3116:
1275:
53:
346:
between US$ 85 million and US$ 300 million. At that time, archaeological rescue missions had also been carried out at important sites that were to be flooded. Flooding of the reservoir started in 1974 and led to the displacement of 25,000 people. During the flooding of the Keban
Reservoir, Turkey maintained the discharge of the Euphrates at 450 cubic metres (16,000 cu ft) per second, as agreed with the downstream countries of
3196:
2961:
2951:
503:
461:
363:. After the initial filling of the lake, geological weaknesses in the bedrock on which the dam was built necessitated a temporary lowering of the lake level in order to carry out extensive reinforcement works. Reportedly, Keban Dam was the world's eighteenth-tallest dam at completion, creating Turkey's largest man-made reservoir and third-largest lake until the filling of the reservoir of the Atatürk Dam.
3411:
3262:
3661:
3184:
475:
3304:
3342:
489:
434:. The storage capacity of Lake Keban is 30.6 cubic kilometres (7.3 cu mi) and the surface area of the lake is 675 square kilometres (261 sq mi), although the lake has reportedly reached higher levels in the past. Due to Lake Keban's relatively high elevation at 845 metres (2,772 ft) above sea-level and its location in an area with high precipitation,
60:
40:
378:
valleys were the scene of intense archaeological survey and excavation in advance of flooding. The lake formed by the dam is mostly narrow, hemmed in by deep rock valleys. No archaeological sites were found in the survey of these valleys. The Murat valley opens up in two places, and it is here that
345:
Construction of the Keban Dam was first proposed in 1936 by the newly established
Electric Affairs Survey Administration, but not started before 1966. Construction was carried out by the French-Italian consortium SCI-Impreglio and completed in 1974. Estimates of the total construction cost vary
399:. The Altınova plain contained other relatively large mounds, including Tepecik (3.4 ha (8.4 acres)), Korucutepe (2.0 ha (4.9 acres)), Değirmentepe (2.0 ha (4.9 acres)) and Körtepe (1.7 ha (4.2 acres)). The late Roman
358:
as well, in 1975 a dispute broke out between Syria and Iraq over the amount of water that flowed into Iraq. This dispute, exacerbated by drought which reduced the amount of available water even further, was solved by mediation of
438:
is relatively low at 0.48 cubic kilometres (0.12 cu mi) per year compared to reservoirs in Syria or Iraq. Apart from the
Euphrates Valley directly upstream of the dam, the lake has also flooded parts of valleys of the
317:(GAP), it is now a fully integrated component of the project, which aims to stimulate economic development in Southeastern Turkey. Construction of the dam commenced in 1966 and was completed in 1974. Keban Dam Lake (
379:
archaeological (and modern) settlement was concentrated. The Aşvan region, covering about 115 square kilometres (44 sq mi), contained eleven archaeological sites, all relatively small. The largest,
3399:
447:, the two rivers from which the Euphrates emerges. Although the dam was not originally intended for irrigation, 63,872 hectares (157,830 acres) of agricultural land was irrigated from Lake Keban in 1999.
3477:
2997:
1017:
426:(DSİ). The dam is 1,097 metres (3,599 ft) long and its crest is 207 metres (679 ft) above the level of the river-bed (848 metres (2,782 ft) above sea-level). Its eight
3392:
313:. The dam is the first and uppermost of several large-scale dams to be built on the Euphrates by Turkey. Although the Keban Dam was not originally constructed as a part of the
3115:
1274:
3385:
3696:
2964:
325:), the reservoir created by Keban Dam, has a surface area of 675 square kilometres (261 sq mi) and is reputedly the fourth-largest lake in Turkey after
862:
3377:
782:
n/a (1967), "Doomed by the Dam. A Survey of the
Monuments threatened by the Creation of the Keban Dam Flood Area, Elazig, 18–29 October 1966", vol. 9,
2990:
1010:
3234:
3716:
3415:
383:, covered about 0.9 hectares (2.2 acres) in total; this site, as well as three others were excavated by the British Institute of Archaeology at
3686:
2983:
1588:
1003:
3640:
1026:
969:
951:
929:
891:
3701:
3619:
1955:
3614:
3517:
559:
3482:
852:
52:
3492:
783:
3706:
3609:
3538:
95:
366:
The construction of the dam and its subsequent reservoir resulted in involuntary resettlement of approximately 25,000 people.
