250:"main panel" paintings came to the attention of the general public due to the work of the ASASC. This was largely due to two of the crew members: the artist Charles La Monk, who made full-scale reproductions of several of the paintings, and who published a short report on his work in 1953, and Gordon Redtfeldt, who made several field sketches at this time. La Monk's paintings and Redtfeldt's sketches were circulated in the archaeological community, and knowledge of the existence of the site and the paintings began to spread. In 1959ā1960, Dr. Charles Rozaire performed the first general survey of the area and he recorded eleven more-or-less distinct "sites." These were given the State of California site numbers CA-VEN-151 to CA-VEN-161; the Burro Flats painted cave itself thus became CA-VEN-160. Rozaire also performed new excavations in the same area where the ASASC had worked some years earlier. This was at what Rozaire had recorded as CA-VEN-151. These two "sites" are adjacent to each other, but are distinct; there was no archaeological deposit in the painted cave, the floor of which is bedrock. The artifacts that Rozaire recovered were added to the ASASC collections, and they are now also in the possession of the Autry Museum. Of the Burro Flats cave art, Rozaire noted that they are most like "those in the west-central coast ranges of Santa Barbara, Kern, Los Angeles, and Ventura counties." As such, the painting were composed in what is now called the Chumash-style. This was confirmed by the noted rock art expert, Campbell Grant, who visited the site in the mid-1960s. Grant recorded the main panel in detail and gave it his number Ventura-4, and he described it as his Ventureno (i.e. Eastern Chumash)
230:, and was used exclusively for cattle and sheep grazing throughout the Spanish and Mexican periods, and well into the American Period, until the mid-20th Century. The Josiah D. Whitney Expedition arrived in February 1861. They were exploring and mapping California which had been acquired by the United States a decade earlier. Whitney himself was not with the group, which was led by William H. Brewer. Brewer's history of his explorations can be found in "Up and Down California in 1860ā1864" (2003:45-46 University of California Press). Brewer's party explored a large area in a short amount of time, and he does not specifically mention any native "rock art." The first non-native person known to have visited the site was Walter Brinkop, who was a member of the Pierre Agoure family, for whom the
239:. At about the same time Brinkop visited, members of the local Native American community told the anthropologist John Peabody Harrington that there had been "a very large rancheria" at Burro Flats, and that "There are painted caves" near the old village (John P. Harrington Fernandeno Reel 106 notes; transcripts of Harrington's 19-teen notes were not published until 1986). In 1939 the Burro Flats area was acquired by the Henry Silvernale and William Hall families, who named their property "Sky Valley Ranch." Area historic research by Bob Edberg has shown that William Hall's family was familiar with the local Native American community, and it is likely that the local Native American community continued to have access to the area, at least until Sky Valley Ranch was acquired by
254:(see Rock Paintings of the Chumash 1965). The area was examined again in 1973 by the archaeologist Franklin Fenenga, who consolidated all 11 of Rozaire's "sites" into a single large site, although Rozaire's 11 "site" numbers continued to be cited by many researchers. Fenenga said that, "Because of its magnitude, the complex of features which are integral to it, the dramatic physiographic location, the unmodified natural landscape, and the fine state of preservation one of the major examples of aboriginal American art, one of the most important archaeological sites in America and it certainly meets the criteria for inclusion in the
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258:." The area that was first described by Rozaire in the 1960s, and later by Fenenga in 1973, was listed on the National Register in 1976. The listing is called "Burro Flats Painted Cave," which is of itself actually only one site-locus. The 25 acres that were listed include at least 24 loci, many of which include pictographs, petroglyphs, and cupules. In the border reduction, it is referred to as the "Burro Flats Site", the title-case version of the "Burro Flats site" found in many sources.
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Places (the nomination is pending, as of May 2019). In order to guard the pictographs, the exact location of the cave is kept secret. Archeologists are allowed to occasionally visit the site for research purposes only ā no casual visitors are allowed, and only members of the local Native
American community are granted regular access.
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unauthorized people out of the immediate area. In 1978, the pictographs were the subject of the documentary film, "Cave
Paintings of the Chumash Indians." The Santa Susana Field Laboratory has been closed for many years and is undergoing a complex cleanup. Historical Resource studies and site protection are part of the process.
