220:, just over 601 miles (967 km) upstream from the mouth of the latter. The island originally stretched for about a mile up the Little Tennessee, but the construction of Tellico Dam across the island's west river channel in the 1970s created a reservoir that flooded the southern two-thirds of the island. To contain the reservoir, an earthen levee was built along the island's new south shore and across the island's east river channel, connecting the island to the mainland. TVA's construction of a canal connecting the Tellico and Fort Loudoun reservoirs severed this section of the mainland, thus creating a new island that stretches for about a mile east-to-west, and touches three TVA lakes: Fort Loudoun,
498:, published in 1894. Emmert focused on two mounds on the north end of the island, known simply as Mound 1 and Mound 2. Mound 1 was 100 feet (30 m) in diameter and 6.5 feet (2.0 m) high, and described as "thoroughly worked over." Emmert uncovered 14 skeletons in Mound 1, along with pottery fragments, flint chips, glass beads, and an iron bracelet. Mound 2 was slightly larger than Mound 1, but was flanked by a diamond-shaped terrace 570 feet (170 m) long and 8 feet (2.4 m) high, which Emmert believed to be man-made. Excavators uncovered 67 skeletons in Mound 2, as well as a burnt-clay tumulus surrounded by irregular cedar-post formations.
256:
482:
50:
401:
299:
242:, stated that the original island covered 200 acres (81 ha), and rose to a maximum of 15 feet (4.6 m) above the river. Emmert described the island's banks as "steep" with "heavy timber and much cane growing along them." Emmert also noted that the island was occasionally submerged when the Little Tennessee flooded, and noted that his excavation work was interrupted by one such flood which submerged the island to upwards of 12 feet (3.7 m).
465:
Tennessee River and lower Little
Tennessee River. Engineers were unable to locate a suitable downstream site for a dam. They instead built the dam about a mile upstream, planning to build it at the mouth of the Little Tennessee—known as the Fort Loudoun Extension—to divert water to the Fort Loudoun reservoir and increase that dam's generating capacity. Due to lack of funding, however, the Fort Loudoun Extension project was shelved until the 1960s.
510:(about 100 miles downstream from Bussell). Like Emmert, Harrington focused on the north end of the island, although he noted that the mounds Emmert excavated had been leveled. Of the 41 burials uncovered by Harrington, 9 were of the older "Round Grave" culture. He attributed the remainder to the later, historic Cherokee inhabitants. Harrington suggested that the large diamond-shaped terrace mentioned by Emmert was a massive
453:
469:
infrastructure project. Construction of the dam began in 1969, but litigation stalled its completion until 1979. The
University of Tennessee was hired to conduct extensive archeological excavations at sites throughout the Tellico Basin. As a result of the survey and these excavations, several sites were added to the
444:
river shore in Lenoir City. Harrington excavated numerous
Cherokee graves—identified by the graves' "rectangular" shape and the presence of European trade goods such as glass beads from the period of trading with European-American colonists and settlers. But no known major Cherokee villages were located on the island.
517:
Harrington described the graves of the Round Grave culture as measuring 2 to 3 feet in diameter, with the bodies folded and compacted to fit in the graves. Typical burial goods included bone awls, steatite bowls, and animal teeth. In contrast, the
Cherokee graves were rectangular, with the bodies
443:
at what is now Lenoir City. In 1887, John W. Emmert conducted the first major excavations at
Bussell Island for the U.S. Bureau of Ethnology. By the time Harrington excavated the island in 1919, the island had come into the possession of the Bussell family, who operated a ferry along the opposite
345:
De Soto held a friendly meeting with the chief of Coste on July 2, but relations quickly soured after the
Spaniards pillaged some of the Costeans' storehouses, and several Costeans attacked the Spaniards with clubs. De Soto devised a ruse in which he kidnapped the chief and held him hostage for
464:
was established and charged with building a series of dams to generate hydroelectricity and control flooding through the region. They initially proposed to build Fort
Loudoun Dam downstream from the mouth of the Little Tennessee, thus creating a reservoir that would expand across both the upper
468:
TVA revived interest in the Fort
Loudoun Extension—renamed the Tellico Dam project—in 1964. They met immediate opposition from a group of citizen activists, who included environmentalists, historical conservationists, and Native Americans with different interests and perspectives on such an
209:
290:, including several found on Bussell Island and the surrounding mainland. Bussell Island's Mississippian inhabitants used triangular flint arrowheads, celt axes, and wore ornaments made from copper and seashells (the latter suggesting trade with coastal regions).
