1773:
1642:
703:. Nesting sites may be used in consecutive breeding seasons by the same pair. Before incubation, the females of all Bucerotinae—sometimes assisted by the male—begin to close the entrance to the nest cavity with a wall made of mud, droppings and fruit pulp. When the female is ready to lay her eggs, the entrance is just large enough for her to enter the nest, and after she has done so, the remaining opening is also all but sealed shut. There is only one narrow aperture, big enough for the male to transfer food to the mother and eventually the chicks. The function of this behaviour is apparently related to protecting the nesting site from rival hornbills. The sealing can be done in just a few hours; at most it takes a few days. After the nest is sealed, the hornbill takes another five days to lay the first egg.
435:
1559:
1789:
1622:
613:
1583:
120:
355:
1658:
1603:
669:
661:
1540:
711:. It has been suggested that the darkness of the cavity triggers a hormone involved in moulting. Non-breeding females and males go through a sequential moult. When the chicks and the female are too big to fit in the nest, the mother breaks out the nest and both parents feed the chicks. In some species the mother rebuilds the wall, whereas in others the chicks rebuild the wall unaided. The ground hornbills do not adopt this behaviour, but are conventional cavity-nesters.
446:
1757:
145:
237:
481:
1772:
1641:
415:, a hollow structure that runs along the upper mandible. In some species it is barely perceptible and appears to serve no function beyond reinforcing the bill. In other species it is quite large, is reinforced with bone, and has openings between the hollow centre, allowing it to serve as a resonator for
534:. Of the 24 species found in Africa, 13 are birds of the more open woodlands and savanna, and some occur even in highly arid environments; the remaining species are found in dense forests. This contrasts with Asia, where a single species occurs in open savanna and the remainder are forest species. The
628:
birds, eating fruit, insects and small animals. They cannot swallow food caught at the tip of the beak as their tongues are too short to manipulate it, so they toss it back to the throat with a jerk of the head. While both open country and forest species are omnivorous, species that specialise in
378:
which has an average weight of 3.77 kg (8.3 lb), and can weigh up to 6.3 kg (14 lb) and span about 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) across the wings. Other species rival the southern ground species in length, at up to about 130 cm (4 ft 3 in), including the
472:, although unlike most birds with this type of vision, the bill intrudes on their visual field. This allows them to see their own bill tip and aids in precision handling of food objects with their bill. The eyes are also protected by large eyelashes which act as a sunshade.
1749:
of Borneo regards the
Rhinoceros hornbill (known as Kenyalang) as the king of the worldly birds, who acts as the intermediary between the man and the God. The Wreathed hornbill (Undan) is believed by the Iban people to be the guide of dead souls to the lower world.
410:
The most distinctive feature of the hornbills is the heavy bill, supported by powerful neck muscles as well as by the fused vertebrae. The large bill assists in fighting, preening, constructing the nest, and catching prey. A feature unique to the hornbills is the
1871:, are also restricted to the Philippines. The latter species is one of the world's rarest birds, with only 20 breeding pairs or 40 mature individuals, and faces imminent extinction. The Ticao hornbill, a subspecies of the Visayan hornbill, is probably already
836:, the arrangement chosen is more a matter of personal taste than any well-established taxonomic practice. All that can be said with reasonable certainty is that placing the hornbills outside the Coraciiformes and the trogons inside would be incorrect.
849:
form a clade outside the rest of the hornbill lineage. They are thought to represent an early
African lineage, while the rest of Bucerotiformes evolved in Asia. However, another study claims that the ground hornbills diverged first, followed by
1558:
1621:
604:, generally travelling in pairs or small family groups. Larger flocks sometimes form outside the breeding season. The largest assemblies of hornbills form at some roosting sites, where as many as 2400 individual birds may be found.
629:
feeding on fruit are generally found in forests, while the more carnivorous species are found in open country. Forest-dwelling species of hornbills are considered to be important seed dispersers. Some hornbill species (e.g.,
1788:
2295:
Boev, Z., D. Kovachev 2007. Euroceros bulgaricus gen. nov., sp. nov. from
Hadzhidimovo (SW Bulgaria) (Late Miocene) – the first European record of Hornbills (Aves: Coraciiformes). – Geobios, 40: 39–49.
1602:
2708:
464:
of hornbills is typically black, grey, white, or brown, and is frequently offset by bright colours on the bill, or by patches of bare coloured skin on the face or wattles. Some species exhibit
1657:
1582:
652:. Territoriality is related to diet; fruit sources are often patchily distributed and require long-distance travel to find. Thus, species that specialise in fruit are less territorial.
695:. The female lays up to six white eggs in existing holes or crevices, either in trees or rocks. The cavities are usually natural, but some species may nest in the abandoned nests of
707:
size varies from one or two eggs in the larger species to up to eight eggs for the smaller species. During the incubation period the female undergoes a complete and simultaneous
3504:
3215:
2513:
407:
also varies with body parts. For example, the difference in body mass between males and females is 1–17%, but the variation is 8–30% for bill length and 1–21% in wing length.
