262:
380:. According to the Business Roundtable letter, a survey of chief financial officers and corporate treasurers "underscores the urgent need for the end-user provisions" in this bill because "eighty-six percent of respondents indicated the fully collateralizing over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives would adversely impact business investment, acquisitions, research and development, and job creation." The letter concluded that the Business Roundtable "supports efforts to increase transparency in the derivatives markets and enhance financial stability for the U.S. economy through thoughtful new regulation while avoiding needless costs."
440:," a concept that had existed in the group's principles since 1997, and move to "include commitment to all stakeholders." It notes that "businesses play a vital role in the economy" because of jobs, fostering innovation and providing essential services. But it places shareholder interests on the same level as those of customers, employees, suppliers and communities. "Each of our stakeholders is essential," the statement says. "We commit to deliver value to all of them, for the future success of our companies, our communities and our country."
289:. But the Roundtable's most significant victory was in blocking labor law reform that sought to strengthen labor law to make it more difficult for companies to intimidate workers who wanted to form unions. The AFL-CIO produced a bill in 1977 that passed the House. But the Roundtable voted to oppose the bill, and through its aggressive lobbying, it prevented the bill's Senate supporters from rounding up the 60 votes in the Senate necessary to withstand a
477:, an Amazon subsidiary, announced the intention to cut medical benefits for its entire part-time workforce; Mary Barra, despite GM's hefty profits and large tax breaks, rejected worker's demands that GM raise their wages and stop outsourcing their jobs; and Muilenburg, who, as Reich predicted, would depart
367:
In April of 2024, the
Business Roundtable filed suit against the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) after the FTC issued a ban on noncompete agreements which the FTC cited as "widespread and often exploitative practice imposing contractual conditions that prevent workers from taking a new job or starting
359:
In June 2018, Business
Roundtable issued a statement urging the White House “Administration to end immediately the policy of separating accompanied minors from their parents,” and condemned the practice as “cruel and contrary to American values.” Authored by the organization's Immigration Committee
328:
CEO Robert C. Winters, cheered
President Bush's plan, which consisted mainly of subsidies to the health care industry. The nation's health care system works well for the majority of Americans, the Roundtable announced in a June 1991 statement. "We believe the solutions lie not in tearing down the
194:
who met informally to consider public policy issues; the
Construction Users Anti-Inflation Roundtable was devoted to containing construction costs; and the Labor Law Study Committee was largely made up of labor relations executives of major companies. Harper was the newly founded group's first
492:, in September 2020, addressed the BRT in correspondence. The "withering, 11-page letter to past and present leaders of the Business Roundtable (BRT)" states that the BRT violates its August 2019 pledge to prioritize stakeholder value, calling the mandate an "empty gesture".
348:
adopted the so-called "shareholders’ access to proxy" rule, which aimed to empower shareholders in the proposition and nomination of administrators of big corporations. The
Business Roundtable was strongly against that rule, as its president John Castellani reported to
323:
CEO, John Reed, chairperson of the
Roundtables Accounting Task Force, argued that Clinton's plan would have had negative effects on U.S. competitiveness. The Roundtable's Health, Welfare, and Retirement Income Task Force, chaired by
377:
454:. He no longer appeared on the BRT membership roster in 2021. In July 2021, prior to stepping down as CEO, Bezos nonetheless added "Strive to be Earth’s Best Employer" to Amazon's set of leadership principles.
355:
about removing this rule: "this is our highest priority
Literally all of our members have called about this". And they got the upper hand: the SEC rule was finally dropped after intense lobbying and lawsuits.
336:
of 2001 was signed into law in
January 2002, the Roundtable issued a press release stating that it had "strongly supported passage of the legislation" and was "actively working with states on implementation."
391:, in 2021, the BRT lobbied House and Senate Democrats "against raising taxes on corporations, high-income earners and small businesses" to finance the Build Back Better initiative proposed by
1759:
1749:
1779:
300:, lobbying successfully for sharp reductions in corporate taxes. In trade policy, it argued for opening foreign markets to American trade and investment. In 1990, the Roundtable urged
1754:
1628:
364:, the statement also commended bipartisan lawmakers for working together to reform immigration policies, and was widely supported by the Business Roundtable chair and membership.
