694:
55:
803:. Consequently, it is possible for an Ixodes tick to coinfect a host with either two or all other diseases. When a host is coinfected, the combined effects of the diseases act synergistically, often proving to cause worse symptoms than a single infection alone Coinfected humans tend to display a more severe manifestation of Lyme disease. In addition, they tend to acquire a wider range of secondary symptoms, such as influenza-like symptoms. More studies and research must be done to determine the synergistic effect of co-infection and its effect on the human body.
75:
3241:
740:) seen as an erythematous circle encircling a defined center that expands outward. It can get as large as 15 cm in diameter. Once the rash starts to subside the first symptoms can manifest as "flu-like" symptoms. At this stage, antibiotics are most efficacious to prevent further growth and symptoms of the disease before the major symptoms manifest.
966:
on its membrane receptor, which are specific to the infection of the host. One such membrane receptor is the surface protein OspC. The OspC surface protein is shown to be a strong indicator of the identification of genomic classification and the degree of dissemination. Varying number of OspC loci
2755:
Casjens S, Palmer N, van Vugt R, Huang WM, Stevenson B, Rosa P, Lathigra R, Sutton G, Peterson J, Dodson RJ, Haft D, Hickey E, Gwinn M, White O, Fraser CM (2000). "A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease
946:
genome consists of one megabase chromosome and an unusual variety of circular and linear plasmids ranging in size from 9 to 62 kilobases. The megabase chromosome, unlike many other eubacteria, has no relation to either the bacteria's virulence or to the host-parasite interaction. Some of the
748:
Stage 2 is known as the Early
Disseminated stage and occurs weeks - months after infection if left untreated. The bacteria spreads via the blood through the body to affect the organs. It often presents with general symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy as well as the
1081:
Ecological niches are all of the variables in an environment, such as the resources, competitors, and responses, that contribute to the organism's fitness. Multiple-niche polymorphism states that diversity is maintained within a population due to the varying amount of possible niches and
815:, and the outer surface protein C (OspC) are indicators of the severity of the infection. Additionally, humans, themselves, vary in their response to the infection. The variation in response leads to different clinical manifestations and different infections to different organs.
884:, binds the initiating protease complex C1 of the classical pathway. More specifically, BBK32 interacts with C1r subunit of C1. C-terminal domain of the BBK32 protein mediates the binding. As a result, C1 is trapped in an inactive form.
522:
that is highly selected against during transformation. Since these genes are often paired together, infectivity is selected against in transformation, counteracting research to pinpoint particular genes that function in pathogenicity of
733:
Stage 1 is known as the Early
Localized stage and occurs approximately 3 days - 1 month after inoculation. It affects the local area around the bite and is characterized by local swelling and / or a red "bull's-eye" rash (also known as
1603:
Wasiluk, Anna; Waszkiewicz, Napoleon; Szajda, SĆawomir
Dariusz; WojewĂłdzka-Ć»elezniakowicz, Marzena; KÄpka, Alina; Minarowska, Alina; Zwierz, Zbigniew Wojciech; Pancewicz, SĆawomir; Ćadny, Jerzy Robert; Zwierz, Krzysztof (2012-07-05).
2684:
Garcia, B.L., Zhi, H., Wager, B., Höök, M. & Skare, J.T. 2016, "Borrelia burgdorferi BBK32 Inhibits the
Classical Pathway by Blocking Activation of the C1 Complement Complex", PLoS Pathogens, vol. 12, no.
3151:
VelĂĄzquez, Encarna; Peix, Ălvaro; GĂłmez-Alonso, Alberto (March 2011). "Microorganismos y cĂĄncer: evidencias cientĂficas y nuevas hipĂłtesis" [Microorganisms and cancer: scientific evidence and new hypotheses].
3299:
578:
to humans, but humans are dead-end hosts, unlikely to continue the life cycle of the spirochete. Nymphs molt into adult ticks, which usually feed on larger mammals that are not able to support the survival of
503:
strains appear to be highly insufficient for use in bacterial transformation due to the large amount of DNA needed for transformation, the time it takes to produce reliable transformants, and the influence of
2409:
Guidoboni M, Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Doglioni C, Dolcetti R (January 2006). "Infectious agents in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphomas: pathogenic role and therapeutic perspectives".
2194:
Rollend, Lindsay; Fish, Durland; Childs, James E. (February 2013). "Transovarial transmission of
Borrelia spirochetes by Ixodes scapularis: A summary of the literature and recent observations".
2086:
Ante, Vanessa M.; Farris, Lauren C.; Saputra, Elizabeth P.; Hall, Allie J.; O'Bier, Nathaniel S.; Oliva ChĂĄvez, Adela S.; Marconi, Richard T.; Lybecker, Meghan C.; Hyde, Jenny A. (2021-05-25).
1041:. Balancing selection is the process by which multiple versions of a gene are kept within the gene pool at unexpectedly high frequencies. Two major models that control the selection balance of
3292:
3858:
454:
in between. It is characterized as having a flexible cell well and has cells that are long and cylindrical with them being roughly 1 micron wide. However, the outer membrane lacks
2615:"Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention, Amelioration, and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases: The Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes: Workshop Report"
708:(PCDLBCLs), where a review of the primary literature has, as of 2010, noted that most of the PCBCLs examined have been 'unresponsive' to antibiotics; hence, as in the case of
3285:
3181:
KoÄi, Juraj; Bista, Sandhya; Chirania, Payal; Yang, Xiuli; Kitsou, Chrysoula; Rana, Vipin Singh; Yas, Ozlem
Buyuktanir; Sonenshine, Daniel E.; Pal, Utpal (17 March 2021).
