329:âFrom 1880 to 1890 burlesque gained considerably in popularity and had developed into a definite form of entertainment, with a first part, olio and afterpiece or burlesque. Most of the shows that were rated as burlesque shows between 1870 and 1880 were partly of the minstrel type, and many contained casts entirely composed of women. Among the shows organized from 1880 to 1890 were the Ida Siddonâs Female Mastodons & Burlesque Co.âSam T. Jackâs âLily Clayâs" Adamless Eden Gaiety Co.âLillie Hallâs BurlesquersâMadame Girard Gyerâs English Novelty Co.âBob Manchesterâs âNight Owls"âMay Howardâs Co. (managed by Harry Morris, her husband and Tom Miaco)âthe âCity Club,â organized by the same managersâSam T. Jackâs âCreole Burlesquers,â an all-negro showâFay Foster Co., organized by Joe OppenheimerâRose Hill English Folly Co., managed by George W. Rice and Charles BartonâWeber and Fieldsâ Vaudeville ClubâJohn S. Grievesâ BurlesquersâBoomâs âModel Burlesquers,âââParisian Follyââand John H. Smithsâ âHenry Burlesquers,â in which McIntyre and Heath appeared.â
284:'s burlesque troupe, "The British Blondes". It was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868â1869 theatrical season: "The eccentricities of pantomime and burlesque â with their curious combination of comedy, parody, satire, improvisation, song and dance, variety acts, cross-dressing, extravagant stage effects, risquĂ© jokes and saucy costumes â while familiar enough to British audiences, took New York by storm." Unfortunately, âthe female audiences for burlesque did not last for long. In the summer of 1869 a wave of âanti-burlesque hysteriaâ in the New York press frightened away the middle-class audiences ... and sent the Thompson troupe prematurely packing for a national tourâ. After this untimely closure, backlash against burlesque continued to grow. Thompson's shows were described as a âdisgraceful spectacle of padded legs jiggling and wriggling in the insensate follies and indecencies of the hourâ. The
498:
821:
610:
520:) noted in 1910: "Chicago ... had a fierce pioneer gaiety that enlivened the senses, yet underlying it throbbed masculine loneliness. Counteracting this somatic ailment was a national distraction known as the burlesque show, consisting of a coterie of rough-and-tumble comedians supported by twenty or more chorus girls. Some were pretty, others shopworn. Some of the comedians were funny, most of the shows were smutty harem comedies â coarse and cynical affairs".
529:
341:. Also known as the Columbia Wheel, it produced over three dozen touring shows each year that rotated through an equal number of affiliated theaters. Columbia crushed smaller circuits or bought them outright, and organized a subsidiary circuit, the American Wheel, which played less prominent theaters and didn't censor performers as strictly as the main wheel. Before World War I, Columbia burlesque was generally family-friendly. Performers included
140:
43:
1897:
381:. Many performers and producers abandoned Columbia, which was seen as old-fashioned and in decline. At its peak, Mutual sent up to 50 shows on the road each year to cycle through as many affiliated theaters. Mutual's shows were more risque than Columbia's, but not as racy as shows mounted by local stock burlesque theaters such as the
936:. Critics found it "perversely tame" and "closer to your grandmotherâs fan dance than to the neo-burlesque revues that began popping up in the early 1990s". Additionally, it "wags its derriĂšre, in the direction of new burlesque, but itâs strictly old school ... with a story line that had already gathered dust by ... 1933."
439:
Mutual collapsed in 1931 during the Great
Depression. As legitimate Broadway shows closed, stock burlesque impresarios like the Minskys expanded out of working class neighborhoods and into theaters in and around Times Square. Stock burlesque companies multiplied in other cities and snatched up former
216:
The term "burlesque" more generally means a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter by caricaturing the manner or spirit of serious works, or by ludicrous treatment of their subjects. Burlesque in literature and in theatre through the 19th century was intentionally ridiculous in
247:: Macbeth and Banquo enter under an umbrella, and the witches greet them with "Hail! hail! hail!" Macbeth asks Banquo, "What mean these salutations, noble thane?" and is told, "These showers of 'Hail' anticipate your 'reign'". A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in
636:
Producer W. Merle
Connell improved on Goldstone's template by staging the action in a movie studio, where he could control the camerawork, lighting, and sound, including close-ups and other studio photographic and editorial techniques. Connell began his burlesque series in 1947, doing business as
236:
text or music from the original work. The comedy often stemmed from the incongruity and absurdity of the classical subjects, with realistic historical dress and settings, being juxtaposed with the modern activities portrayed by the actors. The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets,
893:, and comedy/variety acts. Although neo-burlesque acts honor previous acts, they often lack elements of parody, and political commentary that was commonplace in traditional burlesque. There are modern burlesque performers and shows all over the world, and annual conventions such as the
444:
clamped down on burlesque beginning in 1937 and effectively put it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached "its final shabby demise".
