459:
proper examination will lead the physician to obtain appropriate historical information and/or laboratory tests that are able to confirm the diagnosis. Upon examination, the important clinical observations are the (1) morphology, (2) configuration, and (3) distribution of the lesion(s). With regard to morphology, the initial lesion that characterizes a condition is known as the "primary lesion", and identification of such a lesions is the most important aspect of the cutaneous examination. Over time, these primary lesions may continue to develop or be modified by regression or trauma, producing "secondary lesions". However, with that being stated, the lack of standardization of basic dermatologic terminology has been one of the principal barriers to successful communication among physicians in describing cutaneous findings. Nevertheless, there are some commonly accepted terms used to describe the macroscopic morphology, configuration, and distribution of skin lesions, which are listed below.
303:. Of these, keratinocytes are the major component, constituting roughly 95% of the epidermis. This stratified squamous epithelium is maintained by cell division within the stratum basale, in which differentiating cells slowly displace outwards through the stratum spinosum to the stratum corneum, where cells are continually shed from the surface. In normal skin, the rate of production equals the rate of loss; about two weeks are needed for a cell to migrate from the basal cell layer to the top of the granular cell layer, and an additional two weeks to cross the stratum corneum.
579:
551:
51:
537:
509:
565:
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353:. The dermis contains two vascular networks that run parallel to the skin surface—one superficial and one deep plexus—which are connected by vertical communicating vessels. The function of blood vessels within the dermis is fourfold: to supply nutrition, to regulate temperature, to modulate inflammation, and to participate in wound healing.
977:"Distribution" refers to how lesions are localized. They may be confined to a single area (a patch) or may be in several places. Some distributions correlate with the means by which a given area becomes affected. For example, contact dermatitis correlates with locations where allergen has elicited an allergic immune response.
458:
The physical examination of the skin and its appendages, as well as the mucous membranes, forms the cornerstone of an accurate diagnosis of cutaneous conditions. Most of these conditions present with cutaneous surface changes termed "lesions," which have more or less distinct characteristics. Often
601:: A patch is a large macule equal to or greater than either 5 or 10 mm across, depending on one's definition of a macule. Patches may have some subtle surface change, such as a fine scale or wrinkling, but although the consistency of the surface is changed, the lesion itself is not palpable.
78:
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, insects, trauma, cancers, allergies, toxins, vitamin/nutritional deficiencies/excesses, prolonged pressure, impaired blood circulation, ingrown hairs or nails, autoimmune conditions, aging, sun exposure, radiation exposure, exposure to heat/cold, dryness,
4345:
989:("shingles"). Chicken pox appears nearly everywhere on the body, but herpes zoster tends to follow one or two dermatomes; for example, the eruptions may appear along the bra line, on either or both sides of the patient.
595:: A macule is a change in surface color, without elevation or depression, so nonpalpable, well or ill-defined, variously sized, but generally considered less than either 5 or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point.
809:
refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. Dermal or subcutaneous atrophy is represented by depression of the
617:: A plaque has been described as a broad papule, or confluence of papules equal to or greater than 10 mm, or alternatively as an elevated, plateau-like lesion that is greater in its diameter than in its depth.
625:: A nodule is morphologically similar to a papule in that it is also a palpable spherical lesion less than 10 mm in diameter. However, it is differentiated by being centered deeper in the dermis or subcutis.
4338:
132:). While only a small number of skin diseases account for most visits to the physician, thousands of skin conditions have been described. Classification of these conditions often presents many
4331:
151:
Clinically, the diagnosis of any particular skin condition begins by gathering pertinent information of the presenting skin lesion(s), including: location (e.g. arms, head, legs); symptoms (
124:
Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as dermatoses, as well as many nonpathologic states (like, in certain circumstances,
2959:
3984:
2418:
213:, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. Within the latter type, hairs in structures called
136:
challenges, since underlying causes and pathogenetics are often not known. Therefore, most current textbooks present a classification based on location (for example,
3083:
2498:
387:
compartments, which differ in microscopic appearance. Functionally, the subcutaneous fat insulates the body, absorbs trauma, and serves as a reserve energy source.
4838:
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2952:
197:
The skin weighs an average of 4 kg (8.8 lb), covers an area of about 2 m (22 sq ft), and is made of three distinct layers: the
4009:
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609:: A papule is a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin, varying in size from less than either 5 or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point.
3510:
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2341:
2104:
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2001:
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848:"Configuration" refers to how lesions are locally grouped ("organized"), which contrasts with how they are distributed (see next section).
3946:
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654:, a rounded or irregularly shaped blister equal to or greater than either 5 or 10 mm, depending on one's definition of a vesicle.
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333:
of the epidermis, between which the two layers interact through the basement membrane zone. Structural components of the dermis are
4937:
702:
is also called a welt, with the ID injection process itself frequently referred to as simply "raising a wheal" in medical texts.
4111:
3822:
4896:
4522:
3128:
2693:
2651:
2484:
644:, a circumscribed, epidermal elevation generally considered less than either 5 or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point.
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information that can be correlated with the clinical presentation and any laboratory data. The introduction of cutaneous
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5256:
5011:
4702:
4014:
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345:
also called extra fibrillar matrix. Within these components are the pilosebaceous units, arrector pili muscles, and the
145:
141:
137:
5006:
4537:
4492:
3784:
2926:
2731:
2571:
2567:
789:: An ulcer is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis.
698:, disappearing within 24 to 48 hours. The temporary raised skin on the site of a properly delivered intradermal (ID)
724:: A burrow appears as a slightly elevated, grayish, tortuous line in the skin, and is caused by burrowing organisms.
