1173:, or the Annamese (Annan people). In addition, the national history tends to have a narrow view limited to modern national boundaries, leading to conclusions of exceptionalism. Although it is true that the political situation in the Red River Plain was less stable than in Guangzhou to the north, such circumstances were not restricted to the area. The Vietnamese national narrative retroactively assigns any local rebellions, the rise of local dynasties, and their local autonomy with the motive of seeking national independence. These early moves toward autonomy in the 10th century were fairly tame compared to the activities of people who cushioned them from more direct contact with
2643:
1835:
1046:
entirely from China. They did this to justify
European colonial rule in Vietnam. By portraying the Vietnamese as merely borrowers of civilization, the French situated themselves in a historical paradigm of bringing civilization to a backwards region of the world. French scholar Leonard Aurousseau argued that not only did Vietnam borrow culturally and politically from China, the population of Vietnam was also directly the result of migration from the state of
1821:
894:
58:
1807:
1188:(Zhao dynasty), were reclassified as foreigners in modern Vietnamese historiography. While traditional Vietnamese historiography considered the Triệu dynasty to be an orthodox regime, modern Vietnamese scholars generally regard it as a foreign dynasty that ruled Vietnam. The oldest text compiled by a Vietnamese court, the 13th century
1060:
national
Vietnamese narrative depicts the Chinese as a corrupt and profit-driven people and merely the first of the foreign colonizing empires that were eventually driven from Vietnam. According to Catherine Churchman, this is not an entirely new historical tradition but a rewriting or updating of it, and has roots in
1152:
The
Vietnamese national narrative has introduced anachronisms in order to prove a unified Vietnamese national consciousness. The word Viet/Yue is often used to refer to an ethnic group when it had various meanings throughout history. There was no terminology to describe a Chinese-Vietnamese dichotomy
1148:
refers to the national struggle of the
Vietnamese people against foreign aggressors. Proponents of this historical narrative, such as Nguyen Khac Vien, characterize the history of Vietnam under Chinese rule as a "steadfast popular resistance marked by armed insurrections against foreign domination",
1059:
Another narrative, the national school of
Vietnamese history, portrays the period in "a militant, nationalistic, and very contemporary vision through which emerged a hypothetical substratum of an original Vietnam that was miraculously preserved throughout a millennium of the Chinese presence." The
1045:
History of
Vietnam being invaded and ruled by China rule has had substantial influence from French colonial scholarship and Vietnamese postcolonial national history writing. During the 19th century, the French promoted the view that Vietnam had little of its own culture and borrowed it almost
1080:. They recorded that the Northern Empire suffered defeat for not respecting these views. However, scholars such as Nhi Hoang Thuc Nguyen argue that "the trope of a small country consistently repelling the China’s cultural force is a recent, postcolonial, mid-20th-century construction".
1015:
such as language, religion, art, and way of life constituted an important component of traditional
Vietnamese culture until modernity. This cultural affiliation with China remained true even when Vietnam was militarily defending itself against attempted invasions, such as against the
3797:
1213:
Language has also been used as evidence for a distinct
Vietnamese identity in the Han-Tang period. However, some research points to the formation of a Vietnamese language only afterward as the result of a creolization and language shift involving
3656:
1050:
in China. This line of thought was followed by Joseph
Buttinger, who authored the first English language history book on Vietnamese history. He believed that to fight off the Chinese, the Vietnamese had to become like the Chinese.
1149:
while opponents such as
Churchman note the lack of evidence, anachronisms, linguistic problems, adherence to Chinese political and cultural norms, and similarities as well as differences with other peoples under Chinese rule.
1472:. This period saw the entrenchment of mandarin administration in Vietnam. The third period of Chinese rule concluded following the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the subsequent defeat of the Southern Han armada by
644:
972:, Catherine Churchman, and Jaymin Kim assert that these periods and stereotypes enveloped the narrative as modern constructs, however, and critique them as tools for various nationalist and irredentist causes in
1107:
as terms to refer to political and cultural change in different directions. Works following the national school of Vietnamese history retroactively assign Vietnamese group consciousness to past periods
3807:
992:
and adjacent areas. During the first three periods of Chinese rule, the pre-Sinitic indigenous culture was centered in the northern part of modern Vietnam, in the alluvial deltas of the
1124:
The argument for an intrinsic, intractable, and distinctly Southeast Asian Vietnamese identity in the Red River Plain throughout history has been categorized by Catherine Churchman as
3874:
1095:
to the founding of Dai Viet, which was the result of a thousand-year struggle against the Chinese that culminated in the restoration of Vietnamese sovereignty. Jennifer Holmgren's
2731:
944:(北屬, lit. "belonging to the north") (111 BC–939, 1407–1428) refers to four historical periods when several portions of modern-day Northern Vietnam was under the rule of various
2631:
968:
during the 15th century is usually excluded by historians in their discussion of the main, almost continuous, period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD. Historians such as
3558:
3681:
2871:
1116:
era) based on evidence in later eras. The national school of Vietnamese history has remained practically unchanged since the 1980s and has become the national orthodoxy.