440:
Mutual talent. By the late 1930s, shows had changed from ribald ensemble performances of skits and musical numbers to a succession of solo stripteasers. Clergy, anti-vice factions and local businesses urged crack downs on burlesque, which began its downfall. In New York, Mayor
837:
A new generation nostalgic for the spectacle and perceived glamour of the old times determined to bring burlesque back. This revival was pioneered independently in the early 1990s by Billie Madley's "Cinema" and later with Ami
Goodheart in "Dutch Weismann's Follies" revues in
637:
Quality
Pictures. At first Connell produced 10- and 20-minute short subjects for the home-movie market; these were printed in 16mm sound and 8mm silent versions. The format usually called for two lowbrow burlesque comedians, several showgirls, and a featured burlesque dancer.
654:
recreates a classic
American burlesque presentation. In a time when some theater owners were desperate to lure audiences away from their television sets, these low-budget burlesque features were useful novelty attractions, and the format continued through the mid-1950s.
217:
that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted.
148:
305:. American burlesque rapidly adopted the minstrel show's tripartite structure: part one was composed of songs and dances rendered by a female company, interspersed with low comedy from male comedians. Part two featured various short specialties and
649:
was a comedy sketch set in Egypt, with explorers discovering dancing girls among ancient tombs. These "for men only" attractions sold so well that Merle
Connell began producing feature films for movie theaters. His 1951 production
493:
that, "Burlesque is elastic; more so, perhaps, than any other form in theatrical entertainment", meaning that burlesque performers didn't need to perform in a certain way. The performers could structure their show how they wanted.
231:
in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, often risqué in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and quoting or
753:(1955). These films, as their titles imply, were only teasing the viewer: the girls wore revealing costumes, but there was never any nudity. In the late 1950s, however, provocative films emerged, sometimes using a "
297:(1866), became popular around the same time. The influence of the minstrel show soon followed; one of the first American burlesque troupes was the Rentz-Santley Novelty and Burlesque Company, created in 1870 by
194:
element overshadowed the comedy and subjected burlesque to extensive local legislation. Burlesque gradually lost its popularity, beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on
889:
Neo-Burlesque has taken many forms, but all have the common trait of honoring one or more of burlesque's previous incarnations, with acts including striptease, expensive costumes, bawdy humor,
720:(1954) is an example of burlesque entertainment on film, equally showcasing girls and gags, although it shifts the venue from a burlesque-house stage to a popular nightclub. Photographer
787:, which she directed and in which also performed. (In 1968, she wrote a book with the same title.) Corio's show toured for almost two decades. In 1979, the Broadway musical
2564:
775:, a musical with music and lyrics by Johnny Mercer and book by Hy Kraft and starring Phil Silvers premiered on Broadway in 1951. The original Broadway production of "
2882:
2920:
2846:
2865:
894:
389:, which became the dominant ingredient of burlesque by the mid 1920s. The transition from traditional burlesque to striptease is depicted in the film
1876:
580:
2547:
1630:, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter, 1965), pp. 49â61, Folger Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University, accessed February 2, 2011
633:(1946), directed by future TV executive Duke Goldstone, where a standard burlesque show was staged in a theater and photographed from a distance.
2910:
2757:
DiNardo, Kelly. "Gilded Lili: Lili St. Cyr and the
Striptease Mystique"; Archive of articles, video, pictures and interviews about neo-burlesque.
1550:
309:
in which the women did not appear. The show's finish was a grand finale. Sometimes the entertainment was followed by a boxing or wrestling match.
1726:
2748:
2729:
2073:
1708:
2837:
2915:
2498:"Art Gallery Sues Idaho Police for Old-Fashioned Liquor Law After Burlesque Bust: Are the state's laws antiquated and unconstitutional?"
369:
Columbia's
American Wheel subsidiary went bankrupt in 1922, but some of its executives and producers formed a new, independent circuit,
60:
302:
2802:
2781:
2705:
2519:
126:
798:
592:
477:
between the upper classes and lower classes of society, much of the humor and entertainment of later
American burlesque focused on
391:
596:(1968), starring Jason Robards, depicted burlesque of the 1920s and 1930s. Other films that include burlesque characters include
107:
31:
2126:
497:
820:
79:
1554:, "the various genre terms were always applied freely", and by the 1860s their use had become "arbitrary and capricious": see
385:
at the
National Winter Garden on the Lower East Side. The popular burlesque show of this period eventually evolved to include
1434:
64:
966:
932:, attempted to capitalize on the burlesque revival. However, it received mixed reviews and a score of 37% on movie website
2760:
1535:
920:
678:
86:
2879:
2581:
Siebler, Kay (2015). "What's so Feminist about Garters and Bustiers? Neo-Burlesque as Post-feminist Sexual Liberation".
794:
370:
1440:
1416:
898:
156:
288:
consistently expressed its disgust of burlesque, even headlining an article with the plea âExit British Burlesqueâ.
93:
2048:
609:
374:
350:
338:
53:
1446:
1221:
1111:
906:
824:
606:
feature classic burlesque routines, such as "The Lemon Bit," "Crazy House," and "Slowly I Turned/Niagara Falls."