1073:, low-frequency variants will be advantageous because potential hosts will be less likely to mount an immunological response to the variant-specific OspC outer protein.
2671:
855:. This interaction inhibits proper function of the infected areas, leading to the pathological manifestations of Lyme disease. In response, the host will initiate an
3832:
705:
1191:
Wolcott, Katherine A.; Margos, Gabriele; Fingerle, Volker; Becker, Noémie S. (September 2021). "Host association of
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: A review".
1069:
In negative frequency-dependent selection, rare and uncommon variants will have a selective advantage over variants that are very common in an environment. For
1013:
species that cause Lyme
Disease. Current research aims to use bacteriophages as way of identifying virulence factors in spirochaetes that lead to Lyme Disease.
3320:
1005:
phages is ÏBB-1, a phage with a polyhedral head and a contractile tail of 90 nm in length. ÏBB-1 was the first bacteriophage that provided evidence of
715:
811:
So far, there are three factors that may contribute to the severity of the clinical manifestation of Lyme
Disease. The presence of ribosomal spacers,
3806:
765:(which if significant enough may require the insertion of a pacemaker). It can affect the musculoskeletal system causing non-inflammatory transient
3845:
1606:"Alpha fucosidase and beta galactosidase in serum of a Lyme disease patients as a possible marker of accelerated senescence - a preliminary study"
693:
3272:
1482:"Borrelia burgdorferi, a Pathogen That Lacks Iron, Encodes Manganese-dependent Superoxide Dismutase Essential for Resistance to Streptonigrin"
415:
sps., this bacterium is also gram-negative and a spirochete. Borrelia colonies are often smaller, rounded, and white with an elevated center.
2526:
1895:
1168:
1141:
3914:
880:
has a strategy to directly inhibit the classical pathway of complement system. A borrelial lipoprotein BBK32, expressed on the surface of
3899:
785:
Stage 3 is known as the Late
Disseminated stage and occurs months - years after the initial infection. Effects of the 3rd stage include
472:
set at each end that allow the bacterium to move in low- and high-viscosity media alike, which is related to its high virulence factor.
936:
3131:
2967:
1564:
3183:"Antibodies against EGF-like domains in Ixodes scapularis BM86 orthologs impact tick feeding and survival of Borrelia burgdorferi"
505:
3850:
3005:
Eggers, Christian H.; Kimmel, Betsy J.; Bono, James L.; Elias, Abdallah F.; Rosa, Patricia; Samuels, D. Scott (2001-08-15).
1653:
Pappas, Christopher J.; Iyer, Radha; Petzke, Mary M.; Caimano, Melissa J.; Radolf, Justin D.; Schwartz, Ira (2011-07-07).
1046:
3693:
3368:
2088:"The Borrelia burgdorferi Adenylate Cyclase, CyaB, Is Important for Virulence Factor Production and Mammalian Infection"
1815:
Motaleb, Mohammed; Corum, Linda; Bono, James; Elias, Abdallah; Rosa, Patricia; Samuels, D. Scott; Charon, Nyles (2000).
566:
living in a tick is mainly acquired through blood meals from an infected, competent vertebrate host, but rare cases of
1160:
Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Spirochetes: Genomics, Molecular Biology, Host Interactions, and Disease Pathogenesis
2918:
Eggers, C. H.; Casjens, S.; Hayes, S. F.; Garon, C. F.; Damman, C. J.; Oliver, D. B.; Samuels, D. S. (October 2000).
722:
is truly associated with PCBCL, then there is wide geographic variability and other factors are probably involved".
3277:
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736:
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54:
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is a microaerophile, requiring small amounts of oxygen in order to undergo glycolysis and survive. Like all other
3684:
3665:
3631:
567:
492:
74:
35:
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exists in North America and Eurasia and until 2016 was the only known cause of Lyme disease in North America.
3677:
3256:
1086:, varying vertebrae niches, such as deer and mice, can affect the overall balancing selection for variants.
1006:
432:
3720:
3670:
3511:
3312:
1050:
905:
762:
710:
652:
Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is best known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as
435:(ROS). The bacterium appears able to utilize many different monosaccharides for use in energy production.
3909:
3645:
3576:
2665:
1655:"Borrelia burgdorferi Requires Glycerol for Maximum Fitness During The Tick Phase of the Enzootic Cycle"
1082:
environments. Therefore, the more various niches the more likelihood of polymophrism and diversity. For
911:
621:
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in humans. Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the
159:
1418:
Shi, Wenyuan; Yang, Zhaomin; Geng, Yongzhi; Wolinsky, Lawrence E.; Lovett, Michael A. (January 1998).
3780:
3624:
3617:
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1828:
1313:
924:
852:
428:
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1768:"Spirochetal motility and chemotaxis in the natural enzootic cycle and development of Lyme disease"
1030:
3267:
1227:
3555:
3381:
3358:
3093:
2985:
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Theisen, M.; Borre, M.; Mathiesen, M. J.; Mikkelsen, B.; Lebech, A. M.; Hansen, K. (1995-06-01).
