronomers had for it, nevertheless two important discoveries should be mentioned: the
244:
in Berlin. Two months earlier the national calendar monopoly provided the funding for an observatory. By May 18 the first director,
487:
experiments in the cellar of the main building of the AOP, that were to disprove the movement of the Earth through a hypothetical
1997:
1870:
1578:
300 Jahre Astronomie in Berlin und Potsdam: eine Sammlung von Aufsätzen aus Anlaß des Gründungsjubiläums der Berliner Sternwarte
694:
In 1969 the four East-German astronomical institutes, Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam, Babelsberg Observatory, the Thuringian
1745:
103:
384:. The construction work started in 1876; the main observatory building and its equipment were finished in the autumn of 1879.
1184:
780:
699:
688:
177:
994:
the Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS) with the participation of several institutes. The telescope is named after
1114:
1110:
1037:
208:
1883:
2022:
2007:
1662:
1010:
The AIP is a partner in the LBT Consortium (LBTC) and contributes financially and materially in the construction of the
898:
336:
237:
1606:
925:
921:
1312:
1209:
890:
428:
161:
303:
in 1886 in the physical laboratory of the observatory and of the variation in the altitude of the Earth's pole by
1143:
1053:
1011:
878:
867:
661:
657:
420:
304:
196:
106:(AOP) founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first observatory to emphasize explicitly the research area of
1394:
1225:
516:
of spectral lines of the Sun — an effect proposed by Einstein's theory of General Relativity — was the aim of a
1760:
1533:
910:
480:
469:
1714:
740:. In this connection special methods of image processing have been developed. In addition, investigations in
468:. Only a few weeks after the theory's publication by Einstein, Schwarzschild found the first solution of the
1855:
1439:
737:
521:
455:
440:
388:
311:
273:
531:
Besides the work of Schwarzschild, in the following decades important observational programmes such as the
1815:
1704:
1162:
513:
288:
277:
241:
1518:
776:
712:
One part of the scientific activities concerned cosmic magnetic fields and cosmic dynamos, phenomena of
695:
600:
664:), which is to this day edited at the AIP and moreover the oldest professional journal for astronomy.
1865:
1709:
1581:
1263:
1033:
803:
585:
473:
443:
in 1904 and the presence of stellar calcium emission lines — a hint of stellar surface activity — by
424:
412:
405:
204:
157:
138:
111:
1561:
427:, and mounted in a 24 m dome. It was inaugurated in a great celebration by the German emperor,
1957:
1685:
1096:
robotised to follow the Sun automatically. The observatory was located in Tremsdorf, near Potsdam.
999:
966:
830:
551:
488:
432:
264:
833:: Brown dwarfs and low-mass stars, circumstellar disks, Origin of double and multiple-star systems
37:
1945:
1933:
769:
641:
563:
492:
465:
461:
400:
284:
122:
99:
70:
1104:
4MOST is a multi-fiber, multi-spectrograph instrument that shall replace VIRCAM at the 4 m
1089:
1032:
The Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is an instrument of the second generation for the
17:
1585:
1251:
1105:
986:
577:
in the summer of 1906 a new site was found on a hill in the eastern part of the Royal Park of
570:, former director of the observatory of Königsberg, as his successor to realize this project.
357:
The "Große Refraktor" of 1899, a double telescope with a 80cm (31.5") and 50 cm (19.5") lenses
233:
192:
173:
1969:
1909:
1345:
1271:
1064:
725:
673:
604:
525:
506:
392:
381:
366:
257:
1537:
1398:
1352:
1148:
1015:
990:
820:
813:
677:
578:
536:
479:
There exist further close links between the AOP and Einstein's Relativity Theory. In 1881
448:
444:
416:
300:
245:
203:
and the Antarctic, develops astronomical instrumentation for large telescopes such as the
169:
1549:
1267:
353:
1981:
1897:
1129:
1117:
and the scientific consortium, with project management continuing to be hosted at AIP.
977:
784:
721:
706:
683:
In October 1960 the 2 m telescope built by Carl Zeiss Jena was inaugurated in the
669:
637:
567:
517:
502:
484:
153:
142:
134:
1991:
1719:
940:
809:
609:
589:
574:
436:
396:
370:
165:
656:
AOP director Hans Kienle took over the editorial duties of the professional journal
624:
1976:
1921:
1324:
1049:
894:
765:
733:
540:
528:, created with this peculiarly expressionistic tower a unique scientific building.
