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414:. The prompt emission of the burst far surpassed anything before it, far exceeding four previous GRB record-holders, as no GRB had been recorded delivering more than 500,000 gamma-ray photons-per-second, yet this GRB peaked at over 6 million photons-per-second. The burst was so bright that it blinded most gamma-ray instruments in space, preventing a true recording of its intensity. It was even detected by satellites not designed to detect gamma-ray bursts, such as
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generate an afterglow in X-ray frequencies, usually seen as concentric rings of scattered X-rays with the gamma ray burst at the center. GRB 221009A is only the seventh gamma-ray burst known to have generated these rings, and as of March 2023, a record twenty X-ray afterglow rings had been identified around the burst, triple the previous record. The afterglow of GRB 221009A was the brightest ever recorded, beating the record of
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422:. GRB 221009A could have produced multi-TeV gamma rays for more than a week after the prompt phase, with this feature being unique to GRB 221009A, far longer compared to other bursts such as GRB 180720B, which produced multi-TeV gamma rays for ten hours after the prompt phase, and GRB 190829A, which produced multi-TeV gamma rays for nearly three days after the prompt phase.
262:) photons ever witnessed by scientific instrumentation. Before GRB 221009A, the number of very high-energy photons detected over the entire history of GRB astronomy numbered only a few hundred. The burst also marked the first time that very high-energy (VHE) photon emissions from a GRB were detected during the early epoch. When the burst's radiation arrived at Earth the
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3299:
Ravasio, Maria Edvige; Salafia, Om Sharan; Oganesyan, Gor; Mei, Alessio; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; Ascenzi, Stefano; Banerjee, Biswajit; Macera, Samanta; Branchesi, Marica; Jonker, Peter G.; Levan, Andrew J.; Malesani, Daniele B.; Mulrey, Katharine B.; Giuliani, Andrea; Celotti, Annalisa (July 26, 2024).
2327:
Blanchard, Peter K.; Villar, V. Ashley; Chornock, Ryan; Laskar, Tanmoy; Li, Yijia; Leja, Joel; Pierel, Justin; Berger, Edo; Margutti, Raffaella; Alexander, Kate D.; Barnes, Jennifer; Cendes, Yvette; Eftekhari, Tarraneh; Kasen, Daniel; LeBaron, Natalie; Metzger, Brian D.; Muzerolle Page, James; Rest,
501:
revealed with 6.2Ï significance an emission line 5 minutes after the burst was detected and after it had dimmed enough to end saturation effects of the instruments. The signal persisted for at least 40 seconds, and reached a peak with energy of about 12 MeV and luminosity of about 0.43Ă10 erg/s that
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and you converted all of it into pure energy, it still wouldn't match this event. There's just nothing comparable." The power of gamma-ray bursts may be gauged by the degree of interaction between the gamma rays they emit and the ubiquitous lanes of interstellar dust in deep space. Such interactions
531:. Studies of 221009A and similarly extreme events are at present humanity's only access to particles with energies larger than any that can be generated artificially. The close examination of 221009A may eventually yield physical explanations that are neither predicted by nor accounted for in the
213:
to be ~ 2.1 Ă 10 W and by Fermi Gamma-ray Burst
Monitor to be ~ 1.0 Ă 10 W over its 1.024s interval. A burst as energetic and as close to Earth as 221009A is thought to be a once-in-10,000-year event. It was the brightest and most energetic gamma-ray burst ever recorded, with some dubbing it the
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Through comparison of data collected by different observatories, scientists concluded that the 221009A event was 50 to 70 times brighter than the previous record holder, along with it being far more energetic than the previous record holder. The extremely bright peak and long afterglow may help
988:
Voshchepynets, Andrii; Agapitov, Oleksiy; Wilson, Lynn; Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Alnussirat, Samer T.; Balikhin, Michael; Hlebena, Myroslava; Korol, Ihor; Larson, Davin; Mitchell, David; Owen, Christopher; Rahmati, Ali; Analysis, Department of System; Theory, Optimization; University, Uzhhorod
1671:
MAGIC Collaboration; Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Baack, D.; BabiÄ, A.; Banerjee, B.; de
Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; GonzĂĄlez, J. Becerra; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A. (November 21, 2019). "Teraelectronvolt emission from the
922:
Piersanti, Mirko; Ubertini, Pietro; Battiston, Roberto; Bazzano, Angela; D'Angelo, Giulia; Rodi, James G.; Diego, Piero; Zeren, Zhima; Ammendola, Roberto; Badoni, Davide; Bartocci, Simona; BeolĂš, Stefania; Bertello, Igor; Burger, William J.; Campana, Donatella (November 14, 2023).
