1208:
2615:. However, this position has faced political strain. Taiwanese Plains indigenous people who have suffered racial and cultural assimilation often despise these so called "blood nationalists", whom they view as pushing a political agenda by claiming indigenous status. Alak Akatuang, secretary of the Pingpu (Plains) Indigenous Peoples Cultural Association, said that the pan-green camp used the indigenous peoples to create a national identity for Taiwan, but the idea that Taiwanese people are not overwhelmingly descended from Han settlers was false. According to Akatuang, Taiwan's independence shouldn't be established on the idea of blood relations and these people "ignore scientific evidence because they want to believe they are different from China." This harmed the legitimacy of the Pingpu movement for recognition and reparations, and they considered it deeply insulting: "The Pingpu were the first of Taiwan's Indigenous peoples to face colonization. After the Han people came, they stole our land. They murdered our ancestors. Then after a few hundred years, they said we were the same people. Do you think a Pingpu person can accept this?"
1351:
define themselves and their language as primarily
Taiwanese. The Hakka and indigenous peoples of Taiwan have also been redefined as "Taiwanese" in the following period. There have been criticisms of this movement as politically motivated. Authors such as Shih Chih-yu and Yih-jye Hwang described Taiwan's multiculturalism as a discursive construction of identity and that Taiwan identity only existed in discourse without a fixed, essential, or permanent state. There were strong political inclinations underlying both Taiwanese identity as well as pan-Chinese (Han) identity. They criticized the indigenous wing of the KMT for arguing that the Taiwanese were not Chinese and that pro-independence leaders were trying to generate a Taiwanese national consciousness through deliberately redrawing ethnic boundaries and rewriting histories. The division of Hoklo, Hakka and Mainlanders, originally introduced by the Hoklo, has gained popular support within Taiwanese society.
3256:"In order to shore up his government's legitimacy, Chiang set about turning Taiwan's inhabitants into Chinese. To use Renan's terminology, Chiang chose to re-define the concept of shared destiny to include the mainland. Streets were renamed; major thoroughfares in Taipei received names associated with the traditional Confucian virtues. The avenue passing in front of the foreign ministry en route to the presidential palace was named chieh-shou (long life), in Chiang's honor. Students were required to learn Mandarin and speak it exclusively; those who disobeyed and spoke Taiwanese, Hakka, or aboriginal tongues could be fined, slapped, or subjected to other disciplinary actions."
2560:
intermarriage between Han men and native women. Only specific cases of intermarriage are mentioned while historical accounts indicate that the majority of Han men went back to the mainland to seek marriage. The gender imbalance also only lasted until the end of the early Qing period. Due to mass migration, within a few decades, the Han population vastly outnumbered the indigenous people so that even if intermarriage did happen it would have been impossible to meet demand. The fact that indigenous tribes survived all the way up until
Japanese colonization indicates that indigenous women did not marry with Han men en masse.
3380:....The government initiated educational reform in the 1950s to achieve a number of high-priority goals. First, it was done to help root out fifty years of Japanese colonial influence on the island's populace--"resinicizing" them, one might say- -and thereby guarantee their loyalty to the Chinese motherland. Second, the million mainlanders or so who had fled to Taiwan themselves had the age-old tendency of being more loyal to city, county, or province than to China as a nation. They identified themselves as Hunanese, Cantonese, or Sichuanese first, and as Chinese second.
1444:
2172:
1258:" the Taiwanese people. KMT's Taiwan Garrison Commander Chen Yi stated that after 50 years of Japanese rule, "Taiwanese customs, thought, and language would have to gradually return to that of the Chinese people". The KMT believed that a centrally controlled curriculum would forge a unified national sentiment in Taiwan. They also believed education would help build a martial spirit and stimulate enough military, economic, political, and cultural strength not only to survive, but also to recover the mainland.
2580:. The researchers suggested that this ancient Austronesian-related ancestry arose from admixture events between Han Chinese and pre-Austronesian populations (Baiyue) that occurred in mainland China. This did not rule out more recent Han Chinese and Taiwanese indigenous admixture as the wide range in the proportion of Austronesian ancestry (0.1–62%) may be attributed to more recent admixture, but only one person out of the five hundred Taiwanese Han individuals examined was grouped closer to the
2627:
1160:
1694:
2568:
ancestry, and 14.5% belonged to a third (T) group. The southern Han
Chinese were descended from an admixture of northern Han Chinese and the indigenous peoples (Baiyue) of southern China. The T group individuals were genetically distinct from neighbouring Southeast Asians and Taiwanese Austronesian tribes but were similar to other southern Han Chinese. The T group individuals may have experienced evolutionary events independent from the other southern Han.
1554:
1740:). Taiwan's Austronesian speakers were traditionally distributed over much of the island's rugged central mountain range and concentrated in villages along the alluvial plains. Today, the bulk of the contemporary Taiwanese indigenous population reside in the mountains and the major cities. The total population of recognized indigenous peoples on Taiwan is approximately 533,600, or approximately 2.28% of Taiwan's population. The cities of
2095:
2062:. As of 2018, there are more than 710,000 foreign labors employed in Taiwan in both blue and white collar industries. Taiwanese society has a surprisingly high degree of diversity. According to Ethnologue, published by US-based SIL international, over 20 living languages are found on the island as of 2016. These languages are spoken by the many Austronesian and Han ethnolinguistic groups that comprise the people of Taiwan.
1289:
1411:). In one-fourth of all marriages in Taiwan today, one partner will be from another country and one out of every twelve children is born to a family of mixed parentage. As Taiwan's birthrate is among the lowest in the world, this contingent is playing an increasingly important role in changing Taiwan's demographic makeup. By 2010, this social-cultural group of people is typically known as "Taiwan's new resident" (臺灣新住民
7195:
7207:
1268:(mainlanders), who included the people who followed the KMT to Taiwan between 1945 and 1949 and their descendants. The government tended to stress provincial identities, with identification cards and passports issued until the late 1990s displaying one's ancestral province and county. During this period the terms "cooked" and "raw" Indigenous disappeared. The former "raw" Indigenous were termed
7219:
1207:
1139::3–6). Prior to Japanese rule, residents of Taiwan developed relationships based on class solidarity and social connections rather than ethnic identity. Although Han often cheated Aborigines, they also married and supported one another against other residents of the same ethnic background.{source needed} Taiwan was the site of frequent feuding based on ethnicity, lineage and place of origin (
947:
858:. Nowadays, Taiwanese people as a demonym may broadly refer to the indigenous peoples of Kinmen and Matsu as they share the same national identity with people of Taiwan. However, the islanders of Kinmen and the Matsu may not consider the "Taiwanese" label to be accurate as they were traditionally a part of Fujian and not Taiwan, maintaining a distinctive identity from that of the Taiwanese.
33:
2955:
1110:, the Japanese, the Dutch and the Spanish. This view is generally held by Chinese Mainlanders and by people living in Taiwan (Republic of China) whose views are aligned with the Pan-Blue Coalition, who do not agree with the view that the "Taiwanese Benshengren" should be allowed to self-identify as Taiwanese, given that they are "invaders" in Taiwan, rather than "natives".
2584:(who are closer to the Taiwanese indigenous peoples than Sino-Tibetan populations). There were highly distinct patterns of genetic structure in two Taiwanese indigenous populations (Ami and Atayal) in comparison to the Taiwanese Han populations (Hakka and Hokkien). The Taiwanese Han display similar patterns of ancestry with other Sino-Tibetan populations such as the
1925:, have also likely mixed through intermarriage with lowland Indigenous as well. Hakka family trees are known for identifying the male ancestors by their ethnic Hakka heritage while leaving out information on the identity of the female ancestors. Also, during the process of intermarriage and assimilation, many of the lowland Indigenous and their families adopted
1969:). Nationalization campaigns undertaken by the KMT established an official "culture", which reflected the KMT government's own preference for what it considered authentic Chinese culture. This excluded many of the local Taiwanese practices and local cultures, including the diverse cultures brought to Taiwan by the mainlanders from all parts of China (
2548:
way." The author, Shu-Juo Chen, called the belief that the majority of Taiwan's population have indigenous ancestry the "myth of indigenous genes." The lack of a totally complete and definite set of genetic record of Plains indigenous people, or conclusive understanding of their proto-Austronesian roots, further complicates the use of genetic data (
1383:. Although originally aimed at the successive generations of Taiwanese with mainlander ancestry, it has been further articulated by Lee and other political and social leaders to refer to any person who loves Taiwan and is committed to calling Taiwan home. Although critics have called the "New Taiwanese Concept" a political ploy to win votes from
2951:
3244:, p. 45: "One day I fell into conversation with two Americans in a jeep beside the road (in early occupied Japan), and in passing explained to them that I was not Japanese, but a Chinese from Formosa. It was something of a shock to find myself for the first time openly and proudly making this distinction"
1964:
settled first within the heart of large urban centers in Taiwan such as Taipei, Taichung, or
Kaohsiung. High numbers of government officials and civil servants who followed the KMT to Taiwan and occupied the positions of the colonial government moved into the official dormitories and residences built
1494:
has conducted annual polls on national identity since 1991. In 1991, 17.6% of respondents identified as
Taiwanese (臺灣人) only, 25.5% as Chinese (中國人) only, 46.4% as both, and 10.5% declining to state. In 2000, the numbers were 36.9% Taiwanese, 12.5% Chinese, 44.1% both and 6.5% declining. In 2008,
3283:
The new KMT concluded that it must "Sinicize" Taiwan if it were ever to unify mainland China. Textbooks were designed to teach young people the dialect of North China as a national language. Pupils also were taught to revere
Confucian ethics, to develop Han Chinese nationalism, and to accept Taiwan
2469:
The complete number of
Taiwanese Australians is unknown since the Australian Census only records foreign ethnicities for the first two generations (i.e. the number of 3rd-gen Taiwanese Australians and beyond is unknown). However, it is known that there are around 45,000–55,000 Taiwanese Australians
1487:
is often posed as either an exclusive
Taiwanese identity separate from Chinese national identity, or a Taiwanese identity within a pan-Chinese national identity. Since democratization, there has been an increase in those identifying exclusively as Taiwanese, with those identifying as Taiwanese and
3318:
Among the first things that the
Chinese government did after taking over Taiwan was first to "de-Japanize" and then to "Sinicize" Taiwanese culture. The cultural policies of Sinicizing Taiwan in the postwar period intensified when the Chinese Nationalist Party government lost the civil war against
2547:
A 2009 doctoral dissertation questions Lin's findings and claims that "the great number of Han immigrants after the 18th century is the main reason to consider that the early genetic contribution from Plains
Indigenes to Taiwanese Han has been largely diluted and no longer exists in any meaningful
1862:
Within the Taiwanese Han Hoklo community itself, differences in culture indicate the degree to which mixture with aboriginals took place, with most pure Hoklo Han in Northern Taiwan having almost no Aboriginal admixture, which is limited to Hoklo Han in Southern Taiwan. Plains aboriginals who were
1521:
In 2006, Wu Nai-teh of Academia Sinica said that "many Taiwanese are still confused about identity, and are easily affected by political, social, and economic circumstances." However, since then the sense of a collective Taiwanese identity has continued to increase despite fluctuations in support
1306:
The campaign saw resonance with the people of Taiwan and the term "Taiwanese" has been used by politicians of all parties to refer to the electorate in an effort to secure votes. The concept of a separate Taiwanese identity has become such an integral factor to the election culture in Taiwan, that
932:
Despite the wide use of the "four great ethnic groups" in public discourse as essentialized identities, the relationships between the peoples of Taiwan have been in a constant state of convergence and negotiation for centuries. According to Harrel and Huang, the distinction between non-aboriginal
1187:) based on the notion of race to separate and define groups of subjects. From within the group of "non-Japanese" the government divided Han citizens into "Han" and "Hakka" based on their perception of linguistic and cultural differences. The Japanese also maintained the Qing era classification of
1879:
and (Taiwanese) Hoklo, and the Aboriginal communities' effective KMT networks contribute to Aboriginal skepticism against the DPP and the Indigenous tendency to vote for the KMT. Some aboriginal representatives such as May Chin, also known as Kao Chin Su-mei, ridiculed the "Han-native" Taiwanese
1350:
as the national language and narratives of Han colonization of Taiwan. As a result, the Hoklo became more supportive of a multicultural policy that focused on equality of languages and ethnicty. However others were skeptical and said that the Hoklo do not have a strong ethnic identity since they
1867:
between "short-route" and "long-route". The ethnic identity of assimilated Plains Aboriginals in the immediate vicinity of Tainan was still known since a pure Hoklo Taiwanese girl was warned by her mother to stay away from them. The insulting name "fan" was used against Plains Aborigines by the
1610:
Migration to Taiwan from southern Asia began approximately 12,000 BC, but large-scale migration to Taiwan did not occur until the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century as a result of political and economic chaos in mainland China. The first large scale migration occurred as a result of the
1498:
From 2014 to 2018 and 2020 to 2022, the number of those identifying solely as "Taiwanese" declined. Researchers analysing this phenomenon found that the performance of the ruling political party influenced the way people identified.The study found that when the Democratic Progressive Party was
1261:
Under the KMT structure, "Taiwanese" became a strong "regional" identity. The term has often been used synonymously with "benshengren", a term which covered both Hokkien and Hakka whose ancestors arrived in Taiwan before the Japanese restrictions on immigration in 1895. "Taiwanese" was used in
2567:
found that the Taiwanese Han shared a common genetic background with Han Chinese populations worldwide but were quite distant from Taiwanese Austronesians. The Taiwanese Han Chinese clustered into three cline groups: 5% were of northern Han Chinese ancestry, 79.9% were of southern Han Chinese
2559:
The narrative of widespread intermarriage between Han men and indigenous women has also been challenged by Su-Jen Huang in a 2013 paper. According to Huang, intermarriage only involved a small minority of Han males. Historical sources only report men outnumbering women but not widespread
3976:
1517:
poll found that 68% of the respondents identify themselves as "Taiwanese" while 18% would call themselves "Chinese". In 2015, a poll conducted by the Taiwan Braintrust showed that about 90 percent of the population would identify themselves as Taiwanese rather than Chinese.