231:(Lamar Alexander Parkway) crosses the island's new eastern half, and State Route 444 (Tellico Parkway) traverses the center of the island, with the two roads intersecting on the island's eastern tip. US-321 crosses via the J. Carmichael Bridge, which spans both
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375:
tribes. (Linguist
Charles Hudson suggests that the term "Koasati" may have been derived from "Coste"). Coste was probably part of the Coosa chiefdom's sphere of influence, which stretched from the upper Tennessee Valley south into central
5366:
2524:
271:, called these early inhabitants "Round Grave" people, due to their practice of burying their dead in small, round graves. The Round Grave people used tools made of animal bone and stone, and used both
824:
196:
In 1887 and 1919, archaeologists conducted extensive excavations at
Bussell Island and identified its archaeological importance. The island was drastically modified in the 1970s when the
346:
several days. After the chief promised to assign guides and porters to the expedition, De Soto departed on July 9. The expedition continued up the Little Tennessee to the village of
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In 1919, Tennessee state archaeologist Mark Harrington boated down the Tennessee River to investigate a series of mound structures scattered along the river between Lenoir City and
318:
in hopes of finding an interior route to Mexico. Marching north from Florida, De Soto passed through modern South Carolina and North Carolina before turning west and crossing the
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The successors to the Round Grave people at Bussell Island were a people Harrington simply called the "Second Culture." This culture was part of what is now known as the
282:, which flourished in the upper Tennessee Valley between 900 and 1600 AD. The Mississippian people of the upper Tennessee Valley are known for building large, earthwork
977:
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1720:
817:
432:, met a Cherokee head man named Slave Catcher near the mouth of the Little Tennessee. While his memoir and map were detailed, Timberlake did not refer to the island.
412:, because they were west of the Appalachian mountains—had developed along the lower 55 miles (89 km) of the Little Tennessee River, among them the villages of
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856:
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The earliest known inhabitants of Bussell Island lived during the Late Archaic period (c. 3000–1000 BC), and occupied the island sporadically throughout the
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810:
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Emmert's excavations for the American Bureau of Ethnology (Smithsonian Institution) took place in 1887, and were discussed in the bureau's
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167:
36:
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1967:
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1987:
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1932:
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267:(1000 BC – 1000 AD). Archaeologist Mark R. Harrington, who conducted extensive excavations in the area in 1919 for the
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laid in a flexed position. Typical Cherokee burial items included earthenware vessels, glass beads, and pipes.
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Bussell Island vicinity, with the dotted blue line showing the island's original east and southwest shorelines
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424:, the lowermost of the Overhill towns, was located about 17 miles (27 km) upstream from Bussell Island.
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Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890–'91
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1972:
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Archaeological Investigations at the Eighteenth Century Overhill Cherokee Town of Mialoquo (40MR3)
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and a recreational area occupy part of the island. Part of the island was added in 1978 to the
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In the mid-18th century, more than a dozen Cherokee villages—known to English colonists as the
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409:
351:
208:
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802:
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637:(New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, 1922), pp. 50, 61–82, 277–279.
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embarked on an expedition across what is now the Southeastern United States, then called
435:
Throughout most of the 19th century, Bussell Island was known as "Lenoir Island," after
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1878:
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372:
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177:(c. 3000–1000 BC). The island is believed to have been the location of the capital of
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123:
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cultures for thousands of years before the arrival of early European explorers. The
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1992:
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1592:
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1344:
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1322:
1234:
1219:
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1091:
428:, an Anglo-American colonist who had traveled up the Little Tennessee in 1761 on a
673:
The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Explorations of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566–1568
473:
for their archaeological potential, among them Bussell Island, designated 40LD17.
326:
into East Tennessee. After resting for several weeks at the prominent village of
259:
Steatite vessel fragment belonging to the "Round Grave" people, uncovered in 1919
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further up the Little Tennessee Valley, but turned back before reaching Coste.
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54:
Ceramic bowl unearthed from the "Round Grave" on Bussell Island, 6.2" diameter
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
100:
87:
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744:(Technical report). University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology. 37.
227:
Lenoir City is located along the Tennessee River opposite Bussell Island.
342:
centered around Bussell Island. He reached its outskirts on July 1, 1540.
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272:
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John W. Emmert, who conducted excavations on the island in 1887 for the
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895:
377:
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Bussell Island is situated where the Little Tennessee River joins the
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3904:
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3714:
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2013:
1883:
1532:
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511:
417:
327:
303:
5176:
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1962:
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1354:
480:
451:
399:
363:
The inhabitants of Coste, like the inhabitants of Chiaha, spoke a
297:
254:
207:
617:(Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894), pp. 397–403.
5367:
National Register of Historic Places in Loudon County, Tennessee
3506:
3622:
2539:
806:
173:
Native American habitation of Bussell Island dates to the Late
675:(Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 2005), p. 104.
662:(Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 204–207.
794:
Tellico Archaeology: 12,000 Years of Native American History
781:
The Snail Darter Case: TVA Versus the Endangered Species Act
5316:
3618:
783:(Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2007), p. 15.
5153:
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
456:
Earthen levee along Bussell Island's new south shoreline
758:(Marietta, Georgia: Continental Book Co., 1948), p. 56.
302:
Detail from Chiaves' 1584 map of "La Florida," showing
796:(Knoxville, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985).
635:
Cherokee and Earlier Remains on Upper Tennessee River
514:
deposit that had accumulated over several centuries.