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757:: Epidermal thickening characterized by visible and palpable thickening of the skin with accentuated skin markings
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5281:
4238:
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777:
produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis, but commonly reaching the
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4602:
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695:
317:
The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, and comprises two sections, the
4290:
710:: Welts occur as a result of blunt force being applied to the body with elongated objects without sharp edges.
287:
from the dermis, since the epidermis is without direct blood supply. The epidermis contains four cell types:
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978:
423:
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4308:
4223:
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4039:
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3882:
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3532:
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3133:
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718:: A telangiectasia represents an enlargement of superficial blood vessels to the point of being visible.
2393:
5675:
5621:
4612:
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4385:
4191:
4132:
3894:
3399:
3381:
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3336:
3004:
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2719:
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699:
669:
280:
192:
98:
4323:
1291:
Lippens S, Hoste E, Vandenabeele P, Agostinis P, Declercq W (April 2009). "Cell death in the skin".
50:
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206:
79:
humidity, other organ damage or condition, substance usage or contact, hereditary conditions, etc.
550:
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774:
272:
214:
680:: A pustule is a small elevation of the skin usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.
5562:
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5241:
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4823:
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4671:
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2365:
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2199:
2168:
2125:
2100:
2075:
2045:
1997:
1963:
1914:
1855:
1832:
1795:
1747:
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1703:
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621:
94:
63:
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3066:
3035:
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2158:
1953:
1945:
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1824:
1763:
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1629:
1546:
1505:
1466:
1343:
1300:
778:
764:
694:: A wheal is a rounded or flat-topped, pale red papule or plaque that is characteristically
383:, or fat cell. The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i.e. linear strands) and
342:
322:
318:
276:
250:
198:
5521:
5495:
5324:
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2802:
2797:
2736:
2618:
1162:
814:
748:
296:
268:
264:
222:
183:
has allowed the detection of cutaneous tumors, inflammatory processes, and skin diseases.
2999:
2018:
446:('On the diseases of the skin'). It is considered the first scientific work dedicated to
1892:
5616:
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1933:
1909:
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1192:
1172:
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110:
1470:
326:
121:. The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment.
5723:
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2714:
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2529:
1355:
1202:
1157:
986:
706:
483:
407:
371:. This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or
346:
338:
226:
218:
210:
129:
1675:
1658:
1634:
1618:"[Skin biopsy and its histopathologic analysis: Why? What for? How? Part I]"
1617:
1320:
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5485:
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3048:
3040:
2977:
2792:
1182:
1177:
1138:
1026:
793:
288:
125:
102:
1659:"[Skin biopsy with histopathologic analysis: why? what for? how? part II]"
564:
536:
477:
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5544:
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1828:
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982:
508:
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411:
300:
172:
156:
133:
68:
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494:
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2643:
2552:
2507:
2331:
2187:
1304:
1187:
1167:
1097:
803:
is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.
763:: An erosion is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the
330:
292:
256:
230:
180:
176:
5444:
5354:
5304:
5068:
4655:
4627:
4532:
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3321:
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3108:
3053:
2836:
1234:
1114:
1092:
380:
367:
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying
284:
2097:
1967:
1918:
1836:
1684:
1643:
1312:
828:
2203:
2172:
1560:
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1443:
155:, pain); duration (acute or chronic); arrangement (solitary, generalized,
5379:
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4813:
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4512:
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3307:
3098:
2761:
2709:
2327:
1519:
1129:
833:
824:
is formation of a depression at the top of a papule, vesicle, or pustule.
629:
433:
334:
238:
234:
152:
2476:
2163:
2146:
1949:
1900:
1724:
Weedon's Skin
Pathology, 2-Volume Set: Expert Consult – Online and Print
1457:
Lambert WC, Everett MA (October 1981). "The nosology of parapsoriasis".
818:: softening and turning white of the skin due to being consistently wet.
5404:
5178:
5032:
4942:
4861:
4848:
4798:
4727:
4451:
4446:
4441:
3697:
2770:
1217:
1124:
1031:
837:
738:
651:
641:
260:
17:
2451:
5467:
4790:
4735:
4502:
4497:
4471:
4380:
1815:
Paus R, Cotsarelis G (August 1999). "The biology of hair follicles".
1119:
1102:
917:
613:
605:
368:
312:
202:
164:
118:
114:
171:); and color (red, yellow, etc.). Some diagnoses may also require a
2017:
Amirlak B, Shahabi L. Talavera F, Stadelmann WK, Caputy GG (eds.).
1347:
522:
4456:
1230:
634:
Similar to a nodule, but it is larger than 10 mm in diameter.
437:
2124:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1019.
5037:
4556:
4375:
3852:
2765:
1752:"Real-Time Elastography in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A Primer"
684:
662:
106:
5408:
4327:
2941:
2480:
2120:
Ryan T (1991). "Cutaneous
Circulation". In Goldsmith LA (ed.).
767:, a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed.
1593:
Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and
Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology
2392:
Copstead LE, Diestelmeier RE, Diestelmeier MR (2016-09-03).
751:
usually mixed with epithelial and sometimes bacterial debris
2360:
Cotran RS, Kumar V, Fausto N, Robbins SL, Abbas AK (2005).
2122:
Physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the skin
1698:
Xu X, Elder DA, Elenitsas R, Johnson BL, Murphy GE (2008).
1022:: in an area where two skin areas may touch or rub together
27:
Any medical condition that affects the integumentary system
1494:"Historical outline of attempts to classify skin diseases"
2147:"Role of microvascular endothelial cells in inflammation"
797:
is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep.