473:, are among the most energetic events ever. However, AT 2021lwx occurred over a span of three years, while the eruptions were high-energy low-power events occurring over millions of years as compared to GRB 221009A, which occurred over a minuscule time frame in comparison. In the
2087:
Negro, Michela; Di Lalla, NiccolĂČ; Omodei, Nicola; Veres, PĂ©ter; Silvestri, Stefano; Manfreda, Alberto; Burns, Eric; Baldini, Luca; Costa, Enrico; Ehlert, Steven R.; Kennea, Jamie A.; Liodakis, Ioannis; Marshall, Herman L.; Mereghetti, Sandro; Middei, Riccardo (March 1, 2023).
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242:, from radio emissions to gamma rays. Radio signals broadcast by the winding down of whatever process created the initial burst will likely linger for years to come. This broadband emission offers the rare opportunity to study normally-fleeting GRBs in great detail.
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physicists study the manner in which matter interacts at relativistic speeds, the only known regime capable of generating gamma ray photons with more than 100 GeV of energy. GRB 221009A has enabled scientists to impose stringent limits on any violations of
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Tiengo, Andrea; Pintore, Fabio; Vaia, Beatrice; Filippi, Simone; Sacchi, Andrea; Esposito, Paolo; Rigoselli, Michela; Mereghetti, Sandro; Salvaterra, Ruben; Siljeg, Barbara; Bracco, Andrea; Bosnjak, Zeljka; Jelic, Vibor; Campana, Sergio (March 1, 2023).
1741:
H.E.S.S. Collaboration; Abdalla, H.; Aharonian, F.; Ait
Benkhali, F.; AngĂŒner, E. O.; Arcaro, C.; Armand, C.; Armstrong, T.; Ashkar, H.; Backes, M.; Baghmanyan, V.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Barnacka, A.; Barnard, M.; Becherini, Y. (June 4, 2021).
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dominates, as compared to the night-time ionosphere, which is much more sensitive to external disturbances, when solar radiation is not dominating, showing just how large the burst was. It also disrupted longwave radio communications.
623:
406:. It had the largest amount of energy ever recorded in the TeV range, and had the most energetic photons ever recorded for a GRB, peaking at 18 TeV. The burst was ten times brighter than any previous GRB detected by the
282:, which had up to 1 TeV of energy, and GRB 190829A, which had up to 3.3 TeV of energy, with 221009A being the first and only GRB so far to have photons above 10 TeV. The burst possibly had the signature of accelerating
204:
on
October 9, 2022. The gamma-ray burst was ten minutes long, but was detectable for more than ten hours following initial detection. Despite being around 2.4 billion light-years away, it was powerful enough to affect
1261:
Aimuratov, Y.; Becerra, L. M.; Bianco, C. L.; Cherubini, C.; Valle, M. Della; Filippi, S.; Li, Liang; Moradi, R.; Rastegarnia, F.; Rueda, J. A.; Ruffini, R.; Sahakyan, N.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, S. R. (September 22, 2023).
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Some astronomers referred to the burst as the "brightest of all time", or by the acronym "BOAT". This claim is certainly not true, but it may be the brightest in human history. Dan Perley, an astrophysicist at the
3040:
Yao, Yu-Hua; Wang, Zhen; Chen, Shi; Chen, Tian-Lu; Feng, You-Liang; Gao, Qi; Gou, Quan-Bu; Guo, Yi-Qing; Hu, Hong-Bo; Kang, Ming-Ming; Li, Hai-Jin; Liu, Chen; Liu, Mao-Yuan; Liu, Wei; Min, Fang-Sheng (2023).
2771:
Kann, D. A.; Agayeva, S.; Aivazyan, V.; Alishov, S.; Andrade, C. M.; Antier, S.; Baransky, A.; Bendjoya, P.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Beradze, S.; Berezin, D.; Boër, M.; Broens, E.; Brunier, S.; Bulla, M. (2023).
