1341:
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1721:(Vietnam ceased to be a French protectorate, ceremony at Saigon City Hall with Emperor Bao Dai and the Commissioner of the Republic, Mr Pignon.) Published: 1950. Quote: "Au cours d'une cérémonie qui s'est déroulée à l'hôtel de ville de Saigon, S.M. l'empereur Bao Daï et le haut commisaire de la République M. Pignon, ont signé la coxcation pour l'application des accords du 8 mars 1949, qui transfère au Vietnam, indépendant au sein de l'Union française, les pouvoies drenus par la France et remet au souverain le contrôle de l'administracion.". (in
1289:. This decree also meant that the treasury of the Nguyễn dynasty was abolished and all finances to be directly managed by the French. The resident-superior was assisted by various agencies such as the Tokin Protectorate Council, the Tokin Chamber of Commerce, the Tonkin Chamber of Agriculture, and the House of People's Representatives. Despite its name the House of People's Representatives was not democratically elected but was composed of appointed Vietnamese elites and it only discussed issues related to taxation rather than legislation.
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1285:, issued a decree that established a central bank for the entirety of French Indochina and that this bank would set the federal French Indochinese budget, on the same day the French president issued a decree that established a budget for the government of Tonkin. Furthermore, the French president also decreed that the budget of Tonkin would be financed through direct tax revenue collected in the territory as opposed to only
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1030:(in the south). These territories were fairly arbitrary in their geographic extent as the vast majority of the Vietnamese regarded their country as a single land and minor resistance to French rule continued over the next 70 years to achieve an independent state. Annam and Tonkin were originally a single entity, the
1340:
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changes have further weakened the influence of the native government." Formally the four protectorates of French
Indochina were ruled by their respective monarchs, but in fact the protectorates were all under the close control of the French senior residents. As the governor-general of French Indochina
1260:
French colony despite being a protectorate on paper. The
British Naval Intelligence Division wrote during World War II that "at first the native political organization was maintained, but in 1897 the office of the viceroy, representing the king of Annam in Tonkin, was abolished, and since then other
2005:"Nhà Nguyễn và những tháng 7 biến động. – Phải chăng tháng 7 với triều Nguyễn là một sự trùng hợp, khi Pháp mở đầu cuộc tấn công 1/9/1885 (nhằm vào 24/7/1858 âm lịch) và trận chiến đấu cuối cùng dưới sự lãnh đạo của triều đình nhà Nguyễn cũng diễn ra vào 5/7/1885"
1605:
1136:
French colonial administration lasted until March 9, 1945, during
Japanese occupation (1941–1945). Although French administration was allowed during Japanese occupation as a puppet government, Japan briefly took full control of Vietnam in March 1945 under the
186:
1300:
cantons, and communes. Local administration was in the hands of
Vietnamese mandarins, although they were appointed by the resident rather than the emperor as in Annam. The smallest unit of administration, the commune, was overseen by two councils: the
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225:
196:
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stated: "The King reigns but the
Resident superior rules." The effective power in the protectorate was in the hands of the resident-superior with both the monarch and the local high officials playing a subordinate role to his office.
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during this period. At the end of the war, the north of
Vietnam (including Tonkin) saw a sphere of influence by China while the south was briefly occupied by the British for French forces to regroup and regain control.
1097:
linking Hanoi to Saigon. Under French economic plans, mines yielding gold, silver, and tin as well as the farming of rice, corn, and tea powered Tonkin's economy. The imports included rice, iron goods, flour, wine,
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composed of important officials and representatives from the chambers of agriculture and commerce, assisted the resident in performing his duties. There was also an advisory council made up of
Vietnamese.
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2558:
1110:
missionary activity resulted in almost 10% of the population identifying as
Catholic by the 1940s. Prominent buildings in Hanoi were also constructed during the period of French rule, such as the
4802:
4168:
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1231:
867:
385:
5150:
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for export throughout the French Empire. French cultural influence on Tonkin was also significant as French became the primary language of education, government, trade and media and heavy
3010:
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Tonkin was administered by a French resident similar to those in Annam, Laos, and
Cambodia, but he had much greater authority because of the absence of any indigenous administration. A
5027:
1569:
1236:
2807:
3615:
5155:
3003:
1400:
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2800:
5012:
3864:
2307:
1131:
4795:
2494:
5007:
105:
3744:
2322:
1863:
1317:), a French resident-minister, who was also assisted by a number of different agencies such as the Resident-Minister's Office, the Provincial Council, etc.
