130:
1792:
1815:
1776:
108:
1759:
Studied
Buthidae toxins have been found to hyperpolarize nerves and slow inactivation, causing painful nerve firing that can last for hours. Many toxins trigger Na+ channels to open prematurely, causing excess sodium ion leakage that triggers nerve signal transduction. Other toxins have been found
1763:
The Na+ channel toxins of both Old World and New World
Buthids (from Africa/Asia and the Americas, respectively) have a similar protein homology and mechanism of action. It is speculated that toxins from these two groups are derived from the evolutionary ancestor before divergence 150 million years
416:
are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the
Buthidae make up the
2076:
Rowe,A.H., Xiao, Y., Scales, J., Linse, K.D., Rowe, M.P., Cummins, T.R., Zakon, H.H. (2011): Isolation and
Characterization of CvIV4: A Pain Inducing α- Scorpion Toxin -
2291:
1760:
to bind K+ leak channels to prevent the flow of potassium ions, disallowing the hyperpolarized nerve membrane from depolarizing and returning to its resting state.
2317:
2427:
1873:
1946:
Wilson R. Lourenço; Jürgen Velten (2016). "A new genus and species of fossil scorpion from
Burmese Cretaceous amber (Scorpiones: Buthoidea: Buthidae)".
2265:
2422:
2304:
2417:
1731:
are notorious for their strong venom. Human fatalities have been recorded from fewer than two dozen species; identification of a particular
1590:
Few
Buthidae scorpions are among the larger scorpions; on average the members of this family are mid-sized tending towards smallish.
437:) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
2379:
1971:
Perry, 1995 from the
Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation (middle Eocene) of Colorado, USA (Scorpiones: Buthidae)"
431:
Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (
2005:
Giovannini, Catia; Baglioni, Michele; Baron Toaldo, Marco; Cescon, Matteo; Bolondi, Luigi; Gramantieri, Laura (2017-03-21).
2309:
1933:
2174:
2151:
1978:
2412:
2244:
1791:
2322:
2257:
1628:; and can reach 12 cm (about 5 in). Most of them have between two and five pairs of eyes. Some resemble the
129:
1870:
2077:
1798:
1735:
is likely problematic and detailed data on the venom exists only for a small fraction of the
Buthidae (see
2091:
880:
564:
2343:
1775:
1522:
433:
2179:
1485:
2361:
1966:
1640:
have one pair of eyes at most, and the former show a yellowish spot between and to the rear of these.
1474:
1320:
2384:
2213:
2138:
2018:
1741:
1298:
1056:
605:
1869:
Teruel, Rolando & Fet, Victor (eds.) (2005): Snyopsis of the described scorpions of the world -
1199:
1155:
1089:
1842:
1496:
1408:
1397:
1243:
539:
484:
462:
1375:
1364:
1276:
913:
869:
792:
649:
616:
517:
1747:
1598:
1592:
1540:
1441:
1430:
1254:
1221:
1144:
1122:
1100:
1045:
979:
968:
902:
803:
770:
737:
715:
495:
254:
242:
237:
124:
116:
2348:
1562:
1353:
1265:
1078:
957:
847:
1452:
1419:
1188:
1177:
1023:
1012:
814:
781:
671:
660:
627:
2407:
2330:
2200:
2052:
2034:
1987:
1820:
1551:
1331:
1287:
990:
946:
836:
748:
232:
2371:
2296:
726:
2335:
2042:
2026:
1782:
1607:
425:
369:
216:
1877:
1643:
Their vernacular name refers to the thick tails found in many
Buthidae, especially in the
825:
2022:
2252:
2239:
2129:
2047:
2006:
1727:
1463:
583:
418:
404:
1751:
is used in Cuban traditional medicine and has been tested as a medication for cancer.