4851:
4630:
4312:
4217:
4115:
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2012:
2001:
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874:
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193:and the regional homelands of the Cherokee people.
129:
116:
79:
69:
59:
5053:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
5013:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
189:in 1540—and was later part of the domain of the
150:, at its confluence with the Tennessee River in
485:Pottery vessel uncovered by Harrington in 1919
3634:
2551:
818:
716:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
629:
627:
625:
623:
591:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
8:
775:
773:
146:, is an island located at the mouth of the
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3619:
2558:
2544:
2536:
2191:
2009:
871:
825:
811:
803:
48:
3066:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
754:Henry Timberlake, Samuel Williams (ed.),
654:
652:
545:. National Park Service. October 1, 2009.
439:, who established a large plantation and
354:), and eventually found its way south to
37:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
609:
607:
5337:South Appalachian Mississippian culture
556:
554:
552:
527:
158:. The island was inhabited by various
539:"National Register Information System"
380:. In 1567, another Spanish explorer,
338:and Tennessee River to the village of
20:
5362:Landforms of Loudon County, Tennessee
5352:Geography of Loudon County, Tennessee
660:Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun
562:A History of Archaeology in Tennessee
533:
531:
185:chiefdom visited by Spanish explorer
7:
543:National Register of Historic Places
471:National Register of Historic Places
168:National Register of Historic Places
4655:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
3750:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
3537:Norse colonization of North America
4304:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
841:Mississippian and related cultures
686:The Juan Pardo Expeditions, p. 10.
573:Tennessee Archaeology: A Synthesis
396:Cherokee and Euro-American history
367:similar to that used by the later
360:, a chiefdom in northern Georgia.
170:for its archaeological potential.
14:
5317:Cherokee-language Knowledge (XXG)
4973:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
4938:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
560:Bobby Braly and Shannon Koerner,
404:Cherokee grave, excavated in 1919
4128:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
834:
5108:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
3557:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2475:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
4808:Hiwassee River Heritage Center
4735:Chief Vann House Historic Site
4645:Cherokee Removal Memorial Park
857:Timeline of Mississippi valley
334:), De Soto continued down the
118:
1:
4745:Museum of the Cherokee People
2057:Grand Village of the Illinois
4833:Five Civilized Tribes Museum
4710:Red Clay State Historic Park
4322:Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)
3522:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3472:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1834:Grand Village of the Natchez
275:vessels and simple pottery.
18:United States historic place
5137:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
4158:Cherokee Southwest Township
4143:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
4075:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
3992:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
3811:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
2906:Bandelier National Monument
2780:List of Mississippian sites
2567:Pre-Columbian North America
852:List of Mississippian sites
5383:
5357:River islands of Tennessee
5347:Tennessee Valley Authority
4278:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
4253:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
4163:Oconaluftee Indian Village
4138:Original Keetoowah Society
3326:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
2931:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
2640:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
698:The Juan Pardo Expeditions
613:U.S. Bureau of Ethnology,
462:Tennessee Valley Authority
384:, visited the villages of
310:In 1540, Spanish explorer
198:Tennessee Valley Authority
5312:
4690:Trail of Tears State Park
4640:Cherokee National Capitol
4046:Jackson and McMinn Treaty
4021:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
3755:Cherokee Immersion School
3595:
3567:Three Sisters agriculture
2573:
2502:
847:
710:Schroedl, Gerald (2002).
200:(TVA) built Tellico Dam.
117:NRHP reference
47:
43:
34:
27:
23:
4823:Fort Smith Historic Site
4591:Western Cherokee Nation
4190:Cherokee Central Schools
3975:Battle of Lindley's Fort
3745:Cherokee (Unicode block)
3106:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
2665:Buttermilk Creek complex
1769:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
646:Harrington, pp. 166–167.
154:, near the U.S. city of
64:Loudon County, Tennessee
5182:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
5168:Other notable Cherokee
4102:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
3306:Town Creek Indian Mound
3276:Sierra de San Francisco
3131:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2399:Ballgame (Southeastern)
2295:Long-nosed god maskette
2175:SunWatch Indian Village
2122:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
1983:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
240:Smithsonian Institution
5102:William Charles Rogers
5022:William Holland Thomas
4798:The Great Trading Path
3965:Cherokee–American wars
2961:Coso Rock Art District
2848:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
2751:List of Hopewell sites
2150:Alligator Effigy Mound
1764:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
1716:Leon-Jefferson culture
1112:Caborn-Welborn culture
575:(Chapter 2). p. 12-14.