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687:
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and is why this bacteria is so important and being studied. It is most commonly transmitted from
455:
69:
974:. The surface protein is also on the forefront of current vaccine research for Lyme disease via
799:
are also common tick-borne pathogens carried by the Ixodes tick that infect humans similarly to
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3169:
3127:
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3026:
2973:
2963:
2939:
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2900:
2882:
2841:
2823:
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2729:
2653:
2634:"Human complement control and complement evasion by pathogenic microbes â Tipping the balance"
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2568:
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2011:
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on its plasma membrane to facilitate its dissemination throughout the blood. While infecting,
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contribute to varying degrees of infection and dissemination. Each genomic group has varying
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2482:
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2418:
2360:
2352:
2308:
2300:
2289:"Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes"
2259:
2251:
2203:
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2099:
2058:
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2001:
1985:
1948:
1932:
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Samuels DS; Radolf, JD, eds. (2010). "Chapter 6, Structure, Function and Biogenesis of the
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994:. Several phage particles were isolated and some evidence suggested that they had an 8-kb
601:
215:
774:
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has been utilized by researchers in order to isolate specific pathogenic genes among the
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2006:
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1953:
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variants, or the variation of specific traits of the species, in certain environments.
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465:
116:
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2547:
Swanson, Stephen J.; Neitzel, David; Reed, Kurt D.; Belongia, Edward A. (2006-10-01).
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1419:
1390:
1357:
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3039:
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3006:
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1989:
1851:
1817:"Borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions"
1816:
1373:
987:
697:
Characteristic "bull's-eye" (erythema chronicum migrans) rash of stage 1 Lyme disease
483:
is a slow-growing microaerophilic spirochete with a doubling time of 24 to 48 hours.
451:
229:
188:
3863:
3097:
1887:
1721:"Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi glycoconjugates and surface carbohydrates"
3772:
3608:
3427:
2741:
1356:
Kurtti, T. J.; Munderloh, U. G.; Johnson, R. C.; Ahlstrand, G. G. (November 1987).
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856:
828:
792:
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683:
605:
592:
211:
126:
31:
1435:
1300:
Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP (June 1982).
823:
After the pathogen is transmitted, it will acclimate to the mammalian conditions.
3165:
3121:
2649:
2207:
2029:
Brisson, Dustin; Drecktrah, Dan; Eggers, Christian H.; Samuels, D. Scott (2012).
1920:
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1936:
848:
840:
754:
659:
198:
106:
96:
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3206:
2614:
1821:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1540:
865:
also expresses at least seven plasminogen binding proteins for interference of
789:
or meningitis, as well as migratory arthropathies (most commonly of the knee).
458:. Its shape is a flat wave. It is about 0.3 ÎŒm wide and 5 to 20 ÎŒm in length.
3501:
2356:
2147:"The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes Scapularis: An Increasing Public Health Concern"
2104:
1783:
1556:
1268:
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have diversified, and how selection may have affected the distribution of the
796:
770:
679:
675:
555:
447:
222:
17:
3030:
2935:
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2877:
2827:
2572:
2478:
2162:
2113:
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1997:
1944:
1744:
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1551:, vol. 3, no. 3, Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, pp. 167â184,
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by feeding on another vertebrate to complete the cycle. Ticks can transmit
469:
191:
3224:
3173:
3089:
3048:
2962:. Milton H. Saier, Jorge GarcĂa-Lara. Wymondham: Horizon Scientific. 2001.
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2422:
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2374:
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2015:
1962:
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1801:
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1525:
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1212:
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2733:
1752:
1622:
1605:
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527:. Despite this, some headway has been made in unraveling the mysteries of
225:. The complex currently comprises 20 accepted and 3 proposed genospecies.
3737:
3592:
3405:
3364:
2957:
2564:
2470:
866:
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832:
617:
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in that it has an outer membrane and inner membrane with a thin layer of
420:
206:
136:
86:
3080:
3063:
2304:
3811:
3064:"Fundamental processes in the evolutionary ecology of Lyme borreliosis"
3062:
Kurtenbach K, HanincovĂĄ K, Tsao JI, Margos G, Fish D, Ogden NH (2006).
1105:
873:
evasion strategy that leads to downstream blocking of immune response.
812:
635:
194:
3824:
2633:
2521:. United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc. pp. 658â659.
998:
896:
626:
550:
3714:
773:. It can affect the nervous system manifesting as facial paralysis (
3798:
2804:"Evolution of the Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein OspC"
2724:
2699:
2517:
Tortora, Gerard J.; Funke, Berdell R.; Case, Christine L. (2013).
750:
692:
202:
1976:
Hyde, Jenny A.; Weening, Eric H.; Skare, Jon T. (February 2011).
518:, which is present on a bacterial plasmid that contains the gene
3373:
3007:"Transduction by ÏBB-1, a Bacteriophage of Borrelia burgdorferi"
2700:"Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, B. burgdorferi"
920:
630:
609:
533:
514:
3785:
3718:
3281:
1158:
951:
life cycle but not for propagation of the bacteria in culture.
3123:
Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis
995:
2861:"Vaccination against Lyme disease: past, present, and future"
2698:
Fraser CM, Casjens S, Huang WM, et al. (December 1997).