2401:
1908:
576:
65:
1814:
1703:
1618:
1612:
1510:
1386:
1309:
1166:
1111:
924:
759:
704:
682:
550:
451:
398:
392:
107:
2205:
2143:
2278:
2156:
2123:
1709:
1697:
1633:
1210:
891:
528:
171:
40:
1837:
1810:
1721:
1665:
1629:
1624:
1529:
1232:
1067:
858:
572:
473:
85:
50:
30:
2114:
2038:
1991:
1669:) more vividly colored. More conspicuous patterns and shapes occur, e.g., in
2226:
1671:
1644:
1637:
1342:
1133:
935:
594:
506:
421:
409:
386:
201:
161:
141:
90:
2056:
1602:
barely reach 2 cm (0.8 in). The largest members are found among
2187:
2166:
2108:
1690:
1648:
638:
373:
191:
181:
80:
75:
60:
55:
45:
34:
2192:
2007:"Vidatox 30 CH has tumor activating effect in hepatocellular carcinoma"
1715:
1656:
1652:
1506:
1001:
560:
381:
95:
70:
2283:
2030:
1736:
1677:
1659:
colored, quite uniformly ochre to brown, but some are black or (like
1573:
1518:
1034:
693:
377:
151:
2270:
2085:
2231:
1965:
Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2004).
2356:
413:
2089:
951:
Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini, 2017
2218:
445:
The following genera are recognised in the family
Buthidae:
918:
Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini
2098:
408:) are known, but a high number of species-poor or
1934:The world's worst stinger has a surprising owner.
1880:. Version of 3/7/2005. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
1501:Lowe, Kovarik, Stockmann & Stahlavsky, 2019
830:Kovarik, Lowe, Pliskova & Stahlavsky, 2013
8:
731:Francke, Teruel & Santibanez-Lopez, 2014
2086:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
106:
20:
2046:
1967:"A redescription and family placement of
1948:Arachnida – Rivista Aracnologica Italiana
1655:-like. The Buthidae are generally rather
1691:Scorpion § Scorpion sting and venom
1651:, though, tend to be weak, slender, and
1862:
1828:
1771:
1479:Lourenço, Baptista & Giupponi, 2004
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1685:Toxicity and relationship with humans
384:as of 2022. A few very large genera (
7:
2362:BF1D87BA-FFF1-382A-0AE8-FD7CF94EB7AF
2258:7a365486-2944-4e3c-9e3c-2d7b2bb636bc
621:Kovarik, Lowe & Stahlavsky, 2018
441:List of genera and number of species
2428:Extant Cenomanian first appearances
1936:BBC Earth. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
14:
1248:Fet in Orlov & Vasilyev, 1984
1813:
1790:
1774:
424:. The family was established by
128:
2079:. Retrieved June July 20, 2020.
1545:Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973
2423:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Koch
1979:Revista IbĂ©rica de AracnologĂa
1:
1745:, for example). The venom of
1556:Tikader & Bastawade, 1983
1292:Fet, Capes & Sissom, 2001
2418:Cenomanian first appearances
1932:Davies, E. (27 July 2016).
569:Lourenço & Velten, 2016
2444:
1695:Scorpions from the genera
1688:
1369:Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
1226:Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
261:
253:
229:
224:
125:Scientific classification
123:
114:
105:
23:
1424:Lowe & Kovarik, 2019
1127:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
819:Lowe & Kovarik, 2021
1799:Leiurus quinquestriatus
376:, containing about 100
1907:Rein, Jan Ove (2022).