2185:
LHAASO Collaboration*â ; Cao, Zhen; Aharonian, F.; An, Q.; Axikegu; Bai, L. X.; Bai, Y. X.; Bao, Y. W.; Bastieri, D.; Bi, X. J.; Bi, Y. J.; Cai, J. T.; Cao, Q.; Cao, W. Y.; Cao, Zhe (June 30, 2023).
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was perturbed for several hours by the burst, though only mildly, as well as an enormous influx of electrically charged particles, showing just how powerful it was. Further, one study described the
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398:. The burst also had the brightest X-ray afterglow ever recorded, with the X-ray afterglow being around a thousand times brighter than the typical GRB. It also had the brightest
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266:(LHAASO) alone saw more than 5,000 such VHE photons. Some of these photons arrived at Earth carrying a record 18 TeV of energy, which is more than can be produced at the
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Frederiks, D.; Svinkin, D.; Lysenko, A. L.; Molkov, S.; Tsvetkova, A.; Ulanov, M.; Ridnaia, A.; Lutovinov, A. A.; Lapshov, I.; Tkachenko, A.; Levin, V. (May 18, 2023).
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Dichiara, S.; Gropp, J. D.; Kennea, J. A.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Lien, A. Y.; Marshall, F. E.; Tohuvavohu, A.; Williams, M. A.; Neil
Gehrels Swift Observatory Team (2022).
445:, meaning the burst had the same effect as a solar flare over 100 trillion times closer, with the burst being equivalent to a C3 to M1 class solar flare based on the
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for the first time, with one study estimating that if cosmic rays were accelerated by the burst, they probably would have reached energies of 1 ZeV or greater (10
2617:
385:, stated that "There is nothing in human experience that comes anywhere remotely close to such an outpouring of energy. Nothing." Eric Burns, an astronomer at
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2774:"GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A: The Standard Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyperluminous Gamma-Ray BurstâIn Gedenken an David Alexander Kann"
1958:
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429:'s atmosphere, having the strongest effect ever recorded by a gamma-ray burst on the planet. It triggered instruments generally reserved for studying
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1011:
3153:"External Inverse-compton and Proton Synchrotron Emission from the Reverse Shock as the Origin of VHE Gamma Rays from the Hyper-bright GRB 221009A"
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209:'s atmosphere, having the strongest effect ever recorded by a gamma-ray burst on the planet. The peak luminosity of GRB 221009A was measured by
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National (2023). "Multi-Point
Detection of the Powerful Gamma Ray Burst GRB221009A Propagation through the Heliosphere on October 9, 2022".
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1523:
The LHAASO collaboration (February 8, 2024). "Stringent Tests of
Lorentz Invariance Violation from LHAASO Observations of GRB 221009A".
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3129:
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Huang, Yong; Hu, Shicong; Chen, Songzhan; Zha, Min; Liu, Cheng; Yao, Zhiguo; Cao, Zhen; Experiment, The Lhaaso (October 1, 2022).
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560:. The image is a combination of 4 exposures in I, J, H, K with two instruments taken in the morning of Friday, October 14, 2022.
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and occurred an estimated 1.9 billion years ago, however its source is now 2.4 billion light-years away from Earth due to the
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Zhang ćŒ , B. Theodore ć
”; Murase, Kohta; Ioka, Kunihito; Song, Deheng; Yuan èą, Chengchao æè¶
; MĂ©szĂĄros, PĂ©ter (April 1, 2023).
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389:, also stated about the energy of the burst that "The energy of this thing is so extreme that if you took the entire
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235:
2413:"Observation of Anomalous Electron Fluxes Induced by GRB221009A on CSES-01 Low-energy Charged Particle Detector"
372:
This chart compares GRB 221009A's prompt emission to that of four previous record-holding long gamma-ray bursts.
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photons with energies exceeding 100 GeV. GRB 221009A is by far the most productive event for very high-energy (
239:
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during the time-of-flight to Earth. The burst's high-intensity emissions spanned 15 orders of magnitude on the
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1980:
Alves
Batista, Rafael (February 1, 2023). "GRB 221009A: a potential source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays".