287:
respectively) are fused together; this probably provides a more stable platform for carrying the bill. The family is omnivorous, feeding on fruit and small animals. They are
2935:"A phylogeny of frugivorous hornbills linked to the evolution of Indian plants within Asian rainforests: Frugivorous hornbills link to evolution of Asian rainforests"
3383:
1539:
1018:
study by Juan-Carlos
Gonzalez and collaborators that was published in 2013. The number of species in each genus is taken from the list of world birds maintained by
543:
3422:
2159:
2435:
1756:
2736:
3499:
860:, two clades have been identified based on genetics and vocal types—'whistlers' and 'cluckers'. The 'cluckers' have been placed in a separate genus,
3357:
2370:
Holbrook, Kimberley; Smith, Thomas B.; Hardesty, Britta D. (2002). "Implications of long-distance movements of frugivorous rain forest hornbills".
3396:
2778:
Gonzalez, J.-C.T.; Sheldon, B.C.; Collar, N.J.; Tobias, J.A. (2013). "A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)".
434:
2816:"Corrigendum to "A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)" [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 67 (2013) 468–483]"
1027:
2933:
Viseshakul, N.; Charoennitikul, W.; Kitamura, S.; Kemp, A.; Thong-Aree, S.; Surapunpitak, Y.; Poonswad, P.; Ponglikitmongkol, M. (July 2011).
2759:
Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. "Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes." In
Poonswad, P. (ed)
3078:
2691:
2083:
2053:
1981:
395:) and, probably the longest of all (perhaps exceeding 150 cm (4 ft 11 in)) thanks in part to its extended tail feathers, the
832:, with the subfamilies elevated to family level. Given that they are almost as distant from the rollers, kingfishers and allies as are the
542:
is restricted to the island. The most common widespread species in the Indian subcontinent is the Indian grey hornbill. According to the
374:), at 99.1 g (3.50 oz) and 32 cm (1 ft 1 in) in length. The largest and most massive species appears to be the
2663:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 146, 252.
2283:
Brunet, J. 1971. Oiseaux miocènes de Beni Mellal (Maroc); un complément à leur étude. Notes Mem. Serv. geol. Maroc, 31 (237): 109–111.
2039:
3212:
2536:
3173:
3131:
3111:
3461:
1888:
1632:
2257:
902:, as that was one of the old names used for the Black dwarf hornbill. This clade also includes one Southeast Asian species, the
403:). Males are always bigger than the females, though the extent to which this is true varies according to species. The extent of
3401:
3192:
719:
A number of hornbills have associations with other animal species. For example, some species of hornbills in Africa have a
3409:
3141:
2634:
1839:
are found on the Asian mainland; all others are insular in their distribution. In the
Philippines alone, one species (the
753:
211:
1875:. The other critically endangered species, the helmeted hornbill, is threatened by uncontrolled hunting and the trade in
892:
but in this study, is a sister species to the White-crested hornbill. If these two species are classified in congeneric,
586:. The oldest known hornbill is from the Early Miocene of Uganda, around 19 million years ago, which is similar to modern
2202:
Cranbrook, Earl of; Kemp, A. (1995). "Aerial casque-butting by hornbills (Bucerotidae): a correction and an expansion".
119:
3295:
2125:
Kinnaird, Margaret F.; Hadiprakarsa, Yok-Yok; Thiensongrusamee, Preeda (2003). "Aerial jousting by
Helmeted Hornbills
267:. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a horny
144:
2178:
612:
354:
2860:
2038:
Kemp, A C (2001). "Family
Bucocerotidae (Hornbills)". In Josep, del Hoyo; Andrew, Elliott; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
1019:
380:
322:. Despite their close appearances, the two groups are not very closely related, with toucans being allied with the
3427:
3224:
2896:"Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): The earliest hornbill with a modern-type beak"
2311:"Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern-type beak"
2450:
Kalina, Jan (1988). "Nest intruders, nest defence and foraging behaviour in the Black-and-white
Casqued Hornbill
1918:
1901:
570:. Kalimantan has the same hornbill species as Sumatra, except that the great hornbill is not found there. In the
31:
2720:
1663:
817:
375:
427:
and is used as a battering ram in dramatic aerial jousts. Aerial casque-butting has also been reported in the
3494:
1925:
539:
485:
2229:
Martin, Graham; Coetzee, Hendri C. (2003). "Visual fields in hornbills: precision-grasping and sunshades".