255:
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a
2242:
2240:
1702:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
981:
is known to recur (after its initial presentation as
2441:
2355:
2353:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2188:"Recognizing neoplastic skin lesions: a photo guide"
379:. The main cellular component of this tissue is the
58:
3D medical illustration showing major layers of skin
5323:
5290:
5234:
5219:
5210:
5167:
5138:
5117:
5108:
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5020:
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4555:
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3903:
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3301:
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2760:
2642:
2561:
2538:
2515:
2445:
2301:
1595:(5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division.
237:, which is chemically influenced by the underlying
74:
62:
40:
35:
1370:
661:"Pustule" redirects here. Not to be confused with
4354:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
3985:Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis
2299:James WD, Berger TD, Elston DM, Odom RB (2006).
1268:Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology
486:bites on human skin showing characteristic welts
241:that forms the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.
3084:Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
1039:: on the palm of the hand or bottom of the foot
233:, the epidermis, hair, and glands are from the
146:skin conditions resulting from physical factors
2362:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease
1459:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
375:, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the
283:. Nourishment is provided to these layers via
5420:
4839:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
4339:
3995:Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
2953:
2492:
1994:Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
836:on any external part of the body, such as in
8:
4493:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
1877:"Scratching the surface of skin development"
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
2322:
2320:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2040:Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP (2007).
741:, they represent thickened stratum corneum.
441:
5427:
5413:
5405:
5216:
5114:
4986:
4975:
4968:
4572:
4561:
4363:
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3549:
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2960:
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2938:
2499:
2485:
2477:
2442:
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2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1726:. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 2009.
1432:Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie
49:
32:
2394:"Alterations in the Integumentary System"
2162:
2065:
2063:
2061:
1957:
1908:
1767:
1674:
1633:
1550:
1509:
1051:: around or under a fingernail or toenail
3990:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
3410:Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
2333:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
2151:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
1591:Wolff K, Johnson RA, Suurmond R (2005).
1539:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2145:Swerlick RA, Lawley TJ (January 1993).
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1852:Biochemistry and physiology of the skin
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1247:
930:: with rounded, breast-like projections
688:: A cyst is an epithelial-lined cavity.
209:. The two main types of human skin are
5146:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
3970:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
1792:Rook's Textbook of Dermatology CD-ROM
1045:: around an orifice such as the mouth
7:
4010:Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy
2820:Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus
2364:. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders.
1996:. Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill Medical.
1756:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
1750:, Cerezo E, Roustan G (April 2015).
1535:"The creation of global dermatology"
1498:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1334:King LS (1954). "What Is Disease?".
1077:: associated with a particular nerve
737:: Dry or greasy laminated masses of
160:
105:that encloses the body and includes
3947:Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis
3828:Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
3465:Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
2584:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
2099:. Informa Healthcare. p. 163.
1817:The New England Journal of Medicine
325:. The superficial papillary dermis
4928:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
3688:Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
3435:Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
2657:Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
1769:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.341
1700:Lever's Histopathology of the Skin
1067:: in places where sunlight reaches
25:
4829:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
3952:Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
3711:Granulomatous perioral dermatitis
1932:Fuchs E, Horsley V (April 2008).
1663:Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
1622:Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
138:conditions of the mucous membrane
4938:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
1430:Tilles G, Wallach D (1989). "".
584:Relative incidence of skin cysts
577:
563:
549:
535:
521:
507:
493:
476:
4948:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
4112:Traumatic anserine folliculosis
3823:Granulomatous facial dermatitis
2251:. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
1992:Wolff KD, Goldsmith LA (2008).
1676:10.1590/S0365-05962009000500010
1635:10.1590/s0365-05962009000400010
5189:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
4897:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
4523:Infantile digital fibromatosis
3129:Malalignment of the nail plate
2694:Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis
2652:Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis
1934:"More than one way to skin . "
1233:, an injury which damages the
882:: with finger-like projections
1:
4781:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
4618:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
3760:Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea
2903:substances taken internally:
2742:Nutritional deficiency eczema
2548:Pityriasis simplex capillitii
2419:"Description of Skin Lesions"
2417:Benedetti J (December 2021).
1471:10.1016/S0190-9622(81)70100-2
1008:: on the front of the fingers
556:Fissures, erosions and ulcers
402:Diseases of the skin include
142:chronic blistering conditions
5640:Obstetric labor complication
5257:Systemic lupus erythematosus
5012:Systemic lupus erythematosus
4703:Systemic lupus erythematosus
4015:Keratosis pilaris atropicans
3918:Folliculitis nares perforans
2701:Autosensitization dermatitis
2589:African blackwood dermatitis
1533:Copeman PW (February 1995).
1266:Miller JH, Marks JG (2006).
1111:(lasting less than 24 hours)
1014:: on the back of the fingers
1002:: one side mirrors the other
168:
4538:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
3785:Persistent edema of rosacea
2927:Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
2732:Juvenile plantar dermatosis
2336:(33rd ed.). Elsevier.
1854:. Oxford University Press.
1829:10.1056/NEJM199908123410706
5746:
5635:Complications of pregnancy
5360:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
4217:Postmiliarial hypohidrosis
4045:Menkes kinky hair syndrome
3460:Frontal fibrosing alopecia
3264:Staining of the nail plate
3124:Longitudinal erythronychia
3119:Lichen planus of the nails
2679:Topical steroid withdrawal
2634:Protein contact dermatitis
2249:Color atlas of dermatology
2186:Rose LC (September 1998).
2072:Practical dermatopathology
1409:. Williams & Wilkins.