1495:
48.4% identified as Taiwanese, 4.0% as Chinese, 43.1% as both, and 4.5% declining. By 2016, 58.2% identified as Taiwanese, 3.4% as Chinese, 34.3% as both, and 4.1% declining. In 2020, 64.3% identified as Taiwanese, 2.6% as Chinese, 29.9% as both, and 3.2% declining.
1544:
In 2023 the LA Times wrote "Taiwan's odyssey to establish its distinct identity is manifold and complex. It won't be worldwide recognition of any single component of the culture, history, politics or food that accomplishes this but a combination of them all."
1499:
believed to have governed well, the number of people identifying solely as "Taiwanese" increased, and when the Kuomintang was believed to have governed well, the number of people expressing affiliation to a "Chinese and Taiwanese" identity increased.
876:") criteria and socio-cultural criteria. These standards are fluid and result from evolving social and political issues. The complexity resulting from competing and evolving standards is compounded by a larger dispute regarding Taiwan's identity, the
2596:. The study's conclusion was that the admixture event resulting in Island Southeast Asian (ISEA) ancestry likely occurred before the Han migration to Taiwan. Lin herself helped co-author this paper despite it contradicting her previous claims.
1039:
All people living in Taiwan (or originating from Taiwan) who identify with the "Taiwanese" nationality in some form or another, rather than with the "Chinese" nationality. These people have views which are generally aligned with those of the
1318:, the largest ethnic group in Taiwan, were allowed to articulate their own interests and the idea emerged that Taiwan should be built primarily as a Hoklo nation based on Hoklo identity and culture. They advocated for the replacement of
2024:. The job boom in the factories there has attracted an estimated 40,000 Burmese Chinese immigrants (c. 2008) which are 10% of the city's population. This is "believed to be the largest Burmese Chinese community outside of Burma."
1522:
for pro-independence political parties. This has been cited as evidence that the concept of Taiwanese identity is not the product of local political manipulation, but an actual phenomenon of ethnic and sociopolitical identities (
1965:
by the Japanese for civil servants. The ghettoization of mainlander communities exacerbated the divisions imagined by non-mainlander groups, and stymied cultural integration and assimilation into mainstream Taiwanese culture (
1880:
independence supporters, and advocated for unification. She criticized the Japanese colonial period, probably because of her blue-camp affiliation, but ignored the period of KMT rule under which the aboriginals also suffered.
1105:
Only Taiwanese Indigenous peoples, who have lived in Taiwan for up to 6000 years. This definition excludes all people groups who have settled in Taiwan in "recent" history (the past 1000 years), including the Han Chinese, the
1871:
The term "Chinese Formosans" has been used to imply Hoklo descendants, though this term has also been used to denote the Taiwanese people (whether of pure or mixed origin) in contrast to the Japanese and mountain aborigines.
1638:, rice, and sugar. However, Indigenous were not interested in developing the land and transporting settlers from Europe would be too costly. Due to the resulting labor shortage, the Dutch hired Han farmers from across the
1510:). Polls conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) in 2001 found that 70% of Taiwanese would support a name change of the country to Taiwan if the island could no longer be referred to as the Republic of China.
2575:
revealed that most Taiwanese Han had considerable proportions of Austronesian-related ancestry. However, this Austronesian-related ancestry was also observable in other Han Chinese populations in mainland China and among
2470:
who are 1st-gen or 2nd-gen, and these people currently comprise around 90–95% of Australia's ethnically-Taiwanese population. In modern times, Australians of Taiwanese descent are mostly concentrated around the cities of
2256:, one of eight officially-recognised political parties within China (PRC) which is ultimately subservient to the CCP. Many members of this party have been Taiwanese people residing in China (PRC), i.e. "mainland China".
1929:
and Hakka family names. Much of this happened in Taiwan prior to the Japanese colonization of Taiwan, so that by the time of the Japanese colonization, most of the population that the Japanese classified as "Chinese"
1175:). Only later did the Japanese attempt to incorporate Taiwanese into the Japanese identity as "loyal subjects", but the difference between the experience of the colonized and the colonizer polarized the two groups (
1868:
Taiwanese, and the Hoklo Taiwanese speech was forced upon Aborigines like the Pazeh. Hoklo Taiwanese has replaced Pazeh and driven it to near extinction. Aboriginal status has been requested by Plains Aboriginals.
4118:
The majority of the population is of Chinese origin. There are about 3000000 Chinese Formosans descended from immigrants from Fukien and a further 90000 Hakka whose ancestors fled from the mainland during the
2333:
2046:; ) is a group that consists of mainly new residents, originally from other nations, who have either migrated to Taiwan or inter-married with a local Taiwanese. The majority of new residents originated from
1035:
as well as other territories controlled by the Republic of China. Many of the people living in Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu are opposed to this definition, given that they view themselves as "Chinese from Fujian
3929:
6310:
4544:
2200:) started to open factories and moved into the Mainland China for its lower labor-costs and tax-deduction policies enacted by Chinese government towards Taiwanese. Thus, manufacture-intensive cities like
2533:
analysis demonstrated that 85% of the Taiwanese Han population had some degree of aboriginal origin. However, this study was criticised by other researchers and refuted by subsequent genetic studies.
1299:
With Taiwan's political liberalization in the 1970s and 1980s, encouraged by Taiwan's changing international status, the concept of a "Taiwanese people" became politicized by opponents of the KMT. The
2510:. The original migrations from China were male-dominated as they came as laborers under contract to the Dutch, so there is a belief in Taiwan that there was considerable intermarriage with women from
5633:
Lin, M.; Chu, C.-C.; Chang, S.-L.; Lee, H.-L.; Loo, J.-H.; Akaza, T.; Juji, T.; Ohashi, J.; Tokunaga, K. (2001), "The origin of Minnan and Hakka, the so-called "Taiwanese", inferred by HLA study",
1833:
It is possible to find families where the older members still identify themselves as lowland aborigine, while the rest of the family may identify as Hoklo. Among the Hoklo, the common idiom, "has
4945:
Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Yang, Jenn-Hwai; Chiang, Charleston W.K.; Hsiung, Chia-Ni; Wu, Pei-Ei; Chang, Li-Ching; Chu, Hou-Wei; Chang, Josh; Song, I-Wen; Yang, Show-Ling; Chen, Yuan-Tsong (2016-12-15).
1407:
The increasing number of marriages between Taiwanese and other countries creates a problem for the rigid definitions of ethnic identity used by both the ROC and the PRC when discussing Taiwan (
1387:
who regarded the KMT as an alien regime, it has remained an important factor in the dialectic between ethnic identities in Taiwan. Despite being adopted early on by former Provincial Governor
5002:
Lo, Yun-Hua; Cheng, Hsueh-Chien; Hsiung, Chia-Ni; Yang, Show-Ling; Wang, Han-Yu; Peng, Chia-Wei; Chen, Chun-Yu; Lin, Kung-Ping; Kang, Mei-Ling; Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Chu, Hou-Wei (2021-10-01).
2850:
2552:). It is important to mention that most Taiwanese Han descend from immigrants from southern China and that the southern Han Chinese people already have ancient Austronesian admixture (see
1215:(2L) celebrated his landslide victory (65.5%) in the first-time Taipei city mayoral election in January 1951 with his supporters. Taipei has been the capital of Taiwan since December 1949.
4597:
2217:
Historically, most Taiwanese people originated from China (under regimes before the PRC). Taiwanese people (of Chinese descent) have traveled between China and Taiwan throughout history.
1656:, steadily increased into the 18th and 19th century. In time, this migration and the gradual removal of ethnic markers (coupled with the acculturation, intermarriage and assimilation of
2536:
Not long after Lin's 2007 publication, several academics pointed out errors in Lin's statistical analysis, and questioned why some of her numbers contradicted each other. Subsequent
6376:
4575:
3044:
1752:
are known for their communities. In the 1990s, Taiwanese indigenous peoples, which had traditionally viewed themselves as separate groups, united under the singular ethnonym '
1591:(lit. extra-provincial person, sometimes translated "mainlander") Han subgroup includes and descends from the 1.2 million people who migrated to Taiwan from China between the
1830:
also adopted Chinese customs and language so as to be indistinguishable from the Han. Thus, many who categorize themselves as Hoklo have some degree of indigenous ancestry.
2409:
According to Census data from 2010, Taiwanese Americans have the highest education level of any ethnic group in the United States, if they are not classified together with
1934:
and "Chinese" Hakka were in truth already of mixed ancestry. Physical features of both Taiwanese aborigine and Chinese can be found amongst the Taiwanese mainstream today.
2544:
have come to the conclusion that Taiwanese Han people are primarily of mainland Chinese descent and have only very limited genetic mixture with the indigenous population.
1303:
deployed concepts of "Taiwanese identity" against the authoritarian KMT government, often using extreme tactics to build a short-term ethno-centric opposition to the KMT.
3995:
4297:
4513:
4335:
1663:
It was not until the Japanese arrival in 1895 that Taiwanese first developed a collective Taiwanese identity in contrast to that of the colonizing Japanese. When the
1227:(KMT) arrival, however, social conflict erupted in the midst of rampant government corruption, soaring inflation and an increasing flow of immigrants from China (see
6581:
4536:
1171:. This duality between "one" and "other" was evident in the seven years of violence between the Japanese and groups of united anti-Japanese Han and Aborigines (
3493:
4907:
1090:
descent (or various other ethnic ancestries) who historically colonized Taiwan or settled in Taiwan back when Taiwan was fully or partially controlled by the
7006:
4105:
1859:) refers how the Han people crossing the Taiwan Strait were mostly male, whereas their offspring would be through marriage with female Taiwanese aborigines.
6110:
3936:
4669:
6435:
6090:
4931:
4635:
3069:
2854:
2836:
2494:
The Hoklo and Hakka linguistic groups, which statistically make up the majority of Taiwan's population, can trace their historical and cultural roots to
1596:
1247:
831:
1063:. These people are commonly referred to as "Taiwanese Benshengren" within Taiwan (Republic of China), as opposed to "Taiwanese Waishengren" (which are
5698:
4611:
3633:
3303:
2483:
5605:
Lamley, Harry J. (1990). "Lineage Feuding in Southern Fujian and Eastern Guangdong under Qing Rule". In Lipman, Jonathan N.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.).
