Knowledge (XXG)

Bømlafjord Tunnel

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563:. The tunnel is 11 meters (36 ft) wide and has three lanes. As the tunnel has a significant slope, two lanes runs uphill and one runs downhill. It has a height of 4.7 meters (15 ft) and has its deepest point at 260.4 meters (854 ft) below mean sea level. Safety measures include fire extinguishers, emergency telephones and break-down pullovers every 250 meters (820 ft). There are turning points for trucks every 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) and lights and barriers at the entrances to notify drivers if the tunnel is closed. It features radio coverage and a system to register the position and key information about all vehicles in the tunnel. All the emergency equipment is connected to the Public Roads Administrations centre in Bergen. The tunnel has mobile telephone coverage. In 2016, the tunnel had an average 4,974 vehicles per day. 526:. The earthwork from the Sveio side was used to build roads and a golf course in the area. On average, the tunnel was built at a speed of 55 meters (180 ft) per week, with the record being 96.7 meters (317 ft). Between 30 and 40 people worked with the tunneling on each team. The lowest point was reached on 5 May 1999 and the breakthrough took place on 2 September 1999, five months before schedule. Construction involved injection of 282 tonnes (278 long tons; 311 short tons) and spraying of 14,900 cubic meters (530,000 cu ft) of 427:
use advance tolls and fuel fees, place the income in the bank and then pay the whole fixed link with the saved-up funds. Most of the opposition against the project was from Stord, while in Bømlo there was near consensus in favor of the project. The exception was in southern Bømlø, where there was concerns that their ferry service to the mainland would be terminated, which would result in considerably longer driving time to Haugesund. Concerns were also raised regarding people with
547: 27: 1639: 570:, with toll collection located at Føyno. It was constructed as a grade-separated intersection, such that any car passes through the toll plaza once. As of 2011, the fees were NOK 85 for cars and NOK 270 for trucks. Frequent travellers could prepay for at least 40 passings to the toll company, and receive a 40 percent discount. The tolls were removed in April 2013 since the tunnel got paid off. 482: 439:, which connected to southern Bømlo, remain, but that the other four ferry services be terminated. During late 1989, advance tolling on the ferries was approved by the municipal councils and the county council, who recommended that collection start from 1 July 1990. However, the start date was not supported by the national government and the issue placed on hold. 533:
The tunnel was budgeted to cost NOK 496 million, but ended up costing NOK 487 million. It opened along with the Stord Bridge on 27 December 2000. Six hours before the opening, the bottom of the tunnel was used for a wedding. The toll company held a course for people with fear of tunnels to
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to ensure that the municipal councils had backing in the public. Also Gisle Tjong, a local citizen, opposed the project, stating that the risk was too large and that it was uncertain how long the tolls would last. He argued that the tolls could just as well last 60 as 15 years. Instead, he wanted to
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stated that they would not allow a pontoon bridge, as it would interfere with ship traffic. On 26 June 1987, SBT's board decided to work towards getting permission to collect advance tolls on the ferry services. On 16 September, they unanimously supported the triangular proposal, which was estimated
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and continued along a causeway and low bridge onwards to a 2.2-kilometer-long (1.4 mi) subsea tunnel under Spissøysundet and a low bridge over Gassasundet. In addition, a 7.5-kilometer (4.7 mi) long tunnel would have been built from Føyno to Ulveråker in Sveio. The company Johannes Sørlie
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The Triangle Link was passed by the various municipal councils in February and March 1988. Hordaland Public Roads Administration still supported a pontoon bridge, and stated that two and a half years of work on a master plan had been wasted. A new master plan for the Triangle Link was published in
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representatives stated that they considered suing the state. Work on the development plan started in 1992. It included safety and environmental improvements which increased the project's cost by NOK 200 million, and it was made subject to consultative statements in May 1994. A report on the
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approved advanced payment of tolls on the ferry, which were made effective from 1 January 1993. Ticket prices increased by between NOK 10 and 12. This resulted in protests from the ferry employees who stated that they would have to collect the tolls which would remove their jobs;