659:
421:
394:
360:
310:
248:
190:
5699:
5681:Connective tissue disease
5666:
5653:
5630:
5602:
5584:
5571:
5553:
5530:
5517:
5504:
5476:
5458:
5440:
4102:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
3930:Pseudofolliculitis barbae
3224:Pterygium inversum unguis
2747:Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
2192:American Family Physician
1875:Fuchs E (February 2007).
1657:Werner B (October 2009).
1305:10.1007/s10495-009-0324-z
910:: coiled or spiral-shaped
898:: with a particular shape
57:
48:
5671:Musculoskeletal disorder
5594:Gastrointestinal disease
5125:Thrombocytopenic purpura
4771:Dermatitis herpetiformis
4756:Acute contact dermatitis
4708:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
4633:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
4603:Lichen simplex chronicus
4483:Epidermal inclusion cyst
4144:Uncombable hair syndrome
4128:Trichorrhexis invaginata
3942:Hidradenitis suppurativa
3800:Periorificial dermatitis
2779:Lichen simplex chronicus
1790:Burns T, Rook A (2006).
1616:Werner B (August 2009).
1057:: following the path of
965:Verrucous or Verruciform
668:For the hieroglyph, see
5390:Squamous-cell carcinoma
5385:Systemic histoplasmosis
4776:Porphyria cutanea tarda
4406:Squamous-cell carcinoma
4122:Trichomycosis axillaris
4055:Parakeratosis pustulosa
3572:Acne miliaris necrotica
3353:(male-pattern baldness)
3317:noncicatricial alopecia
3234:Purpura of the nail bed
2604:Abietic acid dermatitis
1938:Genes & Development
773:: A punctate or linear
640:: A vesicle is a small
397:List of skin conditions
159:, linear); morphology (
5612:Female genital disease
5589:Maxillofacial disorder
5558:Cardiovascular disease
5365:Cicatricial pemphigoid
5282:Acne keloidalis nuchae
5277:Folliculitis decalvans
4139:Trichostasis spinulosa
3833:Periorbital dermatitis
3750:Papulopustular rosacea
3668:Acne with facial edema
3658:Acne keloidalis nuchae
3445:Folliculitis decalvans
3440:Graham-Little syndrome
3189:Onychoptosis defluvium
2095:Grant-Kels JM (2007).
1492:Jackson R (May 1977).
1105:(a type of dermatitis)
979:Varicella zoster virus
892:: round or disc-shaped
570:A pustule on the cheek
442:
424:History of dermatology
187:Layer of skin involved
5535:Neurological disorder
5267:Loose anagen syndrome
5194:Necrobiosis lipoidica
5130:Actinic/solar purpura
4804:Insect bite reactions
4593:Seborrheic dermatitis
4416:Merkel-cell carcinoma
4396:Molluscum contagiosum
4309:Sebaceous hyperplasia
4224:Granulosis rubra nasi
4087:Pityriasis amiantacea
4040:Loose anagen syndrome
3980:Bubble hair deformity
3770:Gram-negative rosacea
3533:Nevoid hypertrichosis
3405:Pseudopelade of Brocq
3284:Twenty-nail dystrophy
3154:Nail–patella syndrome
3134:Median nail dystrophy
2815:Drug-induced pruritus
2540:Seborrheic dermatitis
2303:. Saunders Elsevier.
1850:Goldsmith LA (1983).
1336:Philosophy of Science
650:: A bulla is a large
5730:Cutaneous conditions
5676:Soft tissue disorder
5622:Male genital disease
5435:Major Disease groups
5090:Annulare centrifugum
4613:Glucagonoma syndrome
4411:Basal-cell carcinoma
4386:Seborrheic keratosis
4192:Miliaria crystalline
4133:Trichorrhexis nodosa
3400:cicatricial alopecia
3382:Alopecia neoplastica
3377:Trichorrhexis nodosa
3005:Yellow nail syndrome
2861:Cholestatic pruritus
2851:due to liver disease
2720:Molluscum dermatitis
2330:(23 December 2020).
2198:(4): 873–84, 887–8.
2044:. St. Louis: Mosby.
1369:Bluefarb SM (1984).
1049:Periungual/subungual
946:: with a wavy border
670:Pustule (hieroglyph)
391:Diseases of the skin
193:Integumentary system
99:integumentary system
5704:Congenital disorder
5645:Postpartum disorder
5576:Respiratory disease
5509:Hematologic disease
5335:Aphthous stomatitis
5272:Lichen planopilaris
5247:Androgenic alopecia
5053:Fixed drug eruption
4628:Pemphigus foliaceus
4528:Granular cell tumor
4291:Fox–Fordyce disease
4076:Pili pseudoannulati
4030:Lichen planopilaris
4005:Hair follicle nevus
3923:Tufted folliculitis
3706:Perioral dermatitis
3455:Triangular alopecia
3372:Lichen planopilaris
3351:Androgenic alopecia
3254:Splinter hemorrhage
3249:Shell nail syndrome
3094:Half and half nails
2917:Nummular dermatitis
2910:Fixed drug reaction
2727:Circumostomy eczema
2525:Prurigo gestationis
2164:10.1038/jid.1993.33
1950:10.1101/gad.1645908
1901:10.1038/nature05659
1893:2007Natur.445..834F
1794:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1083:Other related terms
430:Geronimo Mercuriali
377:panniculus carnosus
373:panniculus adiposus
363:Subcutaneous tissue
357:Subcutaneous tissue
329:with the overlying
257:squamous epithelium
215:pilosebaceous units
207:subcutaneous tissue
91:cutaneous condition
44:Cutaneous condition
5491:Metabolic disorder
5355:Pemphigus vulgaris
5184:Granuloma annulare
5048:Carcinoid syndrome
4933:Tuberous sclerosis
4892:Coccidioidomycosis
4766:Bullous pemphigoid
4761:Pemphigus vulgaris
4693:Secondary syphilis
4583:Contact dermatitis
4212:Occlusion miliaria
4202:Miliaria pustulosa
4092:Plica neuropathica
3790:Rosacea conglobata
3601:Acne medicamentosa
3420:Traumatic alopecia
3274:Subungual hematoma
2873:Prurigo pigmentosa
2832:Aquagenic pruritus
2624:Contact stomatitis
2563:Contact dermatitis
2421:. The Merck Manual
2074:. Elsevier Mosby.