6758:
6738:
2253:
4482:
4049:
4020:
3696:
3665:
2611:
are not descendants of Han Chinese but rather descendants of Plains indigenous peoples; and therefore Taiwan should not be considered as part of a
6763:
6381:
6215:
5991:
4078:
2607:
based on genetics. Activists have used Lin's findings to argue the view that the majority of Taiwanese who did not descend from migrants from the
3121:
5515:
1985:
and their families supported the nationalists and embraced the official "culture" as their own, with "national culture" being taught in school (
6038:
4366:
3335:
3220:
929:(DPP) to defuse ethnic tensions, this concept has become a dominant frame of reference for dealing with Taiwanese ethnic and national issues.
7176:
6688:
6506:
6305:
5908:
5802:
Pietrusewsky, Michael (2000), "Metric Analysis of Skeletal Remains: Methods and Applications", in Katzenberg, Anne; Saunders, Shelly (eds.),
2686:
2329:
1478:
1180:
6085:
3371:
2982:
6798:
6516:
6440:
5533:
Fujii, Shozo (2006), "The Formation of Taiwanese Identity and the Policy of Outside Regimes", in Liao Ping-Hui; David Wang Der-Wei (eds.),
4607:
1675:
in 1945, there was another mass migration of people from mainland China to Taiwan fleeing the communists. These migrants are known as the
3957:
3529:
6593:
6393:
6388:
6269:
6247:
6180:
5259:(1999), "Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics", in E. Zeitoun; P.J.K Li (eds.),
4567:
2900:
861:
At least three competing (occasionally overlapping) paradigms are used to identify someone as a Taiwanese person: nationalist criteria,
4778:
How Han are Taiwanese Han? Genetic inference of Plains Indigenous ancestry among Taiwanese Han and its implications for Taiwan identity
3020:
6413:
6366:
5289:
4211:
3048:
2337:
1360:
1311::243–249). These political reforms have since been credited with the renewal of interest in Taiwanese history, culture, and identity.
1032:
1012:
847:
835:
5049:
3267:
6598:
6334:
6176:
6045:
5890:
5854:
5820:
5793:
5729:
5614:
5578:
5509:
5402:
5384:
5358:
5340:
5307:
5268:
5247:
5226:
5161:
4237:
4183:
3912:
3401:
2367:
986:
964:
116:
50:
6496:
4947:"Population structure of Han Chinese in the modern Taiwanese population based on 10,000 participants in the Taiwan Biobank project"
4812:
2324:
Japanese people tend to have positive views towards Taiwanese people due to shared history, shared culture, shared values, and the
5125:
1513:
The discrepancy in identity becomes larger when polls only give the two options of "Taiwanese" versus "Chinese". In June 2008, a
6643:
6371:
6288:
6004:
3602:
2208:
had aggregated a significant amount of Taiwanese population, mostly Taishang and their families since then. In November 2014 the
1235::8–9). Recurrent violent suppression of dissent also played an important role in enforcing a separate sense of "Taiwanese-ness" (
5202:
4202:
2541:
2305:, both officially and socially, and is quite close to the local Japanese population. However, controversies have arisen due to
1989:). The mainlanders used their embrace of Nationalist culture to identify themselves as the authentic Chinese people of Taiwan.
1447:
A passport issued by the Republic of China, with the word "Taiwan" in Latin script on the cover, but without the corresponding
97:
1634:
in southern Taiwan after expelling the Spanish. The Dutch soon realized Taiwan's potential as a colony for trading deer hide,
7026:
6349:
6220:
5317:
3941:
2719:
2145:
2141:
1838:
1167:
In the face of the Japanese colonial hierarchy, the people of Taiwan were faced with the unequal binary relationship between
968:
709:
590:
413:
69:
54:
4833:
Li, Dongna; Li, Hui; Ou, Caiying; Lu, Yan; Sun, Yuantian; Yang, Bo; Qin, Zhendong; Zhou, Zhenjian; Li, Shilin (2008-05-14).
4293:
921:(or "mainlanders"). Although the concept of the "four great ethnic groups" was alleged to be the deliberate attempt by the
5947:
Wu, David Y.H (2002), "The Construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese Identities", in Susan D. Blum; Lionel M. Jenson (eds.),
4505:
4323:
3095:
1960:
immigrants (and sometimes also their descendants) who followed the KMT to Taiwan between 1945 and 1950. The descendants of
6748:
6633:
6566:
6418:
6171:
6028:
4417:
4392:
2161:
772:
725:
659:
429:
5096:
4782:
3727:
2814:
2252:
prior to the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The failed party would later evolve into the
6793:
6663:
6531:
3525:
2641:
2600:
2218:
2079:
1876:
1710:
1688:
1660:
with the Han) resulted in the widespread adoption of Han patterns of behavior making Taiwanese Han the ethnic majority.
1604:
1503:
1491:
1472:
1343:
1231:). The latter were preferred for jobs in the civil service as opposed to Taiwanese who were regarded as "untrustworthy"(
1068:
926:
904:
886:
531:
390:
76:
4598:"ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS"
6588:
6491:
6225:
6200:
5984:
4602:
2511:
1827:
1657:
487:
3750:
2930:
2325:
1254:
intended to eventually return to mainland China and retake control of it. In order to do this, the KMT attempted to "
5175:"The Rise and Fall of Dutch Taiwan, 1624-1662: Cooperative Colonization and the Statist Model of European Expansion"
3973:
3482:
7084:
7036:
6668:
6618:
6605:
6511:
6354:
6080:
4900:
2283:
1060:
877:
1195::8), which to the Japanese embodied the social ramification of ethnic origin and perceived loyalty to the empire (
957:
83:
43:
7245:
7016:
6989:
6984:
6344:
6190:
6151:
5765:
4099:
3284:
as a part of China.Systematic genocide and destruction of non-Chinese ethnicities were commonplace in this period
2681:
2245:
1183:" was utilized as a tool to confirm and facilitate Japanese political policies. A system of household registers (
1008:
819:
799:
4310:
Other top sources of Taiwan's newest citizens were Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia, in that order.
3425:
1295:
became the first president of the Republic of China to be born in Taiwan. He was democratically elected in 1996.
6752:
6678:
6501:
6428:
6210:
6205:
6156:
4673:
4126:, the population quoted was valid circa 1905 to 1915. By 1967, the population had already surpassed 13 million.
2314:
2313:, since Japan doesn't technically recognise the Republic of China on Taiwan as a legitimate country, and since
1672:
1627:
1443:
1331:
1219:
In 1945, the Taiwanese faced a new unequal binary relationship when Taiwan entered the political sphere of the
1067:
who migrated to Taiwan after 1945, as well as their descendants). This definition can also include the various
4632:
4174:
Damm, Jens (2012). "Multiculturalism in Taiwan and the Influence of Europe". In Damm, Jens; Lim, Paul (eds.).
5596:
Lamley, Harry (1981), "Sub Ethnic Rivalry in the Ch'ing Period", in Ahern, Emily Martin; Gates, Hill (eds.),
4414:"Foreign Workers for Special Professions or Technical Assignments by Permit Authority Agency and Nationality"
2298:", whose invention has been praised by Japanese people as one of the country's greatest national inventions.
1863:
mixed and assimilated into the Hoklo Han population at different stages were differentiated by the historian
1729:. Their ancestors are believed to have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major
65:
7124:
6949:
6683:
6576:
6300:
6195:
6166:
2526:
2302:
2265:
2249:
2001:
1722:
1649:
5662:
3624:
3296:
1488:
Chinese nationals have fallen and those exclusively identifying as Chinese nationals have almost vanished.
7011:
6974:
6780:
6559:
6461:
6456:
6322:
6070:
5977:
4123:
2646:
2171:
2078:, and the Indigenous communities' effective KMT networks, contribute to Indigenous skepticism against the
2005:
1819:
569:
5872:
Stone, Anne C (2002), "Ancient DNA from Skeletal Remains", in Katzenberg, Anne; Saunders, Shelly (eds.),
4438:
Gunter Schubert (2013). "Assessing political agency across the Taiwan Strait: The case of the taishang".
3992:
2394:, there are 230,382 to 919,000 people of Taiwanese descent living there. They are mostly concentrated in
2343:'s administration. This is one major reason why Japanese people tend to have favourable views of Taiwan.
7169:
7134:
6648:
6554:
6549:
6526:
6327:
6185:
6105:
6100:
4474:
4041:
4012:
3688:
3657:
3392:
Edmondson, Robert (2002). "The February 28 Incident and National Identity". In Corcuff, Stéphane (ed.).
2676:
2454:
2222:
1534:
1468:
1380:
1132:
327:
4070:
2160:
but are of Taiwanese ancestry or descent. Overseas Taiwanese may live in other territories such as the
5881:
Stainton, Michael (1999), "The Politics of Taiwan Aboriginal Origins", in Murray A. Rubinstein (ed.),
3136:
7129:
7104:
7001:
6295:
6033:
5496:
5477:
Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars, Washington, D.C., July 17
5423:
5217:
Bellwood, Peter (2000), "Formosan Pre-History and Austronesian Dispersal", in Blundell, David (ed.),
4846:
4728:
2589:
2577:
2464:
2306:
1993:
1823:
1506:, over 50% of the respondents considered themselves "Taiwanese" only, up from less than 20% in 1991 (
1368:
1228:
1188:
1072:
901:
385:
4652:
4358:
1159:
7059:
7021:
6996:
6860:
6832:
6471:
6466:
6317:
6161:
6134:
6075:
6065:
3331:
3210:
2460:
2422:
2379:
2351:
2279:
1327:
1045:
1041:
890:
866:
827:
164:
7206:
1850:
1693:
758:
645:
7139:
7094:
6927:
6840:
6658:
6628:
6274:
6252:
5690:
5439:
5194:
4752:
4455:
4274:
4153:
3375:
2976:
2851:"PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2732:
2656:
2604:
2126:
1961:
1592:
1212:
1049:
871:
807:
626:
618:
362:
309:
294:
5589:
Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Identity Based Movement of Plains Indinenous in Taiwan
5375:
Corcuff, Stéphane (2002), "Taiwan's "Mainlanders", New Taiwanese?", in Stéphane Corcuff (ed.),
2515:
1573:
in large numbers starting in the 17th century. A significant minority of the Han group are the
1553:
7223:
7144:
7074:
7051:
6954:
6932:
6922:
6895:
6890:
6719:
6673:
6610:
6571:
6541:
6404:
6257:
6050:
6017:
5904:
5886:
5850:
5816:
5789:
5738:
Marsh, Robert (2002), "National Identity and Ethnicity in Taiwan", in Stephane Corcuff (ed.),
5725:
5682:
5650:
5610:
5574:
5542:
Gates, Hill (1981), "Ethnicity and Social Class", in Ahern, Emily Martin; Gates, Hill (eds.),
5505:
5447:
5411:
5398:
5380:
5354:
5336:
5303:
5285:
5264:
5243:
5222:
5157:
5041:
5023:
4984:
4966:
4925:
4882:
4864:
4744:
4233:
4179:
3954:
3908:
3755:
3517:
3397:
3063:
2830:
2746:
2608:
2530:
2428:
2410:
2385:
2318:
1799:
1702:
1664:
1600:
1484:
1243:
1124:
1120:
823:
803:
683:
553:
545:
299:
90:
3571:
2890:
896:
According to government figures, over 95% of Taiwan's population of 23.4 million consists of
7149:
7069:
6865:
6743:
6730:
6638:
6623:
6361:
5717:
5674:
5642:
5431:
5277:
5186:
5031:
5015:
4974:
4958:
4872:
4854:
4736:
4713:
4447:
4266:
4145:
3579:
3010:
2585:
2438:
2399:
2132:
2017:
1982:
1864:
1676:
1577:, who comprise about 15% of the total population. The Hakkas emigrated chiefly from eastern
1319:
1300:
1064:
815:
452:
5813:
Between Assimilation and Independence: The Taiwanese Encounter Nationalist China, 1945-1950
2214:
cited an estimate of 1 million Taiwanese living within China (PRC), i.e. "mainland China".
