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683:(also pressure buttons or press studs) are metal (usually brass) round discs pinched through the fabric. They are often found on clothing, in particular on denim pieces such as pants and jackets. They are more securely fastened to the material. As they rely on a metal rivet attached securely to the fabric, pressure buttons are difficult to remove without compromising the fabric's integrity. They are made of two couples: the male stud couple and the female stud couple. Each couple has one front (or top) and rear (or bottom) side (the fabric goes in the middle).
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buttons have a hollow protrusion on the back through which thread is sewn to attach the button. Button shanks may be made from a separate piece of the same or a different substance as the button itself, and added to the back of the button, or be carved or moulded directly onto the back of the button,
980:
Classic clothing has the button on the left side for women and on the right side for men. The reasons for this are unclear, but the choice for men's clothing is usually attributed to the need to draw weapons from the left to right; the weapon would then not catch on opening of the clothing. For
670:
buttons (also push-through buttons or just studs) are composed from an actual button, connected to a second, button-like element by a narrow metal or plastic bar. Pushed through two opposing holes within what is meant to be kept together, the actual button and its counterpart press it together,
918:
688:
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women's clothing the common reason given is that in times when upper-class women's clothing was quite elaborate, servants were needed for dressing, and the left placement of the buttons was more convenient for right-handed maids. Some Jews
691:
Illustration from 1908 Chambers's
Twentieth Century. Toggle, n. (naut.) a short bar of wood, tapering from the middle towards each end, placed in an eye at the end of a rope, to keep the end from passing through a loop or
1024:, and still exist in collections today. Initially, these buttons were predominantly made of brass (though horn and rubber buttons with stamped or moulded designs also exist) and had loop shanks. Around 1860 the badge or
1985:
1654:
179:
and were pierced so that they could be attached to clothing with thread. Ian McNeil (1990) holds that "the button was originally used more as an ornament than as a fastening, the earliest known being found at
1110:
204:
closed through the insertion of a metallic buckle, or button into a leather slit. A similar mechanism would later feature in early medieval footwear. Buttons appeared as a means to close cuffs in the
1743:
795:
The size of the button depends on its use. Shirt buttons are generally small, and spaced close together, whereas coat buttons are larger and spaced further apart. Buttons are commonly measured in
3261:
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1118:
706:, as the name implies, are buttons that attach to each other by being magnetic. The buttons can be attached either by sewing or snapping them into the fabric.
216:
Since at least the seventeenth century, when box-like metal buttons were constructed especially for the purpose, buttons have been one of the items in which
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985:, following statements in the Torah that favor dressing first on the right side, or from the Kabbalah, in which the right side denotes goodness.
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2245:
1702:
1247:
1167:
1956:
809:), with 40 lines equal to 1 inch. For example, some standard sizes of buttons are 16 lignes (10.16 mm, standard buttons of men's
1013:, in large sizes for coats and smaller sizes for breeches. Made in twenty-two patterns and hand-stamped, they are now extremely valuable
443:. Vegetable ivory was said to be the most popular for suits and shirts, and papier-mùché far and away the commonest sort of shoe button.
1771:
902:
1467:
860:, hosts an online museum with an image gallery and historical button-related articles, including an 1852 article on button-making by
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rather than by hand and may be used with heavy fabrics by working a thread shank to extend the height of the button above the fabric.
2378:
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The United States Bureau of
Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Paper and Stationery Trade of the World, Government Printing Office, 1918
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890:
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and others. The following are just a few of the construction and decoration techniques that have been used in button-making:
2075:
Just like women, most
Hasidic men button their jackets, shirts, and rekels (long frock coat) with the right side over the left
608:
195:
left behind ornate wig covers, fabricated through sewing buttons formed of precious metals onto strips of backing material.
2013:
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style of construction, which replaced the shanks with long pins, probably for use on lapels and ties, began to appear.
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are stick-like, with a cord attached at the center. They are passed endways through a hole and then rotated sideways.
335:
In 1918, the US government made an extensive survey of the international button market, which listed buttons made of
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have attempted to hide and transport illegal substances. At least one modern smuggler has tried to use this method.