2070:Rapini RP (2005).
1135:Horn (a cell type)
940:: resembling a net
904:: resembling drops
542:Vesicles and bulla
443:De morbis cutaneis
273:stratum granulosum
5717:
5716:
5563:Lymphatic disease
5481:Endocrine disease
5450:Parasitic disease
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5242:Telogen effluvium
5206:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5104:
5103:
4956:
4955:
4824:Lichen spinulosus
4819:Keratosis pilaris
4698:Mycosis fungoides
4598:Stasis dermatitis
4588:Atopic dermatitis
4551:
4550:
4426:Trichoepithelioma
4401:Actinic keratosis
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4197:Miliaria profunda
4157:
4156:
4149:Woolly hair nevus
4035:Lichen spinulosus
3873:Trichilemmal cyst
3846:
3845:
3765:Glandular rosacea
3718:Phymatous rosacea
3648:Occupational acne
3430:Hot comb alopecia
3415:Pressure alopecia
3392:Alopecia mucinosa
3367:Traction alopecia
3362:Telogen effluvium
2935:
2934:
2846:Adult blaschkitis
2783:Prurigo nodularis
2674:Eyelid dermatitis
2614:Airbag dermatitis
2517:Atopic dermatitis
2474:
2473:
2343:978-0-323-66148-5
2247:Callen J (2000).
2106:978-0-8493-3794-9
2051:978-1-4160-2999-1
2003:978-0-07-146690-5
1887:(7130): 834–842.
1733:978-0-7020-3941-6
1709:978-0-7817-7363-8
1665:(in Portuguese).
1624:(in Portuguese).
1504:(10): 1165–1168.
1405:Lynch PJ (1994).
1193:Hydropic swelling
838:phymatous rosacea
729:Secondary lesions
514:Papule and plaque
225:, and associated
97:that affects the
95:medical condition
83:
82:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5737:
5607:Urologic disease
5429:
5422:
5415:
5406:
5340:Oral candidiasis
5217:
5115:
5043:Erythema nodosum
4987:
4976:
4969:
4913:Tinea versicolor
4751:Bullous impetigo
4688:Pityriasis rosea
4623:Lichen sclerosus
4608:Darier's disease
4573:
4562:
4518:Kaposi's sarcoma
4364:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4325:
4170:
4107:Setleis syndrome
4071:Pili multigemini
3805:Pyoderma faciale
3550:
3387:Anagen effluvium
3299:
3229:Pterygium unguis
3149:Muehrcke's lines
3036:Onychotillomania
2962:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2883:Puncta pruritica
2856:Biliary pruritus
2501:
2494:
2487:
2478:
2443:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2398:Basicmedical Key
2389:
2376:
2375:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2296:
2263:
2262:
2244:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2157:(1): 111S–115S.
2142:
2136:
2135:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1989:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1588:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1402:
1389:
1388:
1376:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1263:
1065:Photodistributed
1059:Blaschko's lines
779:papillary dermis
673:
666:
581:
567:
553:
539:
525:
511:
500:Macule and patch
497:
480:
445:
395:For a list, see
343:ground substance
323:reticular dermis
319:papillary dermis
297:Langerhans cells
277:stratum spinosum
251:Epidermis (skin)
89:, also known as
53:
33:
21:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5695:
5662:
5649:
5626:
5598:
5580:
5567:
5549:
5526:
5522:Mental disorder
5513:
5500:
5496:Immune disorder
5472:
5454:
5436:
5433:
5403:
5394:
5326:
5319:
5286:
5252:Alopecia areata
5230:
5212:
5198:
5155:
5134:
5110:
5100:
5057:
5016:
5002:Viral exanthems
4980:
4964:
4962:
4952:
4923:Pityriasis alba
4901:
4843:
4785:
4722:
4642:
4638:Zinc deficiency
4568:
4566:
4547:
4475:
4466:
4430:
4421:Nevus sebaceous
4355:
4352:
4322:
4313:
4295:
4267:
4164:
4153:
4126:Trichorrhexis (
3958:
3899:
3868:Epidermoid cyst
3842:
3811:
3775:Steroid rosacea
3692:
3653:Acne aestivalis
3591:Excoriated acne
3567:Acne conglobata
3544:
3537:
3469:
3306:
3288:
3259:Spotted lunulae
3219:Psoriatic nails
3174:Onychomatricoma
2987:Onychogryphosis
2972:
2970:skin appendages
2966:
2936:
2931:
2922:Pityriasis alba
2892:
2888:Uremic pruritus
2878:Prurigo simplex
2827:Senile pruritus
2803:Pruritus vulvae
2798:Pruritus scroti
2769:
2756:
2737:Nummular eczema
2638:
2619:Baboon syndrome
2565:
2557:
2534:
2511:
2505:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2454:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2379:
2372:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2266:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1975:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1777:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1568:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1265:
1264:
1249:
1244:
1227:
1222:
1163:Hypergranulosis
1148:
1143:
1085:
1080:
975:
970:
958:: resembling a
846:
755:Lichenification
731:
674:
667:
660:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
582:
573:
572:
571:
568:
559:
558:
557:
554:
545:
544:
543:
540:
531:
530:
529:
526:
517:
516:
515:
512:
503:
502:
501:
498:
489:
488:
487:
481:
470:
468:Primary lesions
465:
456:
426:
420:
404:skin infections
400:
393:
365:
359:
351:apocrine glands
315:
309:
269:stratum lucidum
265:stratum corneum
253:
247:
223:sebaceous gland
195:
189:
140:), morphology (
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5743:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5722:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5617:Breast disease
5614:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5409:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5375:Coxsackievirus
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5092:
5087:
5085:Gyratum repens
5082:
5077:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5007:Toxic erythema
5004:
4999:
4997:Drug eruptions
4993:
4991:
4984:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4834:Lichen nitidus
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4736:Herpes simplex
4732:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4570:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4229:Ross' syndrome
4226:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4207:Miliaria rubra
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:Colloid milium
4178:
4176:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4066:Pili bifurcati
4063:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4025:Koenen's tumor
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3975:Acroosteolysis