4473:
4438:
4061:
1719:
Le
Vietnam à cessé d'être protectorat français cérémonie à l'hôtel de ville de Saïgon avec l'empereur Bao Daï et le commissaire de la République M. Pignon
5145:
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126:
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984:
152:
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2008:
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2520:
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1415:
4413:
914:
532:
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1431:
1022:
During the French colonial administration, Vietnam was administratively divided into three different territories: Tonkin (in the north),
870:
both the representative of the French colonial administration and the Nguyễn dynasty court in Huế, giving him the power to appoint local
3439:
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2826:
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3601:
151:
1406:
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5160:
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1834:
1807:
1089:. Cities in Tonkin saw significant infrastructure and economic development under the French, such as the development of the port of
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4648:
4576:
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Hanoi and Haiphong had municipal councils appointed by the governor-general of Indochina. Each province was headed by "Công sứ" (
1127:
4114:
2035:
1158:'s strong opposition to colonialism and commitment to support the Viet Minh. However, after the Japanese withdrew from Vietnam,
236:
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2084:
2004:
1163:
1115:
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2129:
5125:
4719:
4638:
4478:
4357:
4137:
4046:
4024:
3254:
2213:
1545:
244:
4505:
4222:
3776:
2124:
4019:
3353:
2867:
2428:
5017:
4510:
4317:
4282:
1737:
4714:
4606:
4596:
4352:
4327:
4312:
4302:
3902:
3645:
3434:
3109:
3096:
2353:
2172:
2162:
1756:
The Indochinese Experience of the French, and the Americans, Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
1051:
1023:
1000:
928:
before being returned to France. After eliminating virtually all nationalist oppositions, the communist-led Việt Minh
925:
845:
4463:
3836:
3471:
2448:
2208:
2134:
1617:
1240:
The 1939 Vietnamese language edition of Tonkin's official government bulletin shows the overlapping authority of the
4581:
4232:
4187:
1849:
Pierre Brocheux and Daniel Hémery, Indochine : la colonisation ambiguë 1858–1954, La Découverte, 2004, p. 78-81
1050:), who acted under French supervision. On May 9, 1889, the Résidence supérieure of Annam-Tonkin was abolished, with
936:. The French legally maintained the protectorate until they formally signed over sovereignty to the Bảo Đại and the
4899:
4709:
4586:
4520:
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4418:
4262:
4014:
3831:
3771:
3675:
2779:
2484:
2272:
2252:
2218:
1960:
1453:
615:
350:
320:
4785:
4591:
4267:
3214:
2114:
5135:
4237:
3869:
3358:
3219:
2982:
2408:
2383:
2267:
2077:
1912:
1858:
1142:
1016:
974:
4959:
4953:
4941:
4681:
4535:
4242:
4092:
2378:
2373:
2363:
1557:
970:
966:
886:
506:
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211:
4347:
4342:
4307:
4257:
4097:
3781:
3247:
3201:
2700:
1766:
354:
97:
4686:
4658:
4287:
2418:
1533:
91:
4556:
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1509:
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4935:
4525:
4197:
4071:
3751:
2479:
2413:
2368:
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2332:
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2257:
1209:
4571:
4561:
5052:
4515:
4443:
3173:
3026:
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2536:
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2119:
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978:
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4207:
1521:
453:
5130:
4179:
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3333:
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2857:
1155:
871:
316:
1054:
and Tonkin being separated in two Résidences supérieures, each subordinated to the governor-general of
5037:
3958:
1035:
4790:
4530:
4483:
4453:
4129:
2433:
2337:
2287:
2228:
1758:
1714:
1167:
941:
558:
111:
4873:
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4337:
4292:
4192:
5002:
4458:
4423:
4277:
4147:
4041:
3982:
3934:
3826:
3529:
3348:
2852:
2685:
2646:
2590:
2423:
2327:
1699:
1278:
1249:
1191:
1179:
1103:
929:
882:
312:
61:
4807:
4601:
4272:
3796:
3639:
3624:
1071:
849:
649:
4812:
4493:
4202:
3928:
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3739:
3194:
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3053:
2959:
2946:
2877:
2675:
2626:
2618:
2152:
1980:
1151:
1102:
and cotton goods. Industrialization later led to the opening of factories producing textiles and
1027:
898:
866:). However, on 26 July 1897, the position of Viceroy was abolished, officially making the French
4396:
4297:
2038:. Vietnam Law and Legal Forum magazine, Vietnam News Agency – Your gateway to the law of Vietnam
4212:
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1694:
ThS. Hà Văn Huề, ThS. Nguyễn Thị Thu Hường, ThS. Đoàn Thị Thu Thuỷ, PGS.TS Nguyễn Công Việt –
1138:
1111:
1107:
910:
890:
734:
681:
374:
338:
324:
3946:
3712:
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4704:
4367:
4109:
3786:
3761:
3515:
3485:
3343:
3083:
3048:
2728:
2489:
2223:
2187:
2100:
1972:
1593:
1241:
1225:
1205:
1086:
1055:
1011:(then considered a crucial foothold in Southeast Asia and a key to the Chinese market), was
937:
875:
841:
328:
290:
5042:
4764:
3964:
3940:
3717:
1629:
1581:
1063:
4829:
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2658:
2443:
2297:
2240:
2233:
1867:
1722:
1012:
1004:
962:
958:
932:
over control of the territory. In 1948, Tonkin and Annam were officially merged under the
894:
610:
480:
142:
47:
4227:
1196:
As the French sought to establish a coherent government in Vietnam as an alternative to
819:
71:
4031:
3521:
3461:
3455:
3058:
2909:
2900:
2862:
2738:
2663:
2631:
2598:
2458:
1698:. – Năm xuất bản : 2013 Nhà xuất bản : (NXB Hà Nội Cuốn sách). Page 112. (in
1469:
1282:
469:
5047:
3916:
3841:
5099:
3510:
3416:
3383:
3303:
3158:
2751:
2668:
2641:
2453:
1984:
1213:
717:
3791:
3722:
3189:
3043:
3035:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2636:
2177:
1674:
1286:
1248:, with French public laws and official decisions as well statements by the emperor
1147:
992:
902:
837:
667:
342:
205:
4986:
4739:
1154:, stated an intention to hand the region back to French rule, a sharp contrast to
223:
150:
4653:
3952:
3373:
2921:
2708:
1197:
1159:
1059:
988:
1976:
1208:, following the reunification with Cochinchina. After the French defeat at the
3970:
3572:
3323:
3313:
3308:
2895:
2834:
1998:
1996:
1994:
5081:
5068:
2029:
2027:
2025:
852:, but in 1886, the French separated Tonkin from the Nguyễn imperial court in
561:
by the French, formally recognising the end of the protectorate over Vietnam
4051:
3999:
3668:
3578:
1175:
906:
807:
752:
699:
4883:
2756:
2059:
1902:
1900:
1898:
4919:
3910:
3068:
2905:
2885:
2505:
1946:
1090:
1003:
and French influence in the Indochina Peninsula strengthened. During the
3593:
1911:. 1914-1918-online – International Encyclopedie of the First World War (
1346:
Girls study tailoring in colonial school (Ecole Normale d'Institutrices)
1334:
Girls study chemistry in colonial school (Ecole Normale d'Institutrices)
853:
3566:
3318:
2954:
2890:
2746:
2690:
1762:
1047:
795:
361:
1370:
Girls study drawing in colonial school (Ecole Normale d'Institutrices)
889:, ending the French protectorates over Annam and Tonkin, creating the
17:
4626:
2931:
2842:
2651:
1658:
1422:
1008:
996:
346:
284:
1358:
Girls study maths in colonial school (Ecole Normale d'Institutrices)
2069:
3073:
2964:
2318:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
2034:
Pham Diem (State and Law Research Institute) (February 24, 2011).
