988:, in the very arid, cold and rocky area at an altitude of 3,050 metres (10,010 ft). The sprawling monastery, spread over an area of 6,300 square metres (68,000 sq ft), has nine temples – the Temple of the Enlightened Gods (gTug-Lha-khang), the Golden Temple (gSer-khang), the Initiation Temple (dKyil-kHor- khang), the Bodhisattva Maitreya Temple (Byams-Pa Chen-po Lha-khang), the Temple of Dromton (Brom-ston Lha khang), the Chamber of Picture Treasures (Z'al-ma), the Large Temple of Dromton (Brom-ston Lha khang), the Mahakala Vajra Bhairava Temple (Gon-khang) and the White Temple (dKar-abyum Lha-Khang) (out of these nine, the first four are considered the oldest temples while the others were later additions) – 23
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1657:(LTWA) was also set up by the Dalai Lama, in June 1970, to provide exhaustive information on Buddhist and Tibetan culture. The LTWA boasts of more than 110,000 titles in the form of manuscripts (40% are the Tibetan originals), books and documents; hundreds of thangkas (Tibetan scroll paintings), statues and other artefacts; and over 6,000 photographs, and many other materials. The LTWA has nine departments guided by a governing body. The library conducts seminars, talks, meetings and discussions and also brings out an annual 'News Letter.' On the third floor of this library there is a museum (opened in 1974) that houses notable artefacts such as a three-dimensional carved wooden
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1399:. It belongs to the Gelukpa order but claims to its earlier founding in the 12th century has put forth by the local monks. Below this Gompa is the small village of Shichilling where the new Dhankar Monastery has been built. It is home to about 150 monks belonging to the Gelukpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Dhankar is approachable by a road, good for small vehicles only, that branches off for Dhankar from the main Kaza-Samdu road at a point around 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Kaza.
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1730:, amidst a well-maintained garden setting, and the emphasis here is more on traditional art. A temple named as the "Seat of Happiness Temple" (Deden Tsuglakhang) is located here. Around this temple, craft centres are located, which specialise in traditional forms of Thanka painting to Metal art that are considered integral to Tibetan Monastery architecture. 300 artisans work here and also impart training to their wards.
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1293:; this was done around 1310 AD by a team of scholars under the Sakya lama, Ch'os-Kyi-O'd-zer. The unplanned arrangement of the monastery is attributed to several modifications carried out after it was ransacked by invasions of Central Tibet by Mongols, in 1655 AD. The monastery is also famous for the expertise of the Sakyapa tantric cult that even dacoits are scared to rob this monastery.
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867:. The King, therefore, ordered Padmasambhava to be burnt alive. However, the pyre burned for a full week, with great clouds of black smoke arising from it and a lake appeared there after a week at the spot where he was supposed to have been burnt. Then, Padmasambhava (also known as Vajracharya), unscathed by the fire, is said to have appeared seated on a full-blown lotus from within a
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704:, who later became a Buddhist); and the third of Kashmir, which until then had been a stronghold of Buddhism, going under Muslim rule after 1339, putting an end to cultural communication with India. Mongol invasion is also credited with uniting Tibet under the institution of the Dalai Lama. While the Mongols favoured the
1645:. The temple has fresco decorations of 722 deities of the mandala, Shakayamuni Buddha, and the central Kalachakra image. Dalai Lama personally directed the painting of the frescos done by three master painters over a period of three years. The walls and columns here have many traditional Tibetan Thangka paintings.
1111:) on the basis of old ruins of several temples seen around the five buildings of the monastery, apart from an equally ancient sacred tree. Serkhang, the golden hall of the temple complex has is studded with images (most of them gilded) of deities (51 deities) – mounted on walls or erected on a central altar.
684:. This reformation also caused further break-up of Buddhism under several sects and sub sects. The Kings of Guge had a significant role in propagation of the religion, which had strong influence on the architectural planning of Tibetan monasteries. One of the Guge brothers, Chang chub-O, had even got the
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An ancient practice of a trade fair called the La Darcha is held in August in Spiti. Buddhist dances and
Buddhist sports are popular and held along with rural marketing fair. Its social, economic and cultural significance relates to ancient ties with Tibet. Instead of La Darch ground near the Chicham
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Buddhist festivals held in
Himachal Pradesh are predominantly connected with their religious identity. They relate to the seasons (New Year as per Lunar and Solar calendars), Buddha's birth and death anniversaries, and also the sacred days such as the birthdays of the Bodhistavas. The annual calendar
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patronage. It is built like a fortified castle on the edge of a deep canyon, with massive slanted mud walls and battlements with vertical red ochre and white vertical stripes which make them look much taller than they really are. It is at an altitude of 4,587 metres (15,049 ft), on the edge of a
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Rinchen Zangpo, the famous scholar-translator, established 108 monasteries during his mission undertaken in the 10th century to propagate
Buddhist Dharma in the Trans-Himalayan region. A few of them, which have survived in Himachal Pradesh, present exquisite monasteries of artistic and architectural
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In
December, the International Himalayan Festival (a three-day event) is held in Mcleod Ganj, the exile capital of Tibet to celebrate the Dalai Lama getting the Nobel Peace Prize. Dance and music mark the day with resolve to promote peace and cultural amity. On this occasion, the Dalai Lama blesses
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The four temples are well preserved; the main temple and the upper temple considered the oldest of the four structures have the original clay sculptures, murals and ceiling panels – larger temple of these two is known as the 'Translator's Temple'; the third structure is a small white temple, partly
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in all these regions. This period was called the "Second Coming" of
Buddhism in the region since earlier efforts made had not progressed much. It is said that Zangpo's persistence of amalgamating Tibetan Buddhism into the Indian creed was the "Second Advancement" or "Second Coming", also called the
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was urged by
Buddhist Guru Shantarakshita from Kashmir, who had already established a monastic order in Tibet, to travel around to spread Buddhism in the trans-Himalayan region. At that time, Zangpo was teaching in Kashmir. He embarked on his campaign to teach Buddhism in the trans-Himalayan region
1098:, Lhalun Monastery or Lalung Monastery (also known as the Sarkhang or Golden Temple), one of the earliest monasteries (considered second to Tabo monastery in importance) founded in Spiti valley, near the Lingti river. It is dated to the late 10th century and credited to Rinchen Zangpo. Village of
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Thus, from the 14th century onwards, the monasteries had adopted a fort-like design for its buildings from logistic considerations and built them as "religio-military strongholds"; many of them have disappeared due to invasions but some have survived in Ladakh and Spiti valleys in India. Zangpo's