315:
that would have made boards of directors and CEOs more accountable to stockholders. In 1986, the
Roundtable convinced the Securities and Exchange Commission to forgo new rules on
1483:
1656:
503:
found that the 2019 "Statement on the
Purpose of a Corporation" represented no meaningful commitment by the BRT membership, citing the pledge made as "mostly for show".
1509:
1769:
261:
1163:
1707:
835:
109:
that is favorable to business interests, such as lowering corporate taxes in the U.S. and internationally, as well as international trade policy like the
1774:
1764:
120:, putting the interests of employees, customers, suppliers, and communities on par with shareholders. The BRT's board members include, as of 2024, chair
1789:
345:
1061:
862:
388:
1682:
1587:
1313:
via ParentAdvocates.org, under headline, "The Business Roundtable Supports the No Child Left Behind Legislation". Retrieved August 21, 2019.
286:
110:
1409:
1535:
458:
332:
It has issued press releases, submitted editorials, given congressional testimony, and distributed position advertisements. After the
989:
1286:
1177:
1097:
810:
102:
1432:
930:
Jenkins, C., & Eckert, C. M. (2000). "The right turn in economic policy: Business elites and the new conservative economic".
1561:
1784:
466:
308:
and against any strong side agreements on labor and the environment. The Roundtable also supported the new NAFTA deal in 2019.
403:
On August 19, 2019, the Business Roundtable released a new "Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation." Signed by nearly 200
42:
1201:
1338:
1322:
1110:
784:
238:
319:, and in 1993 convinced President Clinton to water down his plan to impose penalties on excessive executive salaries.
898:
722:
531:
282:
129:
1360:
469:, and the Business Roundtable's commitment to it, of being a "con". Citing BRT members Jeff Bezos, Mary Barra and
482:
1234:
384:
333:
316:
94:
1484:"Business Roundtable Redefines the Purpose of a Corporation to Promote 'An Economy That Serves All Americans'"
1138:
245:
theory was widely adopted in 20th century North American boardrooms. The BRT statement, signed by nearly 200
1260:
695:
621:
590:
404:
250:
246:
191:
1310:
711:
657:
117:
83:
50:
1022:
726:
785:"Column: Last year CEOs pledged to serve stakeholders, not shareholders. You were right not to buy it"
1683:"America's top CEOs didn't live up to their promises in Business Roundtable letter, researchers find"
500:
325:
312:
296:
In fiscal policy, the Roundtable was responsible for broadening the 1985 tax cuts signed into law by
1339:"'This Is a Fundamental Issue:' Why Cisco CEO Chuck Robbins Challenged Trump on Border Separations"
690:
681:
437:
392:
351:
180:
1657:"The Finance 202: Elizabeth Warren charges CEOs with fixating on profits despite do-gooder pledge"
344:
that aims to extend or maintain administrators' rights/power in large companies. For example, the
1169:
496:
430:
1510:"The CEOs of nearly 200 companies just said shareholder value is no longer their main objective"
1382:
1209:
1173:
1093:
1057:
1027:
997:
906:
872:
470:
450:
301:
242:
116:
In 2019, the BRT redefined its definition of the purpose of a corporation as participating in
38:
1087:
1051:
105:, whose members are entire businesses, BRT members are exclusively CEOs. The BRT lobbies for
1562:"Jeff Bezos becomes the first CEO to break his pledge to dump the 'shareholder value' model"
1457:
735:
705:
699:
554:
489:
408:
266:
172:
90:
46:
1076:
1115:
740:
630:
617:
567:
545:
234:
229:
interests must be placed above all else, as defined in 1970 by conservative economist and
585:
1708:"Business Roundtable Announces 2024 Board of Directors and Committee Policy Leadership"
948:
867:
836:"Business Roundtable Announces 2024 Board of Directors and Committee Policy Leadership"
731:
677:
663:
648:
635:
599:
576:
540:
422:
196:
156:
140:
964:
376:
The Business Roundtable wrote a letter to members of the House strongly endorsing the
1743:
763:
668:
536:
527:
517:
361:
297:
221:
On August 19, 2019, the BRT redefined its decades-old definition of the purpose of a
176:
132:
121:
106:
98:
304:
to initiate a free trade agreement with Mexico. In 1993, the Roundtable lobbied for
249:
from major U.S. corporations in 2019, makes a "fundamental commitment to all of our
1613:
462:
215:
184:
448:
In September 2019, Bezos was cited as the "first CEO to break his pledge" by the
757:
686:
626:
612:
572:
474:
278:
230:
226:
222:
152:
187:, and the Labor Law Study Group (LLSG) merged to form the Business Roundtable.