423:
1650:
985:
960:
Wolf, Aaron T. (1994), "A Hydropolitical
History of the Nile, Jordan and Euphrates River Basins", in Biswas, Asit K (ed.),
3691:
3446:
3007:
314:
395:, covered 8.2 hectares (20 acres), being by far the largest site in the region. It was excavated by a German team led by
3227:
2764:
2499:
1034:
2086:
920:
Kolars, John (1994), "Problems of
International River Management: The Case of the Euphrates", in Biswas, Asit K (ed.),
391:), was a well-defined area of thick and fertile alluvial soil. Archaeological survey located 36 sites, of which one,
871:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3441:
2091:
2017:
2012:
3711:
3431:
2281:
1493:
1473:
1468:
1244:
812:
Ertunç, Aziz (1999), "The geological problems of the large dams constructed on the
Euphrates River (Turkey)",
354:. However, as a result of the fact that Syria was at that time filling the reservoir of its newly constructed
1785:
3502:
3220:
2954:
1980:
508:
3462:
3436:
2589:
2291:
1373:
2866:
2569:
2331:
1840:
1690:
2032:
157:
3553:
3067:
2921:
2409:
2306:
2111:
1925:
1780:
1428:
1194:
1084:
388:
306:
2936:
2776:
2729:
2384:
2286:
1910:
1855:
1835:
1755:
1568:
1548:
1174:
1119:
821:
522:
387:: Taşkun Mevkii, Çayboyu and Taşkun Kale. The other broadening of the valley, at the Altınova plain (
146:
2724:
2356:
3083:
2649:
2599:
2594:
1528:
1443:
1368:
3072:
2975:
2749:
2554:
2399:
2336:
2236:
2191:
2051:
1970:
1960:
1915:
1860:
1775:
1765:
1685:
1533:
1154:
1104:
3090:
909:
444:
268:
3563:
3512:
3291:
3157:
3132:
3104:
3062:
3056:
3043:
2901:
2886:
2871:
2659:
2519:
2351:
2301:
2276:
1670:
1543:
1538:
1503:
1433:
1388:
1234:
1134:
1109:
1044:
686:
Development-Induced
Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges
403:, a notable example of an early pointed arch bridge, has been permanently submerged by the dam.
3077:
690:
Development-Induced
Displacement and Resettlement: Causes, Consequences and Socio-Legal Context
2836:
2816:
2644:
2459:
2444:
2404:
2389:
2161:
2136:
2061:
1935:
1895:
1800:
1695:
1635:
1605:
1418:
1149:
1069:
1064:
1054:
965:
947:
925:
887:
848:
791:
518:
400:
2106:
3604:
3548:
3361:
2821:
2704:
2639:
2609:
2454:
2449:
2056:
1740:
1458:
1313:
1283:
1189:
829:
466:
396:
318:
295:
287:
2926:
2619:
2614:
2584:
2564:
2296:
2196:
2131:
2022:
1508:
1423:
847:, vol. 2, Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, p. 145,
3558:
3366:
3200:
1214:
804:
567:
2896:
2754:
2739:
2634:
2524:
2374:
2366:
2346:
2341:
2326:
2316:
2271:
2176:
2096:
2081:
1790:
1700:
1665:
1630:
1478:
1343:
1264:
1224:
1159:
825:
3599:
3584:
3568:
3522:
3467:
3356:
3281:
3097:
3049:
3033:
2891:
2781:
2629:
2624:
2604:
2559:
2464:
2394:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2221:
2206:
2171:
2166:
2041:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1950:
1920:
1875:
1865:
1810:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1660:
1600:
1573:
1518:
1438:
1403:
1254:
1239:
1209:
1074:
940:
840:
730:
415:
334:
216:
833:
3680:
3665:
3624:
3247:
3212:
3188:
2801:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2654:
2529:
2514:
2439:
2419:
2414:
2321:
2246:
2146:
1850:
1845:
1815:
1795:
1770:
1725:
1680:
1675:
1578:
1563:
1358:
1318:
1249:
1169:
1144:
1089:
843:(1977), "Das byzantinische Strassensystem in Kappadokien", in Hunger, Herbert (ed.),
480:
427:
392:
380:
247:
584:
3594:
3543:
3328:
3276:
3028:
2881:
2806:
2796:
2734:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2151:
2126:
2071:
1940:
1870:
1655:
1645:
1463:
1448:
1353:
1259:
1229:
1204:
1199:
1164:
1139:
494:
360:
261:
3472:
3147:
2876:
2861:
2826:
2361:
2311:
1825:
1805:
1760:
1620:
1383:
1378:
1293:
1079:
1049:
79:
3351:
3313:
3286:
3038:
2931:
2851:
2846:
2811:
2744:
2579:
2539:
2534:
2509:
2484:
2479:
2261:
2066:
2027:
1992:
1900:
1890:
1820:
1745:
1735:
1610:
1498:
1483:
1413:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1363:
1219:
1114:
1099:
1059:
995:
502:
440:
435:
419:
375:
3162:
3152:
3142:
2916:
2911:
2856:
2786:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2699:
2544:
2489:
2474:
2469:
2429:
2379:
2231:
2211:
2201:
2186:
2141:
2116:
2046:
1965:
1945:
1905:
1885:
1830:
1750:
1730:
1615:
1553:
1513:
1348:
1338:
1184:
1094:
456:
521:, aka Ağın (Karamağara) Bridge named in remembrance of the submerged ancient
406:
The area of rescue excavations is well covered in the work by Fahri
Dikkaya.
110:
97:
3323:
3318:
3251:
3167:
3137:
3015:
2841:
2831:
2791:
2664:
2549:
2424:
2181:
2156:
2121:
1930:
1715:
1625:
1558:
1523:
1488:
1453:
1333:
1323:
1303:
1298:
1179:
1129:
488:
355:
302:
172:
900:
Kolars, John (1986), "The Hydro-Imperative of Turkey's Search for Energy",
2906:
2076:
1328:
1308:
1124:
330:
326:
274:
258:
253:
3564:
Istanbul Atatürk International Airport (International services terminal)
3645:
2574:
2434:
2036:
1880:
1640:
913:
962:
International Waters of the Middle East: From Euphrates-Tigris to Nile
922:
International Waters of the Middle East: From Euphrates-Tigris to Nile
3410:
3261:
3124:
384:
310:
83:
17:
39:
726:
3303:
942:
The Euphrates River and the Southeast Anatolia Development Project
845:
Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für die Tabula Imperii Byzantini
347:
884:
Identity, conflict and cooperation in international river systems
3341:
3243:
431:
351:
3381:
3216:
2979:
999:
525:, was Turkey's fourth longest bridge when it was built in 2015.
298:
3478:
Faculty of Arts and Sciences Building in Istanbul University
864:
The law of international water courses and the Middle East
3641:
BTC (Baku-Tiflis-Ceyhan) pipeline and Yumurtalık terminal
990:
727:
Settlement Patterns of Altınova in the Early Bronze Age.