502:M.R. Harrington (1919)
486:
457:
437:William Ballard Lenoir
405:
307:
260:
213:
156:Lenoir City, Tennessee
148:Little Tennessee River
74:Lenoir City, Tennessee
4828:Port Royal State Park
4053:Transylvania Purchase
4026:Treaty of Hard Labour
3948:Siege of Fort Loudoun
3674:United Keetoowah Band
3369:Arlington Springs Man
3211:Portsmouth Earthworks
879:and Upper Mississippi
484:
455:
403:
301:
280:Mississippian culture
258:
211:
101:35.78028°N 84.25611°W
5092:Samuel Houston Mayes
4269:The Cherokee Tobacco
4261:Worcester v. Georgia
4245:freedmen controversy
4205:Sequoyah High School
4195:Cherokee High School
4058:Chickamauga Cherokee
4016:Treaty of Turkeytown
4006:Treaty of New Echota
3982:Nickajack Expedition
3960:Cherokee War of 1776
3577:Transoceanic contact
3467:Container Revolution
3041:Gila Cliff Dwellings
3006:Etowah Indian Mounds
2438:Earth/fertility cult
2142:Fort Ancient culture
1026:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
1012:Lower Ohio River and
998:Steed-Kisker culture
712:"Overhill Cherokees"
320:Blue Ridge Mountains
183:Mississippian-period
4700:Rattlesnake Springs
4285:Cherokee Commission
3970:Battle of Hightower
3857:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
3760:New Kituwah Academy
3725:Green Corn Ceremony
3497:Green Corn Ceremony
3311:Turkey River Mounds
3101:Lake Jackson Mounds
2921:Blue Spring Shelter
2443:Green Corn Ceremony
2003:Upper Mississippian
1953:Blue Spring Shelter
1673:Fort Walton culture
1127:Hovey Lake District
792:Jefferson Chapman,
779:Kenneth Murchison,
585:Dye, David (2002).
448:Tellico Dam project
106:35.78028; -84.25611
97: /
29:Bussell Island Site
4892:Outacite of Keowee
4803:The Great War Path
4778:Oconaluftee valley
4763:Stick Ball Grounds
4685:Tellico Blockhouse
4090:Indian Removal Act
4036:Treaty of Hopewell
4031:Treaty of Lochaber
3987:American Civil War
3943:Anglo-Cherokee War
3827:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
3582:Underwater panther
3256:Rosenstock Village
3126:Marmes Rockshelter
3111:L'Anse aux Meadows
2525:de Soto Expedition
2490:Underwater panther
2336:Central Algonquian
2047:Fisher Mound Group
1691:Apalachee Province
1658:Waddells Mill Pond
767:Harrington, p. 34.
756:Memoirs, 1756–1765
738:Chapman, Jefferson
567:2013-11-03 at the
496:12th Annual Report
490:J.W. Emmert (1887)
487:
460:In the 1930s, the
458:
420:. The village of
406:
365:Muskogean language
336:French Broad River
308:
261:
214:
5324:
5323:
5277:Clement V. Rogers
5147:Chuck Hoskin, Jr.
5097:Thomas Buffington
4862:Moytoy of Tellico
4783:Oconaluftee River
4715:Hair Conrad Cabin
4650:Chieftains Museum
4201:Sequoyah Schools
4063:Overhill Cherokee
4041:Treaty of Holston
4011:Treaty of Tellico
4001:Cherokee treaties
3772:Spiritual beliefs
3616:
3615:
3608:Pre-Columbian era
3409:Spirit Cave mummy
3206:Plum Bayou Mounds
3116:Lynch Quarry Site
2635:Ancient Beringian
2533:
2532:
2498:
2497:
2183:
2182:
1799:Atchafalaya Basin
1741:Pensacola culture
1706:Fort Walton Mound
1598:Punk Rock Shelter
1558:Mouse Creek phase
1381:South Appalachian
1375:
1374:
1254:Central and Lower
1195:Castalian Springs
1185:Brentwood Library
1085:Middle Ohio River
938:Emerald Acropolis
633:M.R. Harrington,
587:"Soto Expedition"
324:Nolichucky Valley
306:, Coste, and Tali
191:Overhill Cherokee
137:
136:
5374:
5247:Markwayne Mullin
5077:Dennis Bushyhead
4957:Charles R. Hicks
4882:Moytoy of Citico
4773:Tuckasegee River
4695:Brainerd Mission
4680:Sequoyah's Cabin
4587:Cherokee Nations
4225:Principal Chiefs
4218:Politics and law
4169:Unto These Hills
4133:Warriors Society
4095:Cherokee descent
4069:Cherokee Phoenix
3953:Battle of Echoee
3936:Battle of Taliwa
3915:skiagusta (rank)
3842:Moon-eyed people
3777:Moon-eyed people
3695:National holiday
3643:
3636:
3629:
3620:
3552:Projectile point
3389:Leanderthal Lady
3316:Upward Sun River
3291:Stallings Island
3281:Shell ring sites
3231:Recapture Canyon
3146:Moorehead Circle
2991:El Fin del Mundo
2976:Cueva de la Olla
2782:
2769:Maritime Archaic
2753:
2583:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2300:Mill Creek chert
2290:Duck River cache
2192:
2010:
1774:Pensacola people
1568:Muscogee (Creek)
1408:Bell Field Mound
1122:Hovey Lake-Klein
1076:Wickliffe Mounds
1051:Rowlandton Mound
968:Lunsford-Pulcher
872:
839:
838:
827:
820:
813:
804:
797:
790:
784:
777:
768:
765:
759:
752:
746:
745:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
707:
701:
694:
688:
682:
676:
671:Charles Hudson,
669:
663:
658:Charles Hudson,
656:
647:
644:
638:
631:
618:
611:
602:
601:
599:
597:
582:
576:
558:
547:
546:
535:
426:Henry Timberlake
312:Hernando de Soto
233:Fort Loudoun Dam
187:Hernando de Soto
120:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
52:
21:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5308:
5297:Kimberly Teehee
5157:James L. Gordon
5142:Bill John Baker
5127:Wilma Mankiller
5067:William P. Ross
5042:Patrick Lambert
4887:Standing Turkey
4847:
4793:Sycamore Shoals
4768:Cullasaja River
4720:Nancy Ward Tomb
4670:John Ross House
4632:
4626:
4620:Qualla Boundary
4595:Cherokee Nation
4397:Hiwassee Island
4327:Amoyeligunahita
4314:
4308:
4213:
4180:Female Seminary
4153:Heritage groups
4123:Heritage Center
4111:
4107:Texas Cherokees
3920:outacite (rank)
3871:
3815:
3678:
3664:Cherokee Nation
3652:
3647:
3617:
3612:
3603:Genetic history
3591:
3445:Ceremonial pipe
3418:
3399:Minnesota Woman
3356:
3350:
3171:Ocmulgee Mounds
3151:Morrison Mounds
3096:Kolomoki Mounds
3086:Kimball Village
2946:Candelaria Cave
2888:
2882:
2863:Suwannee Valley
2798:Old Cordilleran
2778:
2749:
2617:
2611:
2577:
2569:
2564:
2534:
2529:
2515:Clarksdale bell
2494:
2480:Stone box grave
2421:Ceremonial pipe
2387:
2346:Mobilian Jargon
2319:
2251:
2179:
2136:
2004:
1997:
1934:
1927:
1785:
1778:
1735:
1667:
1613:Rucker's Bottom
1403:Beaverdam Creek
1383:
1371:
1255:
1249:
1210:Hiwassee Island
1167:
1161:
1152:Welborn Village
1080:
1041:Millstone Bluff
1014:Confluence area
1013:
1007:
1003:Sugarloaf Mound
943:Emmons Cemetery
878:
876:American Bottom
867:
861:
843:
833:
831:
801:
800:
791:
787:
778:
771:
766:
762:
753:
749:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
709:
708:
704:
695:
691:
683:
679:
670:
666:
657:
650:
645:
641:
632:
621:
612:
605:
595:
593:
584:
583:
579:
569:Wayback Machine
559:
550:
537:
536:
529:
524:
508:Hiwassee Island
504:
492:
479:
450:
398:
296:
284:platform mounds
269:Heye Foundation
265:Woodland period
253:
248:
235:and the canal.
224:, and Tellico.
218:Tennessee River
206:
160:Native American
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
55:
39:
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5380:
5378:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Hastings Shade
5289:
5287:Durbin Feeling
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5267:Jenny McIntosh
5264:
5259:
5254:
5252:Yvette Herrell
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5232:Nunnahitsunega
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5202:Elias Boudinot
5199:
5194:
5189:
5187:Turtle-at-Home
5184:
5179:
5174:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5087:Johnson Harris
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Dragging Canoe
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:Attakullakulla
4864:
4858:Early leaders
4855:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:Bussell Island
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4675:Ross's Landing
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Judaculla Rock
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4633:memorial sites
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4500:Spike Bucktown
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4290:Cherokee Strip
4282:
4274:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4085:Trail of Tears
4077:
4072:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3927:
3925:Raven of Chota
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Horned Serpent
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Mound Builders
3524:
3519:
3514:
3512:Medicine wheel
3509:
3504:
3502:Horned Serpent
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3241:Roberts Island
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:Old Stone Fort
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Moaning Cavern
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Kincaid Mounds
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Cuarenta Casas
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:Bluefish Caves
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2887:Archaeological
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Caloosahatchee
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Caborn-Welborn
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2616:Archaeological
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2520:Mound Builders
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:Related topics
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:Village bundle
2460:
2455:
2453:Platform mound
2450:
2448:Horned Serpent
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2315:Stone statuary
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Leo Petroglyph
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2102:Moccasin Bluff
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Gentleman Farm
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Carcajou Point
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Caddoan Mounds
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Dauphin Island
1751:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Bussell Island
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:Beasley Mounds
1177:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1031:Kincaid Mounds
1028:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
948:Horseshoe Lake
945:
940:
935:
933:Dickson Mounds
930:
925:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
893:
888:
882:
880:
869:
863:
862:
860:
859:
854:
848:
845:
844:
832:
830:
829:
822:
815:
807:
799:
798:
785:
769:
760:
747:
728:
702:
689:
677:
664:
648:
639:
619:
603:
577:
548:
526:
525:
523:
520:
503:
500:
491:
488:
478:
475:
449:
446:
410:Overhill towns
397:
394:
295:
292:
252:
249:
247:
244:
229:U.S. Route 321
205:
202:
175:Archaic period
140:Bussell Island
135:
134:
133:March 29, 1978
131:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
41:
40:
35:
32:
31:
28:
25:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5379:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:Redbird Smith
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:Sam Sixkiller
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5082:Joel B. Mayes
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:Lewis Downing
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:Richard Sneed
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:Gerard Parker
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:Tahlonteeskee
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:William Hicks
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:Little Turkey
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4843:Cherokee Path
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:Landmarks and
4629:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:Eastern Band
4610:
4606:
4605:Tahlonteeskee
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:Running Water
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Male Seminary