1965:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1437:
1235:
1099:
1082:
919:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
799:
301:
3880:
Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
3597:
3404:
3281:
3243:
2999:
2796:
2554:
2509:
2073:
3740:
Nguyễn dynasty's persecution of Catholics in the 19th century
995:
and later colonised the southern third of Vietnam including
1664:
List of administrators of the French protectorate of Tonkin
1232:
List of administrators of the French protectorate of Tonkin
2036:"The state structure in French-ruled Vietnam (1858–1945)"
1860:
L'Indochine française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
1710:
1708:
5028:
Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking
1781:"Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam: Chặng đường 80 năm vẻ vang"
4110:
Names of the Nguyễn dynasty state (Việt Nam / Đại Nam)
1085:
was made capital of Tonkin and, in 1901, of the whole
1829:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–63, 81–85.
1256:
Tonkin was a component of French Indochina. It was a
1216:
was formed, consisting of Tonkin and northern Annam.
1034:
of Annam-Tonkin. On June 3, 1886, the Nguyễn emperor
1802:. University of California Press. pp. 405–406.
1292:
Tonkin was made up of 23 provinces, subdivided into
4995:
4969:
4928:
4912:
4892:
4861:
4828:
4821:
4778:
4732:
4697:
4674:
4667:
4619:
4549:
4389:
4380:
4177:
4156:
4128:
4080:
3992:
3901:
3892:
3857:
3760:
3697:
3690:
3632:
3494:
3433:
3415:
3372:
3332:
3292:
3236:
3182:
3130:
3082:
3034:
2945:
2876:
2833:
2737:
2699:
2617:
2589:
2543:
2467:
2397:
2346:
2196:
2143:
2107:
791:
606:
592:
582:
573:
555:
542:
529:
516:
503:
490:
476:
464:
447:
437:
422:
408:
398:
384:
370:
360:
334:
307:
297:
279:
34:
1212:in Western Tonkin in 1954, the Communist state of
5151:1883 establishments in the French colonial empire
985:helping to unify Vietnam under the Nguyen dynasty
27:1883–1948 French protectorate in northern Vietnam
1739:GDP of North and South Vietnam from 1800 to 1970
1074:still nominally reigned over Tonkin; it was now
861:
251:
242:
53:
1943:Cambodia. The Cultivation of a Nation 1860–1945
1800:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
1741:, Davis, University of California, January 2000
1678:plant named after the place where it was found.
5013:Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1779:Việt Nam, Hội Khuyến học (November 17, 2011).
4796:Confucian court examination system in Vietnam
3609:
3255:
3011:
2808:
2566:
2521:
2085:
1750:
1748:
1019:, all of Vietnam was governed by the French.
1007:(1884–85), the northernmost part of Vietnam,
8:
2323:French Permanent Military Tribunal in Saigon
1309:with the authority to veto decisions of the
124:
39:
2204:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (1777–1820)
1038:delegated all of his powers in Tonkin to a
5156:1948 disestablishments in French Indochina
4825:
4671:
4386:
4037:House of People's Representatives of Annam
3898:
3694:
3616:
3602:
3594:
3447:
3412:
3401:
3289:
3278:
3262:
3248:
3240:
3018:
3004:
2996:
2815:
2801:
2793:
2573:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2528:
2514:
2506:
2092:
2078:
2070:
1491:Administrative divisions of Tonkin in 1929
1204:, which was replaced the next year by the
999:in 1867. Central Vietnam later became the
848:, Tonkin was still nominally ruled by the
268:
31:
4803:Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted
2183:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
1961:"Indo-China: Eighty Years of French Rule"
1907:Claire Thi Liên Trân (January 11, 2022).
1733:
1731:
1202:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
934:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
856:by establishing the office of "Viceroy" (
771:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
546:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
5008:Economy of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1884
3865:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
2308:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
1132:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
4808:Société d’Enseignement Mutuel du Tonkin
1687:
1669:List of French possessions and colonies
1481:
1324:
874:. In 1887, Tonkin became a part of the
572:
274:Administrative divisions of Tonkin 1920
5111:Former countries in Vietnamese history
4760:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
2003:Thu Nhuần (tổng hợp) (July 28, 2016).
4982:Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam
3817:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
3807:History of Vietnam during World War I
2303:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
1892:Naval Intelligence Division, 203–204.