653:
644:
603:
433:
426:
411:
290:
274:
136:
1536:"Move Over, Shareholders: Top CEOs Say Companies Have Obligations to Society"
1213:
1001:
910:
876:
608:
594:
581:
415:
148:
1629:"Boeing's ousted CEO departs with $ 62 million, even without severance pay"
563:
418:
341:
320:
237:
and promoted during the 1980s in the teachings and writings of economist
144:
86:
1410:"BRT Letter to House on the Customer Protection and End-User Relief Act"
1633:
1261:"North American Free Trade Agreement | September 22, 1992 | C-SPAN.org"
945:
White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement
717:
672:
639:
549:
378:
Customer Protection and End User Relief Act (H.R. 4413; 113th Congress)
179:, the Construction Users Anti-Inflation Roundtable, founded by retired
1165:
Creating Shareholder Value: The New Standard for Business Performance
478:
200:
61:
481:
with $ 62 million in compensation and pension benefits, despite the
253:," including customers, employees, suppliers and local communities.
1091:
by Robert A. G. Monks and Nell Minow; HarperBusiness; 1991, pg. 49.
861:
Greenhouse, Linda; Times, Special To the New York (March 7, 1991).
511:
As of 2024, corporate CEO members of BRT's board of directors are:
863:"WASHINGTON TALK; Perils to Conservatives In a Conservative Court"
744:
521:
305:
260:
204:
168:
125:
1732:
1433:"Why big business is trying to sink Biden's $ 3.5T spending plan"
1383:"Business groups sue to block FTC's ban on noncompete agreements"
473:, Reich criticized their respective companies' recent decisions:
457:
Former U.S. secretary of labor and professor of public policy at
558:
1111:"Business leaders say Obama's economic policies stifle growth"
1458:"Our Commitment - Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation"
1202:"Shareholder Value Is No Longer Everything, Top C.E.O.s Say"
1053:
Suiting Themselves: How Corporations Drive the Global Agenda
1023:"Retired Alcoa Board Chairman John D. Harper Dies at Age 75"
990:"JOHN D. HARPER, 91, SERVED AS CHAIRMAN OF ALCOA UNTIL 1975"
1588:"Amazon sets a new tone as Jeff Bezos era comes to an end"
273:
The Business Roundtable played a key role in defeating an
1627:
Shepardson, David; Rucinski, Tracy (January 10, 2020).
1200:
Yaffe-Bellany, David; Gelles, David (August 19, 2019).
1139:"America's CEOs Seek a New Purpose for the Corporation"
311:
The Roundtable also successfully opposed changes in
167:
On October 13, 1972, the March Group, co-founded by
1287:"Business CEOs throw support behind new NAFTA deal"
811:"Business CEOs throw support behind new NAFTA deal"
56:
34:
26:
1760:Business organizations based in the United States
1733:Business Roundtable, Official website, Leadership
1750:Lobbying organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1235:"About the Business Roundtable's Mission Change"
1780:Conservative organizations in the United States
269:addressing the Business Roundtable in June 2017
1755:Political advocacy groups in the United States
1361:"Business Roundtable Statement on Immigration"
340:The Business Roundtable also acts as a major
218:'s "closest ally in the business community."
8:
1403:
1401:
1399:
21:
959:
957:
329:present system, but in building upon it."
285:agency in 1977. It also helped dilute the
20:
1077:Businessrountable.org "Archived Content"
195:president, followed by Thomas Murphy of
1770:1972 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1560:Hiltzik, Michael (September 16, 2019).
775:
346:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
225:, replacing its bedrock principle that
1508:Fitzgerald, Maggie (August 19, 2019).