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3879:Steatocystoma
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3862:Sebaceous cyst
3857:
3855:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3838:SAPHO syndrome
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3780:Ocular rosacea
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:Lupoid rosacea
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Acne necrotica
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Acne mechanica
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3643:Acne cosmetica
3640:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3608:
3598:
3596:Acne fulminans
3593:
3588:
3582:Infantile acne
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3475:Hypertrichosis
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Tumor alopecia
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3312:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Stippled nails
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:Plummer's nail
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:Prion pruritus
2865:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2808:Scalp pruritus
2805:
2800:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2752:Xerotic eczema
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:Classification
2439:
2438:External links
2436:
2433:
2432:
2409:
2377:
2370:
2349:
2342:
2316:
2309:
2264:
2257:
2216:
2178:
2137:
2130:
2112:
2105:
2087:
2080:
2057:
2050:
2032:
2019:"Skin Anatomy"
2009:
2002:
1973:
1944:(8): 976–985.
1924:
1867:
1860:
1842:
1823:(7): 491–497.
1807:
1800:
1775:
1762:(4): S82–S83.
1739:
1732:
1715:
1708:
1690:
1669:(5): 507–513.
1649:
1628:(4): 391–395.
1608:
1601:
1566:
1525:
1484:
1465:(4): 373–395.
1449:
1422:
1415:
1390:
1383:
1361:
1348:10.1086/287343
1342:(3): 193–203.
1326:
1299:(4): 549–569.
1283:
1276:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Papillomatosis
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Hyperkeratosis
1149:
1147:
1146:Histopathology
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1023:
1019:Intertriginous
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
974:
971:
969:
968:
962:
953:
947:
941:
931:
925:
920:
911:
905:
899:
893:
883:
877:
867:
857:
850:
845:
842:
841:
840:
825:
819:
811:
804:
798:
790:
782:
768:
758:
752:
742:
730:
727:
726:
725:
719:
715:Telangiectasia
711:
703:
689:
681:
656:
655:
645:
635:
626:
618:
610:
602:
596:
583:
576:
575:
574:
569:
562:
561:
560:
555:
548:
547:
546:
541:
534:
533:
532:
527:
520:
519:
518:
513:
506:
505:
504:
499:
492:
491:
490:
482:
475:
474:
473:
472:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
455:
452:
419:
416:
408:skin neoplasms
392:
389:
361:Main article:
358:
355:
339:elastic fibers
327:interdigitates
311:Main article:
308:
305:
281:stratum basale
249:Main article:
246:
243:
191:Main article:
188:
185:
148:), and so on.
113:, and related
87:skin condition
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
36:Skin condition
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5742:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5710:
5709:Fetal disease
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Lichen planus
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Onychomycosis
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5262:Tinea capitis
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5211:Miscellaneous
5209:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5109:Nonblanchable
5107:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4959:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:Hypopigmented
4904:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4857:Acne vulgaris
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4809:Lichen planus
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:Herpes zoster
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:Parapsoriasis
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Chromhidrosis
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4234:Hyperhidrosis
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Pili annulati
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Blepharophyma
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Neonatal acne
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Tropical acne
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Acne vulgaris
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Hypotrichosis
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Terry's nails
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Onychoschizia
3197:
3195:
3194:Onychorrhexis
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Onychomycosis
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Onychomadesis
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Onychoatrophy
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:Nail clubbing
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:Disorders of
2963:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Dermatophytid
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Breast eczema
2662:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Metal allergy
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:Tulip fingers
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2530:Sweat allergy
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2371:0-7216-0187-1
2367:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2310:0-7216-2921-0
2306:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2258:0-7216-8256-1
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2131:0-19-505612-4
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2081:0-323-01198-5
2077:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1861:0-19-261253-0
1857:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1801:1-4051-3130-6
1797:
1793:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1602:0-07-144019-4
1598:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:(in French).
1433:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1416:0-683-05252-7
1412:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:0-89501-004-6
1380:
1377:. Upjohn Co.