1741:, which is greatly valued as a carving material in China and Japan. It was used as a medium for the art of
3235:
2387:
1864:
1836:
1832:
1763:
1015:
1002:
964:
903:
674:
668:
660:
3448:
3300:
1860:
630:
450:
3012:
1998:
3489:
3466:
3321:
3282:
2827:
2787:
2569:
2379:
1565:
885:
692:
367:
319:
2485:) in the gardens in 1936; together with some remarks on the physiology of the moult in the female".
2392:
2864:
2560:
Anne, O.; Rasa, E. (June 1983). "Dwarf mongoose and hornbill mutualism in the Taru desert, Kenya".
1716:
1569:
1546:
1023:
720:
688:
680:
563:
535:
513:
505:
465:
288:
445:
2915:
2585:
2338:
1856:
1844:
1820:
649:
509:
296:
139:
3202:
2045:
3453:
1690:
3435:
3308:
3169:
3127:
3107:
3074:
2956:
2803:
2687:
2330:
2079:
2049:
1977:
1734:
1728:
1708:
1609:
976:
972:
744:
538:
has 10 species of hornbills, of which 9 are found in India and adjoining countries, while the
420:
416:
404:
396:
307:
3388:
3273:
3068:
3440:
3047:
3007:
2946:
2907:
2835:
2795:
2728:
2664:
2616:
2577:
2528:
2494:
2463:
2397:
2322:
2310:
2238:
2211:
2140:
2100:
The biology of the southern ground hornbill
Bucorvus leadbeateri (Vigors)(Aves: Bucerotidae)
1852:
1848:
1840:
1593:
992:
968:
735:, for example following monkeys or other animals and eating the insects flushed up by them.
359:
315:
268:
261:
236:
3219:
3145:
1439:
987:
825:
634:
517:
501:
335:
280:
2989:
2709:"Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes
2895:
2831:
2791:
2573:
2429:
2383:
480:
2620:
2532:
2498:
2467:
2306:
2215:
2131:
1939:
1906:
1876:
1828:
1807:
1738:
829:
765:
724:
617:
578:), hornbills inhabited North Africa and South Europe. Their remains have been found in
439:
428:
424:
388:
366:
Hornbills show considerable variation in size and colors. The smallest species is the
291:
breeders nesting in natural cavities in trees and sometimes cliffs. A number of mainly
284:
196:
127:
3186:
2401:
3483:
3349:
2998:
2974:
2951:
2934:
2919:
2732:
2424:
2342:
2242:
2144:
1924:
Hornbill was used as the official mascot of one of Malaysia's political parties, the
1910:
1868:
1346:
935:
821:
797:
761:
728:
704:
77:
3287:
2638:
2589:
2481:
Stonor, C. R. (1937). "On the attempted breeding of a pair of Trumpeter Hornbills (
1824:
1124:
1014:
The following cladogram showing the relationships between the genera is based on a
732:
331:
3197:
2763:. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, pp. 257–264.
3313:
2868:
2658:
468:, where the colouration of soft parts varies by sex. Hornbills possess binocular
3414:
3370:
3267:
2840:
2815:
2799:
1914:
1799:
1795:
1746:
1667:
1457:
1176:
1142:
981:
953:
898:
880:
874:
781:
700:
469:
343:
253:
52:
3138:
2894:
Riamon, Ségolène; Pickford, Martin; Senut, Brigitte; Louchart, Antoine (2021).
2356:
3052:
3035:
1414:
1303:
1194:
1058:
997:
947:
923:
862:
845:
840:
805:
801:
785:
696:
642:
601:
567:
327:
323:
300:
97:
62:
2334:
1733:
Most species' casques are very light, containing much airspace. However, the
3334:
1244:
917:
813:
547:
489:
257:
156:
102:
3258:
2960:
2807:
1635:
has pied plumage and a dull beak. It is found in wooded habitats in Africa.
17:
620:
feeding on figs. Fruit forms a large part of the diet of forest hornbills.
524:
Africa and Asia. Most are arboreal birds, but the large ground hornbills (
3252:
3034:
Beastall, C.; Sheperd, C. R.; Hadiprakarsa, Y.; Martyr, D. (2 May 2016).
2514:"The comparative breeding biology of the African Hornbills (Bucerotidae)"
1712:
1681:
1328:
929:
750:
625:
583:
559:
526:
276:
176:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
412:
2581:
1932:
1896:
1872:
1742:
1262:
911:
757:
579:
575:
571:
551:
531:
497:
461:
454:
107:
82:
3036:"Trade in the Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil: the 'ivory hornbill'"
2911:
2326:
2814:
Gonzalez, J.-C.T.; Sheldon, B.C.; Collar, N.J.; Tobias, J.A. (2013).