560:"Celebrations for the 25th service year of Keban Dam"
3633:
3577:
3531:
3455:
3422:
3338:
3300:
3258:
3123:
3014:
2763:
2498:
2220:
1979:
1587:
1282:
1033:
267:
246:
238:
233:
225:
215:
207:
199:
194:
186:
178:
168:
163:
153:
142:
134:
126:
89:
75:
32:
939:
3559:Antalya Airport (International services terminal)
3493:ODTÜ (Middle East Technical University campus)
938:Kolars, John F.; Mitchell, William A. (1991),
753:
612:
541:
3393:
3228:
2991:
1011:
8:
410:Characteristics of the dam and the reservoir
924:, Oxford University Press, pp. 44–94,
3400:
3386:
3378:
3235:
3221:
3213:
2998:
2984:
2976:
1018:
1004:
996:
964:, Oxford University Press, pp. 5–43,
38:
29:
786:, Faculty of Architecture, pp. 54–57
765:
579:
577:
3416:Fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey
534:
221:64,100 km (24,749 sq mi)
3697:Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
800:
789:
741:
672:
660:
624:
600:
3646:Erdemir (Ereğli Iron and Steel Plant)
3605:Oymapınar Dam and Hydroelectric plant
554:
552:
550:
374:From 1968 to 1974, the Euphrates and
7:
3595:Karakaya Dam and Hydroelectric Plant
713:
648:
636:
589:Mideast & N. Africa Encyclopedia
430:are capable of producing 1,330
3600:Atatürk Dam and Hydroelectric plant
3008:Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP)
701:
688:, Geneva, 2013; Bogumil Terminski,
333:, and the reservoir created by the
3508:Istanbul Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadium
422:hydroelectric dam operated by the
211:30.6 km (7.3 cu mi)
25:
3590:Keban Dam and Hydroelectric Plant
3513:Istanbul Galleria Shopping Center
229:675 km (261 sq mi)
59:
3659:
3409:
3340:
3302:
3260:
3195:
3194:
3182:
3114:
2960:
2959:
2950:
2949:
1273:
784:Middle East Technical University
692:, Ibidem Press, Stuttgart, 2015.
501:
487:
473:
459:
58:
51:
3610:Lower Seyhan Irrigation Project
3539:75th Anniversary Selatin Tunnel
3473:Anıtkabir (Atatürk's Mausoleum)
986:Keban District official website
67:Location of Keban Dam in Turkey
3717:Important Bird Areas of Turkey
1:
3620:Yeşilçay Drinking Water Plant
3488:AKM (Atatürk Cultural Center)
3447:Southeastern Anatolia Project
1027:Dams and reservoirs in Turkey
834:10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00072-0
315:Southeastern Anatolia Project
3615:Şanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels
3518:Kızılay Emek Business Center
2965:Hydroelectric power stations
414:The Keban Dam is a combined
190:1,097 m (3,599 ft)
3702:Dams on the Euphrates River
3733:
3523:Istanbul İş Bankası Towers
3503:Istanbul Abdi İpekçi Arena
3483:TBMM (Parliament Building)
754:Kolars & Mitchell 1991
613:Kolars & Mitchell 1991
542:Kolars & Mitchell 1991
370:Archaeological rescue work
3654:
3176:
3112:
2945:
1271:
946:, Carbondale: SIU Press,
46:
37:
882:Kalpakian, Jack (2004),
182:207 m (679 ft)
3687:Dams in Elazığ Province
3498:Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium
3468:Mersin Halkevi Building
509:Renewable energy portal
269:Installed capacity
127:Construction began
3707:Dams completed in 1974
3549:15 July Martyrs Bridge
3463:Ankara railway station
886:, Aldershot: Ashgate,
725:Fahri Dikkaya (2003),
322:
291:
143:Construction cost
861:Inan, Yüksel (2000),
424:State Hydraulic Works
158:State Hydraulic Works
111:38.80694°N 38.75694°E
27:Dam in Elazığ, Turkey