3749:
1206:
was a foreign invader and Nanyue a foreign dynasty that should not be included in Vietnamese history. This view became the mainstream among Vietnamese historians in
2716:
922:
3839:
1083:
Works by Japanese scholars in the 1970s as well as in the English language in the 1980s have taken on elements of the national school. Katakura Minoru's
2736:
1210:
and later became the state orthodoxy after reunification. Nanyue was removed from the national history while Zhao Tuo was recast as a foreign invader.
598:
3314:
1140:
refers to the downplaying of similarities between Vietnam and China while emphasizing Vietnam's Southeast Asian identity in the postcolonial period.
2624:
3067:
2952:
1243:
3007:
3879:
844:
2751:
575:
2609:
2588:
2570:
2551:
2528:
2472:
2435:
2416:
2137:
1972:
1477:
3914:
3578:
3272:
3230:
3173:
1988:
Brindley, Erica Fox (2018). "The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE by Catherine Churchman".
3919:
3772:
3768:
321:
3588:
980:, and other countries. Museums in Vietnam often completely omit periods of Chinese rule, skipping over large periods of its own history.
3761:
3756:
2617:
341:
301:
3686:
3522:
3387:
3929:
3924:
3744:
2293:
3072:
2786:
1190:
988:
The four periods of Chinese rule did not correspond to the modern borders of Vietnam, but were mainly limited to the area around the
715:
3869:
2500:
1784:
1763:
1640:
1620:
1600:
1489:
1362:
849:
829:
438:
3309:
3257:
2896:
2886:
2696:
785:
3934:
3716:
1736:
1709:
1682:
1661:
1579:
1426:
1310:
1226:
The periods of Chinese rule over Vietnam also saw the linguistic transformations of several lects in Northern Vietnam, including
915:
3568:
3512:
3462:
3267:
3247:
3225:
3098:
3017:
2901:
2791:
1513:
3889:
3849:
2110:
184:
3619:
3492:
3457:
3447:
3319:
3294:
3185:
3180:
3133:
3113:
3108:
2997:
2881:
2846:
2831:
2816:
2711:
3812:
3543:
3442:
3279:
3262:
3242:
3148:
3082:
3047:
2957:
2836:
1409:
Chinese rule was restored after the Trung sisters' rebellion. The second period of Chinese rule was ended by the revolt of
805:
292:
3553:
3527:
3477:
3372:
3299:
3237:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3128:
3062:
3032:
2992:
2967:
2936:
2911:
2761:
2741:
2706:
2691:
3706:
3691:
1144:
refers to an intrinsic Vietnamese "cultural core" that has always existed in the Red River Plain since time immemorial.
945:
834:
535:
3598:
3517:
3482:
3452:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3377:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3324:
3215:
3195:
3138:
3103:
3077:
3037:
3022:
3012:
2972:
2962:
2921:
2891:
2876:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2806:
2801:
2756:
2726:
2701:
2676:
1848:
908:
874:
859:
854:
839:
525:
37:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3472:
3467:
3437:
3412:
3402:
3382:
3304:
3163:
3123:
3118:
3052:
3042:
2982:
2977:
2931:
2926:
2866:
2821:
2781:
2771:
2681:
2111:"Anti-Chinese Sentiment in Contemporary Vietnam: Constructing Nationalism, New Democracy, and the Use of "the Other""
1677:
1449:
1350:
311:
3827:
3701:
2647:
378:
174:
3593:
3583:
3563:
3502:
3432:
3336:
3284:
3252:
3220:
3168:
3143:
3027:
2987:
2906:
2856:
2811:
2796:
2776:
2766:
2746:
2686:
1615:
1389:
1385:
1741:
1714:
1687:
1180:
Previously orthodox views in Vietnamese history were changed to fit a modern nationalist ideology. The rulers of
1158:
1004:. Ten centuries of Chinese rule left a substantial genetic footprint, with settlement by large numbers of ethnic
3573:
3548:
3190:
3158:
3153:
3057:
3002:
2916:
2826:
2721:
1469:
1077:
251:
139:
3777:
3676:
2543:
1275:
1263:
1064:, which portrayed itself as the Southern Empire equal to the Northern Empire (China). Dai Viet literati of the
969:
869:
3782:
1162:
1153:
during the Han-Tang period nor was there a term to describe a cohesive group inhabiting the area between the
3802:
2275:
1279:
1413:, who took advantage of the internal disorder of the waning Liang dynasty. Lý Bôn subsequently founded the
129:
3884:
3711:
3696:
3661:
3651:
3289:
1346:
1072:
dynasties sought an ancient origin for their autonomy prior to Chinese rule and traced their genealogy to
765:
619:
3614:
478:
468:
214:
2604:
1916:
1202:. However, later historians in the 18th century started questioning this view. Ngô Thì Sĩ argued that