2041:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 6, Mousebirds to Hornbills
1943:
1699:
1389:
1076:
1007:
959:
941:
852:
833:
809:
588:
339:
311:
292:
272:
166:
3375:
3362:
3229:
2668:
2640:
Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés
3339:
749:
The family Bucerotidae was introduced (as Buceronia) by the French
789:
708:
667:
659:
611:
555:
479:
444:
433:
353:
1942:, a member of the hornbill family, is the official state bird of
3206:
1892:
1550:
888:. The Black dwarf hornbill is typically classified in the genus
872:
belongs to a clade of mostly African species that also includes
793:
249:
186:
3233:
2428:
985:. These four species have been classified in a separate genus,
362:, are found on the beaks and bare skin of the face and throat.
3326:
1778:
Early nineteenth century drawing of the Rhinoceros hornbill (
1612:
is commonly placed in its own genus, though some place it in
1745:. Also used for hunting purposes in places like India. The
358:
The brightest colours on most hornbills, like this pair of
2521:
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A
2487:
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A
1823:, but many Asian hornbills are threatened by hunting and
2869:"Mousebirds, Cuckoo Roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills"
1931:
The Rhinoceros hornbill is the official state animal of
530:), as their name implies, are terrestrial birds of open
275:. They are the only birds in which the first and second
2258:"Sumba hornbills under increasing threat of extinction"
1819:
None of the African species of hornbills are seriously
2603:
Gaietti, Mauro; McConkey, Kim (1998). "Black Hornbill
957:
form another clade. However, according to this study,
2686:. London, England, UK: Christopher Helm. p. 79.
1999:"THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TOUCAN & A HORNBILL By"
727:, foraging together and warning each other of nearby
633:) even have a great preference for the fruits of the
2660:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
1946:, an Indian state. The species is rated vulnerable.
1666:(bluish throat indicates female) about to swallow a
227:
3242:
3167:(Field Guide Edition). Princeton University Press.
3013:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682464A184587039.en
271:on the upper mandible. Hornbills have a two-lobed
2643:(in French). Palermo: Self-published. p. 66.
2279:
2277:
334:, while hornbills (and their close relatives the
2291:
2289:
2102:. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 32(4), 65-100.
504:may yet be split, as has been suggested for the
796:. Traditionally they are included in the order
3070:Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary
544:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3105:. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.
2761:The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation
2707:Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003).
2160:"Aerial casque-butting in the Great Hornbill
2129:: observations from Indonesia and Thailand".
1976:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 149–151.
1737:has a solid casque made of a material called
788:contain the two ground hornbills in a single
731:and other predators. Other relationships are
8:
2684:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2439:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1711:spread from the Indian microcontinent after
820:, however, hornbills are separated from the
664:Male hornbill transfers a fig to the female.
550:has 13 hornbill species: 9 of them exist in
423:the casque is not hollow but is filled with
3505:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
2773:
2771:
2769:
1831:. Among these threatened species, only the
1549:now usually includes several species-level
769:
3230:
1972:Kemp, Alan (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
1568:is an overall grey bird and native to the
979:, and are in turn more closely related to
295:species of hornbill with small ranges are
235:
118:
38:
3051:
3011:
2950:
2839:
2391:
2113:Birds of South-East Asia: Concise Edition
909:As for the other Asian hornbill species,
134:from Mangaon, Raigad, Maharashtra, India
3067:Hischak, Thomas S. (21 September 2011).
792:, and the Bucerotinae contain all other
496:The Bucerotidae include about 55 living
2975:"Forest guardians in the Western Ghats"
2652:
2650:
2098:Kemp, A. C., & Kemp, M. I. (1980).
1955:
1935:, a Malaysian state located in Borneo.
1766:is among the most threatened hornbills.
1752:
1535:
691:pairs, although some species engage in
2855:
2853:
2851:
2607:following Gibbons in central Borneo".
2067:
2065:
884:. Another member of this clade is the
756:in 1815; it comes from the genus name
2875:. International Ornithologists' Union
2820:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2780:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2044:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp.
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
7:
3165:Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania
2305:Riamon, Ségolène; Pickford, Martin;
1707:Some scientist believe the hornbill
921:are each other's closest relatives,
3213:Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary
3125:(Revised Edition). Hyperion Books.
2999:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2562:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2414:Malabar Pied Hornbill | JLR Explore
1431:
1406:
1381:
1320:
1295:
1288:
1236:
1229:
1168:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1050:
1043:
1033:
1028:International Ornithologists' Union
1026:and David Donsker on behalf of the
641:), which contain the potent poison
2621:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04716.x
2533:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1937.tb00815.x
2499:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb08502.x
2468:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1989.tb04791.x
2357:"Hornbills | Beauty of Birds"
2216:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb03271.x
2072:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008).
25:
3123:Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa
2402:10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250610.x
2075:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
3500:Extant Miocene first appearances
3137:Wallace, Alfred Russel (1863): "
2952:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02285.x
2873:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
2733:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x
2243:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00211.x
2145:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00188.x
1787:
1771:
1755:
1656:
1640:
1633:black-and-white-casqued hornbill
1620:
1601:
1581:
1572:. So are other members of genus
1557:
1538:
143:
3189:on the Internet Bird Collection
3040:Bird Conservation International
2988:BirdLife International (2020).