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on Digernes as a compromise to avoid developing a new plan which could have postponed the project several years. On 11 June 1996, Parliament decided with 144 against 20 votes to build the Triangle Link. The original name proposed for the tunnel was
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The tunnel runs through an area with complex and varied geology. It runs through two rock complexes, the Halsnøy Basement Rock on the Sveio side, and Hardangerfjord Cover Complex on the Stord side. Both were created during the creation of the
422:. They therefore recommended that the municipalities select a pontoon bridge. Another opponent to the project was the Action Committee Against a Hasty Construction of the Triangle Link, who wanted to delay the decision until after the 554:
The Bømlafjord Tunnel is 7,860 meters (25,790 ft) long and crosses Bømlafjorden as part of European Route E39. To the southeast, the tunnel begins at Dalshovda in Sveio. It runs under Bømlafjord, then passes below the island of
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method. NCC was awarded the contract after bidding NOK 175 million for the job. Construction from Sveio started on 16 September 1997 and from Føyno on 6 March 1998. In all, 625,000 cubic meters (22,100,000 cu ft) of
375:(NOK) and which would have resulted in 18 kilometers (11 mi) of subsea tunnel connecting Bømlo, Stord and the mainland. An inter-municipal committee was positive to the proposals, while Josef Martinsen, director of 456:
Coastal Highway (E39) was published in 1995, which recommended that the Skjersholmane–Valevåg Ferry be removed. Following a dispute regarding the impact of the bridge landing on Stord, SBT proposed building a
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master their fears, with 60 people participating. The official opening took place on 30 April 2001. When it opened, it was the longest and second-deepest subsea tunnel in Europe and Norway, after the
505:. The tunnel construction was awarded to two companies: the contract starting from Dalshovda in Sveio and was worked by the Public Roads Administration, while the tunneling from Føyno was worked by 402:
In December 1986, the Public Roads Administration recommended a bridge. A report published by SBT in 1987 considered detailed plans for a subsea tunnel to the mainland, which was followed up by
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to cost NOK 660 million. This was criticized by Hordaland Public Roads Administration, who stated that it would take a longer time to plan, and thus complete, the Triangle Link.
379:, stated that the project was unrealistic. The limited company Ytre Sunnhordland Bru- og Tunnelselskap AS (SBT) was founded in October 1986 by the municipal authorities of 1357: 1058: 415: 67: 406:
in the fjord. SBT changed its name to Sunnhordland Bru- og Tunnelselskap, and a majority of the board shifted towards being in favor of a fixed link. The
292:. Plans for the tunnel arose in the 1980s; construction started in 1997 and the tunnel opened on 27 December 2000. The tunnel was built using the 1743: 1350: 1051: 1738: 376: 151: 501:. Late core samples showed that the tunnel would have to be located 30 meters (98 ft) further down than originally planned to avoid 1748: 1733: 1723: 1343: 1044: 642: 1067: 407: 359: 994: 423: 452: 396: 1728: 418:, who stated that the road would have a negative impact for local boat traffic to the recreational islands of Føyno and 321: 313: 60: 490: 1224: 1324: 443: 414:
From 1988, environmental groups started opposing the Triangle Link. The most active was the local chapter of the
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method, with two teams building from each end. The tunnel runs through an area composed mostly of
1593: 1578: 1543: 1393: 1229: 1191: 575: 392: 384: 273: 268:. The tunnel is 7.82 kilometers (4.86 mi) long and reaches 260.4 m (854 ft) below 257: 253: 241: 233: 102: 1448: 1418: 1254: 1096: 362:—Engineer Finn Nitter d.e. proposed a fixed link between the two islands. It would have crossed 338:
The background for the Triangle Link was the desire to have a fixed link between the islands of
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Innkreving av bompenger på Trekantsambandet ble avsluttet den 30.04.13 kl 10:00
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from the opening until 30 April 2013. In 2012 the tunnel had an average 4,084
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was extracted. The earthwork from the Føyno side was transported by barge to
82: 69: 567: 527: 519: 317: 289: 1036: 419: 308:. The tunnel was the longest subsea tunnel in Norway until the opening of 1668: 1370: 1296: 607: 599: 591: 560: 301: 261: 249: 112: 1275: 457: 371:
launched an all-tunnel proposal in 1985, estimated to cost 700 million
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and continues under the fjord again before ending on the island of
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and proposals were made to keep a ferry service for such people.