1853:
1529:
1267:
1199:
149:
1410:
3862:
3832:
3792:
3666:
1521:
1414:
1231:
668:
398:
331:
1242:
and many other languages. These languages are often referred to as a regional sprachbund known as
488:
2005:
1259:
1174:
1073:
1021:
515:
506:
359:
242:
67:
46:
1185:
274:
3857:
3844:
2584:
2566:
2547:
2524:
2496:
2468:
2431:
2412:
2289:
1968:
795:
557:
194:
87:
1473:
1065:
952:
in Vietnamese historiography is traditionally considered to have started in 111 BC, when the
775:
418:
2281:
1997:
1635:
1393:
1354:
1092:
1025:
864:
608:
546:
224:
204:
458:
3822:
3787:
1012:
989:
1517:
1194:, considered Nanyue to be the official starting point of their history. According to the
428:
388:
1029:
3817:
1826:
1812:
1481:
1345:
is traditionally considered to have started following the Western Han's victory in the
1239:
1215:
961:
898:
879:
658:
368:
1525:
264:
3908:
2009:
1965:
The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE
1537:
1401:
1270:; while at another extreme, the Southern Vietic languages have robustly polysyllabic
1227:
1207:
1069:
630:
584:
448:
408:
1181:
997:
1858:
1840:
1779:
1758:
1731:
1704:
1504:
1453:
1445:
1255:
1235:
1113:
1017:
965:
755:
745:
2248:
2540:
Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
1656:
1595:
1574:
1441:
1397:
1377:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1251:
1154:
1109:
1047:
1005:
1001:
953:
77:
2277:
The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A Comprehensive Guide
1087:
emphasizes the innate characteristics of the Vietnamese people. Keith Taylor's
57:
1913:
1802:
1381:
993:
160:
108:
98:
1904:
Information pertaining to the population size in the census did not survive.
1512:
Vietnam was brought under the control of China following the Ming dynasty's
1247:
119:
1091:(1983) asserts a strong continuity from the semi-legendary kingdoms of the
2285:
2001:
1246:. Vietnamese and Muong, under heavy linguistic influence from Chinese and
1271:
1203:
1061:
164:
17:
2521:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
2249:
Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
1886:
The census for Phuc Loc, Luc, Truong and Dien counties did not survive.
977:
735:
686:
957:
725:
705:
1157:
and the Red River. During the Tang period, the indigenous people of
27:
Four historical periods when Vietnam was ruled by Chinese dynasties
3671:
2642:
973:
695:
2246:
Yoshikai Masato, "Ancient Nam Viet in historical descriptions",
1468:
The Sui dynasty reincorporated Vietnam into China following the
3733:
3640:
2658:
2613:
2512:
The World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia - Volume 6
2409:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History To 1500
964:
was founded. A fourth, relatively brief, 20-year rule by the
1008:, while opening up Vietnam for trade and cultural exchange.
1032:
literature in the aftermath of the expulsion of the Ming.
2093:
2091:
1917:
Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2324:
2322:
1877:
The 140 census for the Hong River Delta did not survive.
2309:
2307:
2305:
960:(Vietnamese "Nam Việt") and lasted until 939, when the
2493:
The Ethnic Chinese and Economic Development in Vietnam
2465:
Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700
2605:
Vietnam under Chinese rule on Encyclopædia Britannica
2374:
2372:
1028:
in the 20th century, despite the rise in vernacular
3607:
3536:
3345:
3091:
2945:
2669:
1520:. The fourth period of Chinese rule ended when the
1528:emerged successful. Lê Lợi then reestablished the
1497:
1434:
1370:
1318:
1895:The census for Phuc Loc county did not survive.
1417:, with the official dynastic name "Vạn Xuân" (
1024:remained the official script of Vietnam until
2625:
2486:, Los Angeles: University of California Press
2484:The Vermilion Bird: T'ang Images of the South
1290:The four periods of Chinese rule in Vietnam:
916:
8:
2274:Sidwell, Paul; Jenny, Mathias, eds. (2021).
1097:The Chinese Colonisation of Northern Vietnam
3840:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
2136:sfn error: no target: CITEREFReidTran2006 (
2058:
3730:
3637:
2666:
2655:
2632:
2618:
2610:
923:
909:
31:
2579:Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (2006).