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One common practice that survived until recent times on campaign buttons and badges was to include the image of
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3680:
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hold culturally, historically, politically, and/or artistically significant buttons in their collections. The
175:
were used by the Indus Valley
Civilization for ornamental purposes by 2000 BC. Some buttons were carved into
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20:
128:
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1990:
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117:
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The mainly
American tradition of politically significant clothing buttons appears to have begun with the
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1930:
26:
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buttons have holes through which thread is sewn to attach the button. Flat buttons may be attached by
450:
are the most common materials used in button-making; the others tending to be used only in premium or
4431:
4000:
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2350:. Discovering series; no. 213. Rosemary Godsell (illus.). Aylesbury, UK: Shire Publications. p.
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1763:
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Leatherwork from the Roman Empire incorporates some of the first buttonholes, with the legionary's
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876:, which also hosts an extensive button archive, and in Gurnee, Illinois, at The Button Room.
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268:
199:
1471:
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buttons commemorating
Lincoln's inaugurations and other life events, including his birth and
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576:
489:
420:
310:
275:, and combinations of both, the history of the material composition of buttons reflects the
161:
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1111:"A Day in the Neolithic: A Walk Through 5,000-year-old Scotland at the Tomb of the Eagles"
1063:
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are fabric-covered forms with a separate back piece that secures the fabric over the knob.
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336:
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205:
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and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of
43:
3926:
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1682:
1142:'It Rained a Lot and Nothing Much Happened': Settlement and Society in Bronze Age Orkney
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231:
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2408:
Scans of original 1830â1940 US patents for buttons & related tools & machinery
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in which latter case the button is referred to by collectors as having a 'self-shank'.
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4203:
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1724:"Your Search Results | Search the Collections | Victoria and Albert Museum"
838:
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729:
are knobs made of intricately knotted strings. Mandarin buttons are a key element in
612:
Three plastic sew-through buttons (left) and one shank, fabric-covered button (right)
581:
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368:
299:
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235:
137:
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208:
Empire and to fasten the necks of
Egyptian tunics by no later than the 5th century.
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2089:"In ultra-Orthodox fashion, you can tell a lot about a person by his button holdes"
1668:
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185:
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38:
786:, handmade from the 17th century to 1750, and Death head buttons are of this type.
526:
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1811:
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Because buttons have been manufactured from almost every possible material, both
4421:
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2718:
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2626:
2601:
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750:
741:
497:
432:
416:
412:
404:
328:, known to button collectors as "studio buttons" (or simply "studios", from
321:
318:
220:
148:
phase (c. 2800â2600 BC). Buttons as apparel have been found at sites of the
2402:
1239:
1001:
in 1789. Known to collectors as "Washington
Inaugurals", they were made of
628:
257:
Button stamping machine at the Henri
Jamorski Button Factory in Paris, 1919
3205:
1866:"Mattatuck Museum | Art Exhibitions & Educational Programs in CT"
226:
Also making use of the storage possibilities of metal buttons, during the
4369:
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4347:
4307:
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4097:
4092:
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4034:
3963:
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3811:
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2611:
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672:
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348:
307:
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172:
145:
101:
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54:
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keeping it joined. Popular examples of such buttons are shirt studs and
4401:
4256:
4236:
4155:
4135:
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3948:
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1383:
935:
834:
768:
749:), where they are closed with loops. Pairs of mandarin buttons worn as
658:
513:
451:
396:
360:
306:), or a combination of both. Alternatively, they can be the product of
303:
291:
242:
89:
85:
77:
1627:
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2512:
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1002:
380:
376:
238:
97:
58:
2371:
Antique & collectible buttons : identification & values
1020:
Between about 1840 and 1916, clothing buttons were used in
American
1883:
3938:
3883:
3781:
3480:
3470:
3434:
3354:
3329:
3162:
2522:
2215:
1342:. Australia: Customs and Border Protection Communication and Media
1006:
982:
824:
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796:
772:
735:
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252:
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37:
25:
1652:, Robert, Ellis, "Magnetic button", issued 1946-04-09
4359:
4317:
4170:
3776:
3761:
3444:
3439:
3309:
3147:
2875:
2388:
2336:
2133:"J. Harold Cobb's George Washington Inaugural Button Collection"
1934:
775:
477:
Historically, fashions in buttons have also reflected trends in
447:
428:
392:
384:
364:
352:
217:
3676:
3243:
2421:
2412:
1986:"Here's Why Men's and Women's Clothes Button on Opposite Sides"
1313:"For a collector hooked on history, every button tells a story"
3339:
2916:
1865:
1829:
1054:, were also made, and are also considered highly collectible.
