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165:. It prepared exhibits for expositions and collected anthropological artifacts for the Smithsonian United States National Museum. In addition, the BAE was the official repository of documents concerning American Indians collected by the various US geological surveys, especially the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region and the
172:
In 1897, the Bureau of
Ethnology's name changed to the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) to emphasize the geographic limit of its interests, although its staff briefly conducted research in US possessions such as Hawaii and the Philippines. In 1965, the BAE merged with the Smithsonian's Department
295:. Archaeologists, both amateur and professional, were divided between believing the mounds were built by passing groups of people who settled in various places elsewhere, or believing they could have been built by Native Americans.
380:. Pp. 3–730. Twelfth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1890–91, by J. W. Powell, Director. XLVIII+742 pp., 42 pls., 344 figs. 1894.
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It is considered to be the last word in the controversy over the Mound builders' identities. After Thomas' publication, scholars generally accepted that varying cultures of
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149:, promoted a broader mission: "to organize anthropologic research in America." Under Powell, the bureau organized research-intensive multi-year projects; sponsored
457:
Lewis, Herbert S., 2022. “American
Anthropology and Colonialism: A Factual Account”, in BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.
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on the 1880s
Smithsonian BAE Mound Survey explorations to determine who built the ancient earthen mounds in eastern North America can be viewed as part of series
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299:, the Bureau's appointed head of the Division of Mound Exploration, eventually published his conclusions on the origins of the mounds in the Bureau's
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The BAE had three subunits: the Mound Survey (1882–1895); the
Institute of Social Anthropology (1943–1952), and the River Basin Surveys (1946–1969).
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of
Anthropology to form the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology within the United States National Museum (now the Department of Anthropology,
169:. It developed a manuscript repository, library and illustrations section that included photographic work and the collection of photographs.
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field research; initiated publications series (most notably its Annual
Reports and Bulletins); and promoted the fledgling discipline of
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A History of the
Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1897–1997
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19th
Century Explorers and Anthropologists: Developing the Earliest Smithsonian Anthropology Collections
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245:. The BAE supported the work of many non-Smithsonian researchers (known as collaborators), most notably
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Journal of the
Southwest, vol. 41, no. 3, 1999, pp. 283–296. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40170100.
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The
Smithsonian and the American Indian: making a moral anthropology in Victorian America
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At the time the BAE was founded, there was intense controversy over the identity of the
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Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
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The BAE's staff included some of America's earliest field anthropologists, including
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145:. But from the start, the bureau's visionary founding director,
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453:, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
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Register to the Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology
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Report on the mound explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology
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National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
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List of Publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology
385:"The Rise and Fall of the Bureau of American Ethnology."
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Digitized copies of the BAE Annual Reports at Gallica
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383:Woodbury, Richard B., and Nathalie F. S. Woodbury.
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The Bureau of American Ethnology; a partial history
432:Digitized copies of BAE Annual Reports No. 16 - 81
361:Hodge, Frederick Webb, and Corinne L. Gilb. 1956.
423:Digitized copies of BAE Annual Reports No. 1 - 15
59:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1569:History of indigenous peoples of North America
446:Digitized copies of BAE Bulletins No. 25 – 200
320:History of indigenous peoples of North America
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373:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.
310:, Native Americans, were the Mound builders.
8:
441:Digitized copies of BAE Bulletins No. 1 – 24
365:. Berkeley, Calif: University of California.
357:. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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27:U.S. anthropological research organization
1001:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
177:). In 1968, the SOA archives became the
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
1584:1879 establishments in the United States
1589:Government agencies established in 1879
117:during a recording session for the BAE
350:. Thames & Hudson. New York, 2005
7:
167:Geological Survey of the Territories
1564:Indigenous peoples of North America
1472:Norse colonization of North America
175:National Museum of Natural History
25:
363:Frederick Webb Hodge, ethnologist
335:National Anthropological Archives
179:National Anthropological Archives
36:
1492:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1:
436:Biodiversity Heritage Library
427:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1457:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
1407:Eastern Agricultural Complex
123:Bureau of American Ethnology
841:Bandelier National Monument
715:List of Mississippian sites
502:Pre-Columbian North America
1605:
1261:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
866:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
575:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
139:Department of the Interior
1530:
1502:Three Sisters agriculture
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353:Hinsley, Curtis M. 1994.
203:Alice Cunningham Fletcher
1041:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
600:Buttermilk Creek complex
135:Indians of North America
45:This article includes a
1574:Smithsonian Institution
1241:Town Creek Indian Mound
1211:Sierra de San Francisco
1066:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
325:Native American history
235:John Peabody Harrington
143:Smithsonian Institution
74:more precise citations.
896:Coso Rock Art District
783:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
686:List of Hopewell sites
301:Annual Report of 1894.