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has requested the return of the site to the tribe. The Santa Ynez
Chumash have suggested that the general area be renamed The Sky Valley/'Alapay a 'altuqipin Traditional Cultural Property, and the tribe has nominated the entire former Santa Susana Field Laboratory to the National Register of Historic
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transferred an easement to the North
American Land Trust which requires their property to remain as open space and protected from residential and agricultural development by future owners. NASA has declared its part of the former Field Laboratory to be "excess government property" and will divest its
188:" motifs, possible comet figures, and many more naturalistic elements. The Burro Flats cave pictographs are some of the best-preserved Native American art in Southern California. Archaeologists estimate the paintings to be several hundred years old. The site was used to predict and celebrate the
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Additional research in the early 1990s refined previous descriptions of the 25-acre
National Register of Historic Places-listed site complex, which was re-recorded, generally following Fenenga's 1973 definition of the site boundaries, as CA-VEN-1072. The Burro Flats "main panel" (i.e. Rozaire's
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area is named. Brinkop made several simple field sketches of the cave art in 1914, and he presented his drawings to Dr. Hector
Alliott, the then Director of the Southwest Indian Museum, in Los Angeles. Almost 40 years later, the Archaeological Survey Association of Southern California (ASASC)
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Tribal leaders expressed concern about damage that could result from vandals or weather and asked NASA to enclose the cave in glass, but this was never done, in order to keep the site and surrounding area as pristine as possible. However, the site and surrounding area was fenced off, to keep
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in 1976, with a boundary decrease in 2020. The main panel includes dozens of pictographs in a variety of colors. The cave is in the mountains, near the bi-lingual
Chumash/Fernandeno village of Huwam/Jucjauynga. The Burro Flats painted cave and the rest of the former
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tribal leader Rudy Ortega, Sr. said, "We really know very little of our heritage. ... The paintings are one of the few physical links to our heritage. We hope one day to interpret their stories for our people."
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The work by the ASASC, Rozaire, Grant, and
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A replica of the pictographs can be seen on a six-foot-high wall in the magazine area of Simi Valley
Library.
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performed extensive archaeological excavations at the site. The thousands of artifacts recovered are at the
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Among the pictographs are two human figures wearing feathered headdresses. There are also "raked
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holding, following area clean-up. Those acres will most likely become permanent open space also.
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University and college buildings listed on the
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in California
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1995 Slides of Burro Flats by Clive Ruggles, University of Leicester U.K.
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List of Registered Historic Places in Ventura County, California
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167:"main panel" and the surrounding 25-acres were listed on the
363:"Weekly List of actions taken: 3/26/2020 through 7/2/2020"
196:(the property owner) to safeguard the site. At the time,
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is a painted cave site located near Burro Flats, in the
426:"Santa Susana Field Lab secured as open space habitat"
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Rancho San JosƩ de Nuestra Senora de Altagracia y Simi
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Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park, California
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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Keys to the County: Touring Historic Ventura County
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1197:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
311:Painted Rock (San Luis Obispo County, California)
226:The Sky Valley/Burro Flats area was part of the
16:Archaeological site in California, United States
1589:National Register of Historic Places portal
278:CA-VEN-160) thus became CA-VEN-1072, Locus 10.
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400:"The Cave Paintings of the Chumash Indians"
57:Pictographs in the Burro Flats painted cave
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301:History of the San Fernando Valley to 1915
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1137:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
457:"2017 Burro Flats Burro Pictograph Site"
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1655:Landforms of Ventura County, California
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336:"National Register Information System"
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1665:Native American history of California
1650:History of Ventura County, California
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849:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
692:Energy Technology Engineering Center
341:National Register of Historic Places
256:National Register of Historic Places
192:. In 1971, FernandeƱo Indians asked
169:National Register of Historic Places
614:Simi Valley Unified School District
512:. Ventura County Museum. Page 158.
436:from the original on April 29, 2017
1645:History of the San Fernando Valley
1640:History of Simi Valley, California
1620:Archaeological sites in California
1552:National Historic Preservation Act
677:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
485:"Pictographic Rock Art at Momonga"
176:are not accessible to the public.
14:
667:Grandma Prisbrey's Bottle Village
384:"Film on Indian Cave Paintings".
237:Autry Museum of the American West
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1593:
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776:Indigenous peoples of California
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483:Knight, Albert (March 1, 2019).
455:Knight, Albert (June 16, 2017).
424:Abram, Susan (April 29, 2017).
1670:Rock art of the Chumash people
1505:Federated States of Micronesia
1151:Architectural style categories
947:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
316:Rock art of the Chumash people
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1:
687:Santa Susana Field Laboratory
596:Simi Valley Police Department
174:Santa Susana Field Laboratory
404:American Indian Film Gallery
21:United States historic place
699:Simi AdobeāStrathearn House
541:Echoes of the Ancient Skies
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1557:Historic Preservation Fund
1536:American Legation, Morocco
641:Grace Brethren High School
161:Ventura County, California
71:Ventura County, California
1680:Archaeological type sites
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1498:Lists by associated state
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662:Corriganville Movie Ranch
111:NRHP reference
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26:
1479:Northern Mariana Islands
730:This list is incomplete.