7199:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7089:
7041:
6979:
6937:
6900:
6885:
6875:
6870:
6850:
6815:
6810:
6486:
6423:
6060:
5917:
5747:
Martin, Howard (1996), "The Hakka Ethnic Movement in Taiwan", in Constable, Nicole (ed.),
5455:
4639:
4206:
3999:
3980:
3961:
3271:
2691:
2671:
2363:
2271:
2230:
2071:
1997:
1771:
1706:
1464:
1251:
1091:
1079:
1016:
922:
843:
716:
517:
420:
304:
5646:
1898:
Taiwan's Hakka people descend largely from Hakka who migrated from southern and northern
1426:
501:
5483:
Ebrey, Patricia (1996), "Surnames and Han Chinese Identity", in Melissa J. Brown (ed.),
5427:
4850:
4804:
4732:
3570:
Wang, Austin Horng-En; Yeh, Yao-Yuan; Wu, Charles K.S.; Chen, Fang-Yu (April 21, 2023).
17:
7159:
7099:
7078:
7031:
6880:
6855:
6653:
6476:
6283:
5838:
5492:
5121:
5082:
5036:
4979:
4946:
4877:
4835:"Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia"
4834:
4331:
2757:
2520:
2355:
2295:
1834:
1718:
1631:
1288:
1099:
822:. The term generally applies to inhabitants on the island of Taiwan who share a common
680:
3598:
2094:
7239:
7211:
7164:
7064:
6942:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6845:
6805:
6339:
6095:
6055:
5777:
5282:
Is Taiwan Chinese?: The Impact of Culture, Power and Migration of Changing Identities
5198:
5170:
4459:
4278:
4254:
2768:
2651:
2632:
2612:
2499:
2391:
2291:
2021:
1943:
1889:
1777:
1639:
1582:
1448:
1335:
1107:
1028:
1024:
897:
855:
562:
380:
5963:
5694:
5261:
Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics
5174:
4756:
4199:
1607:
comprises about 2.3% of the population and have inhabited the island for millennia.
5782:
5256:
5235:
3215:
2666:
2661:
2593:
2581:
2340:
2290:, many Taiwanese people have been living in Japan for several generations, such as
2226:
2210:
2075:
1978:
1974:
1931:
1926:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1787:
1781:
1749:
1745:
1620:
1616:
1574:
1566:
1561:
According to governmental statistics, over 95% of Taiwan's 23.4 million people are
1538:
1460:
1456:
1392:
1364:
1339:
1323:
1315:
1292:
1128:
1095:
1083:
912:
908:
862:
748:
635:
459:
352:
337:
5323:
2225:
was signed, with Taiwan (previously a Chinese province/prefecture) being ceded by
1338:
as representative of culture. This was opposed by other ethnic groups such as the
5678:
4859:
3907:(Chinese-English bilingual ed.). Nantou City: Taiwan Historica. p. 52.
2370:
outside of Taiwan/China), was also born to a Japanese mother and Chinese father.
6820:
5758:
Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and The Search for a New Taiwan
3394:
Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan
3087:
2537:
2059:
1947:
1844:
1733:
1730:
1714:
1587:
1562:
1388:
1264:
1056:
946:
917:
811:
701:
673:
32:
4413:
4388:
6521:
5712:
Makeham, John (2005), "Introduction", in Makeham, John; Hsiau, A-chin (eds.),
5086:
4776:
4416:. Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor Republic of China (Taiwan).
4391:. Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor Republic of China (Taiwan).
3719:
3583:
2810:
2622:
2395:
2234:
1741:
1668:
1395:(1999), the term has since been dropped from contemporary political rhetoric (
1224:
5027:
5019:
4970:
4868:
4451:
3552:
5714:
Cultural, Ethnic, and Political Nationalism in Contemporary Taiwan: Bentuhua
4740:
4389:"Foreign Workers in Productive Industries and Social Welfare by Nationality"
2507:
2475:
2286:". Due to this period of close administrative connection between Taiwan and
2051:
1918:
1899:
1807:
1578:
1307:
identifying as a Taiwanese has become essential to being elected in Taiwan (
1087:
583:
357:
5686:
5654:
5626:
When the Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Ta-Pa-Ni Incident in Colonial Taiwan
5459:
5451:
5367:
Corcuff, Stéphane (2000), "Taiwan's "Mainlanders": A New Ethnic Category",
5045:
4988:
4886:
4748:
5721:
5190:
4270:
3751:"'Made in Taiwan' is the cookbook that couldn't have existed 20 years ago"
2924:
1818:). The Hoklos account for about 70% of the total population today. During
7154:
6481:
5901:
Taiwan's Imagined Geography:Chinese Travel Writing and Pictures 1683-1895
5003:
4962:
3417:
3015:[Statistical Yearbook of the Overseas Community Affairs Council]
2895:[Statistical Yearbook of the Overseas Community Affairs Council]
2471:
2359:
2310:
2301:
The Taiwanese community in Japan tends to be treated separately from the
2205:
2196:
2189:
2176:
2055:
1957:
1803:
1255:
604:
473:
332:
3347:...efforts of the government of Chiang Kai-shek to resinicize the island
5535:
Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945:History, Culture, Memory
5443:
5004:"Detecting Genetic Ancestry and Adaptation in the Taiwanese Han People"
4157:
4136:
Gordon, Leonard (May 1968). "American Planning for Taiwan, 1942-1945".
2495:
2442:
2347:
2238:
2201:
2047:
1726:
1645:
1635:
1347:
971: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
882:
755:
642:
5331:
Constable, Nicole (1996), "Introduction", in Constable, Nicole (ed.),
2599:
Nevertheless, Lin's early research has been continuously used by many
1078:
All people who have historically lived in Taiwan, including people of
6000:
4215:
3720:"'We are Taiwan': French documentary tracks shifting Taiwan identity"
3122:"An Examination of Cultural Identity of Residents of Quemoy (Kinmen)"
2735:
2553:
2503:
2502:
speaking peoples from China, predominantly the southern provinces of
2479:
2434:
2275:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2037:
1922:
1815:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1653:
1612:
1570:
1416:
1220:
1184:
1168:
1052:(which includes most of the inhabitants of Kinmen, Matsu, and Wuqiu).
1020:
851:
839:
342:
5966:, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State
5435:
5395:
A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology
4149:
3297:"Cultural, Ethnic, And Political Nationalism In Contemporary Taiwan"
5219:
Austronesian Taiwan: Linguistics, History, Ethnology and Prehistory
3553:"Why is the number of people identifying as 'Taiwanese' declining?"
1917:
communities, although arriving to Taiwan from mountains of eastern
5969:
4169:
4167:
2403:
2287:
2170:
1692:
1552:
1442:
1287:
1206:
5865:
Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier 1600-1800
5740:
Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and A New Taiwan
4324:"Foreign, mainland spouses of locals to be called 'new residents"
4013:"Pazeh writers get awards for preserving language - Taipei Times"
1585:, and originally took up residence in hilly areas. The so-called
5903:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Harvard University Asia Center,
5377:
Memories of the Future:National Identity Issues and A New Taiwan
1992:
In addition to the Han people, there were also small numbers of
1652:
in which he expelled the Dutch. Migration of male laborers from
1514:
838:
of the government were limited to the main island of Taiwan and
6705:
6242:
6129:
6015:
5973:
4537:"Renho nationality accusations spur debate on dual citizenship"
4071:"Pingpu activists demand government recognition - Taipei Times"
3658:"Support for Taiwanese independence, identity: think tank poll"
1003:" has multiple meanings and can refer to one of the following:
933:
Taiwanese groups are "no longer definitive in cultural terms".
5319:
Statistics of Indigenous Population in Taiwan and Fukien Areas
4475:"2014 ELECTIONS: Chinese officials aiding KMT voters: sources"
2089:
940:
688:
26:
5784:
A Taste of Freedom: Memoirs of a Formosan Independence Leader
3483:"Gender Imbalances and the Twisted Marriage Market in Taiwan"
2354:
in Taiwan, was born to a Japanese mother and Chinese father.
777:
763:
664:
650:
2540:
studies using large sample sizes and comparing thousands of
5949:
China Off Center: Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom
5716:(1 ed.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–14,
5560:
Harrell, Stevan; Huang, Chun-chieh (1994), "Introduction",
4805:"DNA Analysis Reveals Taiwanese Have Ancestors on Mainland"
4255:"Negotiating Ethnicity: Burmese Chinese Migrants in Taiwan"
3814:
3812:
3799:
3797:
828:
Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, or indigenous Taiwanese languages
5475:
Dreyer, June Teufel (2003), "Taiwan's Evolving Identity",
5788:, Chicago, New York, London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
4695:
4693:
3211:"Cases of mistaken identity perplexing Lienchiang County"
1623:, which was established in 1644 and remained until 1911.
623:
609:
595:
5284:, Berkeley, California: University of California Press,
5221:, Berkeley, California: University of California Press,
4506:"Instant Ramen Is Japan's Greatest Invention Says Japan"
1981:
of Taiwan, who felt excluded by the new government, the
1367:
in 1995 to bridge the ethnic cleavage that followed the
814:. The term also refers to natives or inhabitants of the
5607:
Violence in China: Essays in Culture and Counterculture
2106:
2082:(DPP) and the Indigenous tendency to vote for the KMT.
1371:
of 1947 and characterized the frigid relations between
5663:"Aboriginal Fractions: Enumerating Identity in Taiwan"
5353:(Fourth ed.), Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press,
4642:, Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, Taiwan, 2010
2772:
2739:
2184:
Taiwanese living in China (People's Republic of China)
1565:, of which the majority includes descendants of early
907:. The Han are often divided into three subgroups: the
3718:
Ting-hsuan, Tseng; Yen-hsiang, Chao (28 March 2023).
2750:
2221:
also have a minor presence in China (PRC). After the
2144:: 海外臺灣人), also called "people of Taiwanese descent" (
1359:
The term "New Taiwanese" (新臺灣人) was coined by former
550:
536:
522:
506:
492:
478:
464:
1648:
brought along many more Chinese settlers during the
1642:
who fled the Manchu invasion of Ming dynasty China.
1015:. This definition includes people living outside of
7050:
6967:
6831:
6779:
6772:
6729:
6540:
6449:
6402:
6267:
6144:
5414:(1903), "The Island of Formosa, Past and Present",
4042:"Pazeh poets honored at ceremony - Taipei Times we"
2270:From 1895 until 1945, Taiwan was controlled by the
2194:
Starting the 1980s, some Taiwanese businesspeople (
1541:explored the current state of Taiwanese identity.
1391:(1997) and later by, then Taipei mayoral candidate
771:
754:
747:
742:
724:
708:
700:
679:
672:
658:
641:
634:
617:
603:
589:
582:
574:
568:
561:
544:
530:
516:
500:
486:
472:
458:
451:
446:
428:
412:
403:
371:
318:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
213:
205:
197:
189:
181:
173:
163:
155:
150:
140:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5781:
5609:. Albany, New York: State University of New York.
4104:. Vol. 3. Pergamon Press. 1967. p. 438.
3019:. Overseas Community Affairs Council. 2011-09-01.
2899:. Overseas Community Affairs Council. 2017-09-01.
2070:The deep-rooted hostility between Indigenous and (
5942:, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press
5931:The Political Socialization of Children in Taiwan
3396:. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 34–42.
2952:"Places of Birth, 2011 National Household Survey"
2336:, donating US$ 252 million in combined aid under
1615:invasion and conquest of China, overthrowing the
5756:Morris, Andrew (2002), Corcuff, Stephane (ed.),
1802:and mostly originated from Fujian (specifically
1603:in 1949. The non-Han Austronesian population of
5749:Guest People:Hakka Identity in China and Abroad
5553:Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers
5333:Guest People:Hakka Identity in China and Abroad
5316:Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan,
3518:"Taiwanese / Chinese Identity(1992/06~2020/12)"
2309:of ethnic-Taiwanese politicians in Japan, e.g.
1019:, including the peoples of the archipelagos of
5122:"The Siraya's Fight for Recognition in Taiwan"
1322:, removal of geography lessons focused on the
1314:After the lifting of martial law in 1987, the
1048:and whose views are aligned with those of the
1044:. This definition excludes people who support
846:in 1945, along with a few outlying islands in
5985:
5922:Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization
5874:Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton
5804:Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton
2724:
2241:community of Taiwanese in China was created.