362:
188:
107:
1479:
1826:
Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education at the University of Kiel
812:: Observation of sunspots and of solar magnetic field with spectro-polarimetry;
749:
498:
126:
48:
1084:
584:
The first new instruments were delivered in the spring of 1914. The 65 cm
419:
of Potsdam, with lenses of 80 and 50 cm, was manufactured by the firms of
969:. GAVO enables standardized access to German and international data archives.
741:
702:
684:
556:
342:
1640:
1627:
491:. His negative results were fundamentally reconciled only through Einstein's
1860:
962:
846:
296:
250:
212:
181:
1831:
Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe
1964:
863:
1755:
1069:
200:
1426:
1289:
476:" and which is of fundamental importance for the theory of black holes.
460:
Ten years later one of the most famous astrophysicists of this century,
323:
871:
760:
On the basis of the prescriptions of the Unification Agreement for the
724:
and stellar activity. Another part was directed to the early phases of
377:
292:
229:
164:. Astronomical and astrophysical fields studied at the AIP range from
146:
1654:
1364:
1391:
1229:
929:
840:
836:
236:, on July 11, 1700 the "Brandenburgische Societät" (later called the
130:
1530:
1916:
1275:
1044:
Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric & Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI)
976:
623:
550:
352:
341:
322:
110:. The AIP was founded in 1992, in a re-structuring following the
98:(AIP) is a German research institute. It is the successor of the
1443:
1415:
709:
and Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy were affiliated later.
187:
The institute also develops research technology in the fields of
1816:
Leibniz Institute for Educational Media | Georg Eckert Institute
826:
612:
popularized the name Sonneberg all over the astronomical world.
1658:
720:
on the Sun, explosive energy dissipation processes in plasmas,
636:
The new start after the war was very difficult. In Potsdam the
717:
713:
1616:
1463:
1376:
1252:"Investigations on the spectrum and orbit of delta Orionis"
985:
GREGOR is a 1.5 m telescope for solar research of the
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
961:
The German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO) is an
520:, which was built from 1921 to 1924 at the instigation of
376:
The site of the observatory was chosen on a hill south of
331:
isn't used as observatory any more. Nowadays it hosts the
319:
Foundation of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam (AOP)
1506:
276:, was completed in Linden Street (near Hallesches Tor).
1836:
Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung
1611:
387:
The AOP was managed by a board of directors comprising
1700:
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
854:
Participation in large international research projects
1881:
1601:
1100:
4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST)
82:
1776:
German Research Institute for Public Administration
1738:
1692:
948:(STIX), and the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD).
77:
65:
57:
47:
547:Relocation of the Berlin Observatory to Babelsberg
1791:Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics
1781:GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
1308:
1306:
1113:projects, it shall be jointly operated by both
310:The last two scientific events took place when
1846:Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach
1509:– 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
1140:GREGOR solar telescope, collaboration with KIS
897:on the 1.2 m UK Schmidt telescope of the
199:in Arizona, has erected robotic telescopes in
117:The AIP is privately funded and member of the
1841:Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie
1670:
932:by Potsdam and is being operated by the AIP.
333:Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
232:really began in Berlin in 1700. Initiated by
8:
1771:German Institute for Global and Area Studies
1080:Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy (OSRA)
435:in the spectrum of the spectroscopic binary
30:
1416:Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS)
1220:
1218:
1806:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
1677:
1663:
1655:
1602:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
1440:"Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer - MUSE"
1379:– German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
96:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
36:
31:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
29:
1811:Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research
1474:
1472:
1387:
1385:
1153:OSRA Solar Radio Observatory in Tremsdorf
946:Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays
756:Reunification and the founding of the AIP
1576:Wolfgang R. Dick, Klaus Fritze (Hrsg.):
1502:
1500:
1083:
1063:
1022:Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE)
862:
732:, large-scale structures up to those of
628:The 122 cm Babelsberg telescope in
497:
256:
1888:
1195:
640:had suffered heavy damage by bombs, in
620:Developments after the Second World War
533:Potsdamer Photometrische Durchmusterung
472:, which is now named after him as the "
2028:Science and technology in East Germany
1766:German Institute for Economic Research
1411:
1409:
1407:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
543:found recognition all over the world.