1251:
Tilly, Kit; Rosa, Patricia A.; Stewart, Philip E. (2008).
468:, motile spirochete with seven to 11 bundled perisplasmic
1480:
Troxell, Bryan; Xu, Haijun; Yang, X. Frank (2012-06-01).
1358:"Colony formation and morphology in Borrelia burgdorferi"
1029:, are maintained within the Northeastern United States.
1037:
or a nearby sequence to maintain the genetic variety of
704:
infections have been found in possible association with
423:
that allow it motility. It may be oxidase negative, but
1874:
ZĂŒckert, Wolfram R. (2007). "Laboratory Maintenance of
1545:: Carbon Metabolism and the Tick-Mammal Enzootic Cycle"
967:
are indications and determinants for the variations of
777:, classically bilateral), fatigue, and loss of memory.
2234:
Brisson D, Drecktrah D, Eggers CH, Samuels DS (2012).
1228:"New Lyme-disease-causing bacteria species discovered"
1134:: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis
570:
exist. Once a tick is infected, it will then transmit
2959:
The spirochetes : molecular and cellular biology
2859:
Embers, Monica E.; Narasimhan, Sukanya (2013-02-12).
2444:
2442:
2440:
1719:
HulĂnskĂĄ, D.; Volf, P.; Grubhoffer, L. (April 1992).
718:(MALT lymphoma), the working conclusion was that "if
3727:
3655:
3607:
3543:
3534:
3499:
3490:
3403:
3346:
3337:
3328:
2924:
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
1919:Brisson, Dustin; Dykhuizen, Daniel E (2004-10-01).
649:via its saliva to the human during its blood meal.
2287:Radolf JD, Caimano MJ, Stevenson B, Hu LT (2012).
725:Progression of the disease follows three stages.
2865:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
2341:"Biology of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi"
1253:"Biology of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi"
915:in 1995. Its linear chromosome contains 910,725
706:primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
175:Johnson et al. 1984 emend. Baranton et al. 1992
2229:
2227:
2225:
1978:"Genetic Manipulation of Borrelia burgdorferi"
839:will express proteins that will interact with
3293:
2693:
2691:
2632:Zipfel P., Hallström T., Riesbeck K. (2013).
2145:Eisen, Rebecca J.; Eisen, Lars (April 2018).
1539:Corona, Arianna; Schwartz, Ira (2015-08-04),
8:
2670:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2391:. Centers For Disease Control. March 4, 2015
2334:
2332:
869:at the activation level. This is part of a
431:. This protein inhibits the accumulation of
247:, who first isolated the bacterium in 1982.
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2345:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
1257:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
749:organ-specific symptoms. It can affect the
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3540:
3496:
3343:
3334:
3300:
3286:
3278:
1882:. Vol. 4. pp. 12C.1.1â12C.1.10.
1302:"Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis?"
1232:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
716:mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
53:
42:
3214:
3079:
3038:
2894:
2876:
2835:
2723:
2580:
2549:"Coinfections Acquired from Ixodes Ticks"
2486:
2364:
2312:
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2170:
2121:
2103:
2062:
2005:
1952:
1850:
1840:
1791:
1688:
1670:
1621:
1574:
1515:
1497:
1451:
1389:
1276:
1921:"ospC Diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi"
645:). The infected nymphal tick transmits
249:
210:, and is one of the causative agents of
2041:: 10.1146/annurevâgenetâ011112-112140.
1117:
1025:strains, as defined by the sequence of
927:. The sequencing project, published in
2983:
2663:
1065:Negative-frequency dependent selection
1047:negative frequency-dependent selection
537:as essential for mammalian infection.
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2339:Tilly K, Rosa PA, Stewart PE (2008).
1766:Motaleb MA, Liu J, Wooten RM (2015).
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1549:Metabolism and Bacterial Pathogenesis
895:(B31 strain) was the third microbial
690:depending on the stage of infection.
616:for this bacteria. Lyme disease is a
7:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1420:"Chemotaxis in Borrelia burgdorferi"
1413:
1411:
1409:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1157:Radolf JD, Samuels DS, eds. (2021).
859:to attempt to remove the infection.
612:to humans. Humans act as the tick's
3273:Borrelia burgdoferi B31 Genome Page
2256:10.1146/annurev-genet-011112-112140
2047:10.1146/annurev-genet-011112-112140
1610:Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
1486:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
903:, following the sequencing of both
2389:"Signs and Symptoms, Lyme Disease"
2031:"Genetics of Borrelia burgdorferi"
937:The Institute for Genomic Research
25:
2455:"Role of Bacteria in Oncogenesis"
1982:Current Protocols in Microbiology
1880:Current Protocols in Microbiology
923:. The sequencing method used was
3239:
3120:Samuels, D. Scott (2010-01-01).