1753:
1061:life under Japanese colonial rule (in Taiwan)
842:, whose administration were transferred from
730:
714:
434:
418:
8:
5397:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
3319:the Red Army and retreated to Taiwan in 1949
3196:
3081:
3079:
135:
5571:Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism
5485:Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan
5335:, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
5263:, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 31–94,
3937:Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan
2761:
2334:the most prominent humanitarian contributor
1709:. They speak languages that belongs to the
1013:the Taiwan (+ Streamlined Fujian) Free Area
1007:All citizens of the Republic of China with
6776:
6702:
6239:
6126:
6012:
5992:
5978:
5970:
5422:(4), London and New York: Macmillan: 452,
4712:The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium (2009).
4232:. Cambridge University Press. p. 66.
3818:
3803:
3788:
3776:
3115:
3113:
2981:. Ministry of Justice, Japan. 2016-12-01.
2433:There are over 91,000 Taiwanese people in
1557:"Beauty of Taiwan" per caption, circa 1900
739:
443:
134:
5751:, Seattle: University of Washington Press
5555:, Seattle: University of Washington Press
5116:
5114:
5035:
4978:
4876:
4858:
4714:"Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia"
3418:"New National Identity Emerges in Taiwan"
1196:
987:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
5938:Wolf, Arthur; Huang, Chieh-shan (1980),
5933:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press
3890:
3842:
3830:
3358:
2348:Zheng Cheng-gong (also known as Koxinga)
2254:Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League
2156:), are people who are living outside of
1759:
1721:closely related to the ethnic groups of
1697:A group of Taiwanese indigenous children
1232:
1158:
1148:
3866:
3184:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2802:
2709:
2016:Burmese Chinese have settled mostly in
1970:
1599:following the communist victory in the
1523:
1431:
1408:
1396:
1308:
5628:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
4930:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4923:
4473:Shih, Hsiao-kuang (16 November 2014).
4178:. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. p. 95.
3878:
3253:
3160:
3088:"Study explores the 'Kinmen Identity'"
3068:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3061:
2835:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2828:
2066:Enmity between ethnic groups on Taiwan
1986:
1507:
1163:Taiwanese in the Japanese colonial era
1144:
1140:
1136:
625:
552:
400:
6507:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
5598:The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society
5544:The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society
5537:, New York: Columbia University Press
5470:, Berkeley: Stanford University Press
5468:The Discourse of Race in Modern China
4781:(Ph.D. thesis). Stanford University.
4770:
4768:
4766:
4485:from the original on 29 November 2014
4369:from the original on 3 September 2017
3854:
3172:
2687:National identification card (Taiwan)
2549:
1966:
1737:
1701:Taiwanese indigenous peoples are the
1630:established an outpost in modern-day
1527:
1479:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
1236:
1192:
1176:
7:
6517:Special non-state-to-state relations
5951:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press
5647:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057003192.x
5487:, Berkeley: University of California
5242:, Amsterdam: John Benjamin's Press,
4785:from the original on 14 October 2013
4608:United States Department of Commerce
4578:from the original on January 8, 2019
4535:Shusuke, Murai (September 7, 2016).
4338:from the original on 21 January 2021
3576:Journal of Asian and African Studies
3469:
3457:
3445:
3270:. Hoover Institution. Archived from
3241:
3098:from the original on 4 November 2011
2437:, mainly living in the provinces of
2315:Japan doesn't allow dual-citizenship
1172:
1131:'s ceding of Taiwan to Japan in the
969:adding citations to reliable sources
151:Regions with significant populations
55:adding citations to reliable sources
5564:, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press
5498:The Republic of China Yearbook 2014
5369:China Perspectives no.28 April–June
5128:from the original on 20 August 2022
5099:from the original on 22 August 2009
5069:
4699:
4568:"Intricate bonds behind Taiwan aid"
4547:from the original on April 21, 2020
3572:"Why does Taiwan Identity decline?"
3129:Intercultural Communication Studies
2374:Taiwanese Americans (United States)
2326:close ties between Taiwan and Japan
1439:Current state of Taiwanese identity
1119:The earliest notion of a Taiwanese
1033:Fujian Province (Republic of China)
1017:Taiwan Province (Republic of China)
5770:Chinese:Cambridge Language Surveys
4300:from the original on 27 April 2017
4212:Overseas Community Affairs Council
3730:from the original on 29 March 2023
3689:"'Taiwan identity' growing: study"
3668:from the original on 13 April 2016
3223:from the original on 16 March 2009
3086:di Genova, Trista (11 July 2007).
2817:from the original on 29 March 2014
2482:, with significant populations in
2330:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2183:
1875:The deep-rooted hostility between
1537:" (French for "We are Taiwan") by
1361:President of the Republic of China
832:ROC government's retreat to Taiwan
25:
5562:Cultural Change in Postwar Taiwan
5504:. Government Information Office.
5351:Taiwan: Nation State or Province?
4516:from the original on June 7, 2019
4357:Chou, Christine (21 April 2017).
4228:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021).
3940:]. (in Chinese and Hokkien).
3532:from the original on 6 March 2021
3266:Myers, Ramon H.; Hsiao-ting Lin.
2954:. Statistics Canada. 2013-05-08.
2929:. United Daily News. 2019-12-17.
2725:
1856:Ū Tn̂g-soaⁿ kong, bô Tn̂g-soaⁿ má
1115:The history of Taiwanese identity
1059:descent) whose ancestors endured
806:(ROC) and those who reside in an
7217:
7205:
7194:
7193:
6436:List of administrative divisions
5154:Tiawans cultures and communities
4294:"Say hello to the new Taiwanese"
3699:from the original on 15 May 2012
3551:Thomson, Jono (March 16, 2023).
2625:
2248:was closely affiliated with the
2093:
1902:to Taiwan around the end of the
1055:All people living in Taiwan (of
945:
31:
7218:
5701:from the original on 2021-06-24
5521:from the original on 2017-08-20
5205:from the original on 2021-06-02
5052:from the original on 2023-04-11
5008:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4913:from the original on 2023-03-05
4815:from the original on 2016-10-24
4420:from the original on 2018-09-05
4395:from the original on 2018-09-02
4176:European perspectives on Taiwan
4108:from the original on 1 May 2016
4081:from the original on 2016-08-12
4052:from the original on 2016-03-03
4023:from the original on 2016-03-03
3639:from the original on 2008-06-26
3605:from the original on 7 May 2021
3597:Michael Bristow (17 May 2002).
3499:from the original on 2009-01-07
3428:from the original on 2009-02-10
3338:from the original on 2014-07-26
3309:from the original on 2015-09-24
3026:from the original on 2016-02-15
2985:from the original on 2017-05-24
2958:from the original on 2016-05-13
2933:from the original on 2020-02-07
2906:from the original on 2017-10-16
2773:
2762:
2751:
2740:
2542:single nucleotide polymorphisms
1855:
1042:Pan-Green (Political) Coalition
956:needs additional citations for
778:
764:
689:
665:
651:
624:
610:
596:
575:
129:Citizens or residents of Taiwan
42:needs additional citations for
5940:Marriage and Adoption in China
5885:, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc,
5393:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1999),
4504:Kaufman, Noah (July 7, 2015).
2366:(arguably the most well-known
2042:
1842:
1549:Major socio-cultural subgroups
1421:
1050:Pan-Blue (Political) Coalition
830:as a mother tongue. After the
731:
715:
551:
537:
523:
507:
493:
479:
465:
435:
419:
310:Indigenous Taiwanese languages
1:
6029:Timeline of Taiwanese history
5815:, Stanford University Press,
5551:Harrell, Stevan, ed. (1995),
4633:Numbers of Overseas Taiwanese
4566:Ko, Shu-ling (May 21, 2011).
3942:Ministry of Education, R.O.C.
3905:The Concise History of Taiwan
3749:Lin, Eddie (31 August 2023).
3687:Chang, Rich (12 March 2006).
3209:Huang, Sandy (6 April 2003).
2484:other major Australian cities
2250:Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
1837:father, no Tangshan mother" (
1223:(ROC). Shortly following the
1191:as either "raw" or "cooked" (
836:actual-controlled territories
6794:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
6532:Taiwan independence movement
5876:, New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
5811:Phillips, Steven E. (2003),
5806:, New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
5772:, Cambridge University Press
5679:10.1080/01459740.2011.630333
4860:10.1371/journal.pone.0002168
4670:"CIC Facts and Figures 2009"
4653:"CIC Facts and Figures 2003"
4292:News staff (23 April 2017).
3526:National Chengchi University
3135:(1): 136–137. Archived from
2642:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
2368:Taiwanese and ROC politician
2219:Taiwanese Indigenous peoples
2080:Democratic Progressive Party
1877:Taiwanese Indigenous peoples
1711:Austronesian language family
1689:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
1605:Taiwanese Indigenous peoples
1569:immigrants who arrived from
1504:Democratic Progressive Party
1492:National Chengchi University
1473:Taiwan independence movement
1344:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
1069:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
927:Democratic Progressive Party
905:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
391:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
6689:Water supply and sanitation
5929:Wilson, Richard W. (1970),
5867:, Stanford University Press
5600:, Stanford University Press
5591:, New York: Routledge Press
5573:, London: Routledge Press,
5546:, Stanford University Press
5152:Anderson, Benedict (1983),
4603:United States Census Bureau
4253:Hsin-chun Tasaw Lu (2008).
4230:The Great Exodus from China
2853:. US Census. Archived from
2032:Taiwan Hsin Chu-min (臺灣新住民
2028:New residents or immigrants
1758:' or 'Indigenous peoples' (
1736:began in the 17th century (
1595:in 1945 to the Nationalist
865:(including the concept of "
7262:
7007:Inventions and discoveries
6512:Political status of Taiwan
6081:Taiwan under Japanese rule
5899:Teng, Emma Jinhua (2004),
4322:News staff (22 May 2012).
4296:. Taiwan: The China Post.
3599:"Taiwan's identity crisis"
3586:– via Sage Journals.
3197:Harrell & Huang (1994)
2720:Traditional Chinese script
2458:
2452:
2426:
2420:
2383:
2377:
2263:
2187:
2162:People's Republic of China
2130:
2124:
2036:"New Residents in Taiwan"
1941:
1887:
1775:
1769:
1686:
1476:
1454:
1415:"New Residents in Taiwan"
1330:, historical focus on the
1211:Non-Kuomintang politician
878:political status of Taiwan
7189:
6701:
6238:
6125:
6024:
6011:
5863:Shepherd, John R (1993),
5661:Liu, Jennifer A. (2012),
5302:, London, UK: Routledge,
4138:Pacific Historical Review
3584:10.1177/00219096231168068
3268:"Starting Anew on Taiwan"
2704:Words in native languages
2682:Taiwanese nationality law
2512:Plains indigenous peoples
2246:Taiwanese Communist Party
2175:Chinese Taipei School in
1906:and the beginning of the
1754:
1346:who fought against using
1179::70–73). The concept of "
1123:emerged in the form of a
789:
738:
442:
408:
376:
323:
290:
145:
6502:One Country on Each Side
6414:Administrative divisions
5842:
5466:Dikotter, Frank (1992),
5416:The Geographical Journal
5240:Austronesian Root Theory
5179:Journal of World History
5087:
4951:Human Molecular Genetics
4452:10.1177/0920203X12470319
4259:Journal of Burma Studies
4101:Chambers's Encyclopaedia
3930:
3625:
3332:"Searching for the Past"
3011:
2977:
2926:這兩大因素影響 去年赴中國工作人數創近11年新低
2925:
2891:
2164:and are not necessarily
1628:Dutch East India Company
1332:Second Sino-Japanese War
1280:(Mountain Compatriots).
937:Definitions of Taiwanese
891:Cross-Strait Unification
710:Traditional Chinese
414:Traditional Chinese
18:Burmese people in Taiwan
6684:Uniform Invoice lottery
6599:State-owned enterprises
6372:Office of the President
5924:, New York: M.E. Sharpe
5760:, New York: M.E. Sharpe
5379:, London: M.E. Sharpe,
5300:The Location of Culture
5298:Bhabha, Homi K (1994),
4741:10.1126/science.1177074
3120:Wei, Jian-Feng (2006).
2527:human leukocyte antigen
2303:Chinese (PRC) community
2296:instant ramen (noodles)
2266:Chinese people in Japan
2008:among the Waishengren.
