214:
1472:
140:
1530:
1588:
279:. During the "Revival Process" assimilation efforts increased and those Muslims who had not already been made to adopt new sufficiently Bulgarian names in place of their original Turkish or Islamic names were made to do so. The "Revival Process" was followed by the "
287:, the "Revival Process" was reversed and people were free to revert to previous names or adopt the names they wished. Regardless, some of those who had been made to adopt a "Bulgarian" name continued using both it and their restored name.
199:) only 9.7% of respondents declared themselves to be ethnically Turkish and information on the Turkic Gagauz population was not collected. This precipitous drop in the Turkish population of Bulgaria meant that by the time of the
159:
occupation authorities during and immediately after the war as well as
Bulgarian administrators, attempted to remove traces of Ottoman rule from the area where possible. The Bulgarian nation was ideally to consist of Slavic
255:
originated in the 1960s during
Zhivkov's rule. The regime in Sofia often fell back on claims that the Ottoman Empire had planned and executed the "Islamization" and "Turkification" of Bulgaria. In 1985, a senior
1513:
856:
718:
248:
and the country by extension. Under
Zhivkov, the conception of the Bulgarian nation was further developed and new "Bulgarianisation" campaigns were carried out.
851:
1080:
1629:
295:
Despite historic tensions with its Muslim minority, the current constitution of
Bulgaria provides for freedom of religion, though it does recognize the
758:
1506:
422:
1572:
283:" which saw the expulsion of over 300,000 Bulgarian Turks from the country (and subsequent return of some of the victims). Following the fall of
1238:
164:. In spite of treaty obligations requiring Bulgaria to protect its Muslim subjects, Islamic buildings of many kinds were destroyed (including
1678:
686:
608:
155:, Bulgaria at last regained independence, though initially it remained under limited Ottoman suzerainty. Following the Ottoman defeat, both
824:
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1359:
1305:
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ethnic space. Historically, unsuccessful assimilation efforts in
Bulgaria were primarily directed at Muslims, most notably
968:
753:
1377:
1216:
147:
in 1861. Bulgarians are in light green while Turks are in red, Romanians are in light blue, and Greeks are in dark blue.
1565:
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802:
203:, many formerly Turkish-majority areas had become majority ethnically Bulgarian, because of the emigration to Turkey.
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522:
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dropped that recognition and leaned more heavily into
Bulgarian nationalism. Following the death of Stalin in 1954,
1663:
1364:
627:
225:
99:, Bulgarians were no longer politically dominant in their own lands. While the Ottomans did not generally require
1615:
296:
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245:
1683:
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978:
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119:(though many still identified as "Bulgarian"). A sub-set of these converts to Islam also assimilated into the
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1253:
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580:
161:
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Religious
Minorities, Nation States and Security: Five Cases from the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean
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115:). Those Bulgarians who converted to Islam but retained their Slavic language and customs became known as
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63:
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649:
Ethnic
Cleansing During the Cold War: The Forgotten 1989 Expulsion of Turks from Communist Bulgaria
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initially forced
Bulgaria to recognize many minority ethnic groups in the country, over time the
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official proclaimed that “The
Bulgarian nation has no parts of other peoples and nations”.
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in Bulgaria, much of modern day Bulgaria had an ethnic Turkish Muslim majority prior to
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Briefing: Bulgaria's Muslims: From Communist assimilation to tentative recognition
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as the "traditional religion" of Bulgaria. Bulgarisation has also affected the
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The idea that Bulgarian Turks shared a Slavic and Christian origin with the
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1538:
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Notable among the Bulgarianisation campaigns of the Zhivkov era was the "
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679:
Limiting institutions?: the challenge of Eurasian security governance
300:
116:
570:
Legal Problems Arising of Using Both the Turkish and Bulgarian Name
123:
ethnic group. Between that assimilation and the settlement of many
451:[Population by place of residence, sex and ethnic group].
212:
138:
111:
tax and other forms of discrimination on non-Muslims (such as the
108:
700:
175:
Assimilation efforts continued thereafter, and many Muslims
91:
provided for some cultural and religious autonomy under the
151:
Following the decisive defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the
581:
CERCETĂRI ETNOGRAFICE LA ROMÂNII DINTRE KOZLODUI ȘI ȘIȘTOV
677:
Sperling, James; Kay, Sean; Papacosma, S. Victor (2003).