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:Organizations
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Falcon dancer
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:Miscellaneous
3421:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Melbourne Man
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:La Brea Woman
3382:
3380:
3379:Kennewick Man
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Serpent Mound
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Pueblo Bonito
3219:
3217:
3216:Poverty Point
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Pinson Mounds
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:Painted Bluff
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Horr's Island
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Effigy Mounds
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Crystal River
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2878:Weeden Island
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Safety Harbor
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Poverty Point
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Paleo-Indians
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:Mississippian
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:Sacred bundle
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2283:Wulfing cache
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2268:Copper plates
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Three Sisters
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Little barley
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Serpent Mound
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2132:Summer Island
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
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1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1935:Mississippian
1930:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
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1852:
1850:
1847:
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1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1786:Mississippian
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Corbin–Tucker
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
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1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:Roods Landing
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Moccasin Bend
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Hoojah Branch
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
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1439:
1436:
1434:
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1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1385:Mississippian
1382:
1378:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Menard-Hodges
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1245:Swallow Bluff
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:Tennessee and
1164:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:Marshall Site
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
877:
873:
870:
868:Mississippian
864:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
842:
837:
828:
823:
821:
816:
814:
809:
808:
805:
795:
789:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
764:
761:
757:
751:
748:
743:
739:
732:
729:
717:
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706:
703:
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687:
681:
678:
674:
668:
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624:
620:
616:
610:
608:
604:
592:
588:
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
557:
555:
553:
549:
544:
540:
534:
532:
528:
521:
519:
515:
513:
509:
501:
499:
497:
489:
483:
476:
474:
472:
466:
463:
454:
447:
445:
442:
438:
433:
431:
430:peace mission
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
402:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
358:
353:
350:(near modern
349:
343:
341:
337:
333:
330:(near modern
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:"La Florida,"
313:
305:
300:
293:
291:
289:
288:burial mounds
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
257:
250:
245:
243:
241:
236:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
210:
203:
201:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:Loudon County
149:
145:
144:Lenoir Island
141:
132:
130:Added to NRHP
128:
125:
122:
115:
110:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
26:
22:
16:
5314:
5302:Shawna Baker
5237:Ned Christie
5162:John W. Hair
5122:Ross Swimmer
5117:W. W. Keeler
4872:Amouskositte
4818:Tuckaleechee
4788:Abrams Creek
4750:Untokiasdiyi
4729:
4725:Blythe Ferry
4276:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4167:
4067:
3932:Tribal Wars
3806:Booger dance
3669:Eastern Band
3587:Water glyphs
3542:Oasisamerica
3532:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3492:Folsom point
3482:Effigy mound
3462:Clovis point
3430:Aridoamerica
3331:Wickiup Hill
3286:Spiro Mounds
3266:Salmon Ruins
3261:Russell Cave
3056:Helen Blazes
3051:Grimes Point
3031:Fort Juelson
3021:Fort Ancient
2996:El Vallecito
2956:Chaco Canyon
2896:Angel Mounds
2858:Steed-Kisker
2808:Paleo-Arctic
2730:Glacial Kame
2715:Fort Ancient
2607:Post-Classic
2578:
2510:Chevron bead
2416:Burial mound
2310:Shell gorget
2278:Spiro plates
2273:Rogan plates
2092:Knoll Spring
2067:Hartley Fort
2027:Beattie Park
1911:Transylvania
1749:Bottle Creek
1711:Lake Jackson
1593:Pisgah phase
1523:Little Egypt
1473:Garden Creek
1458:Dallas phase
1427:
1345:Tipton phase
1323:Nodena phase
1220:Mound Bottom
1205:Fewkes Group
1190:Brick Church
1092:Angel Mounds
958:Kuhn Station
953:John Chapman
793:
788:
780:
763:
755:
750:
741:
736:Russ, Kurt;
731:
719:. Retrieved
715:
705:
700:, pp. 36–45.