3692:Irrigation in Turkey
991:Official GAP website
564:Official GAP website
239:Commission date
902:Middle East Journal
826:1999EngGe..51..167E
814:Engineering Geology
684:Bogumil Terminski,
217:Catchment area
208:Total capacity
107: /
2590:Kalecik (Osmaniye)
116:38.80694; 38.75694
3674:
3673:
3666:Turkey portal
3375:
3374:
3210:
3209:
3189:Turkey portal
2973:
2972:
2033:Boztepe (Malatya)
971:978-0-19-854862-1
953:978-0-8093-1572-7
931:978-0-19-854862-1
893:978-0-7546-3338-9
799:Missing or empty
523:Karamağara Bridge
401:Karamagara Bridge
305:, located in the
280:
279:
226:Surface area
164:Dam and spillways
135:Opening date
16:(Redirected from
3724:
3712:Rock-filled dams
3664:
3663:
3662:
3442:Turkish Highways
3437:Turkish Railways
3414:
3413:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3345:
3344:
3307:
3306:
3265:
3264:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3214:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3118:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2955:Dams by province
2953:
2952:
2092:Kalecik (Elazığ)
1277:
1020:
1013:
1006:
997:
974:
956:
945:
934:
916:
896:
878:
876:
870:, archived from
869:
857:
836:
808:
802:
797:
795:
787:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
723:
717:
711:
705:
704:, pp. 54–57
699:
693:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
591:
581:
572:
571:
566:, archived from
556:
545:
539:
511:
506:
505:
497:
492:
491:
483:
478:
477:
476:
469:
467:Kurdistan portal
464:
463:
462:
397:Harald Hauptmann
323:Keban Baraj Gölü
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
62:
61:
55:
42:
30:
21:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3650:
3629:
3573:
3554:Kömürhan Bridge
3527:
3451:
3424:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3376:
3371:
3339:
3334:
3301:
3296:
3259:
3254:
3241:
3211:
3206:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3119:
3110:
3016:Euphrates Basin
3010:
3004:
2974:
2969:
2941:
2768:
2766:
2759:
2501:
2494:
2292:Çakmak (Edirne)
2223:
2216:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1592:
1590:
1583:
1374:Çakmak (Samsun)
1369:Boztepe (Tokat)
1285:
1278:
1269:
1036:
1029:
1024:
982:
977:
972:
959:
954:
937:
932:
919:
899:
894:
881:
874:
867:
860:
855:
841:Hild, Friedrich
839:
811:
798:
788:
781:
777:
772:
764:
760:
752:
748:
740:
736:
724:
720:
712:
708:
700:
696:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
631:
623:
619:
611:
607:
599:
595:
583:
582:
575:
558:
557:
548:
540:
536:
532:
515:
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
474:
472:
465:
460:
458:
453:
412:
389:Elazığ Province
372:
343:
341:Project history
307:Elazığ Province
256:
203:Keban Reservoir
115:
113:
109:
106:
101:
98:
96:
94:
93:
71:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3730:
3728:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3679:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3569:Birecik Bridge
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:Ataköy Housing
3428:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3192:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:Aşağı Karaören
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Topçam (Aydın)
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1000:
994:
993:
988:
981:
980:External links
978:
976:
975:
970:
957:
952:
935:
930:
917:
897:
892:
879:
858:
853:
837:
820:(3): 167–182,
809:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:
766:Kalpakian 2004
758:
746:
734:
729:academia.edu;
718:
706:
694:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
573:
546:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
513:
512:
498:
484:
470:
455:
454:
452:
449:
428:water turbines
411:
408:
371:
368:
342:
339:
278:
277:
271:
265:
264:
250:
244:
243:
240:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
91:
87:
86:
77:
73:
72:
66:
57:
56:
50:
49:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3729:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3625:Mersin Harbor
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2966:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2937:Upper Kaleköy
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Lower Kaleköy
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Karacaören II
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2500:Mediterranean
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:İkizcetepeler
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Topçam (Ordu)
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1001:
998:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
979:
973:
967:
963:
958:
955:
949:
944:
943:
936:
933:
927:
923:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
889:
885:
880:
877:on 2011-07-18
873:
866:
865:
859:
856:
854:3-7001-0168-6
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
806:
793:
785:
780:
779:
774:
768:, p. 102
767:
762:
759:
755:
750:
747:
744:, p. 168
743:
738:
735:
732:
731:(PDF version)
728:
722:
719:
716:, p. 145
715:
710:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
687:
681:
678:
675:, p. 173
674:
669:
666:
662:
657:
654:
650:
645:
642:
638:
633:
630:
626:
621:
618:
614:
609:
606:
602:
597:
594:
590:
586:
580:
578:
574:
570:on 2011-06-07
569:
565:
561:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
538:
535:
529:
524:
520:
517:
516:
510:
504:
499:
496:
490:
485:
482:
481:Turkey portal
471:
468:
457:
450:
448:
446:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:and concrete
417:
409:
407:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
369:
367:
364:
362:
357:
353:
349:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:
296:hydroelectric
293:
289:
285:
276:
272:
270:
266:
263:
260:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:Power Station
232:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
54:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3589:
3544:Ankara Metro
3271:
3199:
3180:
3125:Tigris Basin
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3055:
3048:
3023:
3006:Dams of the
2765:Southeastern
2650:Kavşak Bendi
2595:Karacaören I
2332:Devecikonağı
2282:Büyükçekmece
2101:
2087:Hınıs Başköy
1529:Ondokuzmayıs
1474:Kirazlıköprü
1469:Kızılcapınar
1444:Hasan Uğurlu
961:
941:
921:
908:(1): 53–67,
905:
901:
883:
872:the original
863:
844:
817:
813:
801:|title=
761:
756:, p. 35
749:
737:
721:
709:
697:
689:
685:
680:
668:
663:, p. 49
656:
651:, p. 29
644:
632:
627:, p. 64
620:
615:, p. 27
608:
603:, p. 59
596:
588:
568:the original
563:
544:, p. 26
537:
495:Water portal
413:
405:
373:
365:
361:Saudi Arabia
344:
292:Keban Barajı
283:
281:
262:Francis-type
3585:Çubuk-1 Dam
3425:development
2410:Kızıldamlar