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gorge on the east. With the influx of
Tibetan refugees into India, in the last over 50 years (since 1959), popularity and practice of Tibetan Buddhism has been notable. Apart from the original practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism in ancient and medieval India, it is now seriously pursued by Tibetans
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and the State Public Works
Department. The successive trails of destruction and patch-up jobs have resulted in a haphazard growth of box-like structures, and so the monastery looks like a fort, where temples are built on top of one another. The walls of the monastery are covered by paintings and
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is where
Padmasambhava (literal meaning "lotus born") is said to have meditated for long years. At Rewalsar, there is also a strange legend of his life linked to the local King, his daughter and the lake. It is one of the most ancient links to Tibetan Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh where Buddhists
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Though the monastery complex looks simple from outside, in the interiors of the complex, the wall paintings in the monastery are delicately executed. Influence of the Ajanta style of painting, is distinct "in the tonal variation of body hues to produce an effect of light and shade". The elegant
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The 14th Dalai Lama established his "Government in exile", in 1960 at Mcleod Ganj in the upper part of the town of
Dharamshala. This has since become the nerve centre of Tibetan Buddhism with the Tibetan refugees establishing monasteries of their sects, such as the Gelukpa, Sakyapa, Kargyupa,
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and Kahdampa sects; but these actions resulted in inter-sectoral rivalry and even destruction of each other's monasteries. It was during this period that monasteries were also built on hilltops and many were also well fortified. The period between 1300 AD and 1850 AD marked the development of
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is head of all the Devtas of the valley and emerges from the Tangmar mountain beyond the village. It was a complex of nine shrines enclosed within a dilapidated wall with the main chapel richly decorated. The monastery is inferred as an ancient centre of learning and debate (local name:
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dilapidated, has a wooden door frame depicting scenes of the Life of the Buddha carved on the lintel; and the fourth structure is of the same size as the Upper Temple and is also situated next to it, which is known as "rGya-dpag-pa'i lHa-khang" meaning temple of wide proportions.
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type structure, with several renovations done till the late 19th century. A large gilded statue of Padmasambahava in the formal attire as the manifestation of Guru Rinpoche is deified here. There are two other new monasteries built around the ancient monastery; these are the
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ceremonies here in 1983 and 1996. The year 1996 marked 1000 years of Tabo Monastery's existence. A number of caves carved into the cliff face are located above the monastery, which are used by monks for meditation. The monastery is studded with large collection of precious
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To commemorate Padmasmabahava (so named after he emerged from the Padmacan lake or lotus lake), a monastery was built on the western shore of the lake, called the Nyingmapa Monastery (built in Central Tibetan fashion), which has been expanded manifold into a multistoreyed
859:) has a legend that started the belief that on the islands of floating reeds of the lake the spirit of Padmasambhava's resides. According to folk legend, Padmasmabhava tried to teach Buddhist dharma to the daughter (Mandarava) of the King of Mandi, Arshadhara of
984:(or Tabo Chos-Khor Monastery) was founded in 996 AD (and refurbished in 1042 AD) by Rinchen Zangpo; it is considered the oldest monastery in Himachal Pradesh. It located at the southern edge of the Trans Himalayan plateau in the Spiti Valley on the banks of the
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founded in 1988, by the present Dalai Lama has the primary objective of preserving the Tibetan language and cultural heritage. This institute has been patterned on the same lines as Norbulingka, the traditional summer residence of the Dalai Lamas, in
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in Spiti built in the Central Tibetan pattern. Dhankar was the traditional capital of the Spiti Valley Kingdom during the 17th century. The complex is built on a 300 metres (980 ft) high spur overlooking the confluence of the Spiti River and
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who transfused Buddhist activity in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Known by the epithet "Lohtsawa" or the "Great Translator", Zangpo built 108 monasteries in the trans-Himalayan region to spread Buddhism, which are considered as the main stay of
733:"Classical monasteries" in Western Tibet, in Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh, and in Ladakh have survived and are fairly well preserved for posterity. However, instances of greed and neglect have been reported in some monasteries.
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The trend of building fortified Buddhist monasteries was started from the 14th century onwards. However, very few have survived. Of these, Tangyud monastery, Dhankar monastery and Key monastery in Spiti valley are some of the well known ones.
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of Himachal Pradesh where Padmasambhava is said to have meditated. There are three monasteries located here namely, the ancient Nyingmapa Monastery on periphery of the Rewalsar lake and two new monasteries (of modern construction) namely, the
200:). This situation has given the state a unique status in the global firmament of Buddhist traditions. It is now the cradle of Tibetan Buddhism, with its undeniable link to the past activities initiated in the 8th century (in 747 AD) by Guru
1273:, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the town. It is one of only two monasteries belonging to the Sakya sect left in Spiti – the other, at Kaza itself, is small and relatively insignificant. It is thought, however, that there was an earlier
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at its western edge. The monastery complex in the village has four temples in an enclosure built with mud walls. It is also dated to the second coming of Buddhism to the region and is credited to Rinchen Zangpo. The area is known for the
1581:), in 1959. It is now the personal monastery of the Dalai Lama. Two hundred monks and young trainee monks reside here. They pursue studies of the major texts of Buddhist Sutras and Tantras, as also the Tibetan and English Languages.
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in Kinnaur, Trilokinath and Gandhala in Lahaul, and Rewalsar in Mandi district. From the mid 8th century (after 747 AD) evidence of Buddhist activities remain obscure till Tibetan Buddhism penetrated the region in the 10th century.
301:). He institutionalised Buddhism in this region. Zangpo had engaged Kashmiri artists who created wall paintings and sculptures in these legendary 108 monasteries; only a few of these have survived in Himachal Pradesh namely, the
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festival by all Tibetan Buddhists in the state with processions, music and dancing; mask dances or chaam dances are popular on this occasion. The Dalai Lama holds teaching discourses at Dharmashala during this festival.