697:
692:
685:
680:
672:
667:
659:
642:
634:
614:
594:. Retrieved
590:
580:
572:
542:
516:
505:
495:
493:
467:
459:
434:
407:
371:(Creek) and
362:
356:
347:
344:
339:
315:
309:
286:and conical
277:
262:
237:
226:
215:
195:
178:
172:
143:
139:
138:
70:Nearest city
15:
5262:Major Ridge
5242:John Martin
5222:Joseph Vann
5112:J. B. Milam
5037:Joyce Dugan
5007:John Rogers
5002:John Looney
4997:Sam Houston
4927:Incalatanga
4740:Mantle Rock
4665:Long Island
4402:Island town
4240:1842 revolt
4148:Youth Choir
3847:Nun'Yunu'Wi
3801:Stomp dance
3789:Black drink
3784:Ethnobotany
3572:Thunderbird
3440:Black drink
3404:Peñon woman
3341:Winterville
3321:Velda Mound
3301:Taos Pueblo
3196:Parkin Park
3181:Orwell site
3166:Nodena site
3061:Holly Bluff
3036:Four Mounds
3026:Fort Center
2951:Casa Grande
2901:Anzick site
2793:Monongahela
2720:Fort Walton
2695:Coles Creek
2660:Belle Glade
2645:Anishinaabe
2485:Thunderbird
2411:Black drink
2263:Emmons mask
2207:Chenopodium
2195:Agriculture
2117:Plum Island
2072:Hotel Plaza
1921:Winterville
1901:Scott Place
1839:Holly Bluff
1759:Fort Walton
1513:Lamar phase
1367:Walls phase
1263:Belle Meade
1256:Mississippi
1200:Dunbar Cave
1102:Annis Mound
1097:Angel phase
1071:Ware Mounds
1066:Twin Mounds
916:Ramey state
901:Monks Mound
477:Excavations
441:cotton mill
332:Douglas Dam
164:Tellico Dam
142:, formerly
104: /
80:Coordinates
5331:Categories
5315:See also:
5217:David Vann
5212:James Vann
5207:Wauhatchie
5197:Goingsnake
5172:Nancy Ward
4992:John Jolly
4947:Pathkiller
4907:Old Tassel
4897:Oconostota
4565:Turtletown
4560:Turkeytown
4550:Tuckasegee
4485:Oostanaula
4432:Long Swamp
4427:Kulsetsiyi
4176:Education
3910:Ani-kutani
3867:Tsul 'Kalu
3832:Deer Woman
3517:Metallurgy
3477:Eden point
3374:Buhl Woman
3246:Rock Eagle
3236:River Styx
3161:Mummy Cave
3156:Moundville
3136:Mesa Verde
3121:Marksville
2868:Tchefuncte
2828:Plaquemine
2764:Las Palmas
2680:Calf Creek
2675:Cades Pond
2222:Marshelder
2107:Oak Forest
2077:Hoxie Farm
1891:Pocahontas
1784:Plaquemine
1721:Letchworth
1653:Town Creek
1588:Park Mound
1553:Moundville
1538:Mandeville
1528:Long Swamp
1488:Jere Shine
1340:Quigualtam
1288:Chucalissa
1175:Backusburg
1168:Cumberland
1157:Yankeetown
1142:Slack Farm
1117:Ellerbusch
1021:Adams site
928:Cloverdale
522:References
382:Juan Pardo
251:Prehistory
92:84°15′22″W
89:35°46′49″N
5227:Bob Benge
5192:Junaluska
5027:Tsaladihi
5017:Yonaguska
4967:John Ross
4952:Big Tiger
4932:Tagwadihi
4922:Kunokeski
4902:Savanukah
4838:Tlanusiyi
4705:Fort Cass
4600:Tahlequah
4580:Titsohili
4545:Tsatanugi
4460:Nickajack
4447:Nantahala
4442:Nacoochee
4372:Dirt town
4352:Conasauga
4342:Chilhowee
4332:Brasstown
4313:Towns and
4295:in Kansas
4230:Blood Law
3862:U'tlun'ta
3740:syllabary
3562:Stickball
3251:Rock Hawk
3081:Key Marco
2873:Troyville
2853:St. Johns
2838:Red Ocher
2597:Formative
2351:Muskogean
2324:Languages
2237:Sunflower
2097:Mero site
2032:Blood Run
1686:Apalachee
1633:Summerour
1573:Nacoochee
1330:Owl Creek
1225:Riverview
1215:Link Farm
1107:Bone Bank
1061:Turk Site
1056:Towosahgy
921:Woodhenge
386:Chalahume
222:Watts Bar
5132:Joe Byrd
5072:Utselata
5062:Degataga
4982:Degadoga
4977:The Bowl
4755:Standing
4615:Cherokee
4570:Tuskegee
4530:Tomotley
4525:Tomassee
4490:Red Clay
4437:Mialoquo
4392:Hiwassee
4387:Frogtown
4377:Ducktown
4367:Crowtown
4315:villages
3900:Treaties
3893:military
3888:timeline
3852:Nûñnë'hï
3730:Language
3700:Calendar
3650:Cherokee
3450:Chanunpa
3435:Ballgame
3414:Vero man
3364:Anzick-1
3336:Windover
3296:SunWatch
3226:Rassawek
3046:Glenwood
2936:Brewster
2788:Mogollon
2759:La Jolla
2745:Hopewell
2705:Deptford
2618:cultures
2458:Red Horn
2426:Chanunpa
2404:Northern
2392:Religion
2373:Timucuan
2341:Cherokee
2127:Schwerdt
2087:Juntunen
2062:Griesmer
2005:cultures
1958:Bluffton
1844:Jaketown
1809:Fitzhugh
1663:Wilbanks
1643:Tomotley
1618:Savannah
1583:Ocmulgee
1563:Mulberry
1498:Joe Bell
1418:Biltmore
1413:Bessemer
1278:Campbell
1240:Old Town
1046:Orr-Herl
983:Orendorf
978:Mitchell
911:Mound 72
906:Mound 34
891:Big Eddy
740:(1983).