2939:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1974:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
1651:, early 19th century, Indonesia
715:Associations with other species
3225:Things to Know About Hornbills
3117:Maclean, Gordon Lindsay &
2635:Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel
648:Some hornbills defend a fixed
508:. Their distribution includes
1:
3205:: Hornbill Specialist Group,
3193:ITIS Taxonometric Report Data
3103:The Hornbills: Bucerotiformes
2256:Maruli, Aditia (2011-06-18).
2158:Raman, T. R. Shankar (1998).
1899:and one of the characters in
1005:the only member of the genus
754:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
672:Male black-casqued hornbill (
3139:The Bucerotidæ, or Hornbills
2309:; Louchart, Antoine (2021).
1703:sp. – Early Miocene (Uganda)
927:is part of a clade that has
896:becomes a junior synonym of
303:, mainly in Southeast Asia.
2841:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.008
2800:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.012
2078:(2nd ed.). CRC Press.
995:is more closely related to
839:Genetic data suggests that
520:, but no genus is found in
516:to the Philippines and the
3521:
2682:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1827:, as they tend to require
1726:
742:
484:As its name suggests, the
381:Abyssinian ground hornbill
29:
3150:The Intellectual Observer
3073:. McFarland. p. 12.
3053:10.1017/S0959270916000010
3006:: e.T22682464A184587039.
2812:See also the correction:
2452:Bycanistes subcylindricus
2177:: 123–124. Archived from
1695:– Late Miocene (Bulgaria)
1608:The uniquely long-tailed
1454:
1436:
1429:
1411:
1404:
1393:– rufous-necked hornbill
1386:
1379:
1343:
1325:
1318:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1259:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1191:
1173:
1166:
1139:
1128:– white-crowned hornbill
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1073:
1055:
1048:
1041:
770:
687:Hornbills generally form
234:
224:
219:
140:Scientific classification
138:
126:
117:
41:
32:Hornbill (disambiguation)
2867:, eds. (December 2023).
2657:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
2115:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1686:– Late Miocene (Morocco)
1664:Southern ground hornbill
818:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
777:which means "cow horn".
721:mutualistic relationship
554:, and the rest exist in
476:Distribution and habitat
376:southern ground hornbill
330:and several families of
2605:Abthracoceros malayanus
2436:Encyclopædia Britannica
1926:Democratic Action Party
1847:, and two species (the
1815:Status and conservation
1794:Detail of the hilts of
540:Sri Lanka grey hornbill
488:is grey and endemic to
486:Sri Lanka grey hornbill
3198:Birds of India website
1865:rufous-headed hornbill
1837:rufous-necked hornbill
1833:plain-pouched hornbill
1764:rufous-headed hornbill
1717:India merged with Asia
1016:molecular phylogenetic
1003:rufous-necked hornbill
975:form a clade with the
965:rufous-headed hornbill
904:white-crowned hornbill
684:
665:
621:
574:(at least in the late
493:
457:
449:Close-up of head of a
442:
363:
338:) are allied with the
314:occupy the hornbills'
252:found in tropical and
48:Early Miocene – Recent
3449:Paleobiology Database
3203:Hornbill Conservation
2483:Bycanistes buccinator
1911:original 1994 version
1905:franchise, voiced by
1861:critically endangered
1727:Further information:
1723:Cultural significance
1596:, have a pied plumage
963:is polyphyletic; the
800:(which includes also
671:
663:
631:Malabar pied-hornbill
615:
596:Behaviour and ecology
500:, though a number of
483:
451:Malabar grey hornbill
448:
437:
357:
3155:Zimmerman, Dale A.,
3097:Kemp, Alan C. &
2359:. 16 September 2021.
1566:Indian grey hornbill
1248:– helmeted hornbill
939:as sister taxa, and
886:Black dwarf hornbill
693:cooperative breeding
639:Strychnos nux-vomica
385:Bucorvus abyssinicus
368:black dwarf hornbill
320:convergent evolution
30:For other uses, see
3163:, David J. (1999):
3159:, Donald A., &
3152:June 1863: 309–316.
2832:2013MolPE..68..715G
2792:2013MolPE..67..468G
2574:1983BEcoS..12..181A
2527:(Part 3): 331–346.
2512:Moreau, RE (1937).
2384:2002Ecogr..25..745H
2111:Robson, C. (2015).