2344:Paleobiology Database
1755:Mechanism of toxicity
1523:Green River Formation
1083:Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981
434:Hemiscorpius lepturus
412:ones also exist. New
2253:Fauna Europaea (new)
1742:Mesobuthus martensii
2023:2017NatSR...744685G
1843:Indian red scorpion
881:Himalayotityobuthus
565:Archaeoananteroides
16:Family of scorpions
2011:Scientific Reports
1913:The Scorpion Files
1876:2009-05-10 at the
1748:Rhopalurus junceus
1739:from the venom of
1259:Mello-Leitao, 1934
117:Odonturus dentatus
2413:Scorpion families
2395:
2394:
2331:Open Tree of Life
2092:Taxon identifiers
2031:10.1038/srep44685
1835:May include some
1821:Arthropods portal
1608:fattail scorpions
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1535:
1516:
1502:
1491:
1486:Troglotityobuthus
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1061:Qi & Lourenço
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
908:
897:
886:
875:
864:
853:
842:
831:
820:
809:
798:
787:
776:
765:
754:
743:
732:
721:
710:
699:
688:
677:
666:
655:
644:
633:
622:
611:
600:
589:
570:
556:
545:
534:
523:
512:
501:
490:
479:
468:
457:
362:
361:
354:
348:
342:
336:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
299:"Centruroidinae"
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
220:
2435:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1881:
1867:
1850:
1833:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1794:
1783:Buthus occitanus
1778:
1577:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1514:
1500:
1489:
1478:
1475:Troglorhopalurus
1468:C. L. Koch, 1836
1467:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1321:Pseudouroplectes
1313:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
929:Keyserling, 1885
928:
917:
906:
895:
884:
873:
862:
851:
840:
829:
818:
807:
796:
785:
774:
763:
752:
741:
730:
719:
708:
697:
686:
675:
664:
653:
642:
631:
620:
609:
598:
587:
568:
554:
543:
532:
521:
510:
499:
488:
477:
466:
455:
426:Carl Ludwig Koch
368:are the largest
352:
346:
340:
330:
324:
318:
312:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
269:Akentrobuthinae
215:
133:
132:
110:
100:
37:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2064:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1884:
1878:Wayback Machine
1871:Family Buthidae
1868:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1834:
1830:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1757:
1693:
1687:
1588:
1583:
1380:Farzanpay, 1987
1336:Farzanpay, 1987
1314:Kraepelin, 1911
1299:Pseudolissothus
1193:Farzanpay, 1987
1105:Kraepelin, 1898
1057:Mauritanobuthus
1039:C.L. Koch, 1845
1006:Ehrenberg, 1828
940:Ehrenberg, 1828
606:Baloorthochirus
544:Kraepelin, 1900
533:Ehrenberg, 1828
443:
358:
357:
353:Pavlovsky, 1924
347:Kraepelin, 1905
339:Rhopalurusinae
331:BĂĽcherl, 1971 (
323:Microcharmidae
313:Kraepelin, 1891
265:
214:
127:
101:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2376:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2240:Fauna Europaea
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2120:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2062:
1997:
1957:
1938:
1925:
1882:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1526:
1504:
1493:
1490:Lourenço, 2000
1482:
1471:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1350:
1339:
1328:
1325:Lourenço, 1995
1317:
1306:
1303:Lourenço, 2001
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1207:
1200:Orthochiroides
1196:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1160:Lourenço, 2000
1156:Neoprotobuthus
1152:
1149:Lourenço, 1995
1141:
1130:
1119:
1116:Lourenço, 1995
1108:
1097:
1094:Lourenço, 2003
1090:Microananteris
1086:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
976:
965:
954:
943:
932:
921:
910:
899:
888:
885:Lourenço, 1997
877:
866:
855:
844:
833:
822:
811:
800:
797:Lourenço, 1999
789:
778:
775:Lourenço, 1999
767:
756:
745:
734:
723:
712:
701:
690:
679:
668:
657:
646:
635:
624:
613:
602:
591:
584:Australobuthus
580:
558:
555:Finnegan, 1932
547:
536:
525:
514:
503:
492:
481:
470:
459:
447:
442:
439:
360:
359:
356:
355:
349:
343:
337:
335:Stunkard 1937)
327:
325:Lourenco, 1996
321:
317:Orthochirinae
315:
309:
303:
297:
295:C.L.Koch, 1837
291:
285:
283:C.L.Koch, 1837
281:Androctonides
279:
273:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
251:
250:
249:
248:
245:
240:
235:
227:
226:
222:
221:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
112:
111:
103:
102:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
38:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2440:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1585:
1578:Thorell, 1893
1576:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1497:Trypanothacus
1494:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1435:Kovarik, 1995
1433:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1413:Kovarik, 2019
1411:
1410:
1409:Spelaeolychas
1406:
1402:Kovarik, 1998
1400:
1399:
1398:Somalicharmus
1395:
1391:Kovarik, 1998
1389:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:Thorell, 1876
1356:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1244:Pectinibuthus
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1204:Kovarik, 1998
1202:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1003:
999:
995:Kovarik, 2001
993:
992:
988:
982:
981:
977:
971:
970:
966:
962:Kovarik, 2019
960:
959:
955:
949:
948:
944:
938:
937:
933:
927:
926:
922:
916:
915:
911:
907:Kovarik, 1997
905:
904:
900:
894:
893:
889:
883:
882:
878:
872:
871:
867:
861:
860:
856:
850:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
817:
816:
812:
806:
805:
801:
795:
794:
790:
784:
783:
779:
773:
772:
768:
762:
761:
757:
751:
750:
746:
740:
739:
735:
729:
728:
724:
718:
717:
713:
707:
706:
702:
696:
695:
691:
685:
684:
680:
674:
673:
669:
663:
662:
658:
652:
651:
647:
641:
640:
636:
630:
629:
625:
619:
618:
614:
610:Kovarik, 1996
608:
607:
603:
597:
596:
592:
586:
585:
581:
578:
577:Burmese amber
574:
567:
566:
562:
559:
553:
552:
548:
542:
541:
540:Anomalobuthus
537:
531:
530:
526:
522:Borelli, 1911
520:
519:
515:
511:Thorell, 1891
509:
508:
504:
498:
497:
493:
489:Lamoral, 1976
487:
486:
485:Akentrobuthus
482:
478:Kovarik, 2019
476:
475:
471:
467:Kovarik, 1997
465:
464:
463:Afroisometrus
460:
456:Kovarik, 2019
454:
453:
449:
448:
446:
440:
438:
436:
435:
429:
427:
423:
420:
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
351:Uroplectaria
350:
344:
341:BĂĽcherl, 1969
338:
334:
329:Rhopalurinae
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
271:Lamoral, 1976
268:
267:
260:
256:
252:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
223:
218:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
198:Superfamily:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
113:
109:
104:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
36:
32:
22:
19:
2099:
2017:(1): 44685.
2014:
2010:
2000:
1983:
1977:
1969:Uintascorpio
1968:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1865:
1846:
1836:
1831:
1797:
1781:
1762:
1758:
1746:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1704:Centruroides
1702:
1696:
1694:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1661:Centruroides
1660:
1642:
1623:
1619:Centruroides
1617:
1613:Apistobuthus
1611:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1572:
1561:
1550:
1539:
1534:Peters, 1861
1528:
1511:Uintascorpio
1509:
1495:
1484:
1473:
1462:
1451:
1446:Pocock, 1893
1440:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1396:
1387:Somalibuthus
1385:
1376:Sassanidotus
1374:
1365:Saharobuthus
1363:
1352:
1347:Vachon, 1972
1341:
1330:
1319:
1310:Pseudolychas
1308:
1297:
1286:
1281:Pocock, 1900
1277:Plesiobuthus
1275:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1237:Pocock, 1890
1231:
1220:
1215:Karsch, 1891
1209:
1198:
1187:
1182:Karsch, 1879
1176:
1171:Vachon, 1950
1167:Odontobuthus
