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of Indian organizations. The occupiers then agreed to leave the building with the assurance that the White House would examine eligibility of
Indians for governmental services; adequacy of governmental service delivery; quality, speed, and effectiveness of federal programs; Indian self-government; and congressional implementation of necessary Indian legislation.
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688:, founded in 1944. Nixon promised the support of the federal government for "federally recognized" tribes. This excluded groups that had not been recognized, including tribes whose federal status had been terminated in the 1950s under federal policy of the time, which believed that some tribes were "ready" to assimilate into the mainstream.
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The NTCA was given offices within the
National Council on Indian Opportunity. Tribal chairmen discussed common issues, including how to manage limited resources. Some believed that "urban Indians", those members who had left the reservations to live elsewhere, should be excluded from tribal benefits,
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When the AIM Protestors left the
Interior building on November 8, the White House had agreed to discuss all 20 points except amnesty, which was to be addressed separately. From which an "interagency task force" was created, to be co-chaired by representatives of the White House and to include dozens
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President Nixon had a different opinion from the 1950s emphasis on termination of tribes and their governments which stood in line with ideas about decentralization of government, he believed that tribes likely could do better than a distant government agency in managing affairs of their people and
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Since this event's conclusion, other terminated tribes have regained their federally recognized status by way of
Congressional legislation. In addition, other tribes have achieved recognition, both through the BIA's documentary process, a procedure developed in consultation with representatives of
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AIM members had done research and organized to prepare for their 1972 cross-country journey and anticipated negotiating with the federal government. They researched, organized, and prepared in 1972 after the brief BIA takeover in 1971. Understanding the law was essential to bringing the claims of
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occupation, the protesters left, with some taking BIA documents with them, and having caused an estimated $ 700,000 in damages. And with the loss of the documents, the
Washington Post claimed that the destruction and theft of records could set the Bureau of Indian Affairs back 50 to 100 years.
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lobbies, destroying many historic documents. The demonstrators started to run out of provisions after several days. They would not allow police or any government representative to approach the building, so two children of BIA employees were recruited to bring in provisions. After a week of
704:, which returned Menominee Indians to full federally recognized tribal status, returning their land assets to trust status. Nixon might have played more of a leadership role in these issues but was caught up in the Watergate scandal and resigned the next year on August 9, 1974.
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celebrated a landslide presidential victory on
November 7 as AIM’s 'Twenty Points' were presented to him. It reminded Nixon how unprepared he was to deal with Indian issues across the country and how he had failed in his effort to quell Indian pressures for reforms.
671:, during the occupation, Native Americans spent days in the building going through—and taking—files that raised questions about unfair deals on land, water, fishing and mineral rights. Others took artifacts, pottery and artwork that they said belonged to tribes.
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were meeting with tribal chairmen in a scheduled meeting at the other end of the country in rural Oregon. A new organization was established, called The
National Tribal Chairman’s Association. The NTCA was presumably an outgrowth of the
343:, the protesters began the siege, occupying the building. And after denying a federal court order to vacate the premises issued after the first night of the occupation. The takeover quickly gained national media attention.
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The twenty points established Native
American goals for their relations with the federal government. Twelve of the twenty points directly or indirectly address treaty responsibility in which the U.S. had fallen short.
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These
Indians were concerned about the lands they had lost through treaties, speculation, and corruption. They struggled to make lives on the small areas of reservations, often isolated from population centers.
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Momentum and support grew for the AIM among younger Native
Americans and First Nations peoples. Unlike in 1971, the groups were prepared and focused on their target. Sympathetic groups joined the planning:
339:(BIA) offices at the national headquarters building, intending to negotiate for better housing on reservations and other related issues. But after interpreting a government refusal of their demands as a
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of government, Nixon fundamentally agreed that tribes should manage their operations. Which as a result of the AIM occupation if the BIA's offices, Nixon signed law the
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The AIM affiliated protesters overturned tables and desks against windows, fortifying against potential police attack. Some set fires in interior offices and the
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Indians from around the country gathered into groups and converged on the Interior building on November 2, 1972, and stayed there for seven days. As
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to restore one tribe to federally recognized status and supported legislation that offered tribes control over their own operations and programs.
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Establishment of national Indian voting with local options; free national Indian organizations from governmental controls
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Restoration of 110 million acres (450,000 km) of land taken away from Native Nations by the United States.
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Reclaim and affirm health, housing, employment, economic development, and education for all Indian people.
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Establishment of a treaty commission to make new treaties (with sovereign Native Nations).
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Native Nations to be immune to commerce regulation, taxes, trade restrictions of states.
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744:"The radical history of the Red Power movement's fight for Native American sovereignty"
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Framing Red Power: Newspapers, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media
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Joint Congressional Committee to be formed on reconstruction of Indian relations.
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Visions and Voices: American Indian Activism and the Civil Rights Movement,
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recognized tribes, and sometimes through direct Congressional action.
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Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee.
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although such members often struggled economically even in cities.