992:, monks' residences and an extension that houses the nuns' residence. It was initially an important centre of learning of the Kadampa order, which later developed into the Gelukpa order. It was severely damaged in the
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is ascribed to Guru Padmasambhava. In a nearby village called Tashigang, several caves are found where it is said Guru Padmasambhava meditated and gave discourse to his disciples. An image is stated to grow hair.
1102:( meaning: 'land of the gods') in the vicinity of the monastery, at an altitude of 3,658 metres (12,001 ft), has 45 homes. A few chortens are located on the way to the monastery. It is said that the Lhalung
1621:, a small monastery called the Gompa Dip Tse-Chok Ling, the Gangchen Kyishong (called Gangkyi in short by Tibetans and Library by Indians is the premises of the Tibetan government-in-exile), Mani Lakhang Stupa,
1617:. Dalai Lama's residence is opposite to this temple. A festival is held here every year, during April and May, when traditional dances and plays are enacted.8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from Dharamshala, at
1043:, on a spiritual mission, while the second narrative depicts the life of the Buddha. The Dalai Lama has expressed his desire to retire to Tabo, since he maintains that the Tabo Monastery is one of the holiest.
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has an ancient divine link for the Buddhists as it is believed that Guru Padmasambhava set out from here on his journey to Tibet to propagate Buddhist dharma. The Rewalsar Lake ('Tso Pema' or 'Pad-ma-can' to
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has dominated Tibet and became the "Spiritual and Temporal Authority of Tibet" with the Dalai Lama invested with full authority of this sect. While the founder Lama of Gelukpa sect was Tsongkhapa, his nephew
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in the middle of the lake. One version states that the King, as a repentance for his wrong actions, married his daughter with Padmasambhava. Another version states that Mandarava (stated to be the sister of
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880:). It was from this lake that Padmasambhava travelled to Tibet to spread the Vajrayana Buddhism. Rawalsar has two monasteries, namely, the Drikung Kagyu Gompa and Tso-Pema Ogyen Heru-kai Nyingmapa Gompa.
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and its vassals. Over the centuries the following of Buddhism has greatly fluctuated. Yet by experiencing revivals and migrations, Buddhism continued to be rooted in the region, particularly in the
1492:, Key was attacked again by the Mongols and later became a Gelugpa establishment. In 1820, it was sacked again during the wars between Ladakh and Kullu. In 1841, it was severely damaged by the
651:"Classical Period". Since then, Tibetan Buddhism has also imbibed many of the religious practices and culture of India. Buddhist monastic art and architecture thus went through a sea change.
665:) (982–1054) was held in high esteem during the period of Zangpo. He had a great influence on Zangpo in teaching the finer aspects of Tantric texts in Sanskrit and the translated texts in
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took the initiative to revive it. Of the 21 scholars he had sent to revive Buddhism in the Trans Himalayan region, only two had survived, and one of them was the famous scholar-translator
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Ki Cham festival held in June/July is specific to Ki monastery. On this occasion, whirling mask dances are held in the monastery, which is watched by people from many villages of Spiti.
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influence prior to the 8th century in the region east of Sutlej river. Cult powers of Padmasambhava, before he went to Tibet (before 747 AD), are also deciphered from legends at
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evidence has established the presence of Buddhism in the Kuluta region (upper Beas region of the Kuluta Kingdom) of the state in the 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. On the
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in its aesthetic elegance. These have a gentle form with stress on unique detailing of textiles and ornaments. The paintings in the assembly hall are dedicated to
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selected Dhankar gompa as one of the 100 most endangered sites in the world. A non-profit group, Dhangkar Initiative, is attempting to organize its conservation.
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1013:, well-preserved statues, frescos and extensive murals that cover almost every wall. The monastery is a national historic treasure of India and preserved by the
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876:) as repentance, left her parents' house, and meditated near a well, which has now become a shrine (worshipped by Tibetan Buddhists as a manifestation of
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goddess) is dated to 5th or early 6th century. Handa's archaeological explorations have also unearthed a headless stone image of Buddha (now in the
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murals. It is an outstanding example of the monastic architecture, which developed during the 14th century in the wake of the Chinese influence.
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assistance. In the wake of the Chinese influence, it was rebuilt during the 14th century as an outstanding example of the monastic architecture.
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travellers. Mention is also made of a much earlier propagation during Buddha's time itself by Sthavira Angira and Stavira Kanakavatsa, in the
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army. In the 1840s, it was also ravaged by fire and in 1975 a violent earthquake caused more damage, which was repaired with the help of the
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A short distance from the institute lies the Dolma Ling Buddhist nunnery and the Gyato Monastery, temporary residence of the 17th Karmapa,
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1024:, from the period of the renovation of Tabo monastery in 1042, seen in the Dukong (assembly hall), are similar in style to those seen at
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re-settled at Dharamshala (the nodal centre and the 'capital in exile' of the Dalai Lama were initially re-settled) in Himachal Pradesh,
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In November, the Guktor festival is held in Dhankar monastery in Spiti when processions and mask dances are the set festive practices.
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The Losel Doll Museum here has diorama displays of traditional Tibetan scenes, using miniature Tibetan dolls in traditional costumes.
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in the region has occurred intermediately throughout its history. Starting in the 3rd century BCE, Buddhism was propagated by the
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religion also have established their monastery here. Over 40 monasteries (unofficial records) of these sects have been reported.
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in Kangra and Mandi districts further point to Buddhist establishments between the 3rd century BC and 6th century AD. Cave type (
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built many more monasteries. This activity thus further continued in the subsequent centuries under the four main traditions of
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as the supreme head of Buddhism in Tibet. The Dalai Lamas also held some political power in certain areas of Tibet until the
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theory of succession. The fifth Dalai Lama subsumed all of the other sub-sects under his control, with his headquarters at
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696:'s invasion of Tibet in 1206; the second event in the second half of thirteenth century was that of the then Chinese ruler
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are located. The Karmapa (who was in Norbulinga in Tibet before taking refuge in India) is now living in Gyato monastery.
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of the Nyingma sect; though of modern construction these two have retained the aesthetic Tibetan architectural ambience.