1544:Suat Uğurlu
1504:Kulaksızlar
1215:Seferihisar
1110:Çavdarhisar
742:Ertunç 1999
673:Ertunç 1999
661:Kolars 1994
639:, p. 6
625:Kolars 1986
601:Kolars 1994
585:"Keban Dam"
519:Ağın Bridge
441:Murat River
436:evaporation
376:Murat River
335:Atatürk Dam
154:Operator(s)
149:300,000,000
114: /
90:Coordinates
3681:Categories
3331:(proposed)
2837:Devegeçidi
2817:Burç Bendi
2730:Tahtaköprü
2630:Kayraktepe
2625:Kartalkaya
2620:Kadıncık 2
2615:Kadıncık 1
2445:Sarıbeyler
2405:Kırklareli
2395:Karaidemir
2287:Büyükorhan
2267:Bayramdere
2257:Babasultan
2172:Sultansuyu
2167:Seyrantepe
2162:Sarımehmet
2137:Palandöken
2062:Demirdöven
2018:Bağıştaş 2
2013:Bağıştaş 1
2003:Alpaslan-2
1998:Alpaslan-1
1951:Yahyasaray
1936:Süreyyabey
1911:Sarımsaklı
1856:Kurtboğazı
1836:Kesikköprü
1811:Kapulukaya
1756:Gelingüllü
1636:Altınhisar
1569:Vezirköprü
1419:Germeçtepe
1255:Yaylakavak
1175:Kayaboğazı
1150:Güzelhisar
1140:Gölmarmara
1120:Demirköprü
1055:Akdeğirmen
775:References
393:Norşuntepe
381:Aşvan Kale
257:4 × 175.0
252:4 × 157.5
102:38°45′25″E
99:38°48′25″N
3578:Hydrology
3532:Transport
3456:Buildings
3252:Euphrates
3084:Çataltepe
2867:Hacıhıdır
2822:Çetintepe
2802:Beyhan II
2750:Yayladağı
2705:Oymapınar
2685:Nergizlik
2655:Korkuteli
2640:Kılavuzlu
2610:Karamanlı
2570:Çayboğazı
2555:Birkapılı
2455:Sultanköy
2450:Sazlıdere
2420:Koyuntepe
2415:Kirazdere
2400:Kayalıköy
2371:Hamzadere
2247:Atikhisar
2237:Altınyazı
2192:Uzunçayır
2147:Pazaryolu
2057:Çocuktepe
1971:Yeşilburç
1961:Yapıaltın
1916:Sarıoğlan
1861:Kuzfındık
1851:Kunduzlar
1841:Kılıçkaya
1816:Karacalar
1776:Güldürcek
1766:Gökçekaya
1741:Eğrekkaya
1726:Derebucak
1691:Çamlıgöze
1686:Çamlıdere
1676:Beylikova
1579:Yenihayat
1534:Saraydüzü
1494:Köprübaşı
1459:Karaçomak
1314:Altınkaya
1284:Black Sea
1190:Kureyşler
1170:Kavakdere
1105:Çaltıkoru
714:Hild 1977
649:Wolf 1994
637:Inan 2000
356:Tabqa Dam
303:Euphrates
284:Keban Dam
242:1975-1982
195:Reservoir
173:Euphrates
33:Keban Dam
3634:Industry
3423:Regional
3362:Fallujah
3329:Halabiye
3292:Karkamış
3277:Karakaya
3248:barrages
3201:Category
3133:Kralkızı
3073:Büyükçay
3068:Sırımtaş
3057:Hancağız
3044:Karkamış
3029:Karakaya
2922:Sırımtaş
2902:Kralkızı
2897:Kirazlık
2887:Karkamış
2882:Karakaya
2872:Hancağız
2807:Beyyurdu
2797:Beyhan I
2767:Anatolia
2755:Yedigöze
2740:Yapraklı
2735:Uluborlu
2680:Menzelet
2675:Mehmetli
2670:Manavgat
2660:Kozağacı
2525:Aslantaş
2520:Alaköprü
2375:Hasanağa
2367:Günyurdu
2352:Gökçeada
2342:Elmalı-2
2327:Demirtaş
2317:Darıdere
2307:Çınarcık
2302:Çaygören
2277:Boğazköy
2272:Bayramiç
2152:Pembelik
2127:Morgedik
2112:Koçköprü
2097:Kapıkaya
2082:Gülbahar
2072:Erzincan
1983:Anatolia
1941:Tatlarin
1926:Sıddıklı
1871:Maksutlu
1791:Hirfanlı
1786:Gürsöğüt
1781:Gümüşler
1671:Bayındır
1666:Bahçelik
1656:Ayhanlar
1646:Asartepe
1631:Altınapa
1591:Anatolia
1539:Sarayözü
1479:Koçhisar
1464:Karadere
1449:Hasanlar
1429:Güllübağ
1389:Demirözü
1354:Bezirgan
1344:Belpınar
1265:Yortanlı
1260:Yenidere
1230:Seyitler
1225:Sevişler
1205:Mumcular
1200:Marmaris
1195:Küçükler
1165:Karacasu
1160:İkizdere
1135:Gökpınar
1085:Beşkarış
1045:Adıgüzel
792:citation
702:n/a 1967
451:See also
443:and the
416:rockfill
331:Lake Tuz
327:Lake Van
248:Turbines
169:Impounds
76:Location
3367:Hindiya
3352:Haditha
3314:Tishrin
3287:Birecik
3282:Atatürk
3250:on the
3098:Kayacık
3091:Gömikan
3050:Çamgazi