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The incident began with a group of AIM protesters traveling to the
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serving them. On December 22, 1973, Nixon privately signed the
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Indian religious freedom and cultural integrity protected.
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Recognition of the right of Indians to interpret treaties.
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Unratified treaties to go heard by the Senate for action.
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Restoration of treaty making (ended by Congress in 1871).
787:"Indians in Capital Defy a Court Order (Published 1972)"
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Laura Waterman Wittstock, Elaine Salinas, Susan Aasen,
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Relief for Native Nations for treaty rights violations.
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Creation of a new office of Federal Indian Relations.
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1972 protest by Native Americans in Washington, D.C.
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Indian leaders to be permitted to address Congress.
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American Indian Committee on Alcohol and Drug Abuse
151:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
640:Federal protection for offenses against Indians.
637:Repeal of state jurisdiction on Native Nations.
619:All Indians to be governed by treaty relations.
304:refers to a protest by Native Americans at the
1132:National Amerindianist American Redman's Party
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449:and other scholars who had studied the laws,
308:headquarters in the United States capital of
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613:Review of treaty commitments and violations.
511:Coalition of Indian-Controlled School Boards
160:"Bureau of Indian Affairs building takeover"
716:This event is described in the 1990 memoir
559:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
412:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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246:Relevant discussion may be found on the
85:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1060:Statue of Christopher Columbus toppling
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1324:United States Bureau of Indian Affairs
1086:National Council on Indian Opportunity
833:"Justice Eyes Way to Charge Indians".
502:Native American Women’s Action Council
989:Native Americans in the United States
686:National Congress of American Indians
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1117:American Indian Movement of Colorado
557:adding citations to reliable sources
515:Black Panther Party for Self Defense
410:adding citations to reliable sources
149:adding citations to reliable sources
1122:International Indian Treaty Council
489:National Indian Leadership Training
238:tone or style may not reflect the
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634:Restoration of terminated rights.
34:This article has multiple issues.
1158:Beatrice Long Visitor Holy Dance
785:Blair, William M. (1972-11-04).
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482:National American Indian Council
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252:guide to writing better articles
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771:Paul Smith and Robert Warrior,
486:National Council on Indian Work
136:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
742:Blakemore, Erin (2020-11-25).
508:National Indian Lutheran Board
497:Others who endorsed the effort
1:
1009:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
818:"Amnesty Denied to Indians".
775:New York: The New Press, 1996
477:National Indian Youth Council
358:had an interest in promoting
1334:Protests in Washington, D.C.
1263:Rita Long Visitor Holy Dance
1076:Bringing the Circle Together
712:Depiction in popular culture
898:unblock.federalregister.gov
472:Native American Rights Fund
466:National Indian Brotherhood
91:conditions to do so are met
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1329:Indigenous rights protests
306:Department of the Interior
1030:Mount Rushmore Occupation
994:Indian termination policy
702:Menominee Restoration Act
368:Menominee Restoration Act
1339:1972 in Washington, D.C.
1319:American Indian Movement
1040:Trail of Broken Treaties
975:American Indian Movement
337:Bureau of Indian Affairs
322:Trail of Broken Treaties
318:American Indian Movement
250:. See Knowledge (XXG)'s
1050:Wounded Knee Occupation
917:Crow Dog, Mary (1990).
505:United Native Americans
242:used on Knowledge (XXG)
1278:Raymond Yellow Thunder
1127:Mohawk Warrior Society
1035:Occupation of Alcatraz
1298:Wesley Bad Heart Bull
1268:Sacheen Littlefeather
675:Presidential reaction
1213:Lorelei DeCora Means
837:. November 10, 1972.
681:Nixon administration
553:improve this section
406:improve this section
145:improve this article
1101:Republic of Lakotah
1091:Native American Day
921:. Grove Weidenfeld.
835:The Washington Post
822:. 10 November 1972.
820:The Washington Post
748:National Geographic
78:of this article is
1283:Tom B.K. Goldtooth
1096:Red Power movement
1055:Incident at Oglala
1004:Red Power movement
791:The New York Times
360:tribal sovereignty
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1183:Edgar Bear Runner
999:Rainbow Coalition
665:According to the
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1253:Robert Roche
1248:Ray Robinson
1238:Philip Yenyo
1203:John Trudell
1173:Dennis Banks
1081:Little Earth
1044:
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919:Lakota Woman
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901:. Retrieved
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1178:Dick Wilson
1163:Carter Camp
569:August 2017
422:August 2017
374:Preparation
260:August 2014
201:August 2014
99:August 2014
1313:Categories
982:Background
903:2023-08-03
866:2022-05-22
804:2021-01-07
758:2020-12-31
730:References
521:Occupation
171:newspapers
76:neutrality
39:improve it
1141:Activists
861:0190-8286
799:0362-4331
540:does not
468:of Canada
447:attorneys
393:does not
332:rights.
316:with the
248:talk page
87:talk page
45:talk page
1273:Sundance
80:disputed
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