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in Spiti refurbished. But Tibet was fragmented under the influence of its various sects and subsects, which attracted
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1609:(the deity of compassion sculpted in silver with eleven faces and thousand arms and eyes -linked to a legend), and
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subdivision of the Kangra division which is dated to the 2nd century AD. Trilokinath and Gandhala (also known as
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357:. These monasteries are mostly in the Spiti, Lahaul and Kinnaur valleys. Some of the well known monasteries are
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Subsequent to the 14th Dalai Lama establishing his Tibetan exile government at Mcleod Ganj (a former colonial
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period in the 3rd century BC. He had established many stupas, and one of them was traced to the state in the
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fair was held here, after a gap of 12 years. The fair was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama and was attended by
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tree to a location specified by the lamas and then throw it into a bonfire accompanied by various dances.
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In January, in the Lahaul region, a carnival called the Halda Festival is held when people carry twigs of
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After a lull in the spread of Buddhism in the state during the 10th century, the Tibetan King Yeshe Od of
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The earliest reverential link according to Padmasmabhava's legend is to the Rewalsar lake at Rewalsar in
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In order to educate ethnic Tibetan youths in Dharamshala and the Himalayan border students of India, the
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Bindloss, Joe; Singh, Sarina; Bainbridge, James; Brown, Lindsay; Elliott, Mark; Butler, Stuart (2007).
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since 1988, is currently headed by Prof. Ngawang Samten, assisted by faculty members of the institute.
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was the first Grand Lama and since then the mantle has been passed on to the subsequent Lamas under a
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Key monastery has a collection of ancient murals and books of high aesthetic value and it enshrines
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sacred to Buddhist as Tso Pema. Right: Legend links it Padmasambhava's birth as a lotus in the lake
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knowledge. It was in 749 AD that Padmasambhava (hailed as the second Buddha) with his compatriot
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in the Spiti valley was built in the early 14th century when the Sakyapas rose to power under
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The Khadamp sect, which was reorganised as "Gelukpa sect" at the start of the 15th century by
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spread further and attracted immense international sympathy and support. The Dalai Lama found
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and Tabo at an elevation of 3,894 metres (12,776 ft) is a fort monastery similar to the
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is filled with festivals and some the popular ones starting with January are the following.
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invasion. Three events in the 13th century had profound effect on Tibetan Buddhism; one was
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type) Buddhist monastery at Gandhala has been inferred from a copper lot (pot), chased with
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divine figures have placid expressions, a reflection of the finest classical art of India.
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Museum) at sites of Chetru and Kanhiara villages; Chetru in local lingua is interpreted as
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scripts of 3rd and 2nd century BC have been discovered on a single granite rock known as
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hill-top monasteries and examples of this type in the western Himalayan region are the
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The influence of Buddhism is strong throughout the Trans-Himalayan region or Western
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709:
701:
693:
624:
604:
and Bhagha Rivers support evidence of monastic activities in these remote regions.
585:
314:
232:
212:
to spread Buddhism), who was known as the "Guru Rinpoche" and the "Second Buddha".
154:
542:, which are supported by the Buddhist monuments at Chahri; inscribed pedestals of
3144:
1641:
Kalachakra Temple is located adjoining the Tsulagkhang which is dedicated to the
3795:
3769:
3693:
3337:
2144:
1546:
1497:
1448:
1165:
1153:
1037:
1010:
985:
954:
747:
697:
666:
612:
563:
543:
515:
457:
436:
425:
421:
306:
257:
245:
241:
224:
209:
181:
103:
86:
945:
2368:
1771:
village, the festival is now held at Kaza, headquarters of Spiti subdivision.
1703:
1642:
1602:
1462:
1029:
1001:
806:(a multistoreyed complex behind the ancient monastery) of the Kagyu order and
742:
589:
519:
253:
228:
165:
1923:
452:
The very earliest influence of Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh is traced to the
180:
in Himachal Pradesh as an ideal place to establish his "capital in exile" at
3348:
1458:
1425:
1189:
1174:
1143:
1040:
912:
655:
547:
535:
509:
354:
318:
290:
249:
216:
49:
2115:
911:
along with 50,000 other Buddhist pilgrims. The Dalai Lama also performed a
518:
evidence in Himachal Pradesh offers strong evidence of Buddhist influence.
29:
1434:
932:
valley, such as the Tabo monastery, Lhalung monastery and Nako monastery.
823:
2595:
1265:
989:
856:
778:
713:
644:
559:
523:
477:
428:
monasteries of the Nyingma, Kagyu and Sakya sects) in the Kangra valley.
350:
346:
237:
134:
83:
79:
2826:. History of the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives. Archived from
2698:
1658:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1470:
1290:
1274:
1033:
1006:
908:
877:
864:
678:
674:
555:
469:
409:
326:
298:
158:
448:
Padmasambhava statue. Gandhala Monastery. Kaza. Himachel Pradesh. 2004
3668:
3397:
3302:
2613:
1493:
1482:
1466:
1103:
1051:
901:
885:
726:
689:
662:
658:
647:
640:
636:
628:
577:
480:
417:
365:
269:
265:
150:
145:. The region would remain an important center for Buddhism under the
142:
1613:(Guru Rinpoche) – both facing the direction of Tibet – and also the
767:
1847:
1312:
530:
road, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from Malan rock inscriptions in
3678:
3673:
2431:
1760:
1727:
1444:
1252:
1244:
1161:
1157:
755:
632:
581:
567:
443:
435:
334:
330:
197:
193:
107:
90:
3467:
1505:
681:
281:
3352:
3219:
1289:, or the 87 volumes of Tantra treatises which form part of the
1133:
623:
by travelling through Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur valleys of the
2241:
1477:, which was probably destroyed in the 14th century when the
1379:– one of the world's most spectacular settings for a gompa.
1285:. The name, Tangyud, may refer to the Sakya revision of the
1089:
Left: Old statues in Lhalung. Right: Abbott of Lalung Gompa
2635:
1759:
During February/March, the Tibetan New Year is observed as
900:
In 2004, to commemorate the birthday of Padmasambhava, the
766:
Nyingmapa, Chonangpa and Dragung-Kargyupa; Non-Buddhist of
3097:
Social, cultural, and economic history of Himachal Pradesh
1819:
Social, Cultural, and Economic History of Himachal Pradesh
1465:(Brom-ston, 1008–1064 CE), a pupil of the famous teacher,
1469:, in the 11th century. This however, refers to destroyed
2824:"History of the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives"
1844:"His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyaltso"
1573:
summer picnic spot) near upper Dharamshala, the ancient
893:
of the Kagyupa order and the other monastery called the
3149:. Second Edition. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.