1408:Cutler, Alexander M. (June 16, 2014).
897:Cowan, Alison Leigh (March 26, 1993).
1285:Gangitano, Alex (December 11, 2019).
809:Gangitano, Alex (December 11, 2019).
436:, the group seeks to "move away from
389:National Association of Manufacturers
214:characterized the group as President
7:
1655:Newmyer, Tory (September 18, 2020).
783:Hiltzik, Michael (August 19, 2021).
287:Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act
111:North American Free Trade Agreement
1109:Montgomery, Lori (June 23, 2010).
14:
1775:501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
1765:Organizations established in 1972
1611:The biggest business con of 2019
1534:Benoit, David (August 19, 2019).
899:"Methods in Stock Option Madness"
103:United States Chamber of Commerce
1790:Corporate executive associations
1681:Colvin, Geoff (August 5, 2021).
1359:Robbins, Chuck (June 19, 2019).
1137:Murray, Alan (August 19, 2019).
467:corporate social responsibility
1586:Palmer, Annie (July 1, 2021).
1381:Peck, Emily (April 24, 2024).
1337:Murray, Alan (June 20, 2019).
16:American nonprofit association
1:
1311:"ISSUE: No Child Left Behind"
265:27th U.S. Secretary of Labor
190:The March Group consisted of
1239:Reversing Runaway Inequality
171:chairman John D. Harper and
1806:
1488:www.businessroundtable.org
532:White House Chief of Staff
203:, then Clifford Garvin of
130:White House Chief of Staff
483:Boeing 737 MAX groundings
1089:Power and Accountability
943:Lichtman, A. J. (2008).
405:chief executive officers
385:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
334:No Child Left Behind Act
247:chief executive officers
192:chief executive officers
95:chief executive officers
712:Eli Lilly & Company
696:Christopher J. Nassetta
622:Progressive Corporation
399:2019 corporation pledge
317:merger and acquisitions
1785:Life sciences industry
1712:businessroundtable.org
1462:businessroundtable.org
1050:Beder, Sharon (2012).
949:Atlantic Monthly Press
840:businessroundtable.org
658:Tractor Supply Company
555:Thasunda Brown Duckett
526:BRT CEO and president
507:BRT board of directors
270:
118:stakeholder capitalism
101:companies. Unlike the
1464:. Business Roundtable
1412:. Business Roundtable
727:Vista Equity Partners
264:
89:association based in
51:Nonprofit association
1431:Bernstein, Leandra.
1172:. October 13, 1999.
682:Procter & Gamble
501:Corporate Governance
326:Prudential Insurance
313:corporate governance
199:, Irving Shapiro of
1661:The Washington Post
1540:Wall Street Journal
1324:The Washington Post
691:Rockwell Automation
459:Berkeley University
438:shareholder primacy
393:President Joe Biden
368:a new business."
352:The Washington Post
283:consumer protection
277:bill in 1975 and a
233:economics laureate
212:The Washington Post
181:United States Steel
76:Business Roundtable
64:.businessroundtable
23:
22:Business Roundtable
1714:. January 12, 2024
1206:The New York Times
1170:Simon and Schuster
994:The New York Times
932:Sociological Forum
903:The New York Times
842:. January 12, 2024
497:Harvard Law School
383:Together with the
271:
93:whose members are
1617:December 29, 2019
1566:Los Angeles Times
1241:. August 27, 2019
1063:978-1-84977-268-6
1028:Los Angeles Times
996:. July 28, 1985.
789:Los Angeles Times
716:Jennifer Rumsey,
471:Dennis Muilenburg
451:Los Angeles Times
243:shareholder value
72:
71:
43:Business lobbying
39:Trade association
1797:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1106:
1100:
1085:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
961:
952:
941:
935:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
780:
736:American Express
706:Johnson Controls
495:In August 2021,
490:Elizabeth Warren
267:Alexander Acosta
239:Alfred Rappaport
173:General Electric
91:Washington, D.C.
68:
65:
63:
47:Public relations
24:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1326:; May 13, 2010.