535:and the outstanding investigations of
2003:Astronomical observatories in Germany
1612:Large Binocular Telescope Observatory
1346:Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy
1290:"The Michelson experiment in Potsdam"
1006:AGWs of the Large Binocular Telescope
215:projects are carried out at the AIP.
152:The key topics of the AIP are cosmic
7:
1851:German National Library of Economics
1801:Kiel Institute for the World Economy
1562:Zeiss 50 cm reflector telescope
1550:Zeiss 70 cm reflector telescope
1171:Zeiss 50 cm reflector telescope
1168:Zeiss 70 cm reflector telescope
2018:Buildings and structures in Potsdam
1786:Ifo Institute for Economic Research
1730:Senckenberg Nature Research Society
1617:The German Astronomy Community Grid
752:, new possibilities at once arose.
562:At the end of the 19th century the
1821:Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
1751:Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
1725:Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum
1619:Astrophysical e-Science in Germany
901:will be applied for this purpose.
361:In the middle of the 19th century
27:Research facility for astrophysics
25:
1137:Great Refractor at Telegrafenberg
1028:Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer
928:stations has been constructed in
647:Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
348:Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
329:Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
307:in 1888 were likewise important.
104:Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
2013:Astrophysics research institutes
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1871:WZB Berlin Social Science Center
1693:Research museums and collections
1584:, Thun, Frankfurt am Main 2000,
295:in 1846. The discoveries of the
211:. Furthermore, work on several
137:solar observatory and the great
1746:Centre for Contemporary History
718:magnetic and eruptive processes
18:Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
1185:List of astronomical societies
1068:STELLA Robotic Observatory on
781:Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
700:Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
689:Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
1:
1796:Institut für Kristallzüchtung
1121:Telescopes and collaborations
687:Forest near Jena and the new
599:At the beginning of 1931 the
240:) was founded by the elector
899:Anglo-Australian Observatory
505:at Telegrafenberg today. By
337:Albert Einstein Science Park
287:became known worldwide when
238:Prussian Academy of Sciences
228:The history of astronomy in
1739:Other research institutions
1607:History at the AIP web page
1325:122 cm Reflecting Telescope
1165:VTT, collaboration with KIS
1048:PEPSI is a high-resolution
917:LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray)
573:After test observations by
411:In 1899 one of the biggest
102:founded in 1700 and of the
42:Main building in Babelsberg
2044:
1365:Radial Velocity Experiment
1025:
891:Radial Velocity Experiment
744:have also been performed.
730:structures in the Universe
453:
433:interstellar calcium lines
195:. It is a partner of the
162:extragalactic astrophysics
1313:Zeiss refractor telescope
1210:Great Refractor telescope
1174:Zeiss refractor telescope
1156:RoboTel robotic telescope
1144:Large Binocular Telescope
1012:Large Binocular Telescope
879:Large Binocular Telescope
868:Large Binocular Telescope
859:Large Binocular Telescope
662:Astronomische Nachrichten
466:General Relativity Theory
197:Large Binocular Telescope
35:
1761:Ferdinand-Braun-Institut
1466:– instrument for the LBT
1159:STELLA robotic telescope
911:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
905:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
160:) on various scales and
1998:Astronomy organizations
1856:Research Center Borstel
750:fall of the Berlin Wall
555:Institute buildings in
522:Erwin Finlay-Freundlich
456:Potsdam Great Refractor
389:Wilhelm Julius Foerster
312:Wilhelm Julius Foerster
274:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1705:German Maritime Museum
1521:(Meridiankreis) at AIP
1429:for the LBT by the AIP
1327:formerly in Babelsberg
1226:"e-Science at the AIP"
1163:Vacuum Tower Telescope
1092:
1088:OSRA Radio Antenna in
1072:
998:, the inventor of the
982:
981:Solar telescope GREGOR
874:
633:
559:
514:gravitational redshift
509:
474:Schwarzschild solution
406:spectroscopic binaries
358:
350:
339:
305:Karl Friedrich Küstner
291:discovered the planet
289:Johann Gottfried Galle
278:Alexander von Humboldt
269:
1715:Museum für Naturkunde
1641:52.40500°N 13.10417°E
1256:Astrophysical Journal
1250:Hartmann, J. (1904).