928:
excellence in Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur valleys of the
607:
Archaeological evidence also supports the influence of
3212:. Vol. I, Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi.
2596:"The Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries of the Spiti Valley"
1589:
An important Buddhist shrine (located opposite to the
1504:. Later that same year it suffered more damage from a
785:
in consultation with the Dalai Lama. The institute, a
1561:
Library of Tibetan Works and Archives at Dharmashala
1362:, situated in the Spiti Valley between the towns of
1156:
is located (3,660 metres (12,010 ft)) near the
184:
in close vicinity to Dharamshala, and is called the
133:
of has been a long-recorded practice. The spread of
3778:
3740:
3702:
3661:
3626:
3590:
3564:
3555:
3509:
3476:
3423:
3405:
2299:
2297:
313:in Spiti, the last named monastery is known as the
3178:. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi.
2967:
2904:
592:pass are considered classical Buddhist shrines of
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
1177:, which forms part of the border of the village.
2367:. Government of Himachal Pradesh. Archived from
2083:. Government of Himachal Pradesh. Archived from
2849:Bernstorff, Dagmar; Hubertus von Welck (2003).
2695:"Namgyal Monastery as it exists today in India"
1890:. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010
1665:and items that date back to the 12th century.
3364:
3231:
2798:"Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts (TIPA)"
2393:. National Informatics Centre. Archived from
2238:"Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies"
2114:. National Informatics Centre. Archived from
1488:In the 17th century, during the reign of the
8:
2747:
2745:
963:Left: Paintings in the new assembly hall of
476:of Tibet had deputed Thomi Sambota to visit
2335:"Dalai Lama performs parikrama at Rewalsar"
2270:
2268:
775:Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies
341:, categorised as per teachings into three "
3561:
3371:
3357:
3349:
3238:
3224:
3216:
2804:. Planning Commission, Government of India
2718:
2716:
2359:
2357:
1593:in the same courtyard) in the town is the
677:, which eventually got subsumed under the
3248:Buddhist monasteries in Himachal Pradesh
2135:
2133:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1682:, with Dhauladhar range in the background
1146:. Right: Nako Lake, village and monastery
1000:(assembly hall). The Dalai Lama held the
580:episode discovered in a monastic cell in
3827:Buddhist monasteries in Himachal Pradesh
3161:Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh
3056:"Buddhist festivals in Himachal Pradesh"
2852:Exile as challenge: the Tibetan diaspora
2426:"Homestays of Spiti- The Forbidden Land"
2106:
2104:
2102:
1709:A Thangka painter, Norbulingka Institute
1269:deep canyon and overlooking the town of
1197:Fourteenth century and later monasteries
1164:border in the trans-Himalayan region in
223:and Himachal Pradesh and bounded by the
3163:. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.
3146:Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya
2997:Buddhist Festivals in Himachal Pradesh.
2756:. Crest Publishing House. p. 476.
2502:
2500:
2498:
2014:
2012:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1808:
1188:An impression of a foot found near the
996:and has since been re-built with a new
895:Tso-Pema Ogyen Heru-kai Nyingmapa Gompa
808:Tso-Pema Ogyen Heru-kai Nyingmapa Gompa
21:Buddhist monasteries (Himachal Pradesh)
3123:
3113:
3011:
3001:
2948:
2938:
2885:
2875:
2779:
2769:
2612:. World Monuments Fund. Archived from
1989:
1979:
1901:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
2966:Bindloss, Joe; Singh, Sarina (2007).
1655:Library of Tibetan Works and Archives
1649:Library of Tibetan works and archives
1520:images and idols, in the position of
1247:valley. Right: Inside Assembly Hall,
627:valley, in Himachal Pradesh, then to
512:of the lake on religious pilgrimage.
7:
2536:. Tourism Department. Archived from
2141:"One version of the Buddhist legend"
1959:. Indus Publishing. pp. 11–16.
1615:Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts
460:, as cited in the chronicles of the
2697:. Namgyal Monastery. Archived from
1846:. Namgyal Monastery. Archived from
1473:monastery at the nearby village of
3786:Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons
2455:"Luxury Tours in Indian Himalayas"
2276:"Buddhist monasteries in Rawalsar"
2057:. Buddhist Tourism. Archived from
1788:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
1395:means fort. Hence, Dhangkar means
472:respectively. In the 7th century,
192:(a combination of Dharamshala and
14:
3030:"Buddhist Festivals and Holidays"
2855:. Orient Blackswan. p. 305.
2610:"World Monuments Watch 1996–2006"
495:in the Western Himalayan region.
219:, formed by the Indian states of
3100:. Indus Publishing. p. 92.
3094:Ahluwalia, Manjit Singh (1998).
2802:Planning Commission NGO Database
1956:Buddhist Monasteries of Himachal
1816:Ahluwalia, Manjit Singh (1998).
1702:
1687:
1672:
1545:
1536:
1433:
1424:
1320:
1311:
1229:
1220:
1132:
1123:
1079:
1070:
967:. Right: View of the valley and
953:
944:
831:
822:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
28:
23:
17:
3176:Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia
1036:, a merchant's son, deputed by
2112:"Beas Circuit, Mandi:Rewalsar"
2055:"Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh"
2022:. Culturopedia. Archived from
1510:Archaeological Survey of India
1447:valley. Right: Key Gompa with
1277:establishment here founded by
1020:The few original paintings of
1015:Archaeological Survey of India
1:
2676:SurfIndia.com – Kye monastery
2459:Tabo-Lhalung-Dhankar-Schiling
1605:(gilded)- the central image,
793:Earliest lake and monasteries
420:in the Spiti Valley, and the
3822:Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh
923:Rinchen Zangpo's monasteries
762:emigrated to India in 1959.