1200:, Tonkin was merged in 1948 into the
1058:. On July 26, 1897, Governor-General
591:
581:
577:
554:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
485:
446:
436:
432:
421:
407:
397:
393:
383:
7:
2495:Governor-General of French Indochina
1696:Ấn chương trên Châu bản triều Nguyễn
1162:proclaimed the establishment of the
2978:French colonization of the Americas
1026:(in the centre), and the colony of
924:Tonkin was briefly occupied by the
4474:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)
4439:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834)
1141:and Tonkin became the site of the
25:
5146:1948 disestablishments in Vietnam
4536:Uprising of the Nghệ-Tĩnh soviets
4434:Anouvong's Rebellion against Siam
3728:Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam
4770:Woodblocks of the Nguyễn Dynasty
4409:Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia
4010:Court of Imperial Entertainments
3849:French Indochina in World War II
3681:
3674:
3667:
2258:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901-1936)
2058:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1461:
1454:French Governor-General's Palace
1445:
1430:
1414:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1246:government of the Nguyễn dynasty
1128:French Indochina in World War II
991:began its heavy presence in the
775:
757:
743:
710:
692:
674:
660:
642:
257:
221:
148:
104:
90:
4970:Orders, decorations, and medals
4414:Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)
4402:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
3472:French domains of the Holy Land
915:abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty
533:Abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty
217:"The Emperor Mounts His Throne"
132:"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
5141:1883 establishments in Vietnam
4620:Special administrative regions
3467:French domains of Saint Helena
2584:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
2475:Paris Foreign Missions Society
2229:Cochinchina campaign (1858–62)
1959:Handler, Joseph (March 1943).
1921:Deutsch-Französische Gymnasium
1425:officer in Tonkin, spring 1885
1314:
1242:French colonial administration
1178:and France broke out into the
1164:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1116:Hanoi University of Technology
1043:
857:
833:
824:
722:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
404:Paulin François Alexandre Vial
252:
67:
1:
4479:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
4047:Imperial Household Department
4025:Office of the National Altars
3745:Tự Đức's Catholic persecution
3646:French protectorates of Annam
2214:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
2065:French protectorate of Tonkin
112:Seal of the Resident-Superior
5106:Tonkin (French protectorate)
4550:Prominent military personnel
4506:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
4020:Court of Imperial Sacrifices
3202:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
2429:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
2253:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
2209:Lê Văn Khôi revolt (1833–35)
1001:French protectorate of Annam
897:puppet state. Following the
846:French protectorate of Annam
127:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4632:Principality of Thuận Thành
4115:Seals of the Nguyễn dynasty
3442: and Antarctic Lands
2354:Treaty of Versailles (1787)
2298:French–Thai War (1940–1941)
2241:Sino-French War (1884–1885)
2234:Tonkin campaign (1883–1886)
1305:and the mandarin-dominated
868:resident-superior of Tonkin
557:• Ratification of the
5177:
4900:French Indochinese piastre
4469:Cambodian rebellion (1840)
4419:Cambodian rebellion (1820)
4015:Court of the Imperial Stud
3832:Communist Party of Vietnam
3772:French conquest of Vietnam
3663:
2485:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
2219:French conquest of Vietnam
1977:10.1177/000271624322600113
1826:The Vietnam War Reexamined
1229:
1223:
1189:
1125:
1078:under direct French rule.
956:
940:in 1950 after signing the
616:French Indochinese piastre
321:Southwestern Tai languages
4130:Provincial administration
3993:Ministries & agencies
3870:Vietnamese famine of 1945
3555:
3450:
3411:
3400:
3359:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3288:
3277:
3220:French East India Company
3210:
2995:
2983:French West India Company
2973:
2792:
2765:
2550:
2409:Pierre Pigneau de Behaine
2384:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
2268:1916 Cochinchina uprising
2130:France–Thailand relations
2009:Bảo tàng Lịch sử Quốc gia
1913:Free University of Berlin
1909:"Indochina (Version 1.0)"
1866:February 5, 2012, at the
1823:Kort, Michael G. (2017).
1551:Tonkin in the early 1900s
1174:and conflict between the
1143:Vietnamese Famine of 1945
1095:Trans-Indochinois Railway
975:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
621:
602:
578:
569:
486:
460:
433:
418:
394:
289:Constituent territory of
267:
234:
216:
137:
120:
86:
79:
5161:History of North Vietnam
4668:Palaces & mausoleums
4449:Nông Văn Vân's Rebellion
4429:Phan Bá Vành's Rebellion
4005:Court of Judicial Review
3782:Great Hanoi Rat Massacre
3498: the Indian Ocean
2449:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
2389:Geneva Conference (1954)
2125:France–Vietnam relations
1767:Indiana University Press
1675:Petelotiella tonkinensis
1172:reoccupied by the French
1093:and construction of the
239:of the Viceroy of Tonkin
5116:Former colonies in Asia
5023:Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi
4755:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
4639:Principality of Hà Tiên
4198:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
3812:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
3406:Uninhabited territories
2917:Saint Kitts & Nevis
2480:Tirailleurs indochinois
2414:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
2369:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
2359:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
2333:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
2224:Siege of Tourane (1858)
1870:, Jean-Philippe Liardet
1798:Marr, David G. (2013).