629:
Enterprising low-budget producers transferred actual burlesque revues to film, beginning in 1946. The first was
264:
There were three main influences on American burlesque in its early years: Victorian burlesque, "leg shows" and
75:
674:
states that most only cost about $ 15,000 because they were shot quickly and often done in less than a day.
186:
became popular in the United States in the late 1860s and slowly evolved to feature ribald comedy and female
2097:
1131:
251:, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqué.
2643:
602:, a 1941 screwball comedy starring Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck. Additionally, many of the comedies of
2895:
1484:
1467:
1026:
788:
779:" opened on May 21, 1959 and closed on March 25, 1961 after 702 performances. In 1962, famed strip teaser
670:
Some figures from the 1950s indicate that burlesque films could cost upwards of $ 50,000 to produce, but
2544:
1776:
1646:
1607:
1555:
395:(1968). Several performers claimed or have been given credit for being the first stripteaser. Comedians
306:
1381:
1371:
382:
805:, opened on February 6, 2009, at the Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles, and ran three weeks. A 2013 play,
280:
Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York with the arrival from England of
2792:
1882:, ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast, Gale Virtual Reference Library, accessed February 16, 2011
1226:
1211:
1076:
1021:
771:
545:
202:
from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s.
1341:
2479:
1919:
Schaefer, Eric (1997). "The Obscene Seen: Spectacle and Transgression in Postwar Burlesque Films".
1196:
1181:
1166:
1121:
1036:
946:
851:
603:
516:
462:
220:
171:
2771:
2695:
2454:
1977:
1391:
2740:
2598:
1982:
1936:
1460:
1376:
925:
911:
570:
490:
441:
298:
151:
1386:
812:
written by Douglas Carter Beane, focuses on a camp stock character in a 1930s burlesque troupe.
100:
550:, a 1929 black-and-white backstage musical talkie directed by Rouben Mamoulian. Others include
528:
2816:
2798:
2777:
2744:
2725:
2701:
2069:
1479:
1428:
1422:
1246:
883:
622:
556:
268:. British-style burlesques had been successfully presented in New York as early as the 1840s.
2590:
2315:
1954:
1928:
1713:
1306:
1241:
986:
754:
378:
273:
2377:
2253:
2886:
2621:
2551:
2178:
2151:
1611:
1366:
1236:
1216:
1191:
1101:
961:
933:
875:
776:
716:
Later, other producers entered the field, using color photography and even location work.
586:
511:
486:
293:
2859:
537:
312:
By the 1880s, the four distinguishing characteristics of American burlesque had evolved:
2673:
2284:
147:
2063:
1642:
1396:
1346:
1266:
1176:
1106:
1011:
951:
871:
863:
617:
503:
474:
428:
358:
281:
227:", was popular in London theatres between the 1830s and the 1890s. It took the form of
199:
2904:
2851:
2602:
2408:
1901:
1569:, the three terms are used interchangeably: see Adams, W. Davenport. "Burlesque: Old
1336:
1271:
1231:
1201:
1186:
1066:
1061:
1051:
976:
902:
859:
839:
832:
642:
613:
412:
265:
248:
179:
1758:
139:
2662:
2346:
1351:
1326:
1316:
1301:
1276:
1206:
1091:
1086:
1041:
981:
867:
598:
424:
416:
404:
400:
346:
228:
224:
167:
2497:
361:, all of whom eventually left burlesque for Broadway musical comedies and revues.
2594:
2565:"This ain't your granddad's burlesque â but he sure wouldn't mind watching"
1790:
1473:
1356:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1296:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1151:
1136:
1126:
1046:
1016:
1006:
956:
847:
843:
732:
728:
725:
721:
664:
478:
458:
42:
2689:
Diamonds From the Rough â The Darker Side of American Burlesque striptease
2228:
2203:
1281:
1156:
1116:
1096:
1071:
1056:
991:
971:
915:
noted that burlesque had made a comeback in the city's art performance scene.
855:
743:
737:
724:
filmed a very profitable series of burlesque features, usually featuring star
671:
470:
408:
396:
386:
354:
191:
175:
17:
1668:
544:
Burlesque shows have been depicted in numerous dramatic films, starting with
2616:
1740:
1291:
1286:
1171:
1161:
1146:
1081:
1031:
1001:
807:
780:
749:
420:
342:
337:
Burlesque in the first two decades of the 20th century was dominated by the
211:
195:
183:
2873:
2764:
2065:"Bold! Daring! Shocking! True!": A History of Exploitation Films, 1919â1959
2876:
at Musicals101.com, The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film
2824:
667:, who whimsically shared screen credit with ancient jokesmith Joe Miller!
1401:
1361:
1141:
996:
879:
532:
482:
233:
2841:
2438:
2820:
2418:
2387:
2356:
2325:
2294:
2263:
1940:
1623:
890:
243:
2880:"A Guide to Classical Burlesque â Funny Ha Ha or Funny Peculiar?"