3023:10.1128/JB.183.16.4771-4778.2001
2820:10.1128/jb.177.11.3036-3044.1995
2774:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x
1990:10.1002/9780471729259.mc12c04s20
1374:10.1128/jcm.25.11.2054-2058.1987
1362:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
714:association with ocular adnexal
506:restriction modification systems
73:
2920:"Bacteriophages of spirochetes"
2411:Clinical Lymphoma & Myeloma
1888:10.1002/9780471729259.mc12c01s4
1772:Current Opinion in Microbiology
1053:. These models may explain how
947:plasmids are necessary for the
34:. For the species complex, see
3268:NCBI Borrelia Taxonomy Browser
1725:Zentralblatt fĂŒr Bakteriologie
531:such as the discovery of gene
243:is named after the researcher
1:
2553:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2519:Microbiology: An Introduction
2459:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2196:Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
1737:10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80672-9
1436:10.1128/JB.180.2.231-235.1998
1193:Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
1009:for lateral gene transfer in
3694:Streptobacillus moniliformis
3166:10.1016/j.ciresp.2010.08.006
3126:. Horizon Scientific Press.
3068:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
2650:10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.222
2293:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
2208:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.06.008
1672:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002102
1205:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101766
427:possesses a gene coding for
3915:Suicide-inducing parasitism
3453:Louse borne relapsing fever
1937:10.1534/genetics.104.028738
1077:Multiple-niche polymorphism
1051:multiple-niche polymorphism
3931:
3900:Bacteria described in 1992
3477:Tick borne relapsing fever
3207:10.1038/s41598-021-85624-5
1163:. Caister Academic Press.
1136:. Caister Academic Press.
935:in 2000, was conducted at
737:erythema chronicum migrans
655:erythema chronicum migrans
590:
508:. In fact, infectivity of
29:
3685:Fusobacterium polymorphum
3666:Fusobacterium necrophorum
3632:Capnocytophaga canimorsus
2357:10.1016/j.idc.2007.12.013
2244:Annual Review of Genetics
2105:10.3389/fmicb.2021.676192
2092:Frontiers in Microbiology
2035:Annual Review of Genetics
1784:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.006
1557:10.1128/9781555818883.ch8
1269:10.1016/j.idc.2007.12.013
1001:. Among the best-studied
568:transovarial transmission
371:
328:
310:Physiological characters
309:
299:Morphological characters
263:
165:
158:
70:Scientific classification
68:
61:
52:
45:
36:Lyme disease microbiology
3639:Porphyromonas gingivalis
3588:Lymphogranuloma venereum
2878:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00006
2163:10.1016/j.pt.2017.12.006
512:often requires the gene
3678:Fusobacterium nucleatum
3011:Journal of Bacteriology
2808:Journal of Bacteriology
1984:. CHAPTER: Unitâ12C.4.
1499:10.1074/jbc.M112.344903
1424:Journal of Bacteriology
1326:10.1126/science.7043737
763:atrioventricular blocks
658:) but can also include
433:reactive oxygen species
356:Oxidative-Fermentative
329:Biochemical characters
3512:Leptospira interrogans
2990:: CS1 maint: others (
2762:Molecular Microbiology
2619:The National Academies
2423:10.3816/CLM.2006.n.003
2151:Trends in Parasitology
1842:10.1073/pnas.200221797
933:Molecular Microbiology
906:Haemophilus influenzae
819:Molecular pathogenesis
711:Chlamydophila psittaci
698:
3646:Prevotella intermedia
3577:Chlamydia trachomatis
1623:10.5603/fhc.2012.0036
912:Mycoplasma genitalium
857:inflammatory response
807:Variation of severity
696:
633:(also the vector for
30:For the disease, see
3864:borrelia-burgdorferi
3759:Borrelia burgdorferi
3729:Borrelia burgdorferi
3625:Tannerella forsythia
3618:Bacteroides fragilis
3568:Chlamydia pneumoniae
3448:Borrelia recurrentis
3416:Borrelia burgdorferi
3257:Borrelia burgdorferi
2638:Molecular Immunology
2613:Weis, Janet (2011).
2565:10.1128/CMR.00011-06
2471:10.1128/CMR.00012-10
1876:Borrelia burgdorferi
1543:Borrelia burgdorferi
1021:Genetically diverse
990:are known to infect
925:whole genome shotgun
882:Borrelia burgdorferi
878:Borrelia burgdorferi
863:Borrelia burgdorferi
853:extracellular matrix
825:Borrelia burgdorferi
801:Borrelia burgdorferi
622:vector-borne disease
525:Borrelia burgdorferi
497:Borrelia burgdorferi
429:superoxide dismutase
409:Borrelia burgdorferi
321:Growth at 6.5% NaCl
241:Borrelia burgdorferi
220:Borrelia burgdorferi
184:Borrelia burgdorferi
169:Borrelia burgdorferi
63:Borrelia burgdorferi
47:Borrelia burgdorferi
3671:Lemierre's syndrome
3394:Treponema denticola
3199:2021NatSR..11.6095K
3081:10.1038/nrmicro1475
2716:1997Natur.390..580F
2305:10.1038/nrmicro2714
1833:2000PNAS...9710899M
1827:(20): 10899â10904.
1492:(23): 19284â19293.
1318:1982Sci...216.1317B
1031:Balancing selection
624:transmitted by the
548:circulates between
151:B. burgdorferi
27:Species of bacteria
3556:Chlamydia psittaci
3382:Treponema carateum
3359:Treponema pallidum
3309:Bacterial diseases
3187:Scientific Reports
1226:CDC (2016-02-08).
956:genomic variations
699:
688:facial nerve palsy
456:lipopolysaccharide
264:Colony characters
3887:
3886:
3872:Open Tree of Life
3721:Taxon identifiers
3712:
3711:
3603:
3602:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3486:
3485:
3017:(16): 4771â4778.