1210:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
930:clashed with the French
544:• Creation of the
379:colonial administration
5121:Former French colonies
5053:Vietnamese nationalism
4745:Đại Nam nhất thống chí
4516:Pacification of Tonkin
4444:Nduai Kabait rebellion
3822:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
3762:French protectorate(s)
3336: collectivities
3174:Sanjak of Alexandretta
3027:Former French colonies
2824:Former French colonies
2582:Former French colonies
2537:French overseas empire
2246:Pacification of Tonkin
2135:France–China relations
2120:French colonial empire
1917:Bavarian State Library
1271:conseil du protectorat
1253:
979:Pacification of Tonkin
862:
243:
125:
54:
40:
36:Protectorate of Tonkin
4786:Imperial Academy, Huế
4733:Society & culture
4157:French administration
4062:Ministry of Education
3875:Abdication of Bảo Đại
3283:Inhabited territories
3215:France–Asia relations
2770:Somaliland (Djibouti)
2419:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
2115:France–Asia relations
2067:at Wikimedia Commons
1239:
1156:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1013:invaded by the French
926:Chinese National Army
881:In 1945, the emperor
443:Nguyễn Hữu Độ (first)
317:Central Tai languages
308:Common languages
41:Protectorat du Tonkin
5126:Former protectorates
5082:21.0000°N 106.0000°E
5018:House of Nguyễn Phúc
4791:Imperial examination
4682:Imperial City of Huế
4526:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
4521:Thái Nguyên uprising
4511:Yên Thế Insurrection
4484:Cochinchina campaign
3561:overseas departments
3496:Scattered Islands in
3377: collectivity
2835:French North America
2379:Treaty of Huế (1884)
2374:Treaty of Huế (1883)
2364:Treaty of Huế (1863)
2338:Partition of Vietnam
2278:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
2273:Thái Nguyên uprising
1277:On 31 July 1898 the
1081:During French rule,
1066:abolish the post of
1032:Résidence supérieure
971:Treaty of Huế (1884)
967:Treaty of Huế (1883)
840:encompassing modern
5078: /
5003:Domain of the Crown
4893:Colonial currencies
4848:Khải Định Thông Bảo
4705:Thien Tho Mausoleum
4459:Ja Thak Wa uprising
4454:Katip Sumat's Jihad
4424:Ja Lidong rebellion
4042:Imperial Clan Court
3827:Le Travail movement
3698:Sovereign Việt Nam
3530:Juan de Nova Island
3417:North Pacific Ocean
3029:in Asia and Oceania
2424:Charles de Montigny
2328:First Indochina War
2283:Bazin assassination
1563:Tonkin in the 1880s
1470:black-painted teeth
1407:Capture of Nam Định
1279:president of France
1192:First Indochina War
1180:First Indochina War
520:Japanese occupation
426:(Viceroy of Tonkin)
4813:Tonkin Free School
4649:Thủy Xá and Hỏa Xá
4494:Garnier Expedition
4464:Lê Văn Khôi revolt
4223:Michael Hồ Đình Hy
4203:Jean Marie Despiau
3435:Overseas territory
2960:France Antarctique
2947:Equinoctial France
2910:Dominican Republic
1515:1899 map of Tonkin
1468:Tonkin woman with
1382:Bedrooms at school
1254:
1170:. Hanoi was later
1152:Potsdam Conference
1017:Treaty of Tientsin
899:surrender of Japan
876:Union of Indochina
5087:21.0000; 106.0000
5061:
5060:
4908:
4907:
4853:Bảo Đại Thông Bảo
4728:
4727:
4644:Sip Song Chau Tai
4615:
4614:
4607:Trương Minh Giảng
4597:Nguyễn Tri Phương
4541:August Revolution
4376:
4375:
4353:Trương Minh Giảng
4303:Nguyễn Tri Phương
4120:Vietnamese dragon
3888:
3887:
3802:Hanoi Poison Plot
3752:Văn Thân movement
3735:Citadel of Saigon
3656:Empire of Vietnam
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3486:Amsterdam Islands
3477:Kerguelen Islands
3425:Clipperton Island
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3364:Wallis and Futuna
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3132:Mandate for Syria
3122:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
3084:Indochinese Union
2991:
2990:
2788:
2787:
2701:Equatorial Africa
2503:
2502:
2313:August Revolution
2063:Media related to
2007:(in Vietnamese).
1987:– via SAGE.
1715:Le Monde illustré
1539:Tonkin, 1889–1895
1527:Tonkin, 1889–1895
1139:Empire of Vietnam
1112:Hanoi Opera House
913:which led to the
911:August Revolution
891:Empire of Vietnam
813:
812:
787:
786:
783:
782:
739:Empire of Vietnam
727:
726:
686:Sip Song Chau Tai
654:Empire of Đại Nam
449:• 1890–1897
439:• 1883–1885
410:• 1947–1948
386:Resident-Superior
375:Absolute monarchy
339:Mahayana Buddhism
325:Hmongic languages
245:Khâm sai đại thần
226:
199:
98:Protectorate flag
16:(Redirected from
5168:
5136:Hong River Delta
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
4838:Tự Đức Thông Bảo
4826:
4750:Đại Nam thực lục
4672:
4582:Nguyễn Văn Thành
4577:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức
4390:Battles and wars
4387:
4368:Philippe Vannier
4363:Nguyễn Văn Tường
4253:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức
4248:Nguyễn Trường Tộ
4188:Bạch Xuân Nguyên
4164:Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ
4103:Provincial flags
3899:
3787:Hanoi Exhibition
3765:(Pháp thuộc, 法屬)
3695:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3595:
3516:Glorioso Islands
3497:
3448:
3441:
3437:
3413:
3402:
3376:
3349:Saint Barthélemy
3344:French Polynesia
3335:
3295:
3290:
3279:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3049:Coromandel Coast
3020:
3013:
3006:
2997:
2878:French Caribbean
2858:Terre Neuve
2817:
2810:
2803:
2794:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2490:Tonkinese Rifles
2188:State of Vietnam
2101:French Indochina
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1956:
1950:
1941:Edwards, Penny:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1904:
1893:
1890:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1770:
1769:, 2001. Page 23.
1754:Dommen, Arthur.