1688:
1502:
2669:. Seventh edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers
2179:"Kino Lorber's Forbidden Fruit Series: A Bevy of Brazen Gender Roles"
677:
Burlesque films, by burlesque impresario Lillian Hunt, filmed at the
466:
454:
187:
2838:
Ruckus! American Entertainments at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
2683:
A Guide to Classical Burlesque â Funny Ha Ha or Funny Peculiar?
1932:
325:
Short routines or sketches with minimal plot cohesion across a show.
272:"The present school of burlesque originated with Lydia Thompson" -
2520:"How Anne McDonald Makes Art Accessible With Boise Burlesque Show"
2413:
2382:
2351:
2320:
2289:
2258:
886:
have included political satire and performance art in their acts.
819:
608:
527:
496:
198:
for the entertainment by recreating burlesque on the stage and in
1961:, Schirmer Reference, New York, 1997, accessed February 16, 2010
1900:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2858:
1894:
Variety July 7, 1922 Pg. 13 Col. 5. 'Where Burlesque Came From'
929:
757:" format, and the relatively tame burlesque-show film died out.
373:, that took inspiration from contemporary Broadway revues like
1689:"Public Music Performances in New York City from 1800 to 1850"
238:
36:
301:, who had earlier feminized the minstrel show with his group
2842:
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
1835:
Moses, Marlie. "Lydia Thompson and The âBritish Blondesâ.",
1604:
319:
Sexually suggestive dialogue, dance, plot lines and staging.
322:
Quick-witted humor laced with puns, but lacking complexity.
1759:"Streetswing's Burlesque History Archives: Lydia Thompson"
473:
and ran on competing circuits. Possibly due to historical
453:
Burlesque performances originally included comic sketches
731:
and various lowbrow comedians (including future TV star
2018:
2016:
1824:
Women in the American Theatre: Actresses and Audeiences
1464:, a 2010 documentary about the golden age of burlesque.
2443:. Internet Movie Database, accessed February 17, 2011.
2127:"The Lost Burlesque Auteur: The Films of Lillian Hunt"
1509:, Oxford University Press, accessed February 16, 2011
769:
opened September 1, 1927 and ran until July 14, 1928.
1695:, Vol. 6 (1970), pp. 5â50, accessed February 2, 2011
1675:, Online Library Edition, accessed February 16, 2011
316:
Minimal costuming, often focusing on the female form.
2737:
Baggy Pants Comedy: Burlesque and the Oral Tradition
2697:
Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
30:"Girlie show" redirects here. For other uses, see
2869:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 836.
2644:"Small-Town Girl Trades Her Naïveté for Lingerie"
1777:"Lydia Thompson, the "Father of All Drag Kings"?"
1653:. Oxford Music Online, accessed February 3, 2011
1561:. Oxford Music Online, accessed February 3, 2011
850:. Ivan Kane's Royal Jelly Burlesque Nightclub at
2480:"Burlesque Is the Word at Atlantic Cityâs Revel"
2098:"A School for Strippers: The ABC's of Stripping"
854:opened in 2012. Inspired by old time stars like
842:, Michelle Carr's "The Velvet Hammer" troupe in
2896:The Golden Days of Burlesque Historical Society
2571:, January 31, 2008, accessed February 24, 2011.
1693:Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical
2773:The short Oxford history of English literature
291:"Leg" shows, such as the musical extravaganza
1848:
8:
1822:Dudden, Faye E. "The Rise of the Leg Show",
1664:
1662:
783:put together a nostalgic off-Broadway show,
535:performing her burlesque dance in the film
2554:, May 21, 2005, accessed February 24, 2011
2052:, pp. 125â26, Simon & Schuster in 1964
1986:, 18 May 2008, accessed September 19, 2009
1603:ed. L. Macy, accessed 4 December 4, 2008,
1533:Speaight, George. "All froth and bubble",
895:Vancouver International Burlesque Festival
143:Advertisement for a burlesque troupe, 1898
1880:St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture
1818:
1816:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2794:The Cambridge Paperback Guide to Theatre
1871:
1869:
1599:Fredric Woodbridge Wilson: "Burlesque",
241:. A typical example from a burlesque of
146:
138:
2791:Stanton, Sarah; Banham, Martin (1996).
1551:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1521:
1495:
797:-era show. A loose stage adaptation of
2096:Zemeckis, Leslie (November 16, 2013).
1972:
1970:
1727:Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections
2034:
2022:
2007:
1995:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1860:
1565:. In an 1896 article on Burlesque in
827:at the 2009 Howl Festival in New York
581:She's Working Her Way Through College
7:
2921:Performing arts in the United States
2229:"Lee Evans â Too Hot to Handle 1950"
1590:(London: Henry and Co., 1891), p. 44
663:) was written by the young comedian
223:, sometimes known as "travesty" or "
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2177:Barrett, Michael (11 August 2021).
2125:Sorrento, Matthew (26 March 2023).