2814:(11): 3036â3044.
2528:978-0-321-73360-3
1897:978-0-471-72925-9
1368:(11): 2054â2058.
1170:978-1-913652-61-6
1143:978-1-904455-58-5
871:complement system
841:endothelial cells
406:
405:
180:
179:
16:(Redirected from
3922:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3854:
3853:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3814:
3802:
3801:
3789:
3788:
3776:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3716:
3541:
3497:
3472:Borrelia parkeri
3466:Borrelia duttoni
3460:Borrelia hermsii
3438:Neuroborreliosis
3433:Erythema migrans
3422:Borrelia afzelii
3344:
3335:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3279:
3243:
3242:
3228:
3218:
3177:
3154:CirugĂa Española
3138:
3137:
3117:
3102:
3101:
3083:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2981:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2880:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2727:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2661:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2610:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2544:
2533:
2532:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2446:
2435:
2434:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2351:(2): 217â34, v.
2336:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2231:
2220:
2219:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2107:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1716:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1674:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1625:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1578:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1519:
1501:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1415:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1353:
1338:
1337:
1312:(4552): 1317â9.
1297:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1188:
1175:
1174:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1129:Cell Envelope".
1122:
945:
827:will change its
446:resembles other
364:ÎČ-Galactosidase
259:Characteristics
250:
245:Willy Burgdorfer
171:
78:
77:
57:
43:
21:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3849:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3703:Haverhill fever
3651:
3599:
3522:
3482:
3399:
3339:Spirochaetaceae
3324:
3306:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3180:
3150:
3147:
3145:Further reading
3142:
3141:
3134:
3119:
3118:
3105:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2982:
2970:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2801:
2800:
2789:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2710:(6660): 580â6.
2697:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2662:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2598:
2546:
2545:
2536:
2529:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2448:
2447:
2438:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2233:
2232:
2223:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2028:
2027:
2023:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1898:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1665:(7): e1002102.
1652:
1651:
1647:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1567:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1355:
1354:
1341:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1171:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1092:
1079:
1067:
1019:
986:Relatively few
984:
943:
890:
821:
809:
783:
746:
731:
602:causative agent
595:
589:
543:
529:B. burgdorferi,
489:
478:
441:
372:Utilization of
238:
216:species complex
176:
173:
167:
154:
72:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3928:
3926:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3842:
3829:
3816:
3803:
3790:
3777:
3764:
3749:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:Rat-bite fever
3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3661:
3659:
3657:Fusobacteriota
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3551:
3549:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3507:
3505:
3494:
3492:Leptospiraceae
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3456:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3354:
3352:
3341:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3317:proteobacteria
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:External links
3231:
3230:
3229:
3178:
3160:(3): 136â144.
3156:(in Spanish).
3146:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3103:
3054:
2997:
2968:
2949:
2930:(4): 365â373.
2910:
2851:
2787:
2768:(3): 490â516.
2758:B. burgdorferi
2747:
2687:
2677:
2644:(3): 152â160.
2624:
2596:
2559:(4): 708â727.
2534:
2527:
2502:
2465:(4): 837â857.
2449:Chang, A. H.;
2436:
2417:(4): 289â300.
2401:
2380:
2328:
2279:
2238:B. burgdorferi
2221:
2202:(1â2): 46â51.
2186:
2137:
2078:
2021:
1968:
1931:(2): 713â722.
1911:
1896:
1866:
1807:
1758:
1731:(4): 473â480.
1704:
1659:PLOS Pathogens
1645:
1616:(2): 270â274.
1595:
1565:
1531:
1467:
1430:(2): 231â235.
1405:
1339:
1292:
1263:(2): 217â234.
1243:
1218:
1176:
1169:
1149:
1142:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1084:B. burgdorferi
1078:
1075:
1071:B. burgdorferi
1066:
1063:
1059:B. burgdorferi
1055:B. burgdorferi
1039:B. burgdorferi
1023:B. burgdorferi
1018:
1015:
992:B. burgdorferi
988:bacteriophages
983:
980:
960:B. burgdorferi
949:B. burgdorferi
941:B. burgdorferi
893:B. burgdorferi
889:
886:
837:B. burgdorferi
820:
817:
808:
805:
782:
779:
745:
742:
730:
727:
720:B. burgdorferi
702:B. burgdorferi
664:cardiomyopathy
647:B. burgdorferi
598:B. burgdorferi
591:Main article:
588:
585:
581:B. burgdorferi
576:B. burgdorferi
572:B. burgdorferi
564:B. burgdorferi
560:enzootic cycle
546:B. burgdorferi
542:
539:
510:B. burgdorferi
501:B. burgdorferi
493:transformation
488:
487:Transformation
485:
481:B. burgdorferi
477:
474:
462:B. burgdorferi
444:B. burgdorferi
440:
437:
425:B. burgdorferi
417:B. burgdorferi
404:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
388:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
332:Gram staining
330:
326:
325:
322:
318:
317:
314:
311:
307:
306:
303:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
268:
265:
261:
260:
257:
254:
237:
234:
227:B. burgdorferi
178:
177:
174:
163:
162:
156:
155:
148:
146:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
117:Spirochaetales
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
18:B. burgdorferi
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3927:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3518:
3517:Leptospirosis
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Spirochaetota
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3313:gram negative
3310:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3135:
3133:9781904455585
3129:
3125:
3124:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
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2451:Parsonnet, J.