2261:
2234:
2222:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2097:
1198:, Zhao Tuo established the foundation of
2495:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2131:
1742:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
1715:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
1688:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
1550:
1292:
2449:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2198:
2022:
1967:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1931:
1870:
1244:Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
45:
34:
2456:Thailand, Indochina and Burma Handbook
2363:
2340:
2328:
2313:
2210:
2034:
2070:
1938:
7:
2046:
645:Provisional Revolutionary Government
256:
2252:, Volume 2, ABC-CLIO, 2004, p. 934.
1950:
3745:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2565:, University of California Press,
2458:. Trade & Travel Publications.
2447:Ethnic Chinese As Southeast Asians
2390:
2378:
2082:
1055:Vietnamese national historiography
25:
3870:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2732:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
2583:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1785:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1764:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1641:Second Era of Northern Domination
1621:Second Era of Northern Domination
1601:Second Era of Northern Domination
1490:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1480:. Ngô Quyền later proclaimed the
1363:Second Era of Northern Domination
1274:and derivational or inflectional
2641:
1833:
1819:
1805:
1737:Third Era of Northern Domination
1710:Third Era of Northern Domination
1683:Third Era of Northern Domination
1662:Third Era of Northern Domination
1580:First Era of Northern Domination
1427:Third Era of Northern Domination
1311:First Era of Northern Domination
1262:of Chinese loan words to become
892:
589:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
56:
3890:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
3798:Dates of diplomatic recognition
2482:Schafer, Edward Hetzel (1967),
3813:Foreign relations of Hong Kong
2581:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories
1533:
1493:
1430:
1418:
1366:
1314:
984:Geographical extent and impact
599:Provisional Central Government
1:
2561:Taylor, Keith Weller (1983),
2280:. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
1963:Churchman, Catherine (2016).
1184:(Nanyue), referred to as the
3769:Diplomatic missions of China
1085:Chūgoku shihaika no betonamu
716:Cát Tiên archaeological site
3920:Historical regions of China
3757:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2519:Ooi, Keat Gin, ed. (2004).
2426:Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012).
649:(Republic of South Vietnam)
3951:
3828:Political status of Taiwan
2648:Foreign relations of China
2407:Lockard, Craig A. (2010).
1349:. It ended with the brief
1250:languages, have completed
936:Vietnam under Chinese rule
379:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
3930:1st millennium in Vietnam
3925:History of Imperial China
3740:
3729:
3647:
3636:
2665:
2654:
2445:Suryadinata, Leo (1997).
3854:Major historical splits
3778:Belt and Road Initiative
2717:Central African Republic
2563:The Birth of the Vietnam
2544:Cornell University Press
2463:Hoang, Anh Tuấn (2007).
2428:East Asia: A New History
1165:were referred to as the
312:Trung sisters' rebellion
3935:15th century in Vietnam
3915:China–Vietnam relations
3803:Foreign policy of China
3717:China and the Antarctic
3682:China–Japan–South Korea
1849:China–Vietnam relations
1296:Period of Chinese rule
1286:Periods of Chinese rule
1280:Austroasiatic languages
1278:much like conservative
1169:(Wild Barbarians), the
806:Principality of Hà Tiên
3885:Wolf warrior diplomacy
3712:Arctic policy of China
3652:BCIM Economic Corridor
3642:Multilateral relations
2737:Congo, Republic of the
2454:Eliot, Joshua (1995).
1498:
1435:
1371:
1320:Bắc thuộc lần thứ nhất
1319:
1076:or the semi-legendary
687:Non-Vietnamese history
439:4th Chinese domination
342:3rd Chinese domination
322:2nd Chinese domination
302:1st Chinese domination
3808:Foreign Relations Law
3783:China's peaceful rise
2872:São Tomé and Príncipe
2514:. Marshall Cavendish.
2286:10.1515/9783110558142
2002:10.1353/asi.2018.0007
1372:Bắc thuộc lần thứ hai
1041:French historiography
635:(Republic of Vietnam)
552:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
540:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
530:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
520:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
3315:United Arab Emirates
2491:Trần, Khánh (1993).
2411:. Cengage Learning.