735:). Page's most famous features are
590:(1962), starring Natalie Wood, and
2847:Classic Burlesque: We Aim to Tease
2765:A History of The Musical Burlesque
2716:Burlesque and the New Bump-n-Grind
940:Notable stars, writers, and agents
568:(1946), starring Kathryn Grayson;
560:(1943) starring Barbara Stanwyck;
25:
2204:"Novita â Too Hot to Handle 1950"
870:, more recent performers include
578:(1947), starring Elyse Knox; and
574:(1946), starring Evelyn Ankers;
564:(1945) starring Constance Moore;
2891:The Curious Adventures of Kittie
2735:Davis, Andrew (8 January 2014).
2700:. Univ of North Carolina Press.
2687:Allan, Kirsty L. and Charms, G.
2672:Adams, William Davenport (1904)
2518:Barnhill, Frankie (2014-06-06).
1895:
584:(1952), starring Virginia Mayo.
554:(1936), starring Warner Baxter;
469:. The genre developed alongside
41:
32:The Girlie Show (disambiguation)
1717:. 12 September 1914. p. 18
303:Madame Rentz's Female Minstrels
206:Literary and theatrical origins
52:needs additional citations for
2911:Burlesque in the United States
2797:. Cambridge University Press.
2453:Mark Caldwell (May 18, 2008).
1435:New Orleans Burlesque Festival
799:The Night They Raided Minsky's
593:The Night They Raided Minsky's
514:(who starred in the 1915 film
392:The Night They Raided Minsky's
1:
2496:Cascone, Sarah (2016-09-20).
1837:Women in the American theatre
1741:"History of Burlesque Part I"
1536:The Times Literary Supplement
461:and high art, such as opera,
2815:. Hawthorn Books, Inc 1967,
2694:Allen, Robert Clyde (1991).
2667:A Glossary of Literary Terms
2595:10.1080/09589236.2013.861345
846:, and The Shim-Shamettes in
237:liberally peppered with bad
2840:From the collection of the
2813:The American Burlesque Show
2722:Burlesque: A Living History
2678:London: Chatto & Windus
1959:Baker's Dictionary of Music
1826:, New Haven, Yale UP (1994)
1577:, March 1, 1896, pp. 144â45
1447:Colorado Burlesque Festival
1441:New York Burlesque Festival
1417:Helsinki Burlesque Festival
1411:Notable burlesque festivals
899:New York Burlesque Festival
604:Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
431:performed in Mutual shows.
157:Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué
2937:
2916:Dance in the United States
2522:. Boise State Public Radio
1624:"Shakespearian Burlesques"
1539:, October 1, 1976, p. 1233
901:created by burlesque star
830:
765:A Broadway musical called
419:, as well as stripteasers
339:Columbia Amusement Company
209:
29:
2675:A dictionary of the drama
2583:Journal of Gender Studies
2068:. Duke University Press.
2010:, pp. 102, 125, 335.
1709:"THE GROWTH OF BURLESQUE"
1507:Oxford English Dictionary
907:Miss Exotic World Pageant
641:headlined burlesque star
190:. By the late 1920s, the
170:derived from elements of
2770:Sanders, Andrew (1994).
2486:, accessed June 18, 2012
1849:Stanton & Banham1996
1839:, New York, Crown (1981)
761:Stage shows and revivals
2866:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2720:Briggeman, Jane (2009)
2455:"The Almost Naked City"
2062:Schaefer, Eric (1999).
1978:"The Almost Naked City"
1963:(subscription required)
1884:(subscription required)
1795:Encyclopedia Britannica
1697:(subscription required)
1677:(subscription required)
1673:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1655:(subscription required)
1632:(subscription required)
1563:(subscription required)
1511:(subscription required)
967:Michael "Atters" Attree
905:and Jen Gapay, and the
681:in Los Angeles include
566:Two Sisters from Boston
375:Earl Carroll's Vanities
1485:Beef Trust (burlesque)
1468:Burlesque Hall of Fame
878:, and Anne McDonald.
828:
685:(1955), also known as
626:
562:Delightfully Dangerous
541:
508:
501:American burlesque on
449:Burlesque performances
278:
229:musical theatre parody
160:
144:
2849: â slideshow by
2569:Winston-Salem Journal
2378:"The A-B-C's of Love"
2316:"Hollywood Peep Show"
1953:Slonimsky, Nicholas,
1628:Shakespeare Quarterly
1605:(subscription access)
1586:Adams, W. Davenport.
1443:, New York City, U.S.
823:
612:
531:
500:
465:drama, and classical
270:
150:
142:
27:Genre of variety show
2874:History of Burlesque
1077:Jade Esteban Estrada
918:A 2010 musical film
76:"American burlesque"
61:improve this article
2776:. Clarendon Press.
2724:. BearManor Media.
2714:Baldwin, Michelle.
2650:, November 23, 2010
2478:Oliverie, Kristin.