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blueshifted from the usual 0.511 MeV at which the low-energy case should occur due to strong energy of the
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may have also recorded a single 251-TeV photon from this burst. These detected energies are far more than
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amplitude increase. Also significant is that the burst was detectable in daytime observations, where
2981:
Sahu, Sarira; Medina-Carrillo, B.; PĂĄez-SĂĄnchez, D. I.; SĂĄnchez-ColĂłn, G.; Rajpoot, Subhash (2024).
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679:
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Spectra of GRB 221009A with a peak in two of the intervals in red from possible pair annihilation.
4370:
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3494:
3223:
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2833:"Constraints on the Intergalactic Magnetic Field Strength from Îł-Ray Observations of GRB 221009A"
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3091:"Powerful Gamma-Ray-Burst Caused Significant Disturbance in Earth's Ionosphere, Astronomers Say"
2831:
Huang, Yi-Yun; Dai, Cui-Yuan; Zhang, Hai-Ming; Liu, Ruo-Yu; Wang, Xiang-Yu (September 1, 2023).
925:"Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma ray burst"
489:
1744:"Revealing x-ray and gamma ray temporal and spectral similarities in the GRB 190829A afterglow"
731:"Properties of the Extremely Energetic GRB 221009A from Konus-WIND and SRG/ART-XC Observations"
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or even 3Ă10 erg, to as high as 1.4Ă10 erg, GRB 221009A, together with events such as 1.5Ă10
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2119:
2058:"NASA's IXPE Quickly Observes Aftermath of Incredible Cosmic Blast â "This Is Now or Never""
2024:
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stating that it left an "imprint comparableâŻto thatâŻof a major solar flareâ from the nearby
39:
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3709:
3483:"The power of the rings: the GRB 221009A soft X-ray emission from its dust-scattering halo"
3270:"The AGN Outburst we won't call an explosion and a rock around the Earth | The Daily Space"
2711:"The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo"
425:
Despite being around two billion light-years away, the burst was powerful enough to affect
4326:
4110:
3824:
2330:"JWST detection of a supernova associated with GRB 221009A without an r-process signature"
2003:"Secondary GeV-TeV emission from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays accelerated by GRB 221009A"
873:"A Significant Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance Associated with Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 221009A"
528:
466:
193:
110:
56:
4039:
3363:"Stringent Tests of Lorentz Invariance Violation from LHAASO Observations of GRB 221009A"
3210:
Rudolph, Annika; Petropoulou, Maria; Winter, Walter; BoĆĄnjak, Ćœeljka (February 1, 2023).
2187:"A teraâelectron volt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst"
581:
in the Milky Way scattered the x-ray emission of the gamma-ray burst, creating the rings.
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756:
477:, the isotropic total of the burst is its true energy total. Noted physicist and author
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4044:
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666:
532:
3301:
3043:"Prospects for Detecting Îł-Ray Bursts at Very High Energies with the HADAR Experiment"
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1954:
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1592:
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908:
434:
98:
3122:"Most powerful gamma-ray burst ever seen could help reveal how black holes are born"
4219:
4139:
4054:
4034:
3888:
3724:
3378:
553:
287:
2983:"A Photohadronic Interpretation of H.E.S.S. Afterglow Observations of GRB 221009A"
1938:
789:
1832:"LHAASO observed GRB 221009A with more than 5000 VHE photons up to around 18 TeV"
593:
Timelapse from images captured over 12 days by the X-ray
Telescope aboard NASAâs
329:(JWST) have confirmed that GRB 221009A was caused by a massive star undergoing a
4248:
4163:
4009:
2298:"Insight-HXMT and GECAM-C observations of the brightest-of-all-time GRB 221009A"
1224:
833:"Scientists Just Detected a Colossal Gamma-Ray Burst, And It's a Record-Breaker"
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Sahu, Sarira; Medina-Carrillo, B.; SĂĄnchez-ColĂłn, G.; Rajpoot, Subhash (2023).
1429:
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730:
577:'s X-ray image of GRB 221009A shows circular rings around the gamma-ray burst.
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1703:
1229:"Explaining GRB 221009A, the greatest cosmic explosion humanity has ever seen"
684:
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described it as being the "greatest cosmic explosion humanity has ever seen".