1752:
1743:
1735:
1726:
1712:
1703:
1692:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1465:
1449:
1434:
1418:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1316:
1226:French Indochina
1206:State of Vietnam
1087:French Indochina
1056:French Indochina
1046:, equivalent of
1045:
938:State of Vietnam
887:Patenôtre Treaty
865:
859:
842:Northern Vietnam
836:), was a French
835:
827:
826:
779:
778:
769:
761:
760:
747:
746:
737:
731:
730:
720:
714:
713:
702:
696:
695:
684:
678:
677:
664:
663:
652:
646:
645:
639:
638:
623:
622:
507:Patenôtre Treaty
329:Mienic languages
291:French Indochina
283:Protectorate of
272:
261:
255:
254:
249:
228:
227:
218:
201:
200:
130:
108:
94:
82:1946–1948 (1950)
69:
65:
57:
55:Xứ bảo hộ Bắc Kỳ
51:
43:
32:
21:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5096:
5095:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5057:
4991:
4965:
4924:
4904:
4888:
4857:
4817:
4774:
4724:
4710:Khiêm Mausoleum
4693:
4663:
4611:
4592:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn
4572:Nguyễn Cư Trinh
4545:
4499:Sino-French War
4489:Tonkin campaign
4372:
4328:Tôn Thất Thuyết
4313:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
4298:Phan Thanh Liêm
4293:Phan Thanh Giản
4288:Phan Đình Phùng
4268:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn
4173:
4169:Thống sứ Bắc Kỳ
4152:
4124:
4076:
3988:
3884:
3858:Japanese period
3853:
3764:
3756:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3640:Sovereign state
3628:
3622:
3592:
3583:
3565:Claimed by the
3539:
3535:Tromelin Island
3506:Bassas da India
3490:
3440:French Southern
3429:
3407:
3388:
3368:
3328:
3296: regions
3284:
3273:
3271:Overseas France
3268:
3224:
3206:
3178:
3164:Greater Lebanon
3134:and the Lebanon
3133:
3126:
3078:
3030:
3024:
2987:
2969:
2941:
2872:
2829:
2827:in the Americas
2821:
2784:
2761:
2733:
2695:
2613:
2585:
2579:
2539:
2534:
2504:
2499:
2463:
2444:Francis Garnier
2402:
2400:
2393:
2342:
2192:
2145:
2139:
2103:
2098:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1923:, among others)
1906:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1874:
1868:Wayback Machine
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1822:
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1371:
1368:
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1347:
1344:
1335:
1332:
1323:
1263:Pierre Pasquier
1234:
1228:
1222:
1194:
1188:
1134:
1126:Main articles:
1124:
1005:Sino-French War
981:
963:Sino-French war
959:Tonkin campaign
955:
950:
823:
802:
798:
776:
770:
767:
758:
744:
738:
735:
721:
718:
711:
703:
700:
693:
685:
682:
675:
661:
653:
650:
643:
614:
611:Vietnamese cash
595:
585:
562:
548:
535:
522:
509:
496:
481:New Imperialism
450:
440:
411:
401:
353:
349:
345:
341:
288:
275:
262:
256:
250:
241:
230:
229:
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214:
202:
149:
146:
143:La Marseillaise
133:
116:
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114:
109:
101:
100:
95:
81:
75:
66:
59:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5174:
5172:
5164:
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5158:
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5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5098:
5097:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5033:Thoại Hà Canal
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
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4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
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4930:
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4916:
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4910:
4909:
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4905:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4862:Currency units
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4843:Tự Đức Bảo Sao
4840:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4676:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4659:Trấn Tây Thành
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4587:Nguyễn Văn Tồn
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Yên Bái mutiny
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4393:
4391:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:Trương Tấn Bửu
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Trần Trọng Kim
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Thoại Ngọc Hầu
4315:
4310:
4308:Thân Văn Nhiếp
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Phạm Thận Duật
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Nguyễn Văn Tồn
4260:
4258:Nguyễn Văn Tâm
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4208:Hoàng Cao Khải
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3704:thời độc lập,
3692:
3688:
3687:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3643:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3625:Nguyễn dynasty
3623:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3559:Also known as
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:Banc du Geyser
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Crozet Islands
3459:
3451:
3445:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3169:Jabal al-Druze
3166:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3142:State of Syria
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2937:Virgin Islands
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2901:Saint-Domingue
2898:
2896:The Grenadines
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2863:French Florida
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2780:Isle de France
2777:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2459:Albert Sarraut
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Amédée Courbet
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:Yên Bái mutiny
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2055:
2054:External links
2052:
2050:
2049:
2021:
1990:
1951:
1949:(2007), p. 86.