2132:Reid & Tran 2006
2113:. Trinity University
1854:Chinese expansionism
1499:Bắc thuộc lần thứ tư
1456:(sometimes counted)
1454:Southern Han dynasty
1436:Bắc thuộc lần thứ ba
1341:The first period of
1222:Linguistic influence
1089:The Birth of Vietnam
620:North–South division
469:Later Lê Restoration
175:Phùng Nguyên culture
3833:Chinese unification
3793:Confucius Institute
3330:Northern Domination
3068:Trinidad and Tobago
2953:Antigua and Barbuda
2660:Bilateral relations
1516:of the short-lived
1478:Battle of Bạch Đằng
1398:Southern Qi dynasty
1390:Eastern Jin dynasty
1386:Western Jin dynasty
1378:Eastern Han dynasty
1334:Eastern Han dynasty
1326:Western Han dynasty
1256:monosyllabicization
1142:Cultural continuity
1130:cultural continuity
1026:French colonization
845:Historical capitals
766:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
113:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
92:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
3008:Dominican Republic
1990:Asian Perspectives
1382:Eastern Wu dynasty
1260:grammaticalization
1175:Southern dynasties
1022:Chinese characters
899:Vietnam portal
516:French Cochinchina
134:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3880:Theater diplomacy
3845:Stadium diplomacy
3765:
3753:
3750:General Secretary
3725:
3724:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
2752:Equatorial Guinea
2590:978-1-316-44504-4
2572:978-0-520-07417-0
2553:978-1-501-73257-7
2538:Li, Tana (2018).
2530:978-1-576-07771-9
2474:978-9-04-742169-6
2437:978-1-477-26516-1
2418:978-1-439-08535-6
1974:978-1-442-25861-7
1796:
1795:
1544:
1543:
1078:Hồng Bàng dynasty
946:Chinese dynasties
933:
932:
814:
813:
796:Sip Song Chau Tai
677:
676:
650:
636:
590:
566:
565:
558:Empire of Vietnam
497:
496:
350:
349:
283:
282:
252:Hồng Bàng dynasty
233:
232:
219:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
209:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
189:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
179:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
154:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
144:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
140:Quỳnh Văn culture
16:(Redirected from
3942:
3850:String of Pearls
3762:Foreign Minister
3759:
3747:
3731:
3638:
3579:Papua New Guinea
2667:
2656:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2611:
2594:
2575:
2557:
2534:
2515:
2506:
2487:
2478:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2422:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2300:
2299:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2237:, p. 74-75.
2232:
2226:
2225:, p. 26-27.
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:, p. 27-29.
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:, p. 24-25.
2148:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2059:Suryadinata 1997
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1636:Liu Song dynasty
1551:
1536:) under the new
1535:
1522:Lam Sơn uprising
1501:
1495:
1470:Sui–Early Lý War
1438:
1432:
1420:
1415:Early Lý dynasty
1394:Liu Song dynasty
1374:
1368:
1322:
1316:
1299:Chinese dynasty
1293:
925:
918:
911:
897:
896:
895:
692:
691:
648:
634:
609:State of Vietnam
588:
581:
580:
547:French Indochina
512:
511:
449:Later Lê dynasty
409:Later Lý dynasty
399:Early Lê dynasty
365:
364:
332:Early Lý dynasty
298:
297:
258:
248:
247:
215:Sa Huỳnh culture
205:Dong Son culture
185:Đồng Đậu culture
73:
72:
60:
50:
32:
21:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3894:
3823:Panda diplomacy
3788:Chinese Century
3736:
3721:
3643:
3624:
3603:
3589:Solomon Islands
3532:
3341:
3087:
2941:
2661:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2601:
2591:
2578:
2573:
2560:
2554:
2537:
2531:
2518:
2510:Ms, Cc (2007).
2509:
2503:
2490:
2481:
2475:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2438:
2430:. AuthorHouse.
2425:
2419:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2303:
2296:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1953:, p. 1296.
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1739:
1712:
1685:
1678:Wu Zhou dynasty
1557:Chinese dynasty
1549:
1496:
1492:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1450:Wu Zhou dynasty
1448:
1444:
1433:
1429:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1365:
1332:
1328:
1317:
1313:
1288:
1224:
1163:Jinghai Circuit
1122:
1093:Red River Plain
1057:
1043:
1038:
1013:Chinese culture
990:Red River Delta
986:
970:Keith W. Taylor
929:
893:
891:
886:
885:
884:
824:
816:
815:
689:
679:
678:
647:
633:
587:
578:
568:
567:
509:
499:
498:
479:Tây Sơn dynasty
362:
352:
351:
295:
285:
284:
245:
235:
234:
130:Bắc Sơn culture
70:
48:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3818:Nine-dash line
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3766:
3754:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3707:United Nations
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:European Union
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3523:United Kingdom
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3388:Czech Republic
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2599:External links
2597:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2576:
2571:
2558:
2552:
2535:
2529:
2516:
2507:
2501:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2423:
2417:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:, p. 159.
2383:
2381:, p. 166.
2368:
2366:, p. 176.
2345:
2343:, p. 167.
2333:
2331:, p. 120.
2318:
2301:
2295:978-3110556063
2294:
2266:
2262:Churchman 2016
2254:
2239:
2235:Churchman 2016
2227:
2223:Churchman 2016
2215:
2213:, p. 149.