657:Burro Flats Painted Cave
624:Santa Susana High School
98:Architectural style
1045:Plains and Sierra Miwok
904:(DiegueƱo, Ipai, Tipai)
629:Simi Valley High School
582:Simi Valley, California
365:. National Park Service
241:North American Aviation
82:Bell Canyon, California
1474:Minor Outlying Islands
1457:Lists by insular areas
1171:Keeper of the Register
508:Brant, Cherie (2006).
142:Boundary decrease
1176:National Park Service
1156:Contributing property
1014:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
847:Eel River Athapaskans
346:National Park Service
266:(the Director of the
163:, United States. The
1531:District of Columbia
388:. November 12, 1978.
268:Griffith Observatory
1630:Caves of California
715:Simi Valley station
682:Santa Susana Depot
634:Apollo High School
282:In popular culture
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1161:Historic district
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619:Royal High School
607:secondary schools
386:Los Angeles Times
348:. April 15, 2008.
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186:anthropomorph
179:
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165:Chumash-style
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134:Added to NRHP
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1403:South Dakota
1393:Rhode Island
1388:Pennsylvania
1368:North Dakota
1036:(GabrieliƱo)
1020:(FernandeƱo)
925:(Bear River)
546:Google Books
539:
509:
504:
492:. Retrieved
488:
478:
466:. Retrieved
460:
450:
440:November 25,
438:. Retrieved
429:
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409:November 26,
407:. Retrieved
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394:
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367:. Retrieved
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260:
245:
232:Agoura Hills
225:
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203:
183:
152:
150:
145:July 2, 2020
78:Nearest city
18:
1524:Other areas
1484:Puerto Rico
1318:Mississippi
1233:Connecticut
1040:TĆ¼batulabal
858:Halchidhoma
837:Coast Miwok
797:Ahwahnechee
605:Primary and
264:Edwin Krupp
180:Pictographs
159:of eastern
137:May 5, 1976
1675:Simi Hills
1614:Categories
1433:Washington
1353:New Mexico
1348:New Jersey
1223:California
965:Kucadikadi
908:Lake Miwok
822:Chemehuevi
792:Acjachemen
430:Daily News
322:References
248:polychrome
198:FernandeƱo
157:Simi Hills
102:Pictograph
67:Simi Hills
1443:Wisconsin
1408:Tennessee
1313:Minnesota
1288:Louisiana
1075:Wukchumni
979:Ramaytush
975:Costanoan
936:(Klamath)
929:Mechoopda
892:Kitanemuk
827:Chimariko
807:Bay Miwok
650:Landmarks
272:solstices
252:type site
122:100004883
88:Architect
1599:Category
1428:Virginia
1378:Oklahoma
1358:New York
1333:Nebraska
1323:Missouri
1308:Michigan
1298:Maryland
1283:Kentucky
1263:Illinois
1238:Delaware
1228:Colorado
1218:Arkansas
1024:Timbisha
1018:Tataviam
902:Kumeyaay
887:Kawaiisu
817:Cahuilla
802:Atsugewi
787:Achomawi
589:Agencies
489:Academia
462:Academia
434:Archived
369:July 28,
290:See also
118:76000539
105:Rock art
63:Location
1635:Chumash
1545:Related
1448:Wyoming
1423:Vermont
1328:Montana
1268:Indiana
1248:Georgia
1243:Florida
1213:Arizona
1203:Alabama
1050:Vanyume
1007:Serrano
1002:Salinan
996:Quechan
956:Nomlaki
951:Nisenan
923:Mattole
913:LuiseƱo
871:Whilkut
867:Chilula
853:Esselen
832:Chumash
222:History
1383:Oregon
1338:Nevada
1278:Kansas
1253:Hawaii
1208:Alaska
1144:Topics
1085:Yokuts
1060:Washoe
1034:Tongva
1029:Tolowa
1012:Shasta
998:(Yuma)
986:Patwin
971:Ohlone
940:Mohave
842:CupeƱo
811:Saklan
516:
207:Boeing
1515:Palau
1413:Texas
1293:Maine
1258:Idaho
1095:Yurok
1070:Wiyot
1065:Wintu
1055:Wappo
934:Modoc
918:Maidu
882:Cahto
877:Karuk
1469:Guam
1418:Utah
1373:Ohio
1273:Iowa
1090:Yuki
1080:Yana
991:Pomo
945:Mono
897:Kizh
863:Hupa
514:ISBN
496:2019
470:2019
442:2019
411:2019
371:2020
246:The
213:The
194:NASA
151:The
113:No.
1616::
869:,
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354:^
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69:,
1199::
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809:(
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373:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