227:on the extreme west and the
3433:Prehistory and protohistory
3210:Antiquities of Indian Tibet
3192:India: A Divine Destination
2754:India: A Divine Destination
2724:"Dalai Lama Temple Complex"
922:
777:(CIHTS) was established at
483:in India to imbibe more of
112:Tibetan Government-in-Exile
3848:
3194:. Crest Publishing House.
2314:"Devotees throng Rewalsar"
1694:Seat of Happiness Temple,
1528:Monasteries in Dharamshala
1413:
1300:
1209:
562:. Names such as Matth and
117:
3463:Punjab Hill States agency
3390:
3255:
3190:Deshpande, Aruna (2005).
3143:Kapadia, Harish. (1999).
2911:. Lonely Planet. p.
2752:Deshpande, Aruna (2005).
2636:"The Dhangkar Initiative"
2391:"Tourism in Lahaul Spiti"
1908:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
631:and further on to Tibet,
2974:. LonelyPlanet. p.
1880:"Trans-Himalayan Murals"
1563:set up by the Dalai Lama
1481:sect rose to power with
1457:The earliest history of
1281:(958–1055 AD) and named
659:Guru Deepankara Srijnana
416:(Drukpa Kagyu sect) and
204:(who went to Tibet from
97:at the monastery of the
3557:Districts and divisions
3208:Francke, A. H. (1914).
994:1975 Kinnaur earthquake
891:Drigung Kagyu Monastery
804:Drigung Kagyu Monastery
208:in Himachal Pradesh in
2934:Norbulingka Institute.
1924:"About Tabo Monastery"
449:
441:
388:in the Lahaul Valley,
370:Guru Ghantal Monastery
3174:Janet Rizvi. (1996).
3159:Handa, O. C. (1987).
2681:4 August 2009 at the
2081:"Tourism:Monasteries"
1723:Norbulingka Institute
1717:Norbulingka Institute
1696:Norbulingka Institute
1680:Norbulingka Institute
1627:Norbulingka Institute
1414:Further information:
1301:Further information:
1210:Further information:
600:at the confluence of
447:
439:
106:, also called Little
2616:on 28 September 2009
1822:. Indus Publishing.
1404:World Monuments Fund
1009:(scroll paintings),
906:Urgyen Trinley Dorje
3717:Hydroelectric power
3279:Gozzangwa Monastery
2244:on 30 November 2009
1953:Handa, O.C (2004).
1798:Buddhism in Kashmir
1738:Ogyen Trinley Dorje
1559:, 2007. Right: The
1048:World Heritage Site
737:Tibetan immigration
712:(Chinese) favoured
474:King Songtsen Gampo
141:under the reign of
3501:Traditional dances
3283:Gandhola Monastery
3270:Gandhola Monastery
2730:on 23 January 2010
2576:Handa pp. 131, 149
2514:on 6 November 2009
2465:on 4 February 2010
2118:on 9 February 2010
2020:"Tibetan Buddhism"
1850:on 12 October 2009
1239:Left: Castle type
609:Vajrayana Buddhism
493:Vajrayana Buddhism
450:
442:
359:Gandhola Monastery
3832:Buddhism in India
3809:
3808:
3791:Bhanupli–Leh line
3779:Images and others
3657:
3656:
3458:Kangra-Lambagraon
3384:Himachal Pradesh
3346:
3345:
3328:Tangyud Monastery
3318:Shashur Monastery
3313:Lhalung Monastery
3293:Kalachakra Temple
3288:Kardang Monastery
3265:Drigung Monastery
3036:on 21 August 2010
2985:978-1-74104-308-2
2922:978-1-74104-308-2
2666:Handa pp. 100–101
2648:Francke pp. 45–47
2492:Rizvi pp. 59, 256
2397:on 19 August 2014
2212:"India education"
2147:on 13 August 2006
2026:on 6 January 2010
1793:Buddhism in India
1637:Kalachakra Temple
1591:Namgyal Monastery
1575:Namgyal Monastery
1387:means cliff, and
1372:Tangyud Monastery
1344:Dhankar Monastery
1336:Dhankar Monastery
1332:Dhankar Monastery
1297:Dhankar Monastery
1262:Tangyud Monastery
1249:Tangyud Monastery
1241:Tangyud Monastery
1212:Tangyud Monastery
1206:Tangyud Monastery
1096:Lhalung Monastery
1062:Lhalung monastery
1056:Tholing Monastery
787:Deemed University
783:Jawahar Lal Nehru
721:in Spiti and the
671:Mahayana Buddhism
654:Another Buddhist
643:. He established
440:Kalachakra Temple
414:Kardang Monastery
402:Tangyud Monastery
390:Dhankar Monastery
378:Shashur Monastery
374:Kardang Monastery
303:Lhalung Monastery
262:Arunachal Pradesh
221:Jammu and Kashmir
122:
121:
110:, capital of the
95:Shakyamuni Buddha
72:Dhankar Monastery
68:Lhalung Monastery
60:Lhalung Monastery
3839:
3712:Animal husbandry
3562:
3453:Freedom struggle
3373:
3366:
3359:
3350:
3308:Kungri Monastery
3249:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3217:
3205:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3111:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3032:. Archived from
3026:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2973:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2910:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2726:. Archived from
2720:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2657:Handa pp. 97, 99
2655:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2534:"About Himachal"
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2510:. Archived from
2508:"Nako Monastery"
2504:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2461:. Archived from
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2371:on 17 March 2009
2361:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2303:Handa pp.214–216
2301:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2282:on 11 April 2010
2278:. Archived from
2272:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2240:. Archived from
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2214:. Archived from
2208:
2202:
2201:Handa pp.218–219
2199:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2143:. Archived from
2137:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2087:on 28 April 2009
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2061:on 2 August 2010
2051:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2016:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1950:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1875:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1813:
1706:
1691:
1676:
1549:
1540:
1490:Fifth Dalai Lama
1443:Left: Key Gompa
1437:
1428:
1324:
1315:
1233:
1224:
1170:Kinnaur district
1136:
1127:
1083:
1074:
957:
948:
917:circumambulation
835:
826:
491:established the
418:Kibber Monastery
406:Kungri Monastery
295:Tibetan Buddhism
174:Tibetan Buddhism
127:Himachal Pradesh
125:Buddhism in the
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
32:
27:
18:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3774:
3765:Protected areas
3736:
3727:Social services
3698:
3653:
3627:Shimla division
3622:
3613:Lahul and Spiti
3586:
3565:Kangra division
3551:
3517:Chief Ministers
3505:
3486:Arts and crafts
3472:
3419:
3401:
3386:
3377:
3347:
3342:
3333:Tayul Monastery
3275:Gemur Monastery
3251:
3247:
3244:
3202:
3189:
3140:
3135:
3122:
3112:
3108:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2947:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2884:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2778:
2768:
2764:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2683:Wayback Machine
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:Handa p.139-140
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2218:on 24 June 2008
2210:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1988:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1951:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1888:The Hindu Group
1878:Benoy K. Behl.