1934:
1894:
1872:
1851:
1842:
1835:
1815:
1808:
1790:
1771:
1744:
1727:
1704:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1503:Tonkin in 1930
1502:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1287:indirect taxes
1224:Main article:
1221:
1220:Administration
1218:
1190:Main article:
1187:
1184:
1168:Ba Đình Square
1123:
1120:
1072:Nguyễn dynasty
954:
951:
949:
946:
942:Élysée Accords
885:rescinded the
850:Nguyễn dynasty
811:
810:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
773:
763:
762:
755:
749:
748:
741:
728:
725:
724:
715:
707:
706:
697:
689:
688:
679:
671:
670:
665:
657:
656:
647:
635:
634:
629:
619:
618:
608:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
559:Élysée Accords
556:
553:
552:
549:
543:
540:
539:
538:25 August 1945
536:
530:
527:
526:
525:September 1940
523:
517:
514:
513:
510:
504:
501:
500:
499:25 August 1883
497:
494:Harmand Treaty
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
477:Historical era
474:
473:
470:rule by decree
466:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:Hoàng Cao Khải
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
420:
419:
416:
415:
414:Yves Jean Digo
412:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
372:
368:
367:
364:
358:
357:
336:
332:
331:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
281:
277:
276:
273:
265:
264:
232:
231:
220:
203:
147:
135:
134:
131:
118:
117:
110:
103:
102:
96:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
77:
76:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5173:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5094:
5091:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5038:Vĩnh Tế Canal
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4720:Ứng Mausoleum
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4688:
4687:Meridian Gate
4685:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:Phan Văn Thúy
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4557:Hoàng Kế Viêm
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4323:Tôn Thất Đính
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Phan Văn Thúy
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:Ngô Đình Khôi
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4233:Ngô Đình Diệm
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4218:Hoàng Kế Viêm
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Đăng đàn cung
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Europa Island
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3399:
3385:
3384:New Caledonia
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:French Guiana
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Alawite State
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Saint Vincent
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
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2755:
2753:
2752:Grande Comore
2750:
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2698:
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2674:
2670:
2669:Four Communes
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:Arguin Island
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:Côte d'Ivoire
2625:
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2610:
2607:
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2597:
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2496:
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2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:Organisations
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Auguste Pavie
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Henri Rivière
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2401:personalities
2396:
2390:
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2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
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2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
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2150:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
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2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1836:9781107110199
1832:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1809:9780520274150
1805:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
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1657:
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1518:
1511:
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1471:
1464:
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1433:
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1412:
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1304:
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1267:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1214:North Vietnam
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
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1133:
1129:
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1119:
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1113:
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1096:
1092:
1088:
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1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:Establishment
952:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
909:launched the
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
864:
863:Kinh lược nha
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
831:
821:
817:
809:
806:
801:
797:
794:
792:Today part of
790:
774:
772:
765:
764:
756:
754:
751:
750:
742:
740:
733:
732:
729:
723:
716:
709:
708:
705:
698:
691:
690:
687:
680:
673:
672:
669:
666:
659:
658:
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648:
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
620:
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612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
568:
564:
560:
550:
547:
537:
534:
524:
521:
511:
508:
498:
495:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
442:
428:
425:
417:
413:
403:
389:
387:
380:
376:
373:
369:
365:
363:
359:
356:
355:Folk religion
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
292:
286:
282:
278:
271:
266:
260:
248:
246:
240:
238:
233:
213:
212:Đăng đàn cung
209:
207:
144:
140:
136:
129:
128:
123:
119:
113:
107:
99:
93:
85:
78:
73:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
5131:French Union
5063:
4996:Other topics
4715:An Mausoleum
4562:Lê Văn Duyệt
4397:Tây Sơn wars
4343:Đặng Huy Trứ
4338:Trần Cao Vân
4238:Ngô Đình Khả
4193:Cao Xuân Dục
4088:Coat of arms
4052:Quốc Tử Giám
4032:Hàn lâm viện
3837:Phú Riềng Đỏ
3713:Nguyễn lords
3702:(Nhà Nguyễn
3649:
3520:
3454:
3354:Saint Martin
3190:New Hebrides
3114:
3044:Chandernagor
3036:French India
2868:French Texas
2724:Ubangi-Shari
2719:Middle Congo
2686:James Island
2591:North Africa
2293:World War II
2178:Guangzhouwan
2157:
2057:
2040:. Retrieved
2012:. Retrieved
1968:
1964:
1954:
1942:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1859:
1854:
1845:
1825:
1818:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1774:
1755:
1738:
1718:
1695:
1690:
1673:
1647:Tonkin, 1891
1635:Tonkin, 1902
1623:Tonkin, 1883
1611:Tonkin, 1883
1599:Tonkin, 1889
1587:Tonkin, 1890
1575:Tonkin, 1894
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1255:
1195:
1148:Harry Truman
1135:
1122:World War II
1080:
1075:
1070:. Also, the
1068:Kinh lược sứ
1067:
1062:had Emperor
1040:Kinh lược sứ
1039:
1031:
1021:
1015:. After the
993:Mekong Delta
982:
923:
903:World War II
880:
838:protectorate
829:
815:
814:
804:
632:Succeeded by
631:
626:
594:• 1939
584:• 1885
424:Kinh lược sứ
423:
400:• 1886
343:Confucianism
263:(Until 1897)
235:
206:Royal anthem
204:
138:
122:Motto:
121:
29:
5085: /
5073:106°00′00″E
4567:Lê Văn Khôi
4348:Trương Định
4072:Viện cơ mật
3985:(1925–1945)
3979:(1916–1925)
3973:(1907–1916)
3967:(1889–1907)
3961:(1885–1889)
3955:(1884–1885)
3949:(1883–1884)
3931:(1847–1883)
3925:(1841–1847)
3919:(1820–1841)
3913:(1802–1820)
3797:Duy Tân Hội
3652:(1883–1945)
3642:(1802–1883)
3577:Claimed by
3571:Claimed by
3456:Adélie Land
3374:Sui generis
3105:Cochinchina
2922:Saint Lucia
2676:Upper Volta
2619:West Africa
2263:World War I
2153:Cochinchina
2146:territories
2144:Constituent
1759:Bloomington
1440:around 1910
1283:Félix Faure
1198:Ho Chi Minh
1160:Ho Chi Minh
1060:Paul Doumer
1028:Cochinchina
989:French Navy
844:. Like the
627:Preceded by
512:6 June 1884
465:Legislature
351:Catholicism
293:(1887–1948)
287:(1883–1945)
5100:Categories
5070:21°00′00″N
4830:Cash coins
4278:Phạm Quỳnh
4213:Hoàng Diệu
4178:Prominent
3965:Thành Thái
3959:Đồng Khánh
3894:Government
3718:Đàng Trong
3573:Madagascar
3482:Saint Paul
3314:Martinique
3309:Guadeloupe
3064:Pondichéry
2775:Madagascar
2647:Mauritania
2108:Background
2042:August 10,
1927:August 17,
1700:Vietnamese
1472:, ca. 1908
1230:See also:
1064:Thành Thái
1036:Đồng Khánh
957:See also:
668:Great Qing
598:11,509,000
574:Population
371:Government
362:Demonym(s)
313:Vietnamese
247:quan phòng
237:Great Seal
215:(English:
62:Vietnamese
5048:Việt gian
4987:Kim Khánh
4920:Hương ước
4779:Education
4654:Trấn Ninh
4180:mandarins
4148:Tổng Trấn
4000:Censorate
3977:Khải Định
3947:Kiến Phúc
3923:Thiệu Trị
3917:Minh Mạng
3842:Việt Minh
3777:Cần Vương
3700:/ Đại Nam
3579:Mauritius
3438: (
2848:Louisiana
2729:Cameroons
2014:August 7,
1985:144158566
1394:Play time
1311:toc bieu.