462:
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353:
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3196:
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3026:
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2817:
2680:"Brightest-ever gamma-ray burst (the "BOAT") continues to puzzle astronomers"
2652:
2353:
2220:
2133:
2019:
1946:
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1307:
956:
774:
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2952:"Gamma Ray Burst Was So Bright It Blinded Almost All Equipment to Detect It"
2212:
1777:
415:
338:
330:
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179:
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3340:"NASA Missions Study What May Be a 1-In-10,000-Year Gamma-ray Burst - NASA"
2560:
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1793:
1719:
1493:
974:
2328:
Armin; Sears, Huei; Siegel, Daniel M.; Yadavalli, S. Karthik (June 2024).
166:
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3848:
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3776:
3745:
3733:
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3658:
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3635:
3421:"The brightest blast ever seen in space continues to surprise scientists"
3302:"A megaâelectron volt emission line in the spectrum of a gamma-ray burst"
306:
146:
2447:
2382:"The Brightest Gamma-Ray Burst Ever Recorded Rattled Earth's Atmosphere"
1188:"Recent gamma-ray burst was 70 times brighter than any cosmic explosion"
702:, second-brightest gamma-ray burst by gamma-ray fluence with 3Ă10 erg cm
17:
4223:
3958:
2891:"The BOAT Show: Unprecedented Gamma-Ray Burst Illuminates the Universe"
2029:
349:
231:
103:
3641:
3553:"Collection: Focus on the Ultra-luminous Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 221009A"
2610:"The 'Brightest of All Time' Gamma-Ray Burst Sparks a Supernova Hunt"
1012:"Astronomers have just watched the most powerful explosion ever seen"
614:
2579:"Brightest Cosmic Explosion Ever Detected Had Other Unique Features"
1158:"NASA Missions Study What May Be a 1-In-10,000-Year Gamma-ray Burst"
629:
Near-infrared afterglow and host galaxy. Second brightest gamma-ray
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995:
889:
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790:"Swift J1913.1+1946 a new bright hard X-ray and optical transient"
597:. Rings appear as dust in our galaxy scatter the light back to us.
557:
488:
426:
367:
345:
206:
3563:
3212:"Multi-messenger Model for the Prompt Emission from GRB 221009A"
302:
271:
3567:
1642:"This Powerful Gamma-Ray Blast Was the 'Brightest of All Time'"
1463:"Brightest-Ever Space Explosion Could Help Explain Dark Matter"
1361:"Brightest Gamma-ray Burst Shines Light on Milky Way Structure"
1330:"NASA's Swift, Fermi Missions Detect Exceptional Cosmic Blast"
458:
442:
390:
1264:"GRB-SN Association within the Binary-driven Hypernova Model"
535:. It has become the most studied gamma-ray burst in history.
552:
Near-simultaneous observations were made of GRB221009A from
2007:
Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
3394:"Gamma-Ray Burst Tightens Constraints on Quantum Gravity"
2921:"Focus on the Ultra-luminous Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 221009A"
2641:"Cosmic explosion last year may be 'brightest ever seen'"
2156:"ESA spacecraft catch the brightest ever gamma-ray burst"
1608:"Astronomers are captivated by brightest flash ever seen"
410:. It was the brightest and most intense GRB detected by
360:
of this gamma-ray burst as having an unusual structure.
301:(NICER), the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI), the
294:, which is the highest-energy cosmic ray ever observed.
1050:"Focusing on the Brightest Gamma-ray Burst of All Time"
1905:"Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray signature in GRB 221009A"
708:, second most powerful gamma-ray burst with 8.8Ă10 erg
1492:
Nemiroff, Robert; Jerry, Bonnell (October 15, 2022).
290:), almost an order of magnitude or greater, than the
4338:
4299:
4125:
3967:
3760:
3723:
3621:
2509:"A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A"
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
270:(LHC) at the European Center for Nuclear Research (
155:
145:
131:
121:
109:
97:
83:
75:
62:
52:
1903:Das, Saikat; Razzaque, Soebur (February 1, 2023).
1549:"Deciphering the ~18 TeV Photons from GRB 221009A"
457:With a radiated isotropic-energy of around 1.2Ă10
44:Ten-hour timelapse of GRB 221009A, as seen by the
2475:"Brightest gamma-ray burst yet lights up the sky"
192:was an extraordinarily bright and very energetic
2507:O'Connor, Brennan; et al. (June 7, 2023).
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
307:International Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory
2296:Chinese Academy of Sciences (March 28, 2023).