1087:
1067:
980:
866:
777:Sonneberg Observatory
696:Sonneberg Observatory
627:
601:Sonneberg Observatory
554:
518:solar tower telescope
501:
454:Further information:
356:
346:Cross-section of the
345:
326:
260:
1866:Socio-Economic Panel
1710:German Mining Museum
1582:Verlag Harri Deutsch
804:Magnetohydrodynamics
483:first performed his
234:Gottfried W. Leibniz
158:magnetohydrodynamics
112:German reunification
2023:Low-Frequency Array
2008:Leibniz Association
1686:Leibniz Association
1637: /
1480:"STELLA | AIP"
1268:1904ApJ....19..268H
1000:Gregorian telescope
967:Virtual Observatory
957:Virtual observatory
831:interstellar medium
798:Main research areas
787:at Telegrafenberg.
762:Academy of Sciences
568:Karl Hermann Struve
481:Albert A. Michelson
265:Berliner Sternwarte
149:belong to the AIP.
139:refractor telescope
121:. It is located in
119:Leibniz Association
32:
1646:52.40500; 13.10417
1536:2009-03-31 at the
1397:2005-04-06 at the
1351:2018-09-23 at the
1093:
1073:
983:
952:Technical projects
875:
770:Potsdam-Babelsberg
728:and the origin of
658:Astronomical Notes
634:
564:Berlin Observatory
560:
510:
493:Special Relativity
470:Einstein equations
462:Karl Schwarzschild
401:Carl Hermann Vogel
359:
351:
340:
285:Berlin Observatory
270:
193:robotic telescopes
178:galactic evolution
100:Berlin Observatory
71:Potsdam-Babelsberg
53:Matthias Steinmetz
1879:
1878:
1540:robotic telescope
1401:– solar telescope
1212:at Telegrafenberg
1106:VISTA (telescope)
987:Teide Observatory
441:Johannes Hartmann
365:was developed by
363:spectral analysis
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
2035:
1980:
1979:
1968:
1967:
1956:
1955:
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1504:
1495:
1494:
1492:
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1476:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1442:. Archived from
1436:
1430:
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1418:
1413:
1402:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1343:
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1300:
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1279:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1228:. Archived from
1222:
1213:
1207:
726:cosmic evolution
674:Johannes Wilsing
605:Cuno Hoffmeister
526:Erich Mendelsohn
507:Erich Mendelsohn
495:theory of 1905.
393:Gustav Kirchhoff
367:Gustav Kirchhoff
268:at Linden Street
125:in the state of
89:
86:
84:
40:
33:
21:
2043:
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1628:
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1623:
1598:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1538:Wayback Machine
1529:
1525:
1519:Meridian Circle
1517:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1449:
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1425:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1399:Wayback Machine
1390:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1353:Wayback Machine
1344:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1304:
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1287:
1283:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1149:Meridian Circle
1132:solar telescope
1123:
1102:
1082:
1062:
1046:
1030:
1024:
1016:adaptive optics
1008:
991:adaptive optics
975:
959:
954:
938:
919:
907:
887:
861:
856:
821:Stellar physics
814:Helioseismology
800:
758:
738:active galaxies
678:Julius Scheiner
622:
549:
537:Walter Grotrian
458:
449:Hans Ludendorff
445:Gustav Eberhard
417:Great Refractor
335:as part of the
321:
301:Eugen Goldstein
246:Gottfried Kirch
226:
221:
170:stellar physics
154:magnetic fields
129:, just west of
81:
73:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
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1990:
1989:
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1972:
1960:
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1936:
1924:
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1597:
1596:External links
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1276:10.1086/141112
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1130:Einstein Tower
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1081:
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1026:Main article:
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834:
827:Star formation
824:
818:
807:
799:
796:
785:Einstein Tower
757:
754:
722:variable stars
707:Einstein Tower
670:Heinrich Hertz
638:Einstein Tower
621:
618:
610:variable stars
548:
545:
503:Einstein Tower
485:interferometer
415:in the world,
320:
317:
225:
222:
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143:Telegrafenberg
135:Einstein Tower