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500 million years ago. The Halsnøy Basement Rock consists of
606:. At the lowest point, the tunnel runs through a section of 467:("The Portal to Sunnhordland"), but this was changed to 485:
Overview of the Triangle Link area as seen from Bømlo
1692: 1646: 1381: 1284: 1268: 1074: 614:. Below the island the tunnel reaches a section of 216: 208: 200: 186: 178: 173: 165: 157: 147: 139: 131: 126: 118: 108: 98: 59: 41: 36: 442:In July 1992, the master plan was passed by the 416:Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature 618:, before it rises again through more phyllite. 468: 462: 566:The Triangle Link was partially financed with 312:. It is still (2013) the deepest point on the 1351: 1052: 8: 19: 1358: 1344: 1336: 1059: 1045: 1037: 489:Geological sampling was undertaken by the 25: 18: 674: 672: 979: 977: 937: 935: 933: 931: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 889: 887: 885: 657: 958: 956: 903: 901: 899: 848: 846: 836: 834: 1019: 698: 696: 377:Hordaland Public Roads Administration 152:Norwegian Public Roads Administration 7: 993:Sunnhordland Bru- og Tunnelselskap. 435:early 1989. It recommended that the 354:. Following the 1982 opening of the 14: 31:Entrance to the tunnel from Sveio 1637: 408:Norwegian Coastal Administration 256:to the mainland at Dalshovda in 997:(in Norwegian). Archived from 679:Trafikkregisteringer Hordaland 637:(in Norwegian). Bergen: Eide. 493:and Grøner, and included both 187: 1: 1744:2000 establishments in Norway 397:Hordaland County Municipality 248:which connects the island of 182:7,820 m (25,660 ft) 1739:European route E39 in Norway 272:. It carries three lanes of 212:−260.4 m (−854 ft) 594:origin. They range between 491:Norwegian Geological Survey 1775: 453:Norwegian Seafarers' Union 331: 204:80 km/h (50 mph) 1749:Tunnels completed in 2000 1635: 24: 1734:Subsea tunnels in Norway 1724:Road tunnels in Vestland 1068:Subsea tunnels in Norway 550:Map of the Triangle Link 424:1991 municipal elections 633:Hauge, Stanley (2001). 446:. On 10 December 1992, 360:subsea tunnel in Norway 635:Under fjord – over flu 582:rock with elements of 551: 522:and used to build the 486: 469: 463: 237: 549: 511:drilling and blasting 499:reflection seismology 484: 437:Langevåg–Buavåg Ferry 294:drilling and blasting 16:Road tunnel in Norway 1297:Hordaland Fixed Link 83:59.72216°N 5.43896°E 1729:Former toll tunnels 1276:Rogaland Fixed Link 464:Sunnhordlandsporten 316:. The tunnel was a 276:and is part of the 79: /  21: 1269:Under construction 995:"Prisar og avtale" 576:Caledonian orogeny 552: 487: 470:Bømlafjordtunnelen 258:Sveio Municipality 254:Stord Municipality 242:subsea road tunnel 238:Bømlafjordtunnelen 1708: 1707: 1333: 1332: 368:suspension bridge 274:European Road E39 230:Bømlafjord Tunnel 226: 225: 135:16 September 1997 88:59.72216; 5.43896 20:Bømlafjord Tunnel 1766: 1641: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1337: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1001:on 