3579:
1874:"TeV photons challenge standard explanations"
871:Hayes, Laura A.; Gallagher, Peter T. (2023).
297:GRB 221009A was subsequently observed by the
8:
3361:The LHAASO Collaboration (August 15, 2024).
32:
1395:"The Radio to GeV Afterglow of GRB 221009A"
633:burst photographed by Webb, for comparison.
402:afterglow ever recorded once corrected for
230:GRB 221009A came from the constellation of
3971:
3586:
3572:
3564:
2264:"LHAASO-ing the brightest gamma-ray burst"
1461:O'Callaghan, Jonathan (October 26, 2022).
883:(10). American Astronomical Society: 222.
609:Near-infrared afterglow and host seen by
315:Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory
299:Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer
264:Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory
38:
3516:
3498:
3245:
3227:
3186:
3168:
3066:
3016:
2998:
2866:
2848:
2807:
2789:
2744:
2726:
2550:
2524:
2446:
2436:
2417:The Astrophysical Physics Journal Letters
2361:
2202:
2123:
2105:
2028:
2018:
1985:
1920:
1759:
1685:
1582:
1564:
1528:
1428:
1410:
1297:
1279:
1123:
1105:
994:
964:
898:
888:
764:
746:
127:+19° 46′ 24.6″
4417:Astronomical objects discovered in 2022
3280:from the original on September 10, 2021
2962:from the original on September 29, 2023
2931:from the original on September 30, 2023
2901:from the original on September 29, 2023
2690:from the original on September 29, 2023
2659:from the original on September 28, 2023
1371:from the original on September 18, 2023
1239:from the original on September 29, 2023
1198:from the original on September 29, 2023
1164:from the original on September 23, 2023
718:
564:
542:
341:, the first supernova linked to a GRB.
3120:Pultarova, Tereza (October 18, 2022).
3101:from the original on February 16, 2024
2766:
2764:
2678:Ouellette, Jennifer (March 30, 2023).
2572:
2570:
2502:
2500:
2468:
2466:
2037:from the original on December 13, 2023
1825:
1823:
1542:
1540:
1256:
1254:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
31:
3132:from the original on October 18, 2022
2620:from the original on October 27, 2022
2485:from the original on October 27, 2022
2392:from the original on January 12, 2023
2291:
2289:
2166:from the original on January 12, 2023
2068:from the original on January 12, 2023
2056:Maginot, Hannah (December 29, 2022).
1884:from the original on November 2, 2023
1854:from the original on November 7, 2023
1808:from the original on November 2, 2023
1652:from the original on January 12, 2023
1635:
1633:
1473:from the original on October 27, 2022
1388:
1386:
1181:
1179:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:from the original on October 12, 2023
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
812:from the original on October 14, 2022
724:
722:
274:). Russia's Carpet-2 facility at the
7:
3392:Stephens, Marric (August 15, 2024).
2709:Tiengo, Andrea; et al. (2023).
2001:Mirabal, Nestor (February 1, 2023).
1504:from the original on January 9, 2023
1393:Laskar, Tanmoy; et al. (2023).
1340:from the original on August 20, 2023
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
831:Starr, Michelle (October 12, 2022).
2411:Battiston, R.; et al. (2023).
2308:from the original on March 29, 2023
1961:from the original on April 13, 2024
1640:Sullivan, Will (October 21, 2022).
1328:Reddy, Francis (October 13, 2022).
1060:from the original on April 12, 2023
3461:from the original on April 1, 2023
2950:Landymore, Frank (April 2, 2023).
2274:from the original on July 16, 2023
2262:Thwaites, Jessie (July 13, 2023).
2243:from the original on July 16, 2023
1359:Dickinson, David (April 6, 2023).
1334:NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
303:Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
25:
3487:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
3400:. American Physical Society (APS)
3216:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
3157:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2837:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2778:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2715:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2589:from the original on July 7, 2023
2473:Japelj, Jure (October 17, 2023).
2094:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1618:from the original on May 24, 2023
1606:Ahmed, Issam (October 16, 2022).
1553:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1399:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1186:Ionescu, Andrei (June 11, 2023).
1156:Reddy, Francis (March 28, 2023).
1094:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1088:Burns, Eric; et al. (2023).
1048:Hensley, Kerry (March 29, 2023).