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1720:Museum Koenig
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1590:3-8171-1622-5
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1457:
1446:on 2009-12-20
1445:
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1253:
1246:
1243:
1232:on 2016-03-03
1231:
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1071:
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1059:
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1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
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1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:James Gregory
992:
988:
979:
972:
970:
968:
964:
956:
951:
949:
947:
942:
941:Solar Orbiter
936:Solar Orbiter
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
916:
914:
912:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
884:
882:
880:
873:
869:
865:
858:
853:
848:
845:
842:
838:
835:
832:
828:
825:
822:
819:
815:
811:
810:Solar physics
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
795:
791:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
755:
753:
751:
745:
743:
739:
735:
734:superclusters
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
665:
663:
659:
654:
650:
648:
643:
639:
631:
626:
619:
617:
613:
611:
606:
602:
597:
593:
591:
590:Paul Guthnick
587:
582:
580:
576:
575:Paul Guthnick
571:
569:
565:
558:
553:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:To prove the
508:
504:
500:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:Delta Orionis
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
402:
398:
397:Arthur Auwers
394:
390:
385:
383:
382:Gustav Spörer
379:
374:
372:
371:Robert Bunsen
368:
364:
355:
349:
344:
338:
334:
330:
325:
318:
316:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
267:
266:
259:
255:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:Friedrich III
239:
235:
231:
223:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:, though the
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
88:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
50:
46:
39:
34:
19:
1958:Solar System
1805:
1622:
1577:
1557:
1545:
1526:
1514:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1434:
1422:
1372:
1360:
1320:
1293:. Retrieved
1284:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1103:
1094:
1074:
1050:spectrograph
1047:
1031:
1009:
984:
960:
939:
920:
908:
895:spectrograph
888:
876:
817:800 MHz
792:
789:
774:
759:
746:
711:
693:
682:
666:
655:
651:
635:
614:
598:
594:
583:
572:
561:
541:solar corona
532:
530:
511:
478:
459:
451:about 1900.
410:
386:
375:
360:
347:
328:
309:
282:
271:
262:
249:
227:
189:spectroscopy
186:
151:
116:
108:astrophysics
95:
94:
1946:Outer space
1934:Spaceflight
1644: /
1489:22 February
1295:22 February
1262:: 268–286.
603:founded by
127:Brandenburg
61:approx. 200
1992:Categories
1632:13°06′15″E
1629:52°24′18″N
1571:References
1484:www.aip.de
1450:2009-07-25
1236:2009-07-27
742:astrometry
714:turbulence
703:Tautenburg
685:Tautenburg
642:Babelsberg
579:Babelsberg
557:Babelsberg
429:Wilhelm II
399:. In 1882
297:canal rays
254:in 1991).
123:Babelsberg
1970:Education
1910:Astronomy
1861:RWI Essen
1427:AGW-units
1090:Tremsdorf
963:e-Science
847:Cosmology
672:in 1888,
660:(German:
586:refractor
421:Steinheil
413:refractor
213:e-Science
182:cosmology
1756:Dagstuhl
1534:Archived
1395:Archived
1349:Archived
1179:See also
1070:Tenerife
1052:for the
837:Galaxies
829:and the
779:and the
201:Tenerife
66:Location
1982:Science
1898:Germany
1884:Portals
1531:RoboTel
1264:Bibcode
1036:of the
872:Arizona
841:quasars
764:of the
736:and to
539:on the
425:Repsold
378:Potsdam
293:Neptune
230:Potsdam
219:History
207:of the
174:stellar
147:Potsdam
78:Website
1588:
1564:at AIP
1552:at AIP
1392:GREGOR
1367:– RAVE
1355:– OSRA
1315:at AIP
1060:STELLA
973:GREGOR
930:Bornim
698:, and
489:aether
224:Origin
131:Berlin
1922:Stars
1507:4MOST
1464:PEPSI
1191:Notes
1126:4MOST
926:LOFAR
922:LOFAR
261:Alte
251:Wende
166:solar
58:Staff
49:Chair
1586:ISBN
1491:2022
1377:GAVO
1297:2022
909:The
889:The
885:RAVE
877:The
839:and
775:The
676:and
630:CrAO
447:and
423:and
395:and
369:and
327:The
283:The
263:New
191:and
176:and
168:and
85:.aip
1272:doi
1115:ESO
1111:ESO
1054:LBT
1038:ESO
1034:VLT
870:in
766:GDR
439:by
299:by
209:ESO
205:VLT
180:to
172:to
145:in
141:on
87:.de
83:www
1994::
1580:.
1499:^
1482:.
1471:^
1406:^
1384:^
1332:^
1305:^
1270:.
1260:19
1258:.
1254:.
1217:^
1198:^
1018:.
1002:.
772:.
716:,
649:.
408:.
391:,
184:.
114:.
1886::
1678:e
1671:t
1664:v
1493:.
1453:.
1299:.
1278:.
1274::
1266::
1239:.
632:.
156:(
20:)
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