1303:toc bieu,
1176:Viet Minh
944:in 1949.
907:Việt Minh
901:, ending
872:mandarins
808:Zhanjiang
753:Zhanjiang
704:Zhanjiang
588:7,487,000
366:Tonkinese
335:Religion
80:1883–1945
5043:Tôn Thất
4929:Treaties
4822:Currency
4765:Khăn vấn
4382:Military
4143:Tuần phủ
3953:Hàm Nghi
3941:Hiệp Hòa
3911:Gia Long
3903:Emperors
3723:Nam tiến
3633:Overview
3334:Overseas
3294:Overseas
3152:Damascus
3101:Vietnam
3092:Cambodia
3069:Karaikal
2886:Dominica
2681:Togoland
2347:Treaties
2168:Cambodia
1947:Honolulu
1864:Archived
1653:See also
1456:in Hanoi
1258:de facto
1244:and the
1114:and the
1108:Catholic
1104:ceramics
1091:Haiphong
1076:de facto
917:and the
895:Japanese
607:Currency
311:French,
4675:Palaces
4228:Lê Chất
4081:Symbols
4067:Nội các
3983:Bảo Đại
3971:Duy Tân
3935:Dục Đức
3792:Đông Du
3706:茹阮𥱯獨立)
3691:History
3567:Comoros
3324:Réunion
3319:Mayotte
3237:Present
3195:Vanuatu
3183:Oceania
2955:Berbice
2891:Grenada
2747:Anjouan
2739:Comoros
2691:Albreda
2664:Senegal
2632:Dahomey
2609:Tunisia
2604:Morocco
2599:Algeria
1971:: 131.
1785:Dân trí
1763:Indiana
1421:French
1321:Gallery
1250:Bảo Đại
1150:at the
1048:Viceroy
948:History
883:Bảo Đại
820:chữ Hán
796:Vietnam
531:•
518:•
505:•
492:•
298:Capital
141: "
139:Anthem:
72:Chữ Hán
4962:(1884)
4956:(1883)
4950:(1874)
4948:Saigon
4944:(1863)
4938:(1862)
4936:Saigon
4740:Áo dài
4627:Champa
4138:Đề Đốc
4057:Lục bộ
3943:(1883)
3937:(1883)
3929:Tự Đức
3658:(1945)
3650:Tonkin
3627:topics
3147:Aleppo
3115:Tonkin
3074:Yanaon
3054:Madras
2932:Tobago
2853:Canada
2843:Acadia
2757:Mohéli
2642:Guinea
2544:Former
2399:French
2197:Events
2158:Tonkin
1983:
1919:, and
1833:
1806:
1723:French
1659:Tonkin
1423:zouave
1409:, 1883
1307:ky muc
1298:huyen,
1009:Tonkin
997:Saigon
987:, the
983:After
977:, and
905:, the
830:Bắc Kỳ
828:), or
816:Tonkin
803:
468:None (
456:(last)
429:
390:
377:under
347:Taoism
285:France
280:Status
253:欽差大臣關防
210:
58:
48:French
44:
18:Bắc Kỳ
4698:Tombs
4098:Flags
3110:Annam
2965:Inini
2906:Haïti
2714:Gabon
2659:Niger
2637:Sudan
2163:Annam
1981:S2CID
1683:Notes
1438:Hanoi
1100:opium
1083:Hanoi
1052:Annam
1024:Annam
800:China
768:1948:
736:1945:
719:1946:
701:1898:
683:1889:
651:1883:
302:Hanoi
68:處保護北圻
4913:Laws
4884:Tiền
4879:Quán
4874:Mạch
3648:and
3484:and
3097:Laos
3059:Mahé
2709:Chad
2173:Laos
2044:2021
2016:2021
1929:2022
1831:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1478:Maps
1452:The
1130:and
893:, a
565:1950
551:1948
4977:Bai
4960:Huế
4954:Huế
4942:Huế
4869:Văn
1973:doi
1969:226
1296:or
1294:phu
1186:End
1166:in
1044:經略使
858:經略衙
854:Huế
5102::
2908:,
2024:^
1993:^
1979:.
1967:.
1963:.
1945:,
1915:,
1897:^
1875:^
1783:.
1765::
1761:,
1747:^
1730:^
1725:).
1717:-
1707:^
1702:).
1315:公使
1281:,
1182:.
1118:.
973:,
969:,
965:,
961:,
921:.
878:.
860:,
834:北圻
825:東京
822::
327:,
323:,
319:,
315:,
3617:e
3610:t
3603:v
3444:)
3263:e
3256:t
3249:v
3019:e
3012:t
3005:v
2816:e
2809:t
2802:v
2574:e
2567:t
2560:v
2529:e
2522:t
2515:v
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
2046:.
2018:.
1975::
1931:.
1839:.
1812:.
1787:.
1252:.
1042:(
832:(
818:(
805:∟
613:,
472:)
219:)
208::
145:"
74:)
70:(
64:)
60:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
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