2203:
2191:
2187:Churchman 2016
2179:
2175:Churchman 2016
2167:
2163:Churchman 2016
2155:
2151:Churchman 2016
2143:
2124:
2102:
2098:Churchman 2016
2087:
2085:, p. 828.
2075:
2063:
2061:, p. 268.
2051:
2039:
2037:, p. 269.
2027:
2025:, p. 125.
2015:
1996:(1): 179–181.
1980:
1973:
1955:
1943:
1941:, p. 557.
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1830:
1827:Vietnam portal
1816:
1813:History portal
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1756:
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1751:
1748:
1745:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1707:
1702:
1698:
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1680:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1654:
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1649:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
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1610:
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1598:
1593:
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1561:
1558:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1486:
1485:
1466:
1457:
1439:
1423:
1422:
1407:
1404:
1375:
1359:
1358:
1347:Han–Nanyue War
1339:
1336:
1323:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1287:
1284:
1268:aspect markers
1223:
1220:
1216:Middle Chinese
1196:Đại Việt sử ký
1191:Đại Việt sử ký
1121:
1118:
1105:Vietnamization
1056:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:Historiography
1034:
985:
982:
931:
930:
928:
927:
920:
913:
905:
902:
901:
888:
887:
883:
882:
880:Indochina Wars
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
812:
811:
808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
786:Jarai kingdoms
782:
781:
778:
772:
771:
768:
762:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
702:
701:
698:
690:
685:
684:
681:
680:
675:
674:
671:
665:
664:
661:
659:Subsidy period
655:
654:
651:
641:
640:
637:
627:
626:
623:
615:
614:
611:
605:
604:
601:
595:
594:
591:
579:
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
563:
560:
554:
553:
550:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
522:
521:
518:
510:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
494:
491:
489:Nguyễn dynasty
485:
484:
481:
475:
474:
471:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
451:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
431:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
395:
394:
391:
385:
384:
381:
375:
374:
371:
363:
358:
357:
354:
353:
348:
347:
344:
338:
337:
334:
328:
327:
324:
318:
317:
314:
308:
307:
304:
296:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
280:
277:
271:
270:
267:
261:
260:
254:
246:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:
230:
227:
221:
220:
217:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
197:
195:Gò Mun culture
191:
190:
187:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
168:
156:
155:
152:
150:Đa Bút culture
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
123:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
102:
94:
93:
90:
88:Sơn Vi culture
84:
83:
81:
71:
66:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
43:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3947:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Latin America
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3639:
3635:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:Former states
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:United States
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Guinea-Bissau
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2502:9789813016668
2498:
2494:
2489:
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2334:
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2325:
2323:
2319:
2316:, p. 56.
2315:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2264:, p. 28.
2263:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2201:, p. 53.
2200:
2195:
2192:
2189:, p. 26.
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2165:, p. 27.
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2100:, p. 24.
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2073:, p. 15.
2072:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:, p. 14.
2048:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
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1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:AD 1407–1428
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:Liang dynasty
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:Trưng sisters
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1338:111 BC–AD 40
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
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1241:
1237:
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1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1208:North Vietnam
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:Triệu dynasty
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
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1127:
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1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
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769:
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757:
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749:
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734:
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729:
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724:
723:
719:
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683:
682:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
646:
643:
642:
638:
632:
631:South Vietnam
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:
617:
616:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
600:
597:
596:
592:
586:
585:North Vietnam
583:
582:
577:
572:
571:
561:
559:
556:
555:
551:
549:
548:
544:
543:
539:
537:
536:French Tonkin
534:
533:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
517:
514:
513:
508:
503:
502:
492:
490:
487:
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325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
313:
310:
309:
305:
303:
300:
299:
294:
289:
288:
279:204 BC–111 BC
278:
276:
275:Triệu dynasty
273:
272:
269:257 BC–179 BC
268:
266:
263:
262:
255:
253:
250:
249:
244:
239:
238:
228:
226:
225:Óc Eo culture
223:
222:
218:
216:
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198:
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107:
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96:
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91:
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82:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
44:
39:
33:
30:
19:
3615:Soviet Union
3528:Vatican City
3329:
3310:Turkmenistan
3258:Saudi Arabia
2897:South Africa
2887:Sierra Leone
2697:Burkina Faso
2580:
2562:
2539:
2523:. ABC-CLIO.
2520:
2511:
2492:
2483:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2427:
2408:
2386:
2336:
2276:
2269:
2257:
2247:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2199:Schafer 1967
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:, p. 5.