1919:remade 2019 version
1859:. Two of the three
1570:Indian subcontinent
1547:red-billed hornbill
1024:Pamela C. Rasmussen
681:Museum of Osteology
536:Indian subcontinent
514:Indian subcontinent
506:red-billed hornbill
466:sexual dichromatism
3218:2009-01-04 at the
3144:2009-04-30 at the
2863:; Donsker, David;
2582:10.1007/BF00290770
1883:In popular culture
1780:Buceros rhinoceros
1647:Knobbed hornbill,
685:
679:on display at the
675:Ceratogymna atrata
666:
622:
510:Sub-Saharan Africa
494:
458:
443:
364:
3477:
3476:
3436:Open Tree of Life
3236:Taxon identifiers
3176:
3134:
3121:, Austin (1988):
3114:
3101:, Martin (1995):
3080:978-0-7864-8694-6
2912:10.1111/ibi.12907
2865:Rasmussen, Pamela
2693:978-1-4081-2501-4
2493:(Part 3): 89–94.
2327:10.1111/ibi.12907
2085:978-1-4200-6444-5
2055:978-84-87334-30-6
1983:978-1-85391-186-6
1887:A hornbill named
1853:Visayan hornbills
1735:helmeted hornbill
1729:Uchek Langmeitong
1709:evolutionary tree
1610:helmeted hornbill
1594:Palawan hornbills
1533:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1275:
1274:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1155:
1154:
1089:
1088:
991:. Similarly, the
977:Sulawesi hornbill
973:wrinkled hornbill
764:in 1758 from the
745:List of hornbills
421:helmeted hornbill
405:sexual dimorphism
397:helmeted hornbill
360:knobbed hornbills
308:Neotropical realm
256:Africa, Asia and
243:
242:
215:
16:(Redirected from
3512:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3456:
3444:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3415:NHMSYS0020959126
3405:
3404:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3366:
3365:
3353:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3316:
3304:
3303:
3291:
3290:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3231:
3168:
3126:
3106:
3085:
3084:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3015:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2945:(7): 1533–1545.
2930:
2924:
2923:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2857:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2811:
2775:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2735:. Archived from
2717:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2535:. Archived from
2518:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2430:"Hornbill"
2421:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2284:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2168:
2162:Buceros bicornis
2155:
2149:
2148:
2122:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2035:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1969:
1841:Palawan hornbill
1798:swords from the
1791:
1775:
1759:
1660:
1644:
1624:
1605:
1585:
1561:
1542:
1432:
1407:
1382:
1321:
1296:
1289:
1237:
1230:
1169:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1051:
1044:
1034:
993:knobbed hornbill
969:writhed hornbill
841:ground hornbills
773:
772:
393:Buceros bicornis
372:Tockus hartlaubi
336:ground hornbills
318:, an example of
316:ecological niche
239:
210:
148:
147:
132:Buceros bicornis
122:
112:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3465:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3382:
3374:
3369:
3361:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3299:
3294:
3286:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3238:
3220:Wayback Machine
3187:Hornbill videos
3183:
3146:Wayback Machine
3094:
3092:Further reading
3089:
3088:
3081:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
2992:Rhinoplax vigil
2987:
2986:
2982:
2977:. January 2017.
2973:
2972:
2968:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2859:
2858:
2849:
2813:
2777:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2393:10.1.1.598.3777
2369:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2307:Senut, Brigitte
2304:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2127:Rhinoplax vigil
2124:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2037:
2036:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1957:
1952:
1885:
1863:hornbills, the
1817:
1810:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1760:
1731:
1725:
1677:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1649:Aceros cassidix
1645:
1636:
1625:
1616:
1606:
1597:
1588:All members of
1586:
1577:
1562:
1553:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1440:Rhabdotorrhinus
1369:
1360:
1276:
1217:
1208:
1156:
1090:
988:Rhabdotorrhinus
747:
741:
725:dwarf mongooses
717:
658:
635:strychnine tree
610:
598:
518:Solomon Islands
502:cryptic species
478:
401:Rhinoplax vigil
352:
209:
142:
130:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3518:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3495:Bucerotiformes
3492:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3458:
3445:
3432:
3419:
3406:
3393:
3380:
3367:
3354:
3344:
3331:
3318:
3305:
3292:
3279:
3264:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3181:External links
3179:
3178:
3177:
3153:
3135:
3115:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3059:
3046:(2): 137–146.
3026:
2980:
2966:
2925:
2906:(2): 715–721.
2886:
2847:
2786:(2): 468–483.
2765:
2752:
2727:(2): 185–197.
2721:J. Avian Biol.
2713:Wetmore 1960)"
2699:
2692:
2674:
2646:
2626:
2615:(4): 686–687.
2595:
2552:
2504:
2473:
2462:(4): 567–571.
2442:
2427:, ed. (1911).
2425:Chisholm, Hugh
2416:
2407:
2378:(6): 745–749.
2362:
2348:
2321:(2): 715–721.
2297:
2285:
2273:
2248:
2221:
2210:(4): 588–589.
2194:
2150:
2139:(3): 506–508.
2117:
2104:
2091:
2084:
2061:
2054:
2015:
1997:Ferrara, Sue.