1723:Maritime Southeast Asia
1669:Kuomintang nationalists
1650:Siege of Fort Zeelandia
1073:ethnically Austronesian
1031:, collectively part of
726:Simplified Chinese
430:Simplified Chinese
6644:Semiconductor industry
6462:Cross-Strait relations
6419:Special municipalities
6071:Taiwan under Qing rule
5569:Hsiau, A-Chin (2005),
5020:10.1093/molbev/msaa276
4775:Chen, Shu-Juo (2009).
4610:. 2011. Archived from
4124:Demographics of Taiwan
3903:Tai, Pao-tsun (2007).
2647:Demographics of Taiwan
2601:Taiwanese independence
2514:. In 2007, a study by
2350:, who established the
2180:
1822:, some Hoklo men took
1713:, and are culturally,
1698:
1558:
1533:The 2023 documentary "
1502:In a 2002 poll by the
1452:
1379:during forty years of
1296:
1216:
1164:
1009:household registration
820:its associated islands
800:citizens and nationals
328:Chinese folk religions
6527:Taiwanese nationalism
6046:Early Chinese contact
5829:Said, Edward (1979),
5742:, London: M.E. Sharpe
5722:10.1057/9781403980618
5587:Hsieh, Jolan (2006),
5349:Copper, John (2003),
5191:10.1353/jwh.2006.0052
4271:10.1353/jbs.2008.0001
3522:Election Study Center
2677:Taiwanese nationalism
2603:activists to build a
2455:Taiwanese Australians
2449:Taiwanese Australians
2332:in Japan, Taiwan was
2223:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2174:
1696:
1619:and establishing the
1556:
1469:Taiwanese nationalism
1446:
1403:Multicultural present
1291:
1210:
1197:Wolf & Huang 1980
1162:
1133:Treaty of Shimonoseki
826:, ancestry and speak
372:Related ethnic groups
6039:archaeological sites
5883:Taiwan A New History
5667:Medical Anthropology
4359:"Come and work here"
2590:Chinese Singaporeans
2578:Chinese Singaporeans
2465:Japanese Australians
2317:, especially not in
1826:brides. Some of the
1369:February 28 Incident
1229:February 28 Incident
965:improve this article
386:Austronesian peoples
381:Han Taiwanese people
51:improve this article
7177:Tourist attractions
6634:Maritime industries
6567:Automotive industry
6472:Chinese nationalism
6467:Chinese unification
6311:Additional Articles
6076:Republic of Formosa
6066:Kingdom of Tungning
5849:], Taipei: 前衛,
5833:, UK: Vintage Books
5624:Katz, Paul (2005),
5428:1903GeogJ..22..452G
5124:. 14 January 2022.
4851:2008PLoSO...3.2168L
4733:2009Sci...326.1541.
4614:on 12 February 2020
3664:. 5 February 2015.
3372:"Third-Wave Reform"
2461:Chinese Australians
2423:Taiwanese Canadians
2417:Taiwanese Canadians
2380:Taiwanese Americans
2352:Kingdom of Tungning
2294:, the inventor of "
2282:. It was known as "
1432:Taiwan Hsin Chu-min
1328:Great Wall of China
1276:(Mountain Race) or
1248:retreated to Taiwan
1169:colonizer/colonized
1065:Chinese Mainlanders
1046:Chinese Unification
887:Taiwan independence
863:self-identification
137:
6841:Formosan languages
6664:Telecommunications
6497:North–South divide
6441:Metropolitan areas
5847:Taiwan Blood Types
5412:Davidson, James W.
4963:10.1093/hmg/ddw346
4727:(326): 1541–1545.
4702:, p. 332-333.
4638:2012-09-16 at the
4365:. The China Post.
4205:2015-02-01 at the
3998:2016-04-27 at the
3979:2016-04-30 at the
3960:2016-04-27 at the
2657:Overseas Taiwanese
2605:Taiwanese identity
2525:reported that the
2338:then-ROC-president
2260:Taiwanese Japanese
2181:
2138:Overseas Taiwanese
2127:Overseas Taiwanese
2105:. You can help by
2086:Overseas Taiwanese
1828:plains aboriginals
1703:indigenous peoples
1699:
1683:Indigenous peoples
1673:Chinese communists
1667:broke out between
1593:Surrender of Japan
1559:
1535:Nous sommes Taïwan
1453:
1297:
1250:in 1949. However,
1217:
1165:
880:and its potential
66:"Taiwanese people"
7233:
7232:
7185:
7184:
6963:
6962:
6933:Taiwanese Hokkien
6697:
6696:
6492:Foreign relations
6405:Regions of Taiwan
6389:Political parties
6377:Secretary-General
6234:
6233:
6181:Protected species
6121:
6120:
6091:Retreat to Taiwan
6086:Republic of China
6051:Kingdom of Middag
5910:978-0-674-01451-0
5495:, R.O.C. (2014).
5278:Brown, Melissa J.
5095:(in Chinese). 6.
5014:(10): 4149–4165.
4957:(24): 5321–5331.
4440:China Information
3819:Exec. Yuan (2014)
3804:Exec. Yuan (2014)
3789:Exec. Yuan (2014)
3777:Exec. Yuan (2014)
3756:Los Angeles Times
3199:, pp. 14–15.
3163:, pp. 12–13.
2609:Chinese Civil War
2531:mitochondrial DNA
2529:typing study and
2429:Chinese Canadians
2411:Chinese Americans
2386:Chinese Americans
2123:
2122:
2006:ethnic minorities
1952:"Mainlanders" or
1800:Taiwanese Hokkien
1665:Chinese Civil War
1658:plains Indigenous
1601:Chinese Civil War
1597:retreat to Taiwan
1485:national identity
1244:Chinese Civil War
1242:The KMT lost the
1221:Republic of China
1125:national identity
997:
996:
989:
900:, while 2.3% are
808:overseas diaspora
804:Republic of China
793:
792:
785:
784:
696:
695:
591:Yale Romanization
453:Standard Mandarin
399:
398:
333:Mahayana Buddhism
300:Taiwanese Hokkien
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
7253:
7246:Taiwanese people
7221:
7220:
7209:
7197:
7196:
7085:Cultural history
7037:Waste management
6789:Taiwanese people
6777:
6731:National symbols
6710:National Symbols
6703:
6619:Economic history
6614:
6606:Defense industry
6450:Political issues
6355:Military history
6240:
6127:
6013:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5971:
5952:
5943:
5934:
5925:
5918:Wachman, Alan M.
5913:
5895:
5877:
5868:
5859:
5834:
5825:
5807:
5798:
5787:
5773:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5657:
5629:
5620:
5601:
5592:
5583:
5565:
5556:
5547:
5538:
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5527:
5526:
5520:
5503:
5488:
5479:
5471:
5462:
5407:
5389:
5371:
5363:
5345:
5327:
5322:, archived from
5312:
5294:
5273:
5252:
5231:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5166:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5118:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5039:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4921:
4919:
4918:
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4905:
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4891:
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4880:
4862:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4772:
4761:
4760:
4718:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4672:. Archived from
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4649:
4643:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4594:
4588:
4587:
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4583:
4563:
4557:
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4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4501:
4495:
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4492:
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4470:
4464:
4463:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
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4401:
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4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4225:
4219:
4200:The Hakka People
4196:
4190:
4189:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4077:. 15 July 2014.
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4048:. 26 June 2008.
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4019:. 15 June 2014.
4009:
4003:
3990:
3984:
3971:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3928:"Entry #60161".
3925:
3919:
3918:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3726:. Focus Taiwan.
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3631:
3626:民意調查:兩會復談前國族認同民調
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
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3594:
3588:
3587:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
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3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3467:
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3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3374:. Archived from
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3142:on 29 April 2013
3141:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3047:. Archived from
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3018:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2978:2016年12月末在留外国人統計
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2887:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2807:
2780:
2776:
2765:
2754:
2743:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2714:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2586:Cantonese people
2571:A 2021 study by
2563:A 2016 study by
2524:
2439:British Columbia
2328:. Following the
2307:dual-citizenship
2284:Japanese Formosa
2133:Overseas Chinese
2118:
2115:
2097:
2090:
2044:
2018:Zhonghe District
1865:Melissa J. Brown
1857:
1848:
1757:
1756:
1677:mainland Chinese
1433:
1423:
1320:Mandarin Chinese
1301:tangwai movement
1001:Taiwanese people
992:
985:
981:
978:
972:
949:
941:
875:
816:island of Taiwan
810:from the entire
796:Taiwanese people
781:
780:
767:
766:
740:
734:
733:
720:
719:
692:
691:
668:
667:
654:
653:
630:
629:
628:
613:
612:
599:
598:
578:
577:
557:
556:
555:
540:
539:
526:
525:
512:
511:
510:
496:
495:
482:
481:
468:
467:
444:
438:
437:
424:
423:
404:Taiwanese people
401:
141:Total population
138:
136:Taiwanese people
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7181:
7046:
7017:Public holidays
6990:Sex trafficking
6985:Organized crime
6959:
6827:
6768:
6725:
6724:
6693:
6612:
6536:
6487:De-Sinicization
6445:
6407:
6398:
6345:Law enforcement
6277:
6272:
6263:
6262:
6230:
6177:Endemic species
6140:
6139:
6117:
6111:Mandarin policy
6061:Spanish Formosa
6020:
6007:
5998:
5960:
5955:
5946:
5937:
5928:
5916:
5911:
5898:
5893:
5880:
5871:
5862:
5857:
5844:
5837:
5828:
5823:
5810:
5801:
5796:
5776:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5732:
5711:
5704:
5702:
5660:
5635:Tissue Antigens
5632:
5623:
5617:
5604:
5595:
5586:
5581:
5568:
5559:
5550:
5541:
5532:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5501:
5491:
5482:
5474:
5465:
5436:10.2307/1775465
5410:
5405:
5392:
5387:
5374:
5366:
5361:
5348:
5343:
5330:
5315:
5310:
5297:
5292:
5276:
5271:
5255:
5250:
5234:
5229:
5216:
5208:
5206:
5169:
5164:
5156:, Verso Press,
5151:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5119:
5112:
5102:
5100:
5089:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5068:
5064:
5055:
5053:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4901:"Archived copy"
4899:
4898:
4894:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4818:
4816:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4774:
4773:
4764:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4698:
4691:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4640:Wayback Machine
4631:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4510:Food & Wine
4503:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4339:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4303:
4301:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4207:Wayback Machine
4197:
4193:
4186:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4150:10.2307/3637072
4135:
4134:
4130:
4111:
4109:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4082:
4075:Taipeitimes.com
4069:
4068:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4046:Taipeitimes.com
4040:
4039:
4035:
4026:
4024:
4017:Taipeitimes.com
4011:
4010:
4006:
4000:Wayback Machine
3991:
3987:
3981:Wayback Machine
3972:
3968:
3962:Wayback Machine
3953:
3949:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3891:Davidson (1903)
3889:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3843:Bellwood (2000)
3841:
3837:
3831:Shepherd (1993)
3829:
3825:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3795:
3791:, p. 47-8.
3787:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3422:Washington Post
3416:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3378:on 2011-07-16.
3370:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3277:
3275:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3187:, pp. 4–5.
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3045:"Archived copy"
3043:
3042:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2869:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2811:"Archived copy"
2809:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:Taiwan passport
2672:De-Sinicization
2631:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2518:
2492:
2490:Genetic studies
2467:
2457:
2451:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2364:Chiang Kai-shek
2272:Japanese Empire
2268:
2262:
2231:Japanese Empire
2192:
2186:
2135:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2103:needs expansion
2088:
2068:
2030:
2014:
2012:Burmese Chinese
1950:
1940:
1896:
1886:
1784:
1774:
1772:Hoklo Taiwanese
1768:
1691:
1685:
1551:
1526::137–149, 207;
1481:
1475:
1465:De-Sinicization
1455:Main articles:
1441:
1405:
1357:
1286:
1278:Gaoshan Tongbao
1252:Chiang Kai-shek
1205:
1203:Martial law era
1157:
1117:
1102:, respectively.