1375:
1374:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1277:1-4160-3185-5
1273:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Vacuolization
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Parakeratosis
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:Periorificial
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:: resembling
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
988:
987:herpes zoster
984:
980:
972:
966:
963:
961:
957:
954:
952:: star-shaped
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:: resembling
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
871:
868:
866:: ring-shaped
865:
861:
858:
856:: in clusters
855:
852:
851:
849:
844:Configuration
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
787:
783:
780:
776:
772:
769:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
732:
728:
723:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
697:
693:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
675:
671:
664:
658:
653:
649:
646:
643:
639:
636:
633:
631:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
590:
580:
566:
552:
538:
524:
510:
496:
485:
479:
467:
462:
460:
453:
451:
449:
444:
439:
435:
431:
425:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
398:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:keratinocytes
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:with several
258:
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
231:In the embryo
228:
227:arrector pili
224:
220:
219:hair follicle
216:
212:
211:glabrous skin
208:
204:
200:
194:
186:
184:
182:
178:
175:which yields
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:racquet nails
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
5691:Chondropathy
5686:Bone disease
5658:Skin disease
5486:Malnutrition
5463:Benign tumor
5315:Ingrown nail
4887:Dermatophyte
4882:Gonococcemia
4867:Folliculitis
4508:Neurofibroma
4476:subcutaneous
4256:Hypohidrosis
4249:Palmoplantar
4117:Trichomegaly
4020:Kinking hair
3937:Hidradenitis
3913:Folliculitis
3905:Inflammation
3794:
3611:Halogen acne
3605:steroid acne
3451:
3398:
3315:
3239:Racquet nail
3209:Pincer nails
3184:Onychophosis
3144:Melanonychia
3114:Ingrown nail
3104:Hapalonychia
3079:Chevron nail
3049:Ingrown nail
3041:Onychophagia
3015:Azure lunula
3000:Beau's lines
2850:
2793:Pruritus ani
2790:by location:
2789:
2600:
2580:
2458:
2423:. Retrieved
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:
2361:
2332:
2300:
2248:
2207:. Retrieved
2195:
2191:
2181:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2121:
2115:
2096:
2090:
2071:
2041:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2012:
1993:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1851:
1845:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1791:
1759:
1755:
1742:
1723:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1592:
1545:(2): 78–84.
1542:
1538:
1528:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1406:
1372:
1364:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1270:. Saunders.
1267:
1183:Acantholysis
1178:Dyskeratosis
1139:Poikiloderma
1074:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1037:Palmoplantar
1036:
1027:Morbilliform
1025:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
994:
976:
973:Distribution
964:
955:
949:
943:
937:
933:
927:
922:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
885:
879:
876:: arc-shaped
873:
869:
863:
859:
853:
847:
827:
822:Umbilication
821:
813:
806:
800:
792:
784:
770:
760:
754:
744:
734:
721:
713:
705:
691:
683:
677:
657:
647:
637:
628:
620:
612:
604:
598:
592:
457:
440:, completed
427:
401:
366:
316:
301:Merkel cells
254:
196:
150:
126:melanonychia
123:
103:organ system
90:
86:
84:
5545:Ear disease
5540:Eye disease
5370:Herpesvirus
5350:Leukoplakia
5175:Scleroderma
5062:Specialized
4990:Generalized
4965:involvement
4877:Candidiasis
4569:involvement
4543:Myxoid cyst
4391:Acrochordon
4239:Generalized
4050:Monilethrix
3851:Follicular
3733:Gnathophyma
3673:Pomade acne
3528:Prepubertal
3511:generalised
3507:Congenital
3496:generalised
3337:universalis
3244:Red lunulae
3204:Platonychia
3164:Onycholysis
3139:Mees' lines
3089:Green nails
3060:ungrouped:
3023:Koilonychia
3010:Leukonychia
2985:thickness:
2705:Id reaction
2689:Dyshidrosis
2684:Hand eczema
2609:Diaper rash
2042:Dermatology
1438:(1): 9–26.
1407:Dermatology
1373:Dermatology
1218:Lentiginous
1071:Zosteriform
1061:in the skin
995:Generalized
983:chicken pox
967:: wart-like
944:Serpiginous
938:reticulated
928:Mammillated
914:Herpetiform
771:Excoriation
448:dermatology
412:skin cancer
410:(including
331:rete ridges
293:melanocytes
173:skin biopsy
134:nosological
69:Dermatology
41:Other names
5310:Paronychia
5151:Vasculitis
5075:Multiforme
5073:Erythema (
5028:Cellulitis
4979:Blanchable
4728:Blistering
4718:Ichthyosis
4576:Eczematous
4488:Hemangioma
4261:Anhidrosis
4081:Pili torti