15 March 2010 990: 984: 981: 972: 969: 963: 960: 951: 948: 942: 939: 926: 923: 908: 905: 894: 891: 880: 877: 871: 868: 862: 859: 853: 850: 841: 838: 829: 826: 820: 817: 811: 808: 802: 799: 793: 790: 784: 781: 775: 772: 766: 763: 757: 754: 748: 745: 739: 736: 730: 727: 721: 718: 712: 709: 703: 700: 691: 688: 682: 681:Statens Vegvesen 676: 667: 662: 648: 524:Austevoll Bridge 509:. Both used the 472: 466: 444:Council of State 399:and five banks. 322:vehicles per day 209:Lowest elevation 189: 166:Vehicles per day 143:27 December 2000 94: 93: 91: 90: 89: 84: 80: 77: 76: 75: 72: 29: 22: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1704: 1688: 1642: 1633: 1377: 1364: 1334: 1329: 1325:Trondheimsfjord 1311:Møre Fixed Link 1280: 1264: 1070: 1065: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1018: 1014: 1004: 1002: 992: 991: 987: 982: 975: 970: 966: 961: 954: 949: 945: 940: 929: 924: 911: 906: 897: 892: 883: 878: 874: 869: 865: 860: 856: 851: 844: 839: 832: 827: 823: 818: 814: 809: 805: 800: 796: 791: 787: 782: 778: 773: 769: 764: 760: 755: 751: 746: 742: 737: 733: 728: 724: 719: 715: 710: 706: 701: 694: 689: 685: 677: 670: 663: 659: 645: 632: 624: 544: 479: 429:fear of tunnels 404:seismic surveys 373:Norwegian krone 336: 330: 284:which connects 201:Operating speed 87: 85: 81: 78: 73: 70: 68: 66: 65: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1772: 1770: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 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438: 432: 430: 425: 421: 417: 412: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 335: 334:Triangle Link 327: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 278:Triangle Link 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 193: 185: 181: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 125: 121: 117: 114: 111: 107: 104: 101: 97: 92: 64: 62: 58: 55: 51: 47: 44: 40: 35: 28: 23: 1710: 1509:Kvernhushaug 1408: 1367:Road tunnels 1106: 1027: 1015: 1003:. Retrieved 999:the original 988: 967: 946: 875: 866: 857: 824: 815: 806: 797: 788: 779: 770: 761: 752: 743: 734: 725: 716: 707: 686: 660: 634: 627:Bibliography 572: 565: 553: 536:Hitra Tunnel 532: 495:core samples 488: 477:Construction 441: 433: 413: 401: 356:Vardø Tunnel 337: 286:Sunnhordland 246:Bømlafjorden 229: 227: 169:4,974 (2016) 1700:Old Dyrskar 1594:Stongafjell 1579:Skatestraum 1394:Austmannali 1307:Moss–Horten 1250:Tromsøysund 1245:Sløverfjord 1230:Skatestraum 1210:Nordøyvegen 1192:Mastrafjord 588:sedimentary 580:Precambrian 358:—the first 352:Stokksundet 86: / 61:Coordinates 1718:Categories 1659:Cross Link 1609:Trengereid 1519:Løvstakken 1459:Folgefonna 1409:Bømlafjord 1292:Cross Link 1215:North Cape 1205:Nappstraum 1201:Melkøysund 1122:Fannefjord 1107:Bømlafjord 1031:Hauge: 158 1020:Hauge 2001 983:Hauge: 157 941:Hauge: 109 925:Hauge: 108 893:Hauge: 156 622:References 616:greenstone 448:Parliament 306:greenstone 