1989:
1982:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1940:great hornbill
1907:Rowan Atkinson
1884:
1881:
1877:hornbill ivory
1829:primary forest
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1793:
1786:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1739:hornbill ivory
1724:
1721:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1001:, leaving the
830:Bucerotiformes
828:of their own,
780:There are two
740:
737:
716:
713:
657:
654:
624:Hornbills are
618:great hornbill
609:
606:
600:Hornbills are
597:
594:
477:
474:
440:great hornbill
429:great hornbill
425:hornbill ivory
389:great hornbill
351:
348:
277:neck vertebrae
241:
240:
232:
231:
222:
221:
217:
216:
204:
200:
199:
197:Bucerotiformes
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
136:
135:
128:Great hornbill
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:Featherbase:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3174:0-691-01022-6
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:1-85368-037-0
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:0-19-857729-X
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2742:on 2018-10-04
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2712:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:(3): 181–90.
2567:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2542:on 2018-03-06
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2184:on 2007-10-07
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2077:
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2026:
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2016:
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1936:
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1929:
1927:
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1916:
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1908:
1904:
1903:
1902:The Lion King
1898:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1869:Sulu hornbill
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1782:), Indonesia.
1781:
1774:
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1710:
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1701:
1697:
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1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:Fossil record
1674:
1669:
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1654:
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1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1592:, like these
1591:
1590:Anthracoceros
1584:
1579:
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1571:
1567:
1560:
1555:
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1548:
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1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:Anthracoceros
1341:
1340:
1337:
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1333:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1322:
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1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
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1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:– 10 species
1079:
1078:
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1066:
1063:
1061:
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956:
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950:
949:
944:
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937:
936:Anthracoceros
932:
931:
926:
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920:
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895:
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842:
837:
835:
831:
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823:
822:Coraciiformes
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Coraciiformes
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
767:
763:
762:Carl Linnaeus
759:
755:
752:
746:
738:
736:
734:
730:
729:birds of prey
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
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682:
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40:
37:
33:
19:
3243:
3164:
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3102:
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3069:
3062:
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3039:
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3003:
2997:
2991:
2983:
2969:
2942:
2938:
2928:
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2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2872:
2823:
2819:
2783:
2779:
2760:
2755:
2744:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2724:
2719:
2710:
2702:
2683:
2677:
2659:
2639:
2629:
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2608:
2604:
2598:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2544:. Retrieved
2537:the original
2524:
2520:
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2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2434:
2419:
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2375:
2371:
2365:
2351:
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2314:
2300:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2251:
2237:(1): 18–26.
2234:
2230:
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2203:
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2186:. Retrieved
2179:the original
2174:
2170:
2161:
2153:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2076:
2073:
2040:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1992:
1973:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1900:
1886:
1825:habitat loss
1818:
1803:
1779:
1732:
1706:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1648:
1628:
1613:
1589:
1573:
1461:– 5 species
1456:
1455:
1443:– 4 species
1438:
1437:
1418:– 6 species
1413:
1412:
1388:
1387:
1350:– 5 species
1345:
1344:
1332:– 3 species
1327:
1326:
1307:– 3 species
1302:
1301:
1266:– 3 species
1261:
1260:
1243:
1242:
1198:– 6 species
1193:
1192:
1180:– 2 species
1175:
1174:
1146:– 4 species
1141:
1140:
1125:Berenicornis
1123:
1122:
1075:
1074:
1062:– 8 species
1057:
1056:
1037:
1013:
1006:
996:
986:
980:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
908:
897:
893:
889:
879:
873:
869:
868:
861:
857:
851:
844:
838:
779:
774:
748:
718:
686:
673:
647:
638:
623:
599:
587:
525:
521:
495:
459:
438:Close-up of
409:
400:
392:
384:
371:
365:
344:wood-hoopoes
305:
264:
245:
244:
225:
206:
131:
36:
3490:Bucerotidae
3371:iNaturalist
3350:bucerotidae
3288:Bucerotidae
3274:Bucerotidae
3268:Wikispecies
3244:Bucerotidae
3019:12 November
2861:Gill, Frank
2262:Antara News
2003:Pets on Mom
1915:John Oliver
1806:(hornbill)
1800:Philippines
1747:Iban people
1668:grasshopper
1458:Penelopides
1177:Ceratogymna
1143:Horizocerus
1038:Bucerotidae
982:Penelopides
954:Penelopides
899:Horizocerus
894:Tropicranus
881:Tropicranus
875:Ceratogymna
802:kingfishers
782:subfamilies
697:woodpeckers
350:Description
328:honeyguides
324:woodpeckers
265:Bucerotidae
254:subtropical
207:Bucerotidae
18:Bucerotidae
3484:Categories
2826:(3): 715.