2445:
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2236:"Genetics of
2230:
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1995:
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1983:
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1969:
1964:
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1946:
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1043:B.burgdorferi
1040:
1036:
1033:may act upon
1032:
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982:Bacteriophage
981:
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876:In addition,
874:
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850:
846:
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838:
834:
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829:glycoproteins
826:
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756:
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484:
482:
475:
473:
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452:peptidoglycan
449:
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434:
430:
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410:
401:
398:
397:
393:
390:
389:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
370:
366:
363:
362:
359:Fermentative
358:
355:
354:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
319:
315:
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274:
273:
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266:
262:
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252:
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248:
246:
242:
235:
233:
231:
230:sensu stricto
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:
204:
201:class in the
200:
196:
193:
190:
189:gram-negative
186:
185:
172:
170:
164:
161:
160:Binomial name
157:
153:
152:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
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102:
101:
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97:Spirochaetota
95:
92:
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3910:Lyme disease
3728:
3692:
3683:
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3637:
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3609:Bacteroidota
3575:
3566:
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3464:
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3428:Lyme disease
3420:
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3347:
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3254:
3253:profile for
3250:
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3153:
3122:
3074:(9): 660â9.
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2666:cite journal
2641:
2637:
2627:
2618:
2556:
2552:
2518:
2462:
2458:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2393:. Retrieved
2383:
2348:
2344:
2299:(2): 87â99.
2296:
2292:
2282:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2157:(4): 295â6.
2154:
2150:
2140:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2038:
2034:
2024:
1981:
1971:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1879:
1875:
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1775:
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1761:
1728:
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1648:
1613:
1609:
1598:
1588:, retrieved
1548:
1542:
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1489:
1485:
1427:
1423:
1365:
1361:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:
1221:
1196:
1192:
1159:
1152:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1101:Allen Steere
1096:Jorge Benach
1083:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1058:
1054:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1010:
1007:transduction
1002:
991:
985:
975:
971:
968:
963:
959:
955:
953:
948:
940:
932:
931:in 1997 and
928:
910:
904:
892:
891:
881:
877:
875:
862:
861:
849:chondrocytes
836:
824:
822:
810:
800:
793:Anaplasmosis
791:
787:encephalitis
784:
775:Bell's palsy
747:
735:
732:
724:
719:
709:
701:
700:
684:neuropathies
653:
651:
646:
640:
634:
625:
606:Lyme disease
597:
596:
593:Lyme disease
580:
575:
571:
563:
554:ticks and a
549:
545:
544:
532:
528:
524:
519:
513:
509:
500:
496:
490:
480:
479:
466:microaerobic
461:
460:
443:
442:
424:
416:
412:
408:
407:
240:
239:
236:Microbiology
226:
219:
212:Lyme disease
205:
183:
182:
181:
168:
166:
150:
149:
137:
127:Borreliaceae
107:Spirochaetia
62:
46:
40:
32:Lyme disease
3820:iNaturalist
3753:Wikispecies
3561:Psittacosis
3536:Chlamydiota
3193:(1): 6095.
2756:spirochete
972:burgdorferi
771:arthralgias
755:myocarditis
660:myocarditis
558:host in an
448:spirochetes
305:Spirochete
3894:Categories
3502:Leptospira
2395:2015-07-16
2250:: 515â36.
2098:: 676192.
1778:: 106â13.
1590:2022-04-21
1237:2019-01-18
1112:References
917:base pairs
851:, and the
797:babesiosis
759:arrythmias
680:meningitis
676:arthralgia
556:vertebrate
541:Life cycle
491:Bacterial
476:Metabolism
439:Morphology
419:possesses
399:D-Mannose
391:D-Glucose
383:Galactose
253:Test type
223:sensu lato
199:spirochete
3583:Chlamydia
3546:Chlamydia
3349:Treponema
3031:0021-9193
2986:cite book
2936:1464-1801
2887:2235-2988
2828:0021-9193
2621:: 97â101.
2573:0893-8512
2479:0893-8512
2114:1664-302X
2055:0066-4197
1998:1934-8525
1945:1943-2631
1745:0934-8840
1681:1553-7366
1632:1897-5631
1508:0021-9258
1444:0021-9193
1382:0095-1137
1017:Evolution
901:sequenced
845:platelets
833:proteases
769:and / or
767:arthritis
672:arthritis
668:arrythmia
642:Anaplasma
375:Glycerol
348:Catalase
313:Motility
192:bacterial
145:Species:
3905:Borrelia
3838:10689673
3744:Q2723634
3738:Wikidata
3593:Trachoma
3406:Borrelia
3365:Syphilis
3225:33731754
3174:21292247
3098:10877654
3090:16894341
3049:11466280
2978:47901873
2944:11075907
2905:23407755
2782:10672174
2658:23810413
2591:17041141
2497:20930075
2453:(2010).