2254:"Too Hot to Handle"
1763:www.streetswing.com
1745:www.musicals101.com
1588:A Book of Burlesque
1419:, Helsinki, Finland
1197:Angelique Pettyjohn
947:Abbott and Costello
909:are held. In 2008,
852:Revel Atlantic City
718:Naughty New Orleans
707:The A-B-C's of Love
699:Hollywood Peep Show
647:Tomb It May Concern
517:Burlesque on Carmen
485:subjects. In 1937,
276:, 12 September 1914
221:Victorian burlesque
172:Victorian burlesque
2885:2017-06-20 at the
2741:Palgrave Macmillan
2648:The New York Times
2617:"Burlesque (2010)"
2550:2008-07-20 at the
2459:The New York Times
2285:"Everybody's Girl"
2046:Chaplin, Charles.
1983:The New York Times
1808:The New York Times
1779:. August 26, 2014.
1687:Rogers, Delmer D.
1651:Grove Music Online
1610:2008-05-16 at the
1601:Grove Music Online
1559:Grove Music Online
1461:Behind the Burly Q
926:Christina Aguilera
912:The New York Times
829:
825:Miss Dirty Martini
785:This Was Burlesque
627:
571:Queen of Burlesque
542:
509:
442:Fiorello LaGuardia
403:(not yet a team),
299:Michael B. Leavitt
164:American burlesque
161:
152:Souvenir programme
145:
2860:"Burlesque"
2811:Zeidman, Irving:
2750:978-1-137-37872-9
2730:978-1-59393-469-9
2681:Allan, Kirsty L.
2642:Dargis, Manohla.
2563:Clodfelter, Tim.
2545:New York Magazine
2113:19 September 2020
2075:978-0-8223-2374-7
1548:According to the
1480:Womanless wedding
1437:, Louisiana, U.S.
1429:Moisture Festival
1423:Miss Exotic World
1382:Miss Poison Ivory
1372:Kiki la Chanteuse
1247:Olsen and Johnson
884:Cabaret Red Light
683:Too Hot to Handle
659:(1954, filmed as
639:Tops in Burlesque
623:Lady of Burlesque
557:Lady of Burlesque
552:King of Burlesque
524:Burlesque on film
435:1930s and decline
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2928:
2870:
2862:
2808:
2787:
2754:
2711:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2578:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2493:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2102:Burlesque Galaxy
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2059:
2053:
2049:My Autobiography
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1976:Caldwell, Mark.
1974:
1965:
1964:
1955:"Burlesque show"
1951:
1945:
1944:
1916:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1811:
1810:, 1 October 1868
1805:
1799:
1798:
1791:"Burlesque show"
1787:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1714:New York Clipper
1705:
1699:
1698:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1669:"Burlesque show"
1666:
1657:
1656:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1622:Wells, Stanley.
1620:
1614:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1564:
1546:
1540:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1425:, Las Vegas, U.S
1242:Kitten Natividad
1167:Michelle L'amour
1037:Catherine D'lish
987:Immodesty Blaize
695:Everybody's Girl
691:Midnight Frolics
687:Fig Leaf Frolics
631:Hollywood Revels
379:Ziegfeld Follies
274:New York Clipper
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2901:
2900:
2887:Wayback Machine
2857:
2834:
2805:
2790:
2784:
2769:
2751:
2734:
2708:
2693:
2659:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2622:Rotten Tomatoes
2615:
2614:
2610:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2562:
2558:
2552:Wayback Machine
2538:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:, pp. 189.
2021:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1933:10.2307/1225774
1918:
1917:
1908:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1643:Schwandt, Erich
1641:
1637:
1631:
1621:
1617:
1612:Wayback Machine
1598:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1562:
1547:
1543:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1456:
1431:, Seattle, U.S.
1413:
1406:
1367:Mollie Williams
1237:Julie Atlas Muz
1217:Pauline Markham
1192:Jayne Mansfield
1102:Gentry de Paris
962:Morey Amsterdam
942:
934:Rotten Tomatoes
882:groups such as
876:Julie Atlas Muz
835:
818:
763:
679:Follies Theatre
526:
512:Charlie Chaplin
487:Epes W. Sargent
475:social tensions
457:authority, the
451:
437:
367:
335:
294:The Black Crook
262:
257:
214:
208:
200:Hollywood films
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2877:
2871:
2855:
2844:
2833:
2832:External links
2830:
2829:
2828:
2809:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2767:
2758:
2755:
2749:
2732:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2670:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2635:
2608:
2589:(5): 561â573.
2573:
2556:
2532:
2510:
2488:
2484:The Daily Meal
2471:
2445:
2431:
2409:"Kiss Me Baby"
2400:
2369:
2338:
2307:
2276:
2245:
2220:
2195:
2169:
2152:"Lillian Hunt"
2143:
2117:
2088:
2074:
2054:
2039:
2037:, p. xii.
2027:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1966:
1946:
1921:Cinema Journal
1906:
1887:
1865:
1863:, p. 283.
1853:
1841:
1828:
1812:
1800:
1782:
1768:
1750:
1732:
1700:
1680:
1658:
1635:
1615:
1592:
1579:
1541:
1526:
1524:, p. 291.
1514:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:, Denver, U.S.