500:
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393:
391:
179:. In the first post-independence census conducted by the
1603:
1546:
1487:
378:
376:
363:
361:
1387:
1320:
1288:
1262:
449:"Население по местоживеене, пол и етническа група"
195:, but by 1934 (the final census conducted by the
544:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
95:, and Bulgarians were briefly granted their own
681:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
1623:
1566:
1507:
712:
546:"Refworld | Chronology for Turks in Bulgaria"
8:
1630:
1616:
1573:
1559:
1514:
1500:
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719:
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697:
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477:
455:(in Bulgarian). 1900–2011. Archived from
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62:, but non-Islamic groups have also faced
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87:ethnic group was reversed. While the
7:
1584:
1582:
1525:
1523:
1468:
1466:
206:
183:26.3% of respondents declared their
1602:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1545:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1486:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
25:
1586:
1528:
1470:
660:Macedonia: its Disputed History
532:Islamic Human Rights Commission
336:Freedom of religion in Bulgaria
83:, much of the expansion of the
143:A map of ethnic groups in the
1:
623:A Concise History of Bulgaria
208:People's Republic of Bulgaria
201:People's Republic of Bulgaria
153:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
107:, the empire did enforce the
1679:Cross-cultural studies stubs
1301:Romanisation of the writings
135:The Principality and Tsardom
1415:Forced religious conversion
238:Bulgarian People's Republic
1715:
1581:
1522:
1465:
647:Kamusella, Tomasz (2019).
628:Cambridge University Press
244:rose to leadership of the
1378:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
1263:Assimilation by religions
734:
597:Apostolov, Mario (2018).
297:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
258:Bulgarian Communist Party
246:Bulgarian Communist Party
47:
35:
1659:Human rights in Bulgaria
1289:Assimilation by writings
620:Crampton, R. J. (1997).
603:. Taylor & Francis.
341:Human rights in Bulgaria
181:Principality of Bulgaria
1541:-related article is a
1395:Cultural globalisation
658:Simpson, Neil (1994).
525:19 August 2006 at the
267:", a 1980s attempt to
229:
148:
131:(see 1861 map below).
129:Bulgarian independence
1699:Bulgarian irredentism
1694:Slavic language stubs
1649:Cultural assimilation
1480:cultural assimilation
728:Cultural assimilation
326:Cultural assimilation
305:Romanians in Bulgaria
224:at a congress of the
216:
142:
64:cultural assimilation
1432:Internal colonialism
1400:Cultural imperialism
1081:Northern Afghanistan
453:Censusresults.nsi.bg
307:), who were largely
1594:This article about
1478:This article about
1437:Jewish assimilation
1410:Forced assimilation
948:or Castilianisation
197:Tsardom of Bulgaria
162:Orthodox Christians
50:) is the spread of
1061:Montenegrinisation
429:on 4 February 2017
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1664:Islam in Bulgaria
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1427:Identity politics
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1046:Macedonianisation
688:978-0-7190-6605-4
662:. Aristoc Press.
610:978-1-351-78441-2
412:, pp. 17–18.
346:Turks in Bulgaria
331:Islam in Bulgaria
52:Bulgarian culture
38:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
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1388:Related concepts
1350:De-russification
1338:De-stalinisation
1333:De-communisation
1270:Christianisation
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1112:or Latinisation
1066:Norwegianisation
1042:or Hungarisation
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97:Bulgarian Millet
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18:Bulgarianisation
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1345:De-nazification
1321:Opposite trends
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1140:Sanskritisation
1105:Romanianisation
1071:Pakistanisation
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936:Hawaiianisation
892:Europeanisation
887:Estonianisation
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265:Revival Process
222:Georgi Dimitrov
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93:"Millet System"
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60:Bulgarian Turks
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1328:De-arabisation
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1254:Zairianisation
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1244:Westernisation
1241:
1239:Vietnamisation
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1226:
1224:Turkmenisation
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1220:
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1194:
1192:Talibanisation
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1184:
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1145:Serbianisation
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1135:Saffronisation
1132:
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1119:
1118:
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1076:Pashtunisation
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1035:Lithuanisation
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1030:Latvianization
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1005:
1000:
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996:Japanification
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986:Italianisation
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971:
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964:Indigenisation
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926:Georgification
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882:Dutchification
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872:Cypriotisation
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859:
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832:Bosniakisation
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739:Africanisation
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459:on 30 May 2017
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1218:
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1212:Turkification
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1208:
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1197:Taiwanisation
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1190:
1188:
1187:Swedification
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1182:Swahilisation
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1177:Sovietisation
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1167:Slavicisation
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1150:Sinhalisation
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1090:
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1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
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1059:
1057:
1056:Mongolisation
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:Magyarisation
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Kurdification
1023:
1021:
1020:Koreanisation
1018:
1014:
1009:
1008:Kazakhisation
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
976:
975:
974:Israelisation
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
958:
955:
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952:Indianisation
950:
947:
944:
942:
941:Hellenisation
939:
937:
934:
932:
931:Germanisation
929:
927:
924:
922:
921:Gaelicisation
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915:
912:
911:
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904:Finnicisation
902:
898:
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894:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
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870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:Chilenisation
850:
848:
847:Celticisation
845:
843:
840:
838:
837:Bulgarisation
835:
833:
830:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:Bengalisation
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810:
809:
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804:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
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771:Anglicisation
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669:0-646-20462-9
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637:0-521-85085-1
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113:Devshirme
85:Bulgarian
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1539:Bulgaria
914:Brussels
555:18 April
550:Refworld
523:Archived
315:See also
277:Bulgaria
228:in 1946.
1365:Ukraine
1128:Finland
786:Berbers
273:Turkish
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70:History
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