3039:Birecik
3034:Atatürk
2932:Uludere
2892:Kayacık
2852:Erkenek
2847:Dumluca
2812:Birecik
2782:Atatürk
2745:Yarseli
2725:Sücüllü
2645:Kızılsu
2605:Karaçal
2580:Gezende
2560:Çatalan
2540:Belkaya
2535:Bademli
2510:Adatepe
2485:Umurbey
2480:Topuzlu
2465:Taşoluk
2460:Süloğlu
2390:Kadıköy
2357:Gölbaşı
2337:Doğancı
2262:Bakacak
2252:Ayvacık
2242:Armağan
2222:Marmara
2207:Yoncalı
2067:Dilimli
2042:Çamgazi
2028:Bayburt
2008:Arpaçay
1993:Alkumru
1981:Eastern
1921:Sarıyar
1896:Musaözü
1891:Murtaza
1876:Mamasın
1866:Kültepe
1821:Karaova
1801:İmranlı
1746:Gazibey
1736:Ermenek
1721:Deliçay
1711:Çubuk-2
1706:Çubuk-1
1696:Çatören
1661:Ayrancı
1611:Akhasan
1606:Ağcaşar
1601:4 Eylül
1589:Central
1574:Yedikır
1519:Muratlı
1484:Koruluk
1439:Güzelce
1414:Erfelek
1409:Dodurga
1404:Derinöz
1399:Deriner
1394:Derbent
1364:Boyabat
1240:Tahtalı
1220:Selevir
1210:Örenler
1100:Cindere
1075:Balçova
1070:Alaçatı
1065:Akköprü
1060:Akgedik
914:4327248
822:Bibcode
420:gravity
319:Turkish
301:on the
294:) is a
288:Turkish
200:Creates
3357:Ramadi
3163:Garzan
3158:Kayser
3153:Silvan
3143:Batman
3105:Kemlin
3063:Koçali
2927:Şırnak
2917:Silvan
2912:Silopi
2857:Garzan
2787:Batman
2769:Region
2720:Sorgun
2710:Seyhan
2700:Otluca
2695:Onaç-2
2690:Onaç-1
2585:Göktaş
2565:Çavdır
2545:Berdan
2530:Ayvalı
2515:Alakır
2502:Region
2490:Valide
2475:Terkos
2470:Tayfur
2440:Ömerli
2430:Manyas
2380:Havran
2322:Darlık
2297:Çamköy
2232:Alibey
2224:Region
2212:Zernek
2202:Yedisu
2197:Yazıcı
2187:Tercan
2142:Patnos
2132:Özlüce
2117:Kuzgun
2052:Çıldır
2023:Başköy
1985:Region
1966:Yenice
1956:Yamula
1946:Uzunlu
1906:Porsuk
1886:Mursal
1846:Kovalı
1831:Kaymaz
1796:İbrala
1771:Gölova
1751:Gebere
1731:Doyduk
1681:Bozkır
1616:Akkaya
1593:Region
1564:Uluköy
1554:Tortum
1514:Laleli
1509:Kürtün
1424:Gölköy
1359:Borçka
1349:Beyler
1339:Artvin
1319:Ataköy
1286:Region
1250:Ürkmez
1185:Kestel
1155:Işıklı
1145:Gördes
1095:Buldan
1090:Beydağ
1037:Region
1035:Aegean
968:
950:
928:
912:
890:
851:
445:Karasu
385:Ankara
311:Turkey
273:1,330
187:Length
179:Height
84:Turkey
80:Elazığ
3324:Baath
3319:Tabqa
3272:Keban
3168:Cizre
3148:Ilısu
3138:Dicle
3078:Kahta
3024:Keban
2877:Ilısu
2862:Göksu
2842:Dicle
2832:Cizre
2827:Çetin
2792:Balli
2665:Kozan
2635:Köprü
2550:Berke
2425:Madra
2362:Gönen
2347:Gökçe
2312:Çokal
2182:Tatar
2177:Sürgü
2157:Polat
2122:Medik
2102:Keban
1931:Sille
1826:Kargı
1806:İvriz
1761:Gödet
1716:Damsa
1701:Çoğun
1626:Akyar
1621:Akköy
1559:Torul
1524:Obruk
1489:Kozlu
1454:Hatap
1434:Gülüç
1384:Çorum
1379:Çatak
1334:Arkun
1324:Atasu
1304:Almus
1299:Alaca
1294:Akçay
1235:Söğüt
1180:Kemer
1130:Geyik
1080:Bayır
1050:Afşar
910:JSTOR
875:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
530:Notes
348:Syria
18:Asvan
3246:and
3244:Dams
2907:Seve
2107:Kığı
2077:Gayt
1901:Özen
1499:Köse
1329:Aksu
1309:Alpu
1125:Enne
1115:Çine
966:ISBN
948:ISBN
926:ISBN
888:ISBN
849:ISBN
805:help
352:Iraq
350:and
282:The
147:US$
138:1974
130:1966
2715:Sır
2575:Dim
2435:New
2047:Çat
2037:Cip
1881:May
1641:Apa
830:doi
309:of
299:dam
3683::
2035:•
906:40
904:,
828:,
818:51
816:,
796::
794:}}
790:{{
587:,
576:^
562:,
549:^
432:MW
337:.
329:,
321::
290::
275:MW
259:MW
254:MW
82:,
3401:e
3394:t
3387:v
3236:e
3229:t
3222:v
2999:e
2992:t
2985:v
1019:e
1012:t
1005:v
832::
824::
807:)
803:(
286:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