721:June 29,
696:Hudson,
684:Hudson,
596:June 29,
565:Archived
422:Mialoquo
369:Muscogee
322:via the
273:steatite
204:Location
124:78002606
60:Location
5257:Sequoya
4877:Old Hop
4813:Chatata
4555:Tugaloo
4540:Toxoway
4520:Tellico
4510:Talulah
4495:Settico
4470:Nununyi
4465:Nikwasi
4407:Isunigu
4362:Coyotee
4337:Chatuga
4235:Slavery
4080:Removal
3883:History
3876:History
3820:Legends
3794:Kanuchi
3767:Marbles
3735:history
3690:Society
3683:Culture
3599:Related
3457:Chunkey
3357:remains
3346:Wupatki
3186:Paquime
3076:Huápoca
2941:Cahokia
2911:Bastian
2818:Patayan
2740:Hohokam
2725:Fremont
2700:ComondĂş
2655:Baytown
2650:Avonlea
2630:Alachua
2602:Classic
2592:Archaic
2580:Periods
2433:Chunkey
2378:Tunican
2356:Natchez
2331:Caddoan
2305:Pottery
2256:Artwork
2247:Tobacco
2227:Pumpkin
2188:Culture
2042:Fifield
1973:Gahagan
1948:Belcher
1933:Caddoan
1916:Venable
1879:Natchez
1864:Mazique
1819:Fosters
1814:Flowery
1804:Emerald
1681:Anhaica
1638:Taskigi
1603:Rembert
1578:Nikwasi
1543:McMahan
1518:Liddell
1393:Adamson
1303:Janet's
1293:Denmark
1268:Boone's
1230:Sellars
1137:Prather
896:Cahokia
886:Aztalan
378:Alabama
373:Koasati
246:History
4852:People
4515:Tanasi
4505:Talisi
4480:Oconee
4455:Echota
4422:Kituwa
4417:Keowee
4382:Etowah
4281:(2005)
4273:(1871)
4264:(1832)
4256:(1831)
3905:Kituwa
3720:Ghigau
3715:Gadugi
3710:Chiefs
3657:Tribes
3016:Folsom
2981:Cutler
2916:Benson
2803:Oneota
2735:Glades
2710:Folsom
2690:Clovis
2587:Lithic
2368:Siouan
2361:Taensa
2232:Squash
2155:Clover
2014:Oneota
1988:Keller
1978:Hughes
1943:Battle
1884:Taensa
1869:Medora
1859:Mangum
1854:Julice
1849:Jordan
1696:Cayson
1628:Sixtoe
1623:Shiloh
1533:Mabila
1468:Etowah
1448:Citico
1438:Chiaha
1433:Chauga
1350:Tunica
1335:Parkin
1318:Nodena
1313:Murphy
1283:Carson
1132:Murphy
988:Sleeth
973:McCune
963:Larson
866:Middle
512:midden
418:Tanasi
390:Satapo
352:Vonore
340:Coste,
328:Chiaha
304:Chiaha
5177:Tsali
4942:Enola
4758:Stone
4535:Toqua
4475:Ocoee
4412:Joara
4357:Cowee
4347:Chota
3929:Wars
3705:Clans
3547:Piasa
3355:Human
2986:Eaker
2889:sites
2823:Plano
2625:Adena
2383:Yuchi
2217:Maize
2202:Beans
2160:Dodge
2112:Palos
2082:Huber
2022:Anker
1993:Spiro
1963:Caddo
1896:Routh
1829:Glass
1824:Ghost
1726:Velda
1648:Toqua
1508:Lamar
1493:Joara
1483:Irene
1453:Coosa
1443:Chota
1423:Blair
1398:Avery
1360:Yazoo
1355:Koroa
1298:Eaker
1235:Obion
993:Starr
414:Chota
357:Coosa
294:Coste
179:Coste
4271:case
3507:Kiva
1906:Sims
1874:Mott
1794:Anna
1503:King
1463:Dyar
1273:Boyd
1147:Tolu
723:2011
598:2011
416:and
388:and
348:Tali
4452:New
3011:Eva
1731:Yon
571:.
181:—a
119:No.
5333::
772:^
714:.
651:^
622:^
606:^
589:.
551:^
541:.
530:^
3642:e
3635:t
3628:v
2559:e
2552:t
2545:v
826:e
819:t
812:v
725:.
600:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