1877:
1876:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1784:
1746:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1663:Avalokiteshvara
1651:
1639:
1587:
1579:Kangra district
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1557:14th Dalai Lama
1552:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1397:fort on a cliff
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1117:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1026:Alchi Monastery
979:
978:
977:
976:
960:
959:
958:
950:
949:
938:
925:
919:) of the lake.
849:
848:
847:
846:
838:
837:
836:
828:
827:
795:
760:14th Dalai Lama
723:Hemis Monastery
598:Avalokiteshvara
594:Indian Buddhism
485:Indian Buddhist
434:
422:Bir Monasteries
386:Gemur Monastery
382:Tayul Monastery
376:(Drukpa sect),
297:(also known as
278:
164:After the 14th
114:
102:
101:, Tenzin Gyatso
99:14th Dalai Lama
82:
70:
58:
12:
11:
5:
3845:
3843:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3591:Mandi division
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3338:Gyuto Monastic
3335:
3330:
3325:
3323:Tabo Monastery
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3187:
3172:
3157:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3106:
3086:
3084:Bindloss p.283
3068:
3047:
3021:
2984:
2958:
2921:
2895:
2861:
2841:
2815:
2789:
2762:
2741:
2712:
2701:on 9 June 2010
2686:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2627:
2601:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2567:Kapadia p. 204
2560:
2551:
2525:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2446:
2417:
2408:
2382:
2365:"Lahaul Spiti"
2353:
2326:
2305:
2293:
2264:
2255:
2229:
2203:
2194:
2192:Handa pp.97–99
2185:
2183:Handa pp.94–97
2176:
2167:
2158:
2129:
2098:
2072:
2037:
2008:
1999:
1965:
1936:
1915:
1861:
1835:
1828:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1745:
1742:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1607:Avalokiteśvara
1586:
1583:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1451:flowing behind
1442:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1352:Dhangkar Gompa
1329:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1279:Rinchen Zangpo
1238:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1154:Nako monastery
1141:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:Nako monastery
1113:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
982:Tabo Monastery
969:Tabo Monastery
965:Tabo Monastery
962:
961:
952:
951:
943:
942:
941:
940:
939:
937:
936:Tabo monastery
934:
924:
921:
874:Shantarakshita
840:
839:
830:
829:
821:
820:
819:
818:
817:
816:
815:
799:Mandi district
794:
791:
739:
738:
686:Tabo Monastery
620:Rinchen Zangpo
566:and one dozen
540:Lakhina pathar
516:Archaeological
505:Mandi district
489:Shantarakshita
433:
430:
404:(Sakya sect),
394:Kaza Monastery
323:Buddhist sects
311:Tabo Monastery
286:Rinchen Zangpo
277:
274:
131:state of India
120:
119:
116:
115:
87:Nako Monastery
76:Tabo Monastery
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3844:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3770:Highest point
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Early history
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:Key Monastery
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Dhankar Gompa
3258:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:81-242-0556-6
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3184:0-19-564546-4
3181:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:81-85182-03-5
3166:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:81-7387-093-4
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3117:
3109:
3107:81-7387-089-6
3103:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3005:
2998:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2942:
2935:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2879:
2864:
2862:81-250-2555-3
2858:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2842:
2830:on 3 May 2009
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2773:
2765:
2763:81-242-0556-6
2759:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2585:Francke p. 43
2582:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2540:on 5 May 2010
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2483:Kapadia p. 64
2480:
2477:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2415:Kapadia p. 82
2412:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2165:Handa p.75-80
2162:
2159:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1983:
1968:
1966:81-7387-170-1
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1829:9788173870897
1825:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:Mcleod Ganj.
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1705:
1697:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:Padmasambhava
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:Tsuglag Khang
1596:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1539:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:is traced to
1460:
1459:Key Monastery
1450:
1446:
1436:
1427:
1417:
1416:Key Monastery
1410:Key Monastery
1409:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1368:Key Monastery
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1314:
1304:
1303:Dhankar Gompa
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1223:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1126:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1082:
1073:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
974:
970:
966:
956:
947:
935:
933:
931:
920:
918:
914:
910:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
887:
881:
879:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
844:
843:Rewalsar Lake
834:
825:
813:
812:
811:
809:
805:
800:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
763:
761:
757:
753:
752:Reincarnation
749:
744:
736:
735:
734:
730:
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
652:
649:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:-Malan- Dadh-
525:
521:
517:
513:
511:
506:
502:
498:
497:Rewalsar lake
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
446:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Kye Monastery
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:in Spiti and
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
202:Padmasambhava
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:Tenzin Gyatso
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:Kushan Empire
144:
140:
139:Maurya Empire
136:
132:
129:
128:
118:
113:
109:
105:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:Guru Rinpoche
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
31:
26:
20:
19:
16:
3689:Sundar Nagar
3662:Major cities
3537:Vidhan Sabha
3510:Jurisdiction
3448:British rule
3396:
3292:
3246:
3209:
3191:
3175:
3160:
3145:
3096:
3089:
3059:. Retrieved
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3034:the original
3024:
2996:
2989:. Retrieved
2969:
2961:
2933:
2926:. Retrieved
2906:
2898:
2866:. Retrieved
2851:
2844:
2832:. Retrieved
2828:the original
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2801:
2792:
2753:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:the original
2703:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2689:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2614:the original
2604:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:the original
2528:
2516:. Retrieved
2512:the original
2488:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2458:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2369:the original
2344:. Retrieved
2338:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2308:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:the original
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:the original
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2216:the original
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2145:the original
2120:. Retrieved
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1019:
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930:Sutlej River
926:
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850:
796:
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764:
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731:
719:Ki Monastery
710:Ming dynasty
694:Chengiz Khan
653:
625:Sutlej River
618:
606:
586:Guru Ghantal
573:
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539:
514:
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214:
189:
188:and also as
186:Little Lhasa
185:
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3694:Dharamshala
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3124:|work=
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2949:|work=
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2346:3 September
2340:The Tribune
2286:3 September
2262:Handa p.221
2151:3 September
1990:|work=
1625:Monastery,
1498:Ghulam Khan
1496:army under
1449:Spiti River
1360:Grang-mkhar
1356:Brang-mkhar
1346:also spelt
1038:Bodhisattva
1011:manuscripts
986:Spiti River
748:Gendun Drup
698:Kublai Khan
564:Trilokinath
544:Vajravarahi
528:Dharamshala
458:Kulu valley
426:Bir Tibetan
258:West Bengal
246:Kushalnagar
242:Uttarakhand
225:Indus River
210:North India
182:McLeod Ganj
178:Dharamshala
104:McLeod Ganj
3816:Categories
3542:Raj Bhavan
3532:Government
3527:High Court
3138:References
3061:20 January
3040:20 January
2991:20 January
2928:19 January
2868:17 January
2834:17 January
2808:17 January
2734:19 January
2705:17 January
2620:20 January
2544:18 January
2518:18 January
2469:17 January
2439:17 January
2434:to Lhalung
2401:19 January
2375:18 January
2319:19 January
2248:19 January
2222:19 January
2174:Handa p.86
2122:19 January
2091:17 January
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2030:17 January
2006:Handa p.21
1972:18 January
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1884:Front Line
1854:17 January
1643:Kalachakra
1603:Shakyamuni
1555:Left: The
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1287:Tang-rGyud
1058:in Tibet.