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2105:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2023:Lockard 2010
2018:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1859:Sinicization
1841:China portal
1780:Ming dynasty
1759:Ming dynasty
1732:Tang dynasty
1705:Tang dynasty
1505:Ming dynasty
1461:
1446:Tang dynasty
1342:
1305:Description
1289:
1225:
1212:
1195:
1189:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:Anachronisms
1104:
1101:Sinicization
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1058:
1044:
1018:Yuan dynasty
1011:Elements of
1010:
987:
966:Ming dynasty
949:
940:
939:
935:
934:
756:Dali Kingdom
746:Khmer Empire
673:1986–present
618:
545:
526:French Annam
419:Trần dynasty
389:Đinh dynasty
306:111 BC–40 AD
265:Thục dynasty
199:1,000–800 BC
159:
118:
97:
76:
29:
3702:Third World
3667:Arab League
3569:New Zealand
3513:Switzerland
3463:Netherlands
3268:South Korea
3248:Philippines
3226:North Korea
3099:Afghanistan
3018:El Salvador
2902:South Sudan
2792:Ivory Coast
2364:Taylor 1983
2341:Taylor 1983
2329:Taylor 1983
2314:Taylor 1983
2211:Taylor 1983
2117:26 December
2035:Walker 2012
1657:Sui dynasty
1616:Jin dynasty
1596:Han dynasty
1575:Han dynasty
1566:Population
1482:Ngô dynasty
1465:AD 602–939
1442:Sui dynasty
1330:Xin dynasty
1264:classifiers
1252:tonogenesis
1155:Pearl River
962:Ngô dynasty
954:Han dynasty
850:Immigration
830:Agriculture
459:Mạc dynasty
369:Ngô dynasty
78:Paleolithic
68:Prehistoric
47:History of
3909:Categories
3620:Yugoslavia
3559:Micronesia
3493:San Marino
3458:Montenegro
3448:Luxembourg
3320:Uzbekistan
3295:Tajikistan
3186:Kyrgyzstan
3181:Kazakhstan
3134:East Timor
3114:Bangladesh
3109:Azerbaijan
2998:Costa Rica
2882:Seychelles
2847:Mozambique
2832:Mauritania
2817:Madagascar
2712:Cape Verde
2071:Hoang 2007
1939:Eliot 1995
1926:References
1914:Ming Shilu
1792:1,900,000
1771:5,200,000
1547:Population
1538:Lê dynasty
1518:Hồ dynasty
1459:AD 602–905
1406:AD 43–544
1276:morphology
1232:Vietnamese
1177:empires.
1146:Resistance
1134:resistance
956:conquered
429:Hồ dynasty
229:(1–630 AD)
109:Hoabinhian
99:Mesolithic
3735:Diplomacy
3677:Caribbean
3544:Australia
3443:Lithuania
3280:Sri Lanka
3263:Singapore
3243:Palestine
3149:Indonesia
3083:Venezuela
3048:Nicaragua
2958:Argentina
2837:Mauritius
2467:. Brill.
2047:Trần 1993
2010:166116726
1563:Household
1532:kingdom (
1474:Ngô Quyền
1343:Bắc thuộc
1272:morphemes
1248:Tai-Kadai
1002:Mã Rivers
950:Bắc thuộc
941:Bắc thuộc
835:Dynasties
810:1707–1832
800:1600–1954
790:1100–1904
780:1061–1432
776:Ngưu Hống
770:1042–1052
663:1975–1986
653:1969–1976
639:1955–1975
625:1954–1976
613:1949–1955
603:1948–1949
593:1945–1976
493:1802–1945
483:1778–1802
473:1533–1789
463:1527–1592
453:1428–1527
443:1407–1427
433:1400–1407
423:1225–1400
413:1009–1225
293:Dominated
165:Iron Ages
120:Neolithic
18:Bắc thuộc
3875:Treaties
3773:in China
3554:Kiribati
3478:Portugal
3373:Bulgaria
3300:Thailand
3238:Pakistan
3211:Mongolia
3206:Maldives
3201:Malaysia
3129:Cambodia
3063:Suriname
3033:Honduras
2993:Colombia
2968:Barbados
2946:Americas
2937:Zimbabwe
2912:Tanzania
2762:Ethiopia
2742:Djibouti
2707:Cameroon
2692:Botswana
1951:Ooi 2004
1799:See also
1789:450,288
1723:299,377
1696:148,431
1674:ca. 700
1608:310,570
1587:981,755
1584:143,643
1530:Đại Việt
1204:Zhao Tuo
1200:Đại Việt