4000:Hair casts
3723:Rhinophyma
3621:Bromoderma
3452:ungrouped:
3062:Paronychia
3034:behavior:
2992:Onychauxis
2905:Bromoderma
2669:Ear eczema
2553:Cradle cap
2510:and eczema
2508:Dermatitis
2403:2019-07-01
2021:. Medscape
1748:Alfageme F
1242:References
1213:Ulceration
1198:Exocytosis
1188:Spongiosis
1168:Acanthosis
1109:Evanescent
1089:Collarette
1075:dermatomal
1055:Blaschkoid
815:Maceration
801:Induration
696:evanescent
422:See also:
181:ultrasound
177:histologic
144:), cause (
5445:Infection
5305:Psoriasis
5213:disorders
5168:Indurated
5069:Urticaria
5021:Localized
4963:epidermal
4746:Varicella
4656:Psoriasis
4567:epidermal
4533:Leiomyoma
4435:Pigmented
4368:Epidermal
4301:Sebaceous
4281:Body odor
4244:Gustatory
3963:Ungrouped
3888:multiplex
3816:Ungrouped
3738:Metophyma
3683:Blackhead
3626:Chloracne
3616:Iododerma
3543:Acneiform
3516:localised
3501:patterned
3491:localised
3487:Acquired
3483:Hirsutism
3303:Hair loss
3109:Hook nail
3054:Anonychia
2837:Aquadynia
1356:120875348
1293:Apoptosis
1235:epidermis
1132:(redness)
1115:Granuloma
1098:Confluent
1000:Symmetric
956:Targetoid
934:Reticular
864:circinate
765:epidermis
700:injection
454:Diagnoses
428:In 1572,
381:adipocyte
285:diffusion
245:Epidermis
199:epidermis
93:, is any
64:Specialty
5724:Category
5380:Syphilis
5327:membrane
4982:Erythema
4918:Vitiligo
4872:Impetigo
4849:Pustular
4814:Miliaria
4662:Corporis
4513:Xanthoma
4462:Melanoma
4442:Freckles
4273:Apocrine
4182:Miliaria
4097:Poliosis
3795:variants
3743:Otophyma
3638:Tar acne
3633:Oil acne
3545:eruption
3521:X-linked
3342:Ophiasis
3322:Alopecia
3308:Baldness
3099:Hangnail
2762:Pruritus
2710:Candidid
2572:irritant
2568:allergic
2328:Elsevier
1968:18413712
1919:17314969
1837:10441606
1685:20098854
1644:19851671
1321:13058619
1313:19221876
1225:See also
1130:Erythema
1012:Extensor
1006:Flexural
960:bullseye
950:Stellate
896:Figurate
890:nummular
880:Digitate
870:Arciform
854:Agminate
834:tubercle
775:abrasion
747:: Dried
335:collagen
321:and the
239:mesoderm
235:ectoderm
229:muscle.
169:vesicles
153:pruritus
5179:morphea
5139:Papular
5118:Macular
5111:Purpura
5095:Ab igne
5080:Migrans
5033:Abscess
4961:Without
4943:Leprosy
4862:Rosacea
4799:Scabies
4791:Papular
4660:Tinea (
4648:Scaling
4452:Melasma
4447:Lentigo
4360:Growths
4174:Eccrine
3883:simplex
3698:Rosacea
3603:(e.g.,
3332:totalis
3072:Chronic
3047:other:
3021:shape:
2998:color:
2771:Prurigo
2581:plants:
2465:D012871
2204:9767724
2173:8423379
1959:2732395
1910:2405926
1889:Bibcode
1561:7769599
1552:1295100
1511:1879511
1479:7026622
1444:2653160
1208:Erosion
1125:Purpura
1032:measles
902:Guttate
886:Discoid
874:arcuate
860:Annular
807:Atrophy
794:Fissure
761:Erosion
739:keratin
678:Pustule
652:blister
642:blister
638:Vesicle
528:Nodules
484:Chigger
463:Lesions
418:History
385:lobular
347:eccrine
217:have a
165:papules
161:macules
157:annular
18:Bullous
5468:Cancer
5325:Mucous
5221:Ulcers
4682:Faciei
4677:Manuum
4667:Cruris
4557:Rashes
4503:Lipoma
4498:Keloid
4472:Dermal
4381:Callus
4165:glands
4059:Pili (
3327:areata
2644:Eczema
2601:other:
2425:3 June
2368:
2340:
2307:
2255:
2209:3 June
2202:
2171:
2128:
2103:
2078:
2048:
2025:3 June
2000:
1966:
1956:
1917:
1907:
1881:Nature
1858:
1835:
1798:
1730:
1706:
1683:
1642:
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1549:
1520:324589
1518:
1508:
1477:
1442:
1413:
1381:
1354:
1319:
1311:
1274:
1120:Livedo
1103:Eczema
1093:Comedo
923:Linear
918:herpes
908:Gyrate
722:Burrow
622:Nodule
614:Plaque
606:Papule
593:Macule
369:fascia
341:, and
313:Dermis
307:Dermis
299:, and
279:, and
263:: the
261:strata
205:, and
203:dermis
119:glands
115:muscle
75:Causes
4672:Pedis
4457:Nevus
4163:Sweat
3895:Milia
3853:cysts
3067:Acute
2897:Other
1352:S2CID
1317:S2CID
1231:Wound
985:) as
829:Phyma
810:skin.
786:Ulcer
749:sebum
745:Crust
735:Scale
707:Welts
692:Wheal
648:Bulla
630:Tumor
599:Patch
438:Italy
434:Forlì
111:nails
101:—the
5292:Nail
5235:Hair
5038:Boil
4565:With
4376:Wart
3554:Acne
3294:Hair
2978:Nail
2766:Itch
2460:MeSH
2427:2013
2366:ISBN
2338:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2211:2013
2200:PMID
2169:PMID
2126:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2027:2013
1998:ISBN
1964:PMID
1915:PMID
1856:ISBN
1833:PMID
1796:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1681:PMID
1640:PMID
1597:ISBN
1557:PMID
1516:PMID
1475:PMID
1440:PMID
1411:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1309:PMID
1272:ISBN
832:: A
685:Cyst
663:Boil
406:and
349:and
128:and
117:and
107:skin
4972:Red
4474:and
2159:doi
2155:100
1954:PMC
1946:doi
1905:PMC
1897:doi
1885:445
1825:doi
1821:341
1764:doi
1671:doi
1630:doi
1547:PMC
1506:PMC
1502:116
1467:doi
1436:116
1344:doi
1301:doi
1073:or
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888:or
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862:or
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