2746:2008-10-30
2546:2018-03-06
2267:2014-03-09
2188:2014-03-09
1950:References
1857:endangered
1845:vulnerable
1821:threatened
1693:bulgaricus
1629:Bycanistes
1415:Rhyticeros
1304:Anorrhinus
1195:Bycanistes
1059:Lophoceros
1020:Frank Gill
998:Rhyticeros
948:Rhyticeros
924:Anorrhinus
870:Bycanistes
863:Lophoceros
846:Bycanistes
816:). In the
814:bee-eaters
786:Bucorvinae
743:See also:
689:monogamous
643:strychnine
626:omnivorous
568:Kalimantan
301:extinction
297:threatened
289:monogamous
212:Rafinesque
2920:230632701
2879:9 January
2388:CiteSeerX
2372:Ecography
2343:230632701
2335:1474-919X
1715:, before
1691:Euroceros
1684:brailloni
1627:Like all
1245:Rhinoplax
918:Rhinoplax
856:. Within
760:given by
733:commensal
650:territory
548:Indonesia
490:Sri Lanka
455:eyelashes
419:. In the
258:Melanesia
246:Hornbills
163:Kingdom:
157:Eukaryota
3253:Wikidata
3216:Archived
3142:Archived
3099:Woodcock
2961:21545425
2808:23438388
2669:2246/830
2637:(1815).
2590:22367357
2171:Forktail
1867:and the
1796:kampílan
1713:Gondwana
1682:Bucorvus
1574:Ocyceros
1329:Ocyceros
930:Ocyceros
824:into an
775:bōukeros
771:βούκερως
751:polymath
739:Taxonomy
656:Breeding
584:Bulgaria
560:Sulawesi
546:(IUCN),
527:Bucorvus
512:and the
453:showing
228:see text
203:Family:
177:Chordata
173:Phylum:
167:Animalia
153:Domain:
42:Hornbill
3161:Pearson
3119:Roberts
2828:Bibcode
2788:Bibcode
2570:Bibcode
2380:Bibcode
2046:436–487
1933:Sarawak
1917:in the
1909:in the
1897:adviser
1891:is the
1873:extinct
1849:Mindoro
1808:pommels
1743:netsuke
1614:Buceros
1263:Buceros
912:Buceros
834:trogons
810:hoopoes
806:rollers
758:Buceros
701:barbets
616:Female
602:diurnal
580:Morocco
576:Miocene
572:Neogene
552:Sumatra
532:savanna
498:species
462:plumage
387:), the
340:hoopoes
312:toucans
306:In the
293:insular
260:of the
220:Genera
193:Order:
183:Class:
3467:196037
3441:489457
3402:178139
3389:101355
3340:1BUCEF
3259:Q26773
3172:
3157:Turner
3130:
3110:
3077:
2959:
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2806:
2690:
2588:
2390:
2341:
2333:
2082:
2052:
2008:8 July
1980:
1944:Kerala
1855:) are
1700:Tockus
1631:, the
1390:Aceros
1077:Tockus
1008:Aceros
971:, and
960:Aceros
951:, and
942:Aceros
890:Tockus
858:Tockus
853:Tockus
784:: the
705:Clutch
589:Tockus
470:vision
413:casque
332:barbet
273:kidney
269:casque
262:family
214:, 1815
3462:WoRMS
3454:39429
3428:57380
3384:IRMNG
3301:95483
2916:S2CID
2740:(PDF)
2716:(PDF)
2711:sensu
2586:S2CID
2540:(PDF)
2517:(PDF)
2339:S2CID
2182:(PDF)
2167:(PDF)
1843:) is
1804:kalaw
1802:with
826:order
790:genus
768:word
766:Greek
723:with
709:moult
564:Papua
556:Sumba
417:calls
299:with
281:atlas
279:(the
250:birds
3423:NCBI
3397:ITIS
3376:5438
3363:9720
3358:GBIF
3335:EPPO
3327:8019
3296:BOLD
3207:IUCN
3170:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3075:ISBN
3021:2021
3004:2020
2957:PMID
2900:Ibis
2881:2024
2804:PMID
2688:ISBN
2609:Ibis
2456:Ibis
2331:ISSN
2315:Ibis
2231:Ibis
2204:Ibis
2132:Ibis
2080:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2010:2020
1978:ISBN
1938:The
1913:and
1893:king
1889:Zazu
1851:and
1835:and
1762:The
1564:The
1551:taxa
1545:The
933:and
915:and
878:and
843:and
812:and
794:taxa
699:and
608:Diet
582:and
566:and
522:both
460:The
342:and
285:axis
283:and
248:are
226:14,
187:Aves
53:PreꞒ
3410:NBN
3322:EoL
3314:7FH
3309:CoL
3283:ADW
3148:".
3048:doi
3008:doi
2947:doi
2908:doi
2904:163
2836:doi
2796:doi
2729:doi
2665:hdl
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2613:140
2578:doi
2529:doi
2525:107
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2464:doi
2460:131
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