424:
188:. It is made of a curved shell and is about 5000 years old."
2413:
Online collection of historical buttons at the Button Museum
2373:. Charley Lynch. Paducah, KY: Collector Books. p. 168.
61:
together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a
1741:
American Indian Buttons made with ivory, whalebone and ink
2417:
1972:
On the left for the ladies and on the right for the gents
829:
Peter Carl Fabergé buttons in the Cleveland Museum of Art
2117:
What's the Difference Between Hasidic vs. Orthodox Jews?
868:
are on public display at the Waterbury Button Museum of
2058:"Why Do Hasidic Men Button Their Shirts The Wrong Way?"
1382:. Georgia, USA: Peach State Button Club. Archived from
1159:
Tomb of the Eagles: Death and Life in a Stone Age Tribe
2014:"Why Are Men's and Women's Buttons on Opposite Sides?"
1185:
Hesse, Rayner W. & Hesse (Jr.), Rayner W. (2007).
856:
Hammond Turner & Sons, a button-making company in
136:
Buttons and button-like objects used as ornaments or
2319:
Button, button : identification and price guide
1495:"Elements of a German filigree button, made ca 1880"
4290:
4227:
4179:
4126:
4058:
3882:
3727:
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2536:
2455:
2257:
On the Button: The Significance of an Ordinary Item
1752:Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian
1626:. GA, USA: Peach State Button Club. Archived from
813:) and 32 lignes (20.32 mm, typical button on
140:rather than fasteners have been discovered in the
2403:Button-making in Birmingham, England in the 1800s
1671:. Sun Mei Button Enterprise Co., Ltd. 2019-06-19.
1181:
1179:
461:Over 60% of the world's button supply comes from
132:Spanish button (approx. 12 mm) from ca. 1650â1675
84:. Buttons can also be used on containers such as
1669:"An Easy Guide to Button Measurement and Sizing"
1288:"The Westward Journeys of Buttons - AramcoWorld"
241:buttons were made, containing miniature working
1812:"Button | Smithsonian American Art Museum"
1772:Smithsonian National Museum of American History
1234:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
2131:Cobb, J. Harold; Kirk Mitchell (Feb 2, 2005).
1433:"Chinese 'Button Town' Struggles with Success"
1187:Jewelrymaking Through History: An Encyclopedia
446:Nowadays, hard plastic, seashell, metals, and
3688:
3255:
2433:
1957:"The Curious Case of Men and Women's Buttons"
1231:Royal Authority in Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty
1208:An encyclopaedia of the history of technology
8:
1470:. London, UK: V&A Images. Archived from
2287:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1902:"Keep Homestead Museum - Button Collection"
1848:"Hammond-Turner.com â Online Button Museum"
1830:"Hammond-Turner.com â Online Button Museum"
263:List of raw materials used in button-making
30:Brass buttons from the uniform of a Danish
3695:
3681:
3673:
3414:
3262:
3248:
3240:
3046:
2440:
2426:
2418:
1338:Australian Government (12 November 2009).
488:, with buttonmakers using techniques from
2236:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. p.
1035:with that of the candidate in question.
80:but also may be made of metal, wood, or
2198:The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons
2180:
2167:
2154:
1535:
1522:
1450:
1361:
1145:. University of Edinburgh. p. 146.
1075:
886:
282:Buttons can be individually crafted by
2280:
2200:(5th ed.). Atglen, PA: Schiffer.