1182:Nam Việt
1167:Wild Man
1074:Triệu Đà
1062:Dai Viet
860:Monarchs
855:Military
823:By topic
760:937–1253
750:802–1431
710:192–1832
576:Republic
507:Colonial
403:980–1009
360:Dynastic
38:a series
36:Part of
3863:Albania
3697:Oceania
3657:BIMSTEC
3599:Vanuatu
3537:Oceania
3518:Ukraine
3483:Romania
3453:Moldova
3428:Ireland
3423:Iceland
3418:Hungary
3408:Germany
3398:Finland
3393:Denmark
3378:Croatia
3368:Belgium
3363:Belarus
3358:Austria
3353:Albania
3325:Vietnam
3273:History
3231:History
3216:Myanmar
3196:Lebanon
3174:history
3139:Georgia
3104:Armenia
3078:Uruguay
3038:Jamaica
3023:Grenada
3013:Ecuador
2973:Bolivia
2963:Bahamas
2922:Tunisia
2892:Somalia
2877:Senegal
2862:Nigeria
2852:Namibia
2842:Morocco
2807:Liberia
2802:Lesotho
2757:Eritrea
2727:Comoros
2702:Burundi
2677:Algeria
2401:Sources
2391:Li 2018
2379:Li 2018
2083:Ms 2007
1747:40,486
1720:75,839
1693:38,626
1666:56,566
1645:10,453
1625:25,600
1605:64,776
1524:led by
1476:at the
1431:北屬𠞺次𠀧
1367:北屬𠞺次𠄩
1353:of the
1138:Context
1126:context
1030:chữ Nôm
978:Vietnam
840:Economy
740:738–902
736:Nanzhao
730:550–781
720:300–800
669:Đổi Mới
393:968–980
383:965–968
373:939–965
346:602–938
336:544–602
259:–258 BC
257:2879 BC
243:Ancient
49:Vietnam
3858:Soviet
3662:Africa
3508:Sweden
3498:Serbia
3488:Russia
3473:Poland
3468:Norway
3438:Kosovo
3413:Greece
3403:France
3383:Cyprus
3346:Europe
3305:Turkey
3290:Taiwan
3164:Israel
3124:Brunei
3119:Bhutan
3053:Panama
3043:Mexico
2983:Canada
2978:Brazil
2932:Zambia
2927:Uganda
2867:Rwanda
2822:Malawi
2782:Guinea
2772:Gambia
2682:Angola
2670:Africa
2587:
2569:
2550:
2527:
2499:
2471:
2434:
2415:
2292:
2008:
1971:
1560:Period
1526:Lê Lợi
1514:defeat
1494:北屬𠞺次四
1411:Lý Bôn
1351:revolt
1315:北屬𠞺次一
1258:, and
1132:, and
958:Nanyue
726:Chenla
706:Champa
700:68–627
326:43–544
161:Bronze
40:on the
3672:BRICS
3594:Tonga
3584:Samoa
3564:Nauru
3503:Spain
3433:Italy
3337:Yemen
3285:Syria
3253:Qatar
3221:Nepal
3169:Japan
3144:India
3028:Haiti
2988:Chile
2907:Sudan
2857:Niger
2812:Libya
2797:Kenya
2777:Ghana
2767:Gabon
2747:Egypt
2687:Benin
2006:S2CID
1865:Notes
1776:1417
1755:1408
1302:Year
1240:Muong
1159:Annan
1099:uses
974:China
875:Women
870:Naval
865:Names
696:Funan
316:40–43
3574:Niue
3549:Fiji
3191:Laos
3159:Iraq
3154:Iran
3092:Asia
3058:Peru
3003:Cuba
2917:Togo
2827:Mali
2722:Chad
2585:ISBN
2567:ISBN
2548:ISBN
2525:ISBN
2497:ISBN
2469:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2413:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2138:help
2119:2023
1969:ISBN
1728:807
1701:740
1653:609
1592:140
1554:Year
1266:and
1228:Thai
1114:Tang
1103:and
1068:and
1066:Trần
1000:and
994:Hong
562:1945
163:and
2282:doi
1998:doi
1421:).
1236:Lao
1161:or
1110:Han
1048:Yue
1006:Han
938:or
3911::
3771:/
2546:.
2542:.
2371:^
2348:^
2321:^
2304:^
2288:.
2090:^
2004:.
1994:57
1992:.
1768:-
1750:-
1744:)
1717:)
1690:)
1669:-
1648:-
1628:-
1571:2
1540:.
1534:大越
1484:.
1462:or
1419:萬春
1357:.
1282:.
1254:,
1238:,
1234:,
1230:,
1218:.
1171:Li
1136:.
1128:,
1070:Lê
1020:.
998:Cả
996:,
976:,
948:.
3764:)
3760:(
3752:)
3748:(
2633:e
2626:t
2619:v
2593:.
2556:.
2533:.
2505:.
2477:.
2440:.
2421:.
2298:.
2284::
2140:)
2121:.
2012:.
2000::
1977:.
1740:(
1713:(
1686:(
1112:-
1108:(
924:e
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910:v
20:)
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