282:fixed link 132:Work begun 71:59°43′20″N 1674:Korsfjord 1664:Fedjefast 1629:Åkrafjord 1614:Trollkone 1599:Storegjel 1569:Seljestad 1559:Rullestad 1494:Jernfjell 1454:Fløyfjell 1302:Langfjord 1220:Oslofjord 1137:Freifjord 1132:Flekkerøy 1117:Ellingsøy 1005:31 August 971:Hauge: 15 962:Hauge: 90 950:Hauge: 88 907:Hauge: 67 879:Hauge: 68 870:Hauge: 64 861:Hauge: 62 852:Hauge: 60 840:Hauge: 59 828:Hauge: 47 819:Hauge: 46 810:Hauge: 45 801:Hauge: 44 792:Hauge: 52 783:Hauge: 51 774:Hauge: 49 765:Hauge: 42 756:Hauge: 40 747:Hauge: 39 738:Hauge: 38 729:Hauge: 37 720:Hauge: 36 711:Hauge: 35 702:Hauge: 34 690:Hauge: 32 520:Austevoll 516:earthwork 318:toll road 290:Haugaland 234:Norwegian 174:Technical 127:Operation 122:Dalshovda 74:5°26′20″E 1669:Hordfast 1647:Proposed 1624:Vallavik 1619:Tunsberg 1589:Stavenes 1584:Stalheim 1539:Naustdal 1529:Masfjord 1469:Gudvanga 1449:Fjærland 1424:Eidfjord 1419:Damsgård 1389:Arnanipa 1373:county, 1371:Vestland 1285:Proposed 1255:Valderøy 1197:Maursund 1187:Kvalsund 1097:Bjørvika 612:Otterøya 608:phyllite 600:mylonite 592:magmatic 586:of both 557:Otterøya 503:deposits 328:Planning 302:phyllite 264:county, 262:Vestland 148:Operator 42:Location 37:Overview 1684:Skansen 1524:Markhus 1479:Haukeli 1474:Halsnøy 1434:Eikefet 1429:Eidsvåg 1414:Dalseid 1382:Current 1320:Sundsøy 1240:Ryfylke 1225:Skansen 1172:Ibestad 1162:Hundvåg 1152:Halsnøy 1112:Eiksund 1102:Byfjord 1087:Bjarkøy 1075:Current 458:culvert 350:across 240:) is a 1693:Closed 1679:Nyborg 1564:Røldal 1554:Risnes 1549:Olsvik 1514:Lærdal 1504:Knappe 1499:Jondal 1489:Hyving 1464:Frudal 1404:Bortne 1399:Bjorøy 1375:Norway 1182:Knappe 1177:Karmøy 1167:Hvaler 1127:Finnøy 1092:Bjorøy 641:  604:gabbro 584:gneiss 528:gunite 420:Nautøy 389:Fitjar 298:gneiss 266:Norway 244:under 179:Length 140:Opened 54:Norway 1759:Sveio 1754:Stord 1574:Sivle 1484:Horda 1444:Fjæra 1439:Eikås 1315:Sotra 1260:Vardø 1157:Hitra 1147:Godøy 1142:Frøya 653:Notes 568:tolls 561:Føyno 393:Sveio 385:Stord 381:Bømlo 366:on a 344:Bømlo 340:Stord 250:Føyno 218:Grade 192:lanes 113:Føyno 109:Start 99:Route 50:Stord 46:Sveio 1654:Arna 1544:Nipe 1534:Måbø 1007:2011 639:ISBN 590:and 497:and 391:and 342:and 304:and 280:, a 228:The 158:Toll 48:and 1369:in 1235:Rya 598:to 507:NCC 288:to 260:in 252:in 190:of 188:No. 119:End 103:E39 1720:: 976:^ 955:^ 930:^ 912:^ 898:^ 884:^ 845:^ 833:^ 695:^ 671:^ 538:. 530:. 473:. 395:, 387:, 383:, 324:. 300:, 236:: 222:9% 161:No 52:, 1359:e 1352:t 1345:v 1060:e 1053:t 1046:v 1009:. 647:. 232:( 196:3

Index


Sveio
Stord
Norway
Coordinates
59°43′20″N 5°26′20″E / 59.72216°N 5.43896°E / 59.72216; 5.43896
E39
Føyno
Norwegian Public Roads Administration
lanes
Grade
Norwegian
subsea road tunnel
Bømlafjorden
Føyno
Stord Municipality
Sveio Municipality
Vestland
Norway
mean sea level
European Road E39
Triangle Link
fixed link
Sunnhordland
Haugaland
drilling and blasting
gneiss
phyllite
greenstone
Karmøytunnelen

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