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1397:Henny Youngman
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Dita Von Teese
1344:
1342:Venus De Light
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1267:Miss Polly Rae
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Gypsy Rose Lee
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Jackie Gleason
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Sherry Britton
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
952:Jack Albertson
949:
943:
941:
938:
872:Dita Von Teese
864:Gypsy Rose Lee
831:Main article:
817:
814:
793:, recreated a
762:
759:
661:Modern Follies
652:French Follies
618:Gloria Dickson
576:Linda, Be Good
525:
522:
450:
447:
436:
433:
429:Gypsy Rose Lee
366:
363:
359:Jay C. Flippen
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
320:
317:
286:New York Times
282:Lydia Thompson
266:minstrel shows
261:
258:
256:
253:
249:travesty roles
210:Main article:
207:
204:
180:minstrel shows
166:is a genre of
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
18:Burlesque show
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2933:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2852:Life magazine
2848:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2804:9780521446549
2800:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2783:9780198112020
2779:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:Kenrick, John
2759:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2707:9780807843161
2703:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2663:Abrams, M. H.
2661:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2541:Teasy Does It
2536:
2533:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2500:. ArtNet News
2499:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1998:, p. xi.
1997:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:public domain
1891:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1875:Humez, Nick.
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:, p. 50.
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Tempest Storm
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:Satan's Angel
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Angie Pontani
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Chesty Morgan
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Dirty Martini
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:Minsky Malone
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Lola the Vamp
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Jimmy Durante
1065:
1063:
1062:Phyllis Dixey
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Millie DeLeon
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
977:Irving Benson
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:
916:
914:
913:
908:
904:
903:Angie Pontani
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:Tempest Storm
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
834:
833:Neo-Burlesque
826:
822:
816:Neo-Burlesque
815:
813:
811:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
768:
760:
758:
756:
755:nudist colony
752:
751:
746:
745:
740:
739:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
657:Dream Follies
653:
648:
644:
643:Betty Rowland
640:
634:
632:
625:
624:
619:
615:
614:Marion Martin
611:
607:
605:
601:
600:
595:
594:
589:
588:
583:
582:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
548:
540:
539:
534:
530:
523:
521:
519:
518:
513:
506:
505:
499:
495:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:Shakespearean
460:
459:upper classes
456:
448:
446:
443:
434:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Billy Gilbert
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
330:
324:
321:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:
289:
287:
283:
277:
275:
269:
267:
259:
254:
252:
250:
246:
245:
240:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
159:
158:
153:
149:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2890:
2864:
2850:
2812:
2793:
2772:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2696:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2647:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2620:
2611:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2568:
2559:
2540:
2535:
2524:. Retrieved
2513:
2502:. Retrieved
2491:
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:
2448:
2439:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2412:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2381:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2350:
2347:"Peek-A-Boo"
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2319:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2182:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2120:
2112:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2064:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2030:
2003:
1991:
1981:
1958:
1949:
1927:(2): 41â66.
1924:
1920:
1890:
1879:
1877:"Burlesque".
1856:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1725:– via
1721:16 September
1719:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1692:
1683:
1672:
1650:
1638:
1627:
1618:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1556:"Burlesque,"
1549:
1544:
1534:
1529:
1522:Sanders 1994
1517:
1506:
1498:
1472:
1459:
1407:
1392:Samson Night
1352:Hinda Wausau
1327:Arnold Stang
1317:Phil Silvers
1302:Lili St. Cyr
1277:Rags Ragland
1207:Missy Malone
1092:Dwight Fiske
1087:W. C. Fields
1042:Danny Dayton
1022:Jack Cameron
982:Milton Berle
919:
917:
910:
888:
868:Lili St. Cyr
836:
806:
802:
790:Sugar Babies
789:
784:
770:
766:
764:
748:
742:
736:
717:
715:
711:Kiss Me Baby
710:
709:(1954), and
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
676:
669:
660:
656:
651:
646:
638:
635:
630:
628:
621:
620:in the film
599:Ball of Fire
597:
591:
585:
579:
575:
569:
565:
561:
555:
551:
546:
543:
538:I'm No Angel
536:
515:
510:
502:
452:
438:
425:Hinda Wausau
417:Rags Ragland
405:Harry Steppe
401:Lou Costello
390:
368:
347:Fannie Brice
336:
328:
311:
292:
290:
285:
279:
271:
263:
260:19th century
242:
225:extravaganza
219:
215:
168:variety show
163:
162:
155:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2889:Allan, K.,
2539:Sohn, Amy.