1050:listed by
1030:Vairochana
1002:Kalachakra
743:Tsongkhapa
708:sect, the
590:Rohtang la
588:), beyond
546:(Buddhist
520:Numismatic
508:undertake
307:Nako Gompa
254:Darjeeling
166:Dalai Lama
3742:Geography
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3522:Governors
3491:Languages
3415:Education
3126:ignored (
3116:cite book
3014:ignored (
3004:cite book
2951:ignored (
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2888:ignored (
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2782:ignored (
2772:cite book
1992:ignored (
1982:cite book
1744:Festivals
1402:In 2006,
1377:Pin River
1348:Drangkhar
1283:Rador-lha
1190:Nako Lake
1175:Nako Lake
1144:Nako Lake
1041:Manjushri
913:parikrama
536:Kharoshti
510:parikrama
468:area and
355:Vajrayana
319:Himalayas
291:Vajrayana
250:Karnataka
217:Himalayas
161:valleys.
62:Altar of
3722:Industry
3603:Hamirpur
3598:Bilaspur
2679:Archived
1904:cite web
1782:See also
1109:Choshore
1046:It is a
990:chortens
857:Tibetans
852:Rewalsar
814:Rewalsar
779:Varanasi
714:Kargyupa
675:Kahdampa
645:Buddhist
560:Sanskrit
524:Palampur
501:Rewalsar
478:Buddhist
408:(of the
351:Mahayana
347:Hinayana
343:vehicles
276:Overview
238:Dehradun
206:Rewalsar
135:Buddhism
84:Panorama
80:chortens
3801:Tourism
3760:Climate
3704:Economy
3644:Sirmaur
3634:Kinnaur
3478:Culture
3425:History
3393:Capital
2430:Day 4:
1659:mandala
1631:Sidhpur
1623:Nechung
1619:Sidhpur
1571:British
1475:Rangrik
1471:Kadampa
1463:Dromtön
1291:Tengyur
1275:Kadampa
1100:Lhalung
1034:Sudhana
1007:Thangka
998:Dukhang
975:village
909:Karmapa
878:Shakthi
865:Nalanda
781:by Pt.
700:'s (of
679:Gelukpa
667:Tibetan
656:Tantric
602:Chandra
556:Chaitya
548:tantric
481:Viharas
470:Kashmir
466:Kailash
462:Chinese
454:Ashokan
432:History
412:sect),
410:Nyingma
327:Nyingma
317:of the
299:Lamaism
159:Kinnaur
3755:Rivers
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3572:Chamba
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3407:Topics
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1467:Atisha
1330:Left:
1266:Mongol
1142:Left:
1052:UNESCO
902:Tsechu
886:pagoda
841:Left:
727:Ladakh
690:Mongol
663:Atisha
648:Dharma
641:Bhutan
637:Sikkim
629:Ladakh
578:Jataka
552:Kangra
532:Brahmi
368:sect)
366:Kargyu
363:Drukpa
353:, and
337:, and
315:Ajanta
270:Ladakh
266:Sikkim
151:Lahaul
143:Ashoka
3750:Lakes
3684:Mandi
3679:Nahan
3674:Solan
3649:Solan
3618:Mandi
3608:Kullu
3496:Music
3380:State
2970:India
2907:India
2432:Demul
1804:Notes
1761:Losar
1754:cedar
1728:Lhasa
1494:Dogra
1479:Sakya
1445:Spiti
1381:Dhang
1253:Spiti
1245:Spiti
1162:China
1158:India
1104:Devta
869:lotus
861:Sahor
756:Lhasa
706:Sakya
633:Nepal
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569:maths
339:Sakya
335:Gelug
331:Kagyu
198:Tibet
194:Lhasa
190:Dhasa
155:Spiti
108:Lhasa
91:Spiti
3468:Guge
3196:ISBN
3180:ISBN
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3151:ISBN
3128:help
3102:ISBN
3063:2010
3042:2010
3016:help
2993:2010
2980:ISBN
2953:help
2930:2010
2917:ISBN
2890:help
2870:2010
2857:ISBN
2836:2010
2810:2009
2784:help
2758:ISBN
2736:2010
2707:2010
2622:2010
2546:2010
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2321:2010
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2250:2010
2224:2010
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2067:2010
2032:2010
1994:help
1974:2010
1961:ISBN
1931:2010
1910:link
1896:2010
1856:2010
1824:ISBN
1721:The
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