1165:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1112:Microcharmus
1110:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1072:Vachon, 1950
1066:
1055:
1050:Vachon, 1974
1044:
1033:
1028:Vachon, 1948
1022:
1017:Birula, 1898
1011:
1000:
989:
984:Vachon, 1974
978:
973:Hewitt, 1913
967:
956:
945:
934:
925:Isometroides
923:
914:Ischnotelson
912:
901:
896:Birula, 1908
890:
879:
874:Pocock, 1893
870:Heteroctenus
868:
857:
852:Pocock, 1900
846:
835:
824:
813:
802:
793:Egyptobuthus
791:
786:Vachon, 1977
780:
769:
764:Vachon, 1949
760:Compsobuthus
758:
753:Vachon, 1948
747:
742:Teruel, 2007
736:
725:
720:Karsch, 1879
714:
705:Centruroides
703:
692:
687:Werner, 1936
683:Buthoscorpio
681:
676:Birula, 1905
670:
659:
650:Butheoloides
648:
643:Birula, 1908
637:
632:Vachon, 1974
626:
617:Barbaracurus
615:
604:
599:Karsch, 1886
593:
588:Locket, 1990
582:
563:
551:Apistobuthus
549:
538:
527:
518:Ananteroides
516:
505:
494:
483:
472:
461:
452:Aegaeobuthus
450:
444:
432:
430:
403:
399:Compsobuthus
397:
393:Centruroides
391:
385:
365:
363:
332:
319:Birula, 1917
307:Birula, 1917
301:Roewer, 1943
289:Pocock, 1896
277:Pocock, 1900
275:Ananterinae
225:Subfamilies
211:
115:
18:
2279:iNaturalist
2124:Wikispecies
1918:December 3,
1841:, like the
1710:Hottentotta
1698:Androctonus
1657:cryptically
1634:Chaerilidae
1604:Androctonus
1599:Microbuthus
1593:Microtityus
1586:Description
1541:Vachoniolus
1515:Perry, 1995
1457:Armas, 1974
1442:Tityobuthus
1431:Thaicharmus
1255:Physoctonus
1222:Pantobuthus
1211:Orthochirus
1145:Neogrosphus
1138:Hirst, 1911
1123:Microtityus
1101:Microbuthus
1046:Lychasoides
980:Kraepelinia
969:Karasbergia
903:Iranobuthus
892:Hottentotta
863:Hirst, 1911
841:Simon, 1880
804:Femtobuthus
771:Congobuthus
738:Cicileiurus
698:Leach, 1815
665:Simon, 1882
654:Hirst, 1925
529:Androctonus
500:Armas, 1973
496:Alayotityus
419:superfamily
311:Isometrini
287:Babycurini
243:Isometrinae
238:Centrurinae
172:Chelicerata
168:Subphylum:
2402:Categories
1909:"Buthidae"
1857:References
1847:M. tamulus
1838:Mesobuthus
1722:Parabuthus
1666:Uroplectes
1630:Vaejovidae
1625:Parabuthus
1567:Lowe, 2018
1563:Xenobuthus
1530:Uroplectes
1354:Rhopalurus
1270:Lowe, 2010
1266:Picobuthus
1233:Parabuthus
1079:Mesotityus
1068:Mesobuthus
958:Janalychas
859:Hemilychas
848:Hemibuthus
808:Lowe, 2010
709:Marx, 1890
573:Cretaceous
474:Afrolychas
305:Charminae
217:C. L. Koch
192:Scorpiones
162:Arthropoda
31:Cenomanian
2039:2045-2322
1992:1576-9518
1672:Isometrus
1649:pedipalps
1645:Old World
1638:Chactidae
1453:Tityopsis
1420:Teruelius
1343:Reddyanus
1189:Olivierus
1178:Odonturus
1134:Neobuthus
1024:Lissothus
1013:Liobuthus
936:Isometrus
815:Fetilinia
782:Darchenia
672:Buthiscus
661:Butheolus
628:Birulatus
595:Babycurus
507:Ananteris
428:in 1837.
422:Buthoidea
410:monotypic
387:Ananteris
380:and 1339
374:scorpions
345:Tityinae
293:Buthides
202:Buthoidea
182:Arachnida
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
2408:Buthidae
2188:BugGuide
2164:BioLib:
2157:Buthidae
2144:Buthidae
2130:Buthidae
2109:Wikidata
2100:Buthidae
2057:28322221
1986:: 7–16.
1874:Archived
1552:Vachonus
1470:(223 sp)
1332:Razianus
1288:Polisius
991:Lanzatus
947:Jaguajir
837:Grosphus
749:Cicileus
639:Buthacus
366:Buthidae
255:Synonyms
247:Tityinae
233:Buthinae
212:Buthidae
208:Family:
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
24:Buthidae
2372:6566206
2115:Q132129
2048:5359575
2019:Bibcode
1768:Gallery
1716:Leiurus
1653:tweezer
1536:(34 sp)
1448:(19 sp)
1426:(22 sp)
1349:(34 sp)
1239:(38 sp)
1217:(53 sp)
1195:(18 sp)
1140:(16 sp)
1129:(40 sp)
1118:(16 sp)
1074:(12 sp)
1041:(31 sp)
1008:(17 sp)
1002:Leiurus
942:(10 sp)
898:(58 sp)
843:(34 sp)
832:(12 sp)
766:(49 sp)
727:Chaneke
716:Charmus
711:(93 sp)
700:(65 sp)
656:(19 sp)
645:(23 sp)
623:(10 sp)
601:(14 sp)
535:(29 sp)
513:(92 sp)
382:species
257:
188:Order:
178:Class:
2385:510094
2369:uBio:
2349:272528
2336:511971
2297:104864
2284:119058
2232:1BUTHF
2055:
2045:
2037:
1990:
1954:: 2–9.