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1116:Washington Post
1108:
1107:
1103:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1031:. July 31, 1985
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
988:
987:
983:
973:
971:
963:
962:
955:
942:
938:
929:
925:
915:
913:
896:
895:
891:
881:
879:
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
793:
791:
782:
781:
777:
773:
754:
749:
741:Raj Subramaniam
723:Robert F. Smith
710:David A Ricks,
704:George Oliver,
631:United Airlines
618:Tricia Griffith
546:Brendan Bechtel
509:
465:, accused both
446:
401:
374:
259:
235:Milton Friedman
165:
60:
49:
45:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1699:
1673:
1647:
1619:
1604:
1578:
1552:
1526:
1500:
1475:
1449:
1423:
1395:
1373:
1351:
1329:
1315:
1303:
1277:
1265:www.c-span.org
1252:
1226:
1192:
1178:
1155:
1129:
1101:
1080:
1069:
1062:
1042:
1014:
981:
953:
936:
923:
889:
868:New York Times
853:
827:
801:
774:
772:
769:
768:
767:
761:
753:
750:
748:
747:
738:
732:Stephen Squeri
729:
720:
714:
708:
702:
693:
684:
678:Jon R. Moeller
675:
666:
664:Otis Worldwide
660:
651:
649:ConocoPhillips
642:
636:Ramon Laguarta
633:
624:
615:
606:
600:Adena Friedman
597:
588:
579:
577:JPMorgan Chase
570:
561:
552:
543:
541:General Motors
534:
524:
513:
508:
505:
499:'s Program on
445:
442:
423:General Motors
400:
397:
373:
370:
258:
255:
197:General Motors
164:
161:
157:JPMorgan Chase
141:General Motors
128:(CEO); former
70:
69:
58:
54:
53:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1802:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1181:
1179:9780684844565
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:9780887305344
1095:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1056:. Earthscan.
1055:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
985:
982:
970:
966:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
940:
937:
934:, 15(2), 312.
933:
927:
924:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
890:
878:
874:
870:
869:
864:
857:
854:
841:
837:
831:
828:
816:
812:
805:
802:
790:
786:
779:
776:
770:
765:
764:Joshua Bolten
762:
759:
756:
755:
751:
746:
742:
739:
737:
733:
730:
728:
724:
721:
719:
715:
713:
709:
707:
703:
701:
697:
694:
692:
688:
685:
683:
679:
676:
674:
670:
669:Doug McMillon
667:
665:
661:
659:
655:
652:
650:
646:
645:Ryan M. Lance
643:
641:
637:
634:
632:
628:
625:
623:
619:
616:
614:
610:
607:
605:
601:
598:
596:
592:
589:
587:
583:
580:
578:
574:
571:
569:
565:
562:
560:
556:
553:
551:
547:
544:
542:
538:
537:Mary T. Barra
535:
533:
529:
528:Joshua Bolten
525:
523:
519:
518:Chuck Robbins
515:
514:
512:
506:
504:
502:
498:
493:
491:
488:U.S. Senator
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
452:
443:
441:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410:
406:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
371:
369:
365:
363:
362:Chuck Robbins
357:
354:
353:
347:
343:
338:
335:
330:
327:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
298:Ronald Reagan
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
268:
263:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:Joshua Bolten
131:
127:
123:
122:Chuck Robbins
119:
114:
112:
108:
107:public policy
104:
100:
99:United States
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
67:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1692:September 6,
1690:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1632:
1622:
1614:The Guardian
1612:
1607:
1597:September 3,
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1571:September 3,
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1539:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1442:September 8,
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1386:. Retrieved
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1318:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1238:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1205:
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1164:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1088:
1083:
1072:
1052:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
993:
984:
974:September 3,
972:. Retrieved
968:
965:"Membership"
944:
939:
931:
926:
914:. Retrieved
902:
892:
880:. Retrieved
866:
856:
844:. Retrieved
839:
830:
818:. Retrieved
814:
804:
792:. Retrieved
788:
778:
662:Judy Marks,
609:Lynn J. Good
586:Land O'Lakes
510:
494:
487:
463:Robert Reich
456:
449:
447:
407:, including
402:
382:
375:
366:
358:
350:
339:
331:
310:
295:
272:
251:stakeholders
220:
216:Barack Obama
211:
209:
189:
185:Roger Blough
166:
115:
79:
75:
73:
27:Abbreviation
18:
1035:January 31,
1007:January 31,
916:January 31,
882:January 31,
760:, 2010–2017
758:John Engler
687:Blake Moret
627:Scott Kirby
613:Duke Energy
591:Jane Fraser
573:Jamie Dimon
475:Whole Foods
372:Legislation
302:George Bush
281:plan for a
279:Ralph Nader
227:shareholder
223:corporation
153:Jamie Dimon
1744:Categories
1666:August 27,
1640:August 18,
1545:August 19,
1519:August 19,
1493:August 19,
1468:August 28,
1296:August 13,
1270:August 13,
1219:August 19,
1148:August 18,
1122:August 19,
820:August 13,
794:August 18,
771:References
654:Hal Lawton
516:BRT Chair
434:Safra Catz
427:Mary Barra
412:Jeff Bezos
360:chairman,
291:filibuster
275:anti-trust
257:Activities
177:Fred Borch
137:Mary Barra
1214:0362-4331
1002:0362-4331
951:. p. 338.