231:Matilda Coxe Stevenson
213:and Victor Mindeleff,
191:Frank Hamilton Cushing
118:
1579:Pre-Columbian studies
1304:Arlington Springs Man
1146:Portsmouth Earthworks
348:Ancient North America
243:William C. Sturtevant
105:
1512:Transoceanic contact
1402:Container Revolution
976:Gila Cliff Dwellings
941:Etowah Indian Mounds
219:William Henry Holmes
205:, John N.B. Hewitt,
1432:Green Corn Ceremony
1246:Turkey River Mounds
1036:Lake Jackson Mounds
856:Blue Spring Shelter
369:Judd, Neil Merton.
259:Washington Matthews
199:Jesse Walter Fewkes
131:Bureau of Ethnology
18:Bureau of Ethnology
1517:Underwater panther
1191:Rosenstock Village
1061:Marmes Rockshelter
1046:L'Anse aux Meadows
308:indigenous peoples
207:Francis La Flesche
147:John Wesley Powell
119:
47:list of references
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1543:Pre-Columbian era
1344:Spirit Cave mummy
1141:Plum Bayou Mounds
1051:Lynch Quarry Site
570:Ancient Beringian
462:Bruce Smith video
195:James Owen Dorsey
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16:(Redirected from
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1487:Projectile point
1324:Leanderthal Lady
1251:Upward Sun River
1226:Stallings Island
1216:Shell ring sites
1166:Recapture Canyon
1081:Moorehead Circle
926:El Fin del Mundo
911:Cueva de la Olla
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704:Maritime Archaic
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346:Fagan, Brian M.
330:Moon eyed people
251:Frances Densmore
239:Matthew Stirling
107:Frances Densmore
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70:this article by
61:inline citations
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1380:Ceremonial pipe
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1334:Minnesota Woman
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1106:Ocmulgee Mounds
1086:Morrison Mounds
1031:Kolomoki Mounds
1021:Kimball Village
881:Candelaria Cave
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733:Old Cordilleran
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1427:Folsom point
1417:Effigy mound
1397:Clovis point
1365:Aridoamerica
1266:Wickiup Hill
1221:Spiro Mounds
1201:Salmon Ruins
1196:Russell Cave
991:Helen Blazes
986:Grimes Point
966:Fort Juelson
956:Fort Ancient
931:El Vallecito
891:Chaco Canyon
831:Angel Mounds
793:Steed-Kisker
743:Paleo-Arctic
665:Glacial Kame
650:Fort Ancient
542:Post-Classic
513:
370:
362:
354:
347:
300:
297:Cyrus Thomas
283:
280:Mound Survey
275:
267:Cyrus Thomas
215:James Mooney
188:
171:
163:anthropology
151:ethnographic
130:
126:
122:
120:
86:
77:
66:Please help
58:
29:
1507:Thunderbird
1375:Black drink
1339:Peñon woman
1276:Winterville
1256:Velda Mound
1236:Taos Pueblo
1131:Parkin Park
1116:Orwell site
1101:Nodena site
996:Holly Bluff
971:Four Mounds
961:Fort Center
886:Casa Grande
836:Anzick site
728:Monongahela
655:Fort Walton
630:Coles Creek
595:Belle Glade
580:Anishinaabe
305:prehistoric
72:introducing
1558:Categories
1452:Metallurgy
1412:Eden point
1309:Buhl Woman
1181:Rock Eagle
1171:River Styx
1096:Mummy Cave
1091:Moundville
1071:Mesa Verde
1056:Marksville
803:Tchefuncte
763:Plaquemine
699:Las Palmas
615:Calf Creek
610:Cades Pond
341:References
263:Paul Radin
247:Franz Boas
159:linguistic
80:March 2010
1497:Stickball
1186:Rock Hawk
1016:Key Marco
808:Troyville
788:St. Johns
773:Red Ocher
532:Formative
290:earthwork
137:from the
111:Blackfoot
1385:Chanunpa
1370:Ballgame
1349:Vero man
1299:Anzick-1
1271:Windover
1231:SunWatch
1161:Rassawek
981:Glenwood
871:Brewster
723:Mogollon
694:La Jolla
680:Hopewell
640:Deptford
553:cultures
314:See also
185:Research
1534:Related
1392:Chunkey
1292:remains
1281:Wupatki
1121:Paquime
1011:Huápoca
876:Cahokia
846:Bastian
753:Patayan
675:Hohokam
660:Fremont
635:ComondĂş
590:Baytown
585:Avonlea
565:Alachua
537:Classic
527:Archaic
515:Periods
141:to the
68:improve
951:Folsom
916:Cutler
851:Benson
738:Oneota
670:Glades
645:Folsom
625:Clovis
522:Lithic
293:mounds
241:, and
229:, and
211:Cosmos
113:chief
1482:Piasa
1290:Human
921:Eaker
824:sites
758:Plano
560:Adena
109:with
53:, or
1442:Kiva
269:and
157:and
125:(or
121:The
946:Eva
434:at
425:at
127:BAE
1560::
273:.
265:,
261:,
257:,
253:,
249:,
225:,
221:,
217:,
209:,
201:,
197:,
193:,
181:.
153:,
57:,
49:,
494:e
487:t
480:v
93:)
87:(
82:)
78:(
64:.
20:)
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