1737:BmKAEP
1733:Tityus
1728:Tityus
1725:, and
1678:Lychas
1647:. The
1632:. The
1622:, and
1580:(3 sp)
1574:Zabius
1569:(3 sp)
1558:(4 sp)
1547:(4 sp)
1519:Eocene
1503:(2 sp)
1492:(1 sp)
1481:(2 sp)
1464:Tityus
1459:(6 sp)
1437:(4 sp)
1415:(1 sp)
1404:(1 sp)
1393:(2 sp)
1382:(2 sp)
1371:(1 sp)
1360:(3 sp)
1338:(4 sp)
1327:(5 sp)
1316:(3 sp)
1305:(1 sp)
1294:(1 sp)
1283:(1 sp)
1272:(2 sp)
1261:(3 sp)
1250:(1 sp)
1228:(1 sp)
1206:(3 sp)
1184:(1 sp)
1173:(6 sp)
1162:(1 sp)
1151:(3 sp)
1107:(7 sp)
1096:(1 sp)
1085:(1 sp)
1063:(1 sp)
1052:(1 sp)
1035:Lychas
1030:(3 sp)
1019:(1 sp)
997:(2 sp)
986:(1 sp)
975:(1 sp)
964:(9 sp)
953:(3 sp)
931:(1 sp)
920:(2 sp)
909:(1 sp)
887:(2 sp)
876:(9 sp)
865:(1 sp)
854:(2 sp)
821:(1 sp)
810:(1 sp)
799:(1 sp)
788:(1 sp)
777:(1 sp)
755:(5 sp)
744:(1 sp)
733:(4 sp)
722:(5 sp)
694:Buthus
689:(5 sp)
678:(1 sp)
667:(6 sp)
634:(4 sp)
612:(1 sp)
590:(1 sp)
557:(2 sp)
546:(6 sp)
524:(2 sp)
502:(8 sp)
491:(2 sp)
480:(2 sp)
469:(1 sp)
458:(4 sp)
405:Tityus
378:genera
370:family
219:, 1837
35:recent
2380:WoRMS
2357:Plazi
2310:82718
2292:IRMNG
2245:15446
2193:16663
2167:18940
1974:(PDF)
1807:Notes
1764:ago.
402:, or
2323:6856
2318:NCBI
2305:ITIS
2271:5848
2266:GBIF
2227:EPPO
2219:8543
2180:1416
2175:BOLD
2053:PMID
2035:ISSN
1988:ISSN
1920:2022
1663:and
1636:and
1596:and
826:Gint
414:taxa
364:The
264:List
41:Preęž’
2214:EoL
2206:7GY
2201:CoL
2152:AFD
2139:ADW
2043:PMC
2027:doi
1675:or
1610:),
372:of
333:non
33:to
2404::
2382::
2359::
2346::
2333::
2320::
2307::
2294::
2281::
2268::
2255::
2242::
2229::
2216::
2203::
2190::
2177::
2154::
2141::
2126::
2111::
2065:^
2051:.
2041:.
2033:.
2025:.
2013:.
2009:.
1984:10
1982:.
1976:.
1952:10
1950:.
1911:.
1885:^
1719:,
1713:,
1707:,
1701:,
1681:.
1616:,
1521:,
575:,
396:,
390:,
91:Pg
2059:.
2029::
2021::
2015:7
1994:.
1922:.
1849:)
1845:(
1606:(
1525:)
1517:(
1507:â€
579:)
571:(
561:â€
96:N
86:K
81:J
76:T
71:P
66:C
61:D
56:S
51:O
46:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