843:from the original on May 28, 2023
735:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
352:picked up signs that the Earth's
4376:
4375:
4364:
4301:
4129:
3714:
3708:
3625:
2608:Miller, Katrina (October 2022).
1010:Crane, Leah (October 17, 2022).
659:
645:
622:
602:
586:
567:
545:
527:proposed in certain theories of
383:Liverpool John Moores University
196:(GRB) jointly discovered by the
165:
3419:Kruesi, Liz (August 16, 2023).
3095:Sci.News: Breaking Science News
2639:Ambrose, Tom (March 28, 2023).
2577:Greicius, Tony (June 8, 2023).
499:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
471:Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption
379:Astrophysics Research Institute
252:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
202:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
92:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
46:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
3379:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.071501
2090:"The IXPE View of GRB 221009A"
1672:gamma-ray burst GRB 190114C".
595:Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory
504:electronâpositron annihilation
198:Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory
1:
475:binary-driven hypernova model
284:ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
135:
66:
4391:Category:2023 in outer space
4386:Category:2022 in outer space
4381:Category:2021 in outer space
3451:"Telescopes Standing Sentry"
1909:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1498:Astronomy Picture of the Day
497:Reanalysis of the data from
254:'s detector, which captured
1939:10.1051/0004-6361/202245377
510:which itself can look as a
276:Baksan Neutrino Observatory
4438:
2346:10.1038/s41550-024-02237-4
949:10.1038/s41467-023-42551-5
485:Possible pair annihilation
387:Louisiana State University
327:James Webb Space Telescope
317:(LHASSO) and many others.
4359:
3974:
3771:Asteroid close approaches
3706:
3599:
3047:The Astrophysical Journal
2987:The Astrophysical Journal
1704:10.1038/s41586-019-1750-x
1268:The Astrophysical Journal
877:Research Notes of the AAS
794:The Astronomer's Telegram
236:expansion of the universe
176:
163:
71:(detected 9 October 2022)
37:
4317:73P/SchwassmannâWachmann
3518:10.3847/2041-8213/acc1dc
3247:10.3847/2041-8213/acb6d7
3188:10.3847/2041-8213/acc79f
3068:10.3847/1538-4357/ad05d1
3018:10.3847/1538-4357/ad175f
2868:10.3847/2041-8213/acf66a
2809:10.3847/2041-8213/acc8d0
2746:10.3847/2041-8213/acc1dc
2438:10.3847/2041-8213/acc247
2125:10.3847/2041-8213/acba17
1584:10.3847/2041-8213/acac2f
1430:10.3847/2041-8213/acbfad
1299:10.3847/1538-4357/ace721
1125:10.3847/2041-8213/acc39c
900:10.3847/2515-5172/ac9d2f
766:10.3847/2041-8213/acd1eb
675:List of gamma-ray bursts
518:Relevance to new physics
502:has been interpreted as
469:event, and the 5Ă10 erg
250:The burst saturated the
240:electromagnetic spectrum
171:Related media on Commons
4352:impact; September 2022)
4091:Webb's First Deep Field
3367:Physical Review Letters
3318:10.1126/science.adj3638
2213:10.1126/science.adg9328
1931:2023A&A...670L..12D
1836:GRB Coordinates Network
1778:10.1126/science.abe8560
1090:"GRB 221009A: The BOAT"
344:Lightning detectors in
333:. The supernova was a
4371:Outer space portal
3695:Emirates Lunar Mission
2543:10.1126/sciadv.adi1405
2020:10.1093/mnrasl/slac157
494:
373:
337:supernova, similar to
325:Observations with the
69:1.9 billion years ago
4322:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
4312:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
3276:. February 28, 2020.
3097:. November 17, 2023.
2160:European Space Agency
929:Nature Communications
492:
371:
313:space telescope, the
268:Large Hadron Collider
220:Brightest Of All Time
4262:OGLE-2018-BLG-1119Lb
3623:Space probe launches
2162:. October 21, 2022.
1646:Smithsonian Magazine
3509:2023ApJ...946L..30T
3425:National Geographic
3238:2023ApJ...944L..34R
3179:2023ApJ...947L..14Z
3059:2023ApJ...958...87Y
3009:2024ApJ...961..224S
2859:2023ApJ...955L..10H
2800:2023ApJ...948L..12K
2737:2023ApJ...946L..30T
2535:2023SciA....9I1405O
2479:Sky & Telescope
2429:2023ApJ...946L..29B
2386:Scientific American
2197:(6652): 1390â1396.