2431:16507206
2375:18452798
2323:22230951
2274:22974303
2216:23238242
2181:29336985
2132:34113333
2073:22974303
2016:21400675
1963:15514047
1925:Genetics
1906:18770608
1861:10995478
1802:26519910
1699:21750672
1640:22763966
1585:26185064
1526:22500025
1287:18452798
1213:34161868
1132:Borrelia
1127:Borrelia
1090:See also
1011:Borrelia
1003:Borrelia
976:Borrelia
964:antigens
919:and 853
867:factor H
813:plasmids
761:such as
753:causing
618:zoonotic
470:flagella
421:flagella
413:Borrelia
340:Oxidase
207:Borrelia
138:Borrelia
123:Family:
93:Phylum:
87:Bacteria
83:Domain:
3877:1080470
3812:3228185
3311:due to
3247:Scholia
3216:7971074
3195:Bibcode
2896:3569838
2846:7768799
2742:4388492
2734:9403685
2712:Bibcode
2582:1592693
2488:2952975
2366:2440571
2314:3313462
2265:3856702
2172:5879012
2123:8186283
2064:3856702
2007:3561735
1954:1448846
1829:Bibcode
1793:4688064
1753:1611204
1690:3131272
1576:7942402
1517:3365960
1462:9440510
1400:3693538
1334:7043737
1314:Bibcode
1306:Science
1278:2440571
781:Stage 3
744:Stage 2
729:Stage 1
636:Babesia
600:is the
587:Disease
294:Raised
197:of the
195:species
133:Genus:
113:Order:
103:Class:
3851:960010
3825:492543
3799:BORRBU
3786:973517
3249:has a
3223:
3213:
3172:
3130:
3096:
3088:
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3029:
2976:
2966:
2942:
2934:
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2893:
2885:
2844:
2837:176990
2834:
2826:
2780:
2740:
2732:
2704:Nature
2656:
2589:
2579:
2571:
2525:
2495:
2485:
2477:
2429:
2373:
2363:
2321:
2311:
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2179:
2169:
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2120:
2112:
2071:
2061:
2053:
2014:
2004:
1996:
1961:
1951:
1943:
1904:
1894:
1859:
1849:
1800:
1790:
1751:
1743:
1697:
1687:
1679:
1638:
1630:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1524:
1514:
1506:
1460:
1453:106876
1450:
1442:
1398:
1391:269410
1388:
1380:
1332:
1285:
1275:
1211:
1167:
1140:
999:genome
944:'s
929:Nature
897:genome
888:Genome
686:, and
627:Ixodes
551:Ixodes
302:Shape
291:Shape
286:White
283:Color
278:Round
270:Small
3833:IRMNG
3773:5WP8G
3387:Pinta
3369:bejel
3251:topic
3094:S2CID
3040:99531
2871:: 6.
2738:S2CID
1852:27121
996:dsDNA
921:genes
899:ever
751:heart
610:ticks
520:bbe02
464:is a
275:Type
267:Size
256:Test
203:genus
187:is a
3859:LPSN
3846:ITIS
3807:GBIF
3794:EPPO
3374:Yaws
3315:non-
3221:PMID
3170:PMID
3128:ISBN
3086:PMID
3045:PMID
3027:ISSN
2992:link
2974:OCLC
2964:ISBN
2940:PMID
2932:ISSN
2901:PMID
2883:ISSN
2842:PMID
2824:ISSN
2778:PMID
2730:PMID
2672:link
2654:PMID
2587:PMID
2569:ISSN
2523:ISBN
2493:PMID
2475:ISSN
2427:PMID
2371:PMID
2319:PMID
2270:PMID
2212:PMID
2177:PMID
2128:PMID
2110:ISSN
2069:PMID
2051:ISSN
2012:PMID
1994:ISSN
1959:PMID
1941:ISSN
1902:PMID
1892:ISBN
1857:PMID
1798:PMID
1749:PMID
1741:ISSN
1695:PMID
1677:ISSN
1636:PMID
1628:ISSN
1581:PMID
1561:ISBN
1522:PMID
1504:ISSN
1458:PMID
1440:ISSN
1396:PMID
1378:ISSN
1330:PMID
1283:PMID
1209:PMID
1165:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1106:Ătzi
1049:and
1035:ospC
1027:ospC
954:The
909:and
831:and
795:and
639:and
631:tick
614:host
534:cyaB
515:pncA
3781:EoL
3768:CoL
3321:BV4
3211:PMC
3203:doi
3162:doi
3076:doi
3035:PMC
3019:doi
3015:183
2891:PMC
2873:doi
2832:PMC
2816:doi
2812:177
2770:doi
2760:".
2720:doi
2708:390
2646:doi
2577:PMC
2561:doi
2483:PMC
2467:doi
2419:doi
2361:PMC
2353:doi
2309:PMC
2301:doi
2260:PMC
2252:doi
2204:doi
2167:PMC
2159:doi
2118:PMC
2100:doi
2059:PMC
2043:doi
2002:PMC
1986:doi
1949:PMC
1933:doi
1929:168
1884:doi
1878:".
1847:PMC
1837:doi
1788:PMC
1780:doi
1733:doi
1729:276
1685:PMC
1667:doi
1618:doi
1571:PMC
1553:doi
1512:PMC
1494:doi
1490:287
1448:PMC
1432:doi
1428:180
1386:PMC
1370:doi
1322:doi
1310:216
1273:PMC
1265:doi
1201:doi
1045:is
958:of
604:of
218:of
3896::
3874::
3861::
3848::
3835::
3822::
3809::
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