1092:Empire of Japan
1080:ethnic Japanese
993:
982:
976:
973:
962:
950:
939:
869:
848:Fujian Province
611:Toi4 Waan1 jan4
597:Tòih Wāan yàhn4
518:Tongyong Pinyin
508:
488:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
395:
367:
363:Other religions
347:
314:
169:373,943–964,000
133:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7259:
7257:
7249:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7215:
7203:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7173:
7172:
7162:
7160:Taiwanese wave
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7100:Glove puppetry
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7032:Taiwan studies
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6977:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6837:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6774:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6706:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6679:Transportation
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6654:Taiwan Miracle
6651:
6649:Stock exchange
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6608:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6546:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6477:Chinese Taipei
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6410:
6408:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6382:Vice President
6379:
6374:
6364:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6280:
6278:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6206:National parks
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6009:
6008:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5959:
5958:External links
5956:
5954:
5953:
5944:
5935:
5926:
5914:
5909:
5896:
5891:
5878:
5869:
5860:
5855:
5835:
5826:
5821:
5808:
5799:
5794:
5778:Peng, Ming-min
5774:
5762:
5753:
5744:
5735:
5730:
5709:
5673:(4): 329–346,
5658:
5641:(3): 192–199,
5630:
5621:
5615:
5602:
5593:
5584:
5579:
5566:
5557:
5548:
5539:
5530:
5510:
5493:Executive Yuan
5489:
5480:
5472:
5463:
5408:
5403:
5390:
5385:
5372:
5364:
5359:
5346:
5341:
5328:
5313:
5308:
5295:
5291:978-0520231825
5290:
5274:
5269:
5253:
5248:
5232:
5227:
5214:
5185:(4): 429–450.
5171:Andrade, Tonio
5167:
5162:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5110:
5074:
5062:
4994:
4937:
4892:
4825:
4796:
4762:
4704:
4689:
4661:
4644:
4625:
4589:
4558:
4527:
4496:
4465:
4430:
4405:
4380:
4349:
4332:The China Post
4314:
4284:
4245:
4238:
4220:
4191:
4184:
4163:
4128:
4091:
4062:
4033:
4004:
3985:
3966:
3947:
3920:
3913:
3895:
3893:, p. 581.
3883:
3871:
3867:Andrade (2006)
3859:
3847:
3835:
3823:
3808:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3741:
3724:focustaiwan.tw
3710:
3679:
3649:
3616:
3589:
3562:
3543:
3509:
3474:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3424:. 2004-01-02.
3409:
3402:
3384:
3363:
3351:
3323:
3288:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3201:
3189:
3185:Makeham (2005)
3177:
3175:, p. 105.
3165:
3153:
3109:
3075:
3036:
2995:
2968:
2943:
2916:
2867:
2842:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2774:Dài-uăng-nè̤ng
2766:
2755:
2744:
2730:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2620:
2617:
2491:
2488:
2453:Main article:
2450:
2447:
2421:Main article:
2418:
2415:
2378:Main article:
2375:
2372:
2358:, the second (
2356:Chiang Wei-kuo
2346:Historically,
2261:
2258:
2185:
2182:
2125:Main article:
2121:
2120:
2100:
2098:
2087:
2084:
2067:
2064:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2010:
1973:). Unlike the
1939:
1936:
1913:The Taiwanese
1885:
1882:
1770:Main article:
1767:
1764:
1719:linguistically
1687:Main article:
1684:
1681:
1632:Anping, Tainan
1550:
1547:
1449:Han characters
1440:
1437:
1404:
1401:
1356:
1353:
1285:
1284:Democratic era
1282:
1270:Shandi Tongbao
1262:contrast with
1204:
1201:
1156:
1153:
1127:following the
1121:group identity
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1100:Spanish Empire
1076:
1053:
1037:
1029:Wuqiu (Kinmen)
995:
994:
953:
951:
944:
938:
935:
850:which include
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
775:
769:
768:
761:
752:
751:
745:
744:
743:Transcriptions
736:
735:
728:
722:
721:
712:
706:
705:
698:
697:
694:
693:
686:
677:
676:
670:
669:
662:
656:
655:
648:
639:
638:
632:
631:
621:
615:
614:
607:
601:
600:
593:
587:
586:
584:Yue: Cantonese
580:
579:
572:
566:
565:
559:
558:
548:
542:
541:
534:
528:
527:
520:
514:
513:
504:
498:
497:
490:
484:
483:
476:
470:
469:
462:
456:
455:
449:
448:
447:Transcriptions
440:
439:
432:
426:
425:
416:
410:
409:
406:
405:
397:
396:
394:
393:
388:
383:
377:
374:
373:
369:
368:
366:
365:
360:
355:
348:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
291:
288:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
267:
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263:
259:
258:
255:
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250:
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242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
193:69,550–173,000
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
131:
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7258:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7226:
7225:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7125:Night markets
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6950:Sign Language
6948:
6944:
6943:Matsu dialect
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6799:Ethnic groups
6797:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6577:List of banks
6575:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6301:Civil defense
6299:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:Deforestation
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Guanbi policy
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6056:Dutch Formosa
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5983:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5906:
5902:
5897:
5894:
5892:9781563248160
5888:
5884:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5861:
5858:
5856:9789578014022
5852:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5824:
5822:0-8047-4457-2
5818:
5814:
5809:
5805:
5800:
5797:
5795:9780030913884
5791:
5786:
5785:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5766:Norman, Jerry
5763:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5733:
5731:9781403970206
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5616:0-7914-0113-8
5612:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5585:
5582:
5580:9780203402641
5576:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5531:
5517:
5513:
5511:9789860423020
5507:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5404:9780520928848
5400:
5396:
5391:
5388:
5386:9780765607911
5382:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5365:
5362:
5360:9780813339559
5356:
5352:
5347:
5344:
5342:9780295974699
5338:
5334:
5329:
5326:on 2006-08-30
5325:
5321:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5309:9780415016353
5305:
5301:
5296:
5293:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5270:9789576716324
5266:
5262:
5258:
5257:Blust, Robert
5254:
5251:
5249:9789027230201
5245:
5241:
5237:
5236:Blust, Robert
5233:
5230:
5228:9780936127095
5224:
5220:
5215:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5163:9780860917595
5159:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5098:
5094:
5093:Taiwan Nation
5090:
5084:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4941:
4938:
4933:
4927:
4909:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4826:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4679:on 2016-04-23
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4559:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4528:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4497:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4431:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4239:9781108784306
4235:
4231:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4185:9783531943039
4181:
4177:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4095:
4092:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3914:9789860109504
3910:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3879:Morris (2002)
3875:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3821:, p. 49.
3820:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3806:, p. 48.
3805:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3782:
3779:, p. 36.
3778:
3773:
3770:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3745:
3742:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3711:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3635:
3628:
3620:
3617:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3544:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3472:, p. 98.
3471:
3466:
3463:
3460:, p. 91.
3459:
3454:
3451:
3448:, p. 93.
3447:
3442:
3439:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3403:0-7656-0791-3
3399:
3395:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3359:Phillips 2003
3355:
3352:
3348:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3274:on 2009-04-08
3273:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3161:Copper (2003)
3157:
3154:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3051:on 2017-01-02
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3022:
3014:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2969:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2917:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2857:on 2020-02-14
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:Thòi-vàn-ngìn
2759:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:Han Taiwanese
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2633:Taiwan portal
2623:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2613:Chinese state
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:United States
2387:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:Momofuku Ando
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:The original
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2117:
2114:November 2014
2108:
2104:
2101:This section
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2022:Taipei County
2020:, located in
2019:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1956:refer to the
1955:
1949:
1945:
1944:Han Taiwanese
1937:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1890:Han Taiwanese
1883:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1778:Han Taiwanese
1773:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:Stainton 1999
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:Taiwan Strait
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:In 1624, the
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:Hakka Chinese
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:New Taiwanese
1354:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Beijing Opera
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:Phillips 2003
1230:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1149:Shepherd 1993
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
991:
988:
980:
970:
966:
960:
959:
954:This section
952:
948:
943:
942:
936:
934:
930:
928:
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
898:Han Taiwanese
894:
892:
888:
885:
884:
879:
873:
868:
867:New Taiwanese
864:
859:
857:
856:Matsu Islands
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
834:in 1949, the
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
788:
776:
774:
770:
762:
760:
757:
753:
750:
746:
741:
737:
729:
727:
723:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
687:
685:
682:
678:
675:
671:
663:
661:
657:
649:
647:
644:
640:
637:
633:
627:
622:
620:
616:
608:
606:
602:
594:
592:
588:
585:
581:
576:Thòi-vàn ngìn
573:
571:
567:
564:
560:
554:
549:
547:
543:
535:
533:
529:
521:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
491:
489:
485:
477:
475:
471:
463:
461:
457:
454:
450:
445:
441:
433:
431:
427:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
402:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
375:
370:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
350:
349:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
322:
317:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
166:
165:United States
162:
158:
154:
149:
144:
139:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
7222:
7210:
7198:
7027:Superlatives
7012:Prostitution
6975:Architecture
6788:
6781:Demographics
6582:Central bank
6560:Floriculture
6457:Conscription
6335:Intelligence
6323:Human rights
6306:Constitution
6221:Superlatives
6216:Scenic areas
6101:White Terror
5948:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5900:
5882:
5873:
5864:
5846:
5839:Sim, Kiantek
5830:
5812:
5803:
5783:
5769:
5757:
5748:
5739:
5713:
5703:, retrieved
5670:
5666:
5638:
5634:
5625:
5606:
5597:
5588:
5570:
5561:
5552:
5543:
5534:
5523:. Retrieved
5497:
5484:
5476:
5467:
5419:
5415:
5394:
5376:
5368:
5350:
5332:
5324:the original
5318:
5299:
5281:
5260:
5239:
5218:
5207:. Retrieved
5182:
5178:
5153:
5130:. Retrieved
5103:14 September
5101:. Retrieved
5092:
5077:
5065:
5054:. Retrieved
5011:
5007:
4997:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4915:. Retrieved
4895:
4845:(5): e2168.
4842:
4838:
4828:
4817:. Retrieved
4809:En.people.cn
4808:
4799:
4787:. Retrieved
4777:
4724:
4720:
4707:
4681:. Retrieved
4674:the original
4664:
4647:
4628:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:the original
4601:
4592:
4580:. Retrieved
4571:
4561:
4549:. Retrieved
4540:
4530:
4518:. Retrieved
4509:
4499:
4487:. Retrieved
4479:Taipei Times
4478:
4468:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4422:. Retrieved
4408:
4397:. Retrieved
4383:
4371:. Retrieved
4362:
4352:
4340:. Retrieved
4327:
4317:
4309:
4302:. Retrieved
4287:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4229:
4223:
4198:
4194:
4175:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4117:
4110:. Retrieved
4100:
4094:
4083:. Retrieved
4074:
4065:
4054:. Retrieved
4045:
4036:
4025:. Retrieved
4016:
4007:
3988:
3969:
3964:. pp. 156-7.
3950:
3935:
3923:
3904:
3898:
3886:
3874:
3862:
3855:Blust (1988)
3850:
3838:
3826:
3784:
3772:
3762:19 September
3760:. Retrieved
3754:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3723:
3713:
3701:. Retrieved
3693:Taipei Times
3692:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3662:Taipei Times
3661:
3652:
3641:. Retrieved
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3601:. BBC News.
3592:
3575:
3565:
3556:
3546:
3534:. Retrieved
3521:
3512:
3501:. Retrieved
3489:
3477:
3465:
3453:
3441:
3430:. Retrieved
3421:
3412:
3393:
3387:
3379:
3376:the original
3366:
3354:
3346:
3340:. Retrieved
3326:
3317:
3311:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3276:. Retrieved
3272:the original
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3216:Taipei Times
3214:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3173:Hsiau (2005)
3168:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3137:the original
3132:
3128:
3100:. Retrieved
3091:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:the original
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
2987:. Retrieved
2971:
2960:. Retrieved
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2919:
2908:. Retrieved
2859:. Retrieved
2855:the original
2845:
2819:. Retrieved
2805:
2752:Tâi-oân-lâng
2712:
2667:Sinicization
2662:Sinocentrism
2598:
2594:Tujia people
2582:Dusun people
2572:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2546:
2535:
2493:
2468:
2432:
2408:
2389:
2345:
2341:Ma Ying-jeou
2323:
2300:
2269:
2243:
2216:
2211:Taipei Times
2209:
2195:
2193:
2153:
2137:
2136:
2111:
2107:adding to it
2102:
2069:
2041:
2033:
2031:
2015:
1991:
1971:Wachman 1994
1953:
1951:
1921:and western
1912:
1910:(ca. 1644).