2116:2023ApJ...946L..21N
1848:2022GCN.32677....1H
1770:2021Sci...372.1081H
1754:(6546): 1081â1085.
1696:2019Natur.575..455M
1575:2023ApJ...942L..30S
1421:2023ApJ...946L..23L
1290:2023ApJ...955...93A
1116:2023ApJ...946L..31B
941:2023NatCo..14.7013P
806:2022ATel15650....1D
757:2023ApJ...949L...7F
680:Gamma-ray astronomy
437:Laura Hayes at the
34:
4272:Proxima Centauri d
4202:K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb
4095:SMACS J0723.3â7327
4050:OGLE-2011-BLG-0462
4005:Alcyoneus (galaxy)
3691:Hakuto-R Mission 1
3557:iopscience.iop.org
3431:on August 16, 2023
2925:iopscience.iop.org
2897:. April 20, 2023.
525:Lorentz invariance
495:
374:
292:Oh-My-God particle
159:Swift J1913.1+1946
156:Other designations
4399:
4398:
4339:Space exploration
4295:
4294:
3312:(6707): 452â455.
1880:. March 1, 2023.
1680:(7783): 455â458.
1227:(June 13, 2023).
512:superluminial jet
187:
186:
16:(Redirected from
4429:
4412:Gamma-ray bursts
4379:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4305:
4150:
4133:
4117:moons of Jupiter
4000:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3931:
3929:
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3919:
3917:
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3907:
3905:
3904:
3885:
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3808:
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3784:
3782:
3781:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3718:
3712:
3699:Lunar Flashlight
3650:(November 2022)
3629:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3565:
3560:
3539:
3538:
3520:
3502:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3427:. Archived from
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3342:. March 28, 2023
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2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2554:
2528:
2519:(23): eadi1405.
2513:Science Advances
2504:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2380:(January 2023).
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2334:Nature Astronomy
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2293:
2284:
2283:
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2279:
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669:
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663:
655:
653:Astronomy portal
650:
649:
648:
626:
606:
590:
571:
549:
508:relativistic jet
364:Record magnitude
358:relativistic jet
309:(INTEGRAL), the
226:Characterization
180:edit on Wikidata
169:
137:
117:
68:
42:
35:
21:
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4395:
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4355:
4334:
4327:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
4291:
4149:
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4121:
3995:
3994:
3991:
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3704:
3701:(December 2022)
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1467:Quanta Magazine
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435:solar physicist
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194:gamma-ray burst
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111:Right ascension
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57:Gamma-ray burst
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27:Gamma-ray burst
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4220:Kepler-1708b
4159:Gliese 514 b
4140:AB Aurigae b
4055:PKS 2131-021
4035:HD1 (galaxy)
4029:
3889:161989 Cacus
3556:
3490:
3486:
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3454:
3445:
3433:. Retrieved
3429:the original
3424:
3414:
3404:September 6,
3402:. Retrieved
3397:
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3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3334:
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3282:. Retrieved
3273:
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3134:. Retrieved
3125:
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3094:
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2990:
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2955:
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2924:
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2895:SciTechDaily
2894:
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2684:Ars Technica
2683:
2673:
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2645:The Guardian
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2613:
2603:
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2582:
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2478:
2448:11572/377871
2420:
2416:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2385:
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2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2301:
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2267:
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2194:
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2159:
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2093:
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2070:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2041:December 13,
2039:. Retrieved
2010:
2006:
1996:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1912:
1908:
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1886:. Retrieved
1878:CERN Courier
1877:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1839:
1835:
1810:. Retrieved
1751:
1747:
1736:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1645:
1620:. Retrieved
1614:. Phys.org.
1611:
1601:
1559:(L30): L30.
1556:
1552:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1497:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1466:
1402:
1398:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1271:
1267:
1241:. Retrieved
1232:
1225:Lincoln, Don
1200:. Retrieved
1191:
1166:. Retrieved
1097:
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1062:. Retrieved
1053:
1024:. Retrieved
1015:
1005:
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837:ScienceAlert
836:
826:
814:. Retrieved
797:
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554:Gemini South
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