2087:Madison Margolin (February 12, 2017).
1764:Domestic button collection, circa 1935
845:has many buttons, particularly in its
2321:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 167.
2233:The History of Science and Technology
1576:"Coat - Victoria & Albert museum"
1548:Victoria & Albert museum (1992).
7:
1162:. New Amsterdam Books. p. 152.
1493:Victoria and Albert Museum (1880).
1340:"heroin concealed in dress buttons"
896:Clam shells used for making buttons
2044:men button right on left .. Tznius
1695:10.1016/b978-0-12-107250-6.50007-3
1689:, Elsevier, pp. 86â90, 1990,
1317:The Oregonian: Homes & Gardens
1189:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 35.
439:, cloth-covered wooden forms, and
156:, Scotland (2200-1800 BC), and at
14:
2056:Danna Lorch (February 13, 2019).
2012:Benjamin Radford (July 6, 2010).
1984:Danny Lewis (November 23, 2015).
1550:"Jacket from bridegroom's outfit"
1415:"A look at China's "Button Town""
1091:. San Francisco, USA: harrapa.com
473:Decoration and coating techniques
4277:Bronze and brass ornamental work
3217:
3204:
1601:. Reader's Digest. p. 352.
1374:Peach State Button Club (2010).
960:
917:
901:
889:
277:timeline of materials technology
152:, Russia (2500-1950 BC), at the
116:, a button can be a significant
100:, a button can be an example of
1955:Megan Garber (March 27, 2015).
1468:"Man's suit, Coat and breeches"
1139:Mamwell, Caroline Jane (2018).
995:first presidential inauguration
872:, the Keep Homestead Museum of
778:) over a knob or ring called a
76:, buttons are commonly made of
1597:Colton, Virginia, ed. (1978).
1319:. Oregon, USA: Oregon Live LLC
1264:"Viking Boot: History of York"
1156:Hedges, John W. (1998-04-21).
324:. Buttons made by artists are
1:
2369:Wisniewski, Debra J. (1997).
2255:Edwards, Nina (2012) (2012).
1210:. Taylor & Francis. 852.
945:. Diameter just over 32 mm (1
939:
771:tight stitches (usually with
3270:Clothing materials and parts
2259:. London, UK: I. B. Tauris.
1797:at 'Arago', the Smithsonian
1795:United States Postal Service
1578:. London, UK: V&A Images
1556:. London, UK: V&A Images
1554:V&A Jewellery collection
1503:. London, UK: V&A Images
1500:V&A Jewellery collection
1117:. 2018-08-27. Archived from
654:Plastic studs for bedclothes
2302:. USA: Dover. p. 464.
4524:
2344:Peacock, Primrose (1978).
2317:Osborne, Peggy A. (1997).
2196:Luscomb, Sally C. (2003).
2038:Chaya Korb Hubner (1989).
1624:"Back Types/Shanks (23-3)"
1464:Victoria and Albert museum
1311:Dahl, Liz (June 5, 2008).
843:Victoria and Albert Museum
260:
18:
3714:
3200:
1376:"Studios (Section 23-11)"
249:Materials and manufacture
142:Indus Valley civilization
57:that joins two pieces of
42:Modern buttons made from
1599:Complete Guide to Sewing
1268:www.historyofyork.org.uk
1038:Some of the most famous
821:In museums and galleries
4412:Painting in HĂ€lsingland
2347:Discovering old buttons
1906:keephomesteadmuseum.org
1888:keephomesteadmuseum.org
1884:"Keep Homestead Museum"
1622:Button Country (2010).
1228:Shaw, Garry J. (2008).
1085:"Fired steatite button"
938:& family, England,
851:Smithsonian Institution
761:Worked or cloth buttons
463:Qiaotou, Yongjia County
21:Button (disambiguation)
3133:Frister & Rossmann
2825:Hook-and-loop fastener
2040:The Broken Magen David
1799:National Postal Museum
1240:10.30861/9781407303086
1089:The Indus Civilization
967:Thread Covered buttons
870:Waterbury, Connecticut
830:
693:
663:
655:
636:