1908:Qing dynasty
1904:Ming dynasty
1897:
1894:Hakka people
1874:
1870:
1861:
1854:
1832:
1788:Hoklo people
1785:
1782:Hoklo people
1700:
1662:
1644:
1625:
1621:Qing dynasty
1617:Ming dynasty
1609:
1586:
1575:Hakka people
1560:
1543:
1539:Pierre Haski
1532:
1524:Corcuff 2002
1520:
1512:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1461:Sinicization
1457:Sinocentrism
1430:
1420:
1412:
1409:Harrell 1995
1406:
1397:Corcuff 2002
1393:Ma Ying-jeou
1384:
1376:
1372:
1365:Lee Teng-hui
1358:
1340:Hakka people
1324:Yellow River
1316:Hoklo people
1313:
1309:Corcuff 2002
1305:
1298:
1293:Lee Teng-hui
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1241:
1218:
1166:
1155:Japanese era
1129:Qing dynasty
1118:
1096:Dutch Empire
1000:
998:
983:
974:
963:Please help
958:verification
955:
931:
916:
902:Austronesian
895:
881:
860:
795:
794:
779:Tâi-uân lâng
765:Tâi-oân-lâng
749:Southern Min
690:Dài-uăng ìng
666:Tâi-uân lâng
652:Tâi-oân-lâng
636:Southern Min
570:Romanization
509:T'ai-wan jen
494:Tair'uan ren
460:Hanyu Pinyin
353:Christianity
338:Confucianism
132:Ethnic group
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
7170:tea culture
7135:Photography
6821:Waishengren
6555:Aquaculture
6550:Agriculture
6328:LGBT rights
6186:Hot springs
6172:Earthquakes
6106:Martial law
5831:Orientalism
5083:Sim Kiantek
4618:18 February
4572:Japan Times
4541:Japan Times
4489:16 November
4112:20 December
3557:Taiwan News
3254:Dreyer 2003
3242:Peng (1972)
2787:Other notes
2565:Chen et al.
2538:full genome
2519: [
2060:Philippines
1987:Wilson 1970
1983:mainlanders
1962:mainlanders
1954:waishengren
1948:Waishengren
1734:immigration
1731:Han Chinese
1715:genetically
1588:waishengren
1563:Han Chinese
1530::157–170).
1508:Dreyer 2003
1399::186–188).
1389:James Soong
1385:benshengren
1381:martial law
1377:benshengren
1373:waishengren
1265:waishengren
1239::253–275).
1213:Wu San-lien
1151::310–323).
1145:Lamley 1990
1141:Lamley 1981
1137:Morris 2002
1057:Han Chinese
925:-dominated
918:waishengren
870: [
812:Taiwan Area
674:Eastern Min
254:South Korea
7130:Philosophy
7105:Literature
7002:Healthcare
6861:Kanakanavu
6613:(currency)
6522:Two Chinas
6394:Propaganda
6362:Parliament
6296:Censorship
6270:Government
6248:Government
6034:Prehistory
5705:2022-08-20
5525:2016-06-11
5209:2021-06-01
5056:2021-10-19
4917:2023-04-09
4819:2017-04-10
4789:11 October
4683:2016-04-08
4424:2018-09-17
4399:2018-09-17
4144:(2): 215.
4122:Note: Per
4085:2016-08-11
4056:2016-08-11
4027:2016-08-11
3993:Brown 2004
3974:Brown 2004
3955:Brown 2004
3931:臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典
3643:2008-06-20
3503:2009-01-12
3490:Cicred.org
3432:2009-05-07
3342:2021-03-07
3313:2009-06-06
3278:2009-06-06
3227:14 January
3146:20 January
3102:20 January
3092:China Post
3055:2017-02-21
3030:2017-10-16
3012:2011僑務統計年報
2989:2017-10-16
2962:2017-10-16
2937:2020-02-07
2910:2017-10-16
2892:2016僑務統計年報
2861:2017-10-16
2792:References
2741:Táiwān rén
2550:Blust 1988
2459:See also:
2427:See also:
2396:California
2384:See also:
2280:dependency
2264:See also:
2235:expatriate
2227:Qing China
2188:See also:
2168:nationals.
2131:See also:
2004:and other
1967:Gates 1981
1942:See also:
1938:Mainlander
1888:See also:
1851:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1824:aboriginal
1776:See also:
1738:Blust 1999
1528:Hsiau 2005
1483:Taiwanese
1477:See also:
1427:Wade–Giles
1237:Gates 1981
1225:Kuomintang
1193:Brown 2004
1189:aborigines
1177:Fujii 2006
1071:, who are
1036:Province".
999:The word "
977:April 2011
538:Táiwān rén
524:Táiwan rén
502:Wade–Giles
480:ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄖㄣˊ
466:Táiwān rén
159:23,888,275
146:26,193,616
107:March 2023
77:newspapers
7060:Animation
7022:Squatting
6997:Education
6833:Languages
6589:Companies
6367:President
6318:Elections
6226:Volcanoes
6201:Mountains
6145:Overviews
6135:Geography
5841:(2003),
5199:162203720
5132:20 August
5028:0737-4038
4971:0964-6906
4869:1932-6203
4460:144114805
4446:: 51–79.
4279:154656569
4265:: 29–62.
4002:. p. 157.
3983:. p. 162.
3470:Damm 2012
3458:Damm 2012
3446:Damm 2012
2821:7 January
2797:Citations
2573:Lo et al.
2556:people).
2516:Marie Lin
2508:Guangdong
2476:Melbourne
2362:) son of
2072:Taiwanese
2052:Indonesia
2043:Xīnzhùmín
1919:Guangdong
1900:Guangdong
1820:Qing rule
1808:Zhangzhou
1579:Guangdong
1422:Xīnzhùmín
1274:Gaoshanzu
1173:Katz 2005
1135:in 1895 (
358:Shintoism
351:Minority
286:Languages
278:Argentina
262:Singapore
246:Australia
182:Indonesia
7240:Category
7200:Category
7155:T-Beauty
7140:Religion
7095:Gambling
6928:Mandarin
6896:Sakizaya
6891:Saisiyat
6753:proposed
6659:Taxation
6629:Forestry
6482:Dang Guo
6424:Counties
6350:Military
6275:politics
6253:Politics
6005:articles
5920:(1994),
5780:(1972),
5768:(1988),
5699:archived
5695:23008277
5687:22746682
5655:11285126
5516:Archived
5460:6931635M
5280:(2004),
5238:(1988),
5203:Archived
5173:(2006).
5126:Archived
5097:Archived
5085:(2012).
5070:Liu 2012
5050:Archived
5046:33170928
4989:27798100
4926:cite web
4908:Archived
4887:18478090
4839:PLOS ONE
4813:Archived
4783:Archived
4757:34341816
4749:20007900
4700:Liu 2012
4636:Archived
4576:Archived
4545:Archived
4514:Archived
4483:Archived
4418:Archived
4393:Archived
4367:Archived
4336:Archived
4298:Archived
4214:(OCAC).
4203:Archived
4106:Archived
4079:Archived
4050:Archived
4021:Archived
3996:Archived
3977:Archived
3958:Archived
3734:29 March
3728:Archived
3697:Archived
3666:Archived
3634:Archived
3632:. TVBS.
3603:Archived
3530:Archived
3494:Archived
3426:Archived
3336:Archived
3304:Archived
3221:Archived
3096:Archived
3064:cite web
3021:Archived
2983:Archived
2956:Archived
2931:Archived
2901:Archived
2831:cite web
2815:Archived
2733:Mandarin
2619:See also
2472:Brisbane
2400:New York
2319:politics
2206:Dongguan
2197:Taishang
2190:Taishang
2177:Malaysia
2056:Thailand
1958:post-war
1835:Tangshan
1804:Quanzhou
1671:and the
1581:, speak
1326:and the
1256:sinicize
798:are the
605:Jyutping
474:Bopomofo
319:Religion
295:Mandarin
230:Malaysia
198:Thailand
7224:Outline
7145:Smoking
7075:Cuisine
7052:Culture
6968:Society
6955:Braille
6923:Sinitic
6866:Kavalan
6720:Culture
6716:Society
6674:Tourism
6669:Textile
6611:Dollar
6594:Largest
6572:Banking
6542:Economy
6289:Premier
6284:Cabinet
6258:Economy
6191:Islands
6162:Climate
6152:Beaches
6018:History
5452:1887893
5444:1775465
5424:Bibcode
5145:Sources
5037:8476137
4980:6078601
4878:2374892
4847:Bibcode
4729:Bibcode
4721:Science
4582:June 7,
4551:June 7,
4520:June 7,
4158:3637072
4119:century
3703:19 June
3672:3 April
3609:7 March
3536:6 March
2760:Hakka:
2747:Hokkien
2496:Hokkien
2443:Ontario
2390:In the
2360:adopted
2239:refugee
2229:to the
2202:Kunshan
2146:Chinese
2142:Chinese
2048:Vietnam
1994:Mongols
1839:Chinese
1750:Taitung
1746:Hualien
1727:Oceania
1646:Koxinga
1636:venison
1348:Hokkien
1108:Manchus
1098:or the
1088:Spanish
883:de jure
824:culture
802:of the
756:Hokkien
643:Hokkien
222:Vietnam
201:145,000
185:210,000
177:404,000
91:scholar
7212:Portal
7150:Sports
7070:Cinema
6901:Seediq
6886:Saaroa
6876:Puyuma
6871:Paiwan
6851:Atayal
6816:Hakkas
6811:Hoklos
6773:People
6759:Flower
6744:Emblem
6739:Anthem
6713:People
6639:Mining
6624:Energy
6429:Cities
6211:Rivers
6157:Cities
6003:
6001:Taiwan
5964:Taiwan
5907:
5889:
5853:
5819:
5792:
5728:
5693:
5685:
5653:
5613:
5577:
5508:
5458:
5450:
5442:
5401:
5383:
5357:
5339:
5306:
5288:
5267:
5246:
5225:
5197:
5160:
5044:
5034:
5026:
4987:
4977:
4969:
4885:
4875:
4867:
4755:
4747:
4458:
4363:Taiwan
4328:Taiwan
4277:
4236:
4216:Taiwan
4182:
4156:
3911:
3400:
2758:Sixian
2736:Pinyin
2592:, and
2554:Baiyue
2504:Fujian
2480:Sydney
2478:, and
2435:Canada
2402:, and
2276:colony
2166:Taiwan
2158:Taiwan
2150:pinyin
2148:: 臺裔;
2058:, and
2040::
2038:pinyin
2002:Manchu
1923:Fujian
1853::
1847:公、無唐山媽
1841::
1816:Kinmen
1812:Xiamen
1798:speak
1796:Penghu
1792:Taiwan
1748:, and
1707:Taiwan
1654:Fujian
1613:Manchu
1571:Fujian
1471:, and
1429::
1419::
1417:pinyin
1334:, and
1199::19).
1185:koseki
1094:, the
1021:Kinmen
915:, and
911:, the
852:Kinmen
840:Penghu
773:Tâi-lô
681:Fuzhou
660:Tâi-lô
343:Taoism
281:11,000
273:12,000
270:France
265:30,000
257:30,985
249:34,000
241:38,000
238:Brunei
233:44,000
225:72,000
217:38,000
214:Brazil
209:52,768
190:Canada
156:Taiwan
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
7120:Opera
7115:Music
7110:Media
7090:Drama
7042:Women
6980:Crime
6938:Hakka
6881:Rukai
6856:Bunun
6764:Seals
6196:Lakes
5845:[
5691:S2CID
5519:(PDF)
5502:(PDF)
5440:JSTOR
5195:S2CID
4911:(PDF)
4904:(PDF)
4753:S2CID
4717:(PDF)
4677:(ASP)
4656:(PDF)
4456:S2CID
4373:1 May
4342:1 May
4304:1 May
4275:S2CID
4154:JSTOR
3944:2011.
3934:[
3637:(PDF)
3630:(PDF)
3497:(PDF)
3486:(PDF)
3307:(PDF)
3300:(PDF)
3140:(PDF)
3125:(PDF)
3024:(PDF)
3017:(PDF)
2904:(PDF)
2897:(PDF)
2769:Matsu
2699:Notes
2523:]
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