911:0362-4331
877:0362-4331
752:President
595:Citigroup
582:Beth Ford
530:, former
444:Criticism
210:In 2010,
97:of major
84:nonprofit
1416:June 18,
1366:June 27,
1344:June 27,
1291:The Hill
1245:June 27,
815:The Hill
564:Tim Cook
431:Oracle's
419:Tim Cook
409:Amazon's
387:and the
321:Citicorp
145:Tim Cook
87:lobbyist
1687:Fortune
1634:Reuters
1388:May 20,
1185:July 3,
1143:Fortune
969:brt.org
766:, 2017–
718:Cummins
673:Walmart
640:PepsiCo
550:Bechtel
416:Apple's
163:History
82:) is a
57:Website
1718:May 1,
1212:
1176:
1096:
1060:
1000:
909:
875:
846:May 1,
700:Hilton
604:Nasdaq
479:Boeing
241:; the
201:DuPont
151:; and
745:FedEx
568:Apple
522:Cisco
342:lobby
306:NAFTA
231:Nobel
205:Exxon
169:Alcoa
149:Apple
126:Cisco
1720:2024
1694:2021
1668:2021
1642:2021
1599:2021
1592:CNBC
1573:2021
1547:2019
1521:2019
1514:CNBC
1495:2019
1470:2021
1444:2021
1437:kutv
1418:2014
1390:2024
1368:2019
1346:2019
1298:2024
1272:2024
1247:2024
1221:2019
1210:ISSN
1187:2021
1174:ISBN
1150:2021
1124:2019
1094:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1037:2023
1009:2023
998:ISSN
976:2021
918:2023
907:ISSN
884:2023
873:ISSN
848:2024
822:2024
796:2021
559:TIAA
429:and
183:CEO
175:CEO
74:The
66:.org
35:Type
155:of
147:of
139:of
124:of
80:BRT
62:www
30:BRT
1746::
1710:.
1685:.
1659:.
1631:.
1590:.
1564:.
1538:.
1512:.
1486:.
1460:.
1435:.
1398:^
1289:.
1263:.
1237:.
1208:.
1204:.
1168:.
1141:.
1113:.
1025:.
992:.
967:.
956:^
947:.
905:.
901:.
871:.
865:.
838:.
813:.
787:.
743:,
734:,
725:,
698:,
689:,
680:,
671:,
656:,
647:,
638:,
629:,
620:,
611:,
602:,
593:,
584:,
575:,
566:,
557:,
548:,
539:,
520:,
485:.
461:,
425:'
421:,
414:,
395:.
293:.
207:.
159:.
143:;
135:;
113:.
1722:.
1696:.
1670:.
1644:.
1601:.
1575:.
1549:.
1523:.
1497:.
1472:.
1446:.
1420:.
1392:.
1370:.
1348:.
1300:.
1274:.
1249:.
1223:.
1189:.
1152:.
1126:.
1066:.
1039:.
1011:.
978:.
920:.
886:.
850:.
824:.
798:.
78:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.