1647:"Burlesque"
1575:The Theatre
1567:The Theatre
1503:"Burlesque"
1377:Perle Noire
1357:Evelyn West
1332:Blaze Starr
1322:Red Skelton
1312:Tura Satana
1297:Benny Rubin
1262:Molly Picon
1257:Gloria Pall
1252:Bettie Page
1212:April March
1152:Bambi Jones
1137:Margie Hart
1132:Billy Hagan
1127:Dixie Evans
1047:Jami Deadly
1027:Jack Carter
1017:Red Buttons
1007:Fanny Brice
957:Robert Alda
924:, starring
848:New Orleans
844:Los Angeles
747:(1954) and
733:Joe E. Ross
729:Bettie Page
726:pin-up girl
722:Irving Klaw
665:Lenny Bruce
351:Bobby Clark
2905:Categories
2657:References
2526:2016-09-22
2504:2016-09-22
2440:Striporama
2183:PopMatters
2131:FilmInt.nu
2035:Allen 1991
2023:Allen 1991
2008:Allen 1991
1996:Allen 1991
1861:Allen 1991
1387:P No Noire
1282:Sally Rand
1157:Danny Kaye
1122:Jennie Lee
1117:Gilda Gray
1112:John Grant
1097:Fanne Foxe
1072:Leon Errol
1057:Joe DeRita
992:Bella Blue
972:Candy Barr
856:Sally Rand
772:Top Banana
744:Varietease
738:Striporama
703:Peek-A-Boo
672:Dan Sonney
471:vaudeville
455:lampooning
409:Joe Penner
397:Bud Abbott
387:striptease
355:Leon Errol
234:pastiching
192:striptease
176:music hall
117:March 2024
87:newspapers
2825:493184629
2603:144374794
2158:. tcm.com
1292:Liz Renay
1287:Alan Reed
1227:Tim Moore
1172:Pinky Lee
1162:Bert Lahr
1147:Al Jolson
1082:Joey Faye
1032:Ann Corio
1002:Jac Bowie
921:Burlesque
808:The Nance
801:, called
781:Ann Corio
767:Burlesque
750:Teaserama
507:, c. 1900
489:wrote in
421:Ann Corio
365:1920â1930
343:Bert Lahr
333:1900â1920
212:Burlesque
196:nostalgia
184:Burlesque
2883:Archived
2628:April 5,
2548:Archived
2464:April 5,
1608:Archived
1474:Minsky's
1454:See also
1402:Joe Yule
1362:Mae West
1182:Al Lewis
1142:Bob Hope
997:Ben Blue
880:Agitprop
840:New York
803:Minsky's
741:(1953),
713:(1957).
705:(1953),
701:(1953),
697:(1951),
693:(1949),
547:Applause
533:Mae West
377:and the
2665:(1999)
2424:21 July
2419:tcm.com
2393:21 July
2388:tcm.com
2362:21 July
2357:tcm.com
2331:21 July
2326:tcm.com
2300:21 July
2295:tcm.com
2269:21 July
2264:tcm.com
2238:21 July
2233:youtube
2213:21 July
2208:youtube
2188:21 July
2162:21 July
2136:21 July
2107:21 July
2081:21 July
1941:1225774
1645:et al.
891:cabaret
504:Ben Hur
491:Variety
479:lowbrow
383:Minskys
255:History
244:Macbeth
101:scholar
2821:192808
2819:
2801:
2780:
2747:
2728:
2704:
2601:
2072:
1939:
1573:New",
897:, the
866:, and
795:Mutual
483:ribald
467:ballet
427:, and
415:, and
371:Mutual
357:, and
349:, and
188:nudity
178:, and
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2599:S2CID
2414:tcmdb
2383:tcmdb
2352:tcmdb
2321:tcmdb
2290:tcmdb
2259:tcmdb
2156:tcmdb
1937:JSTOR
1491:Notes
777:Gypsy
587:Gypsy
307:olios
108:JSTOR
94:books
2817:OCLC
2799:ISBN
2778:ISBN
2745:ISBN
2743:US.
2726:ISBN
2702:ISBN
2630:2013
2466:2013
2426:2023
2395:2023
2364:2023
2333:2023
2302:2023
2271:2023
2240:2023
2215:2023
2190:2023
2164:2023
2138:2023
2109:2023
2083:2023
2070:ISBN
1723:2024
930:Cher
928:and
616:and
481:and
239:puns
154:for
80:news
2591:doi
1929:doi
63:by
2907::
2863:.
2823:,
2763:.
2739:.
2646:,
2619:.
2597:.
2587:24
2585:.
2567:.
2543:,
2482:,
2457:.
2417:.
2411:.
2386:.
2380:.
2355:.
2349:.
2324:.
2318:.
2293:.
2287:.
2262:.
2256:.
2231:.
2206:.
2181:.
2154:.
2129:.
2111:.
2100:.
2015:^
1980:,
1969:^
1957:,
1935:.
1925:36
1923:.
1909:^
1868:^
1815:^
1793:.
1761:.
1743:.
1711:.
1691:,
1671:,
1661:^
1649:,
1626:,
1571:v.
1505:,
874:,
862:,
858:,
689:,
645:;
423:,
411:,
407:,
399:,
353:,
345:,
182:.
174:,
2827:.
2807:.
2786:.
2753:.
2710:.
2632:.
2605:.
2593::
2529:.
2507:.
2468:.
2428:.
2397:.
2366:.
2335:.
2304:.
2273:.
2242:.
2217:.
2192:.
2166:.
2140:.
2085:.
1943:.
1931::
1904:.
1797:.
1765:.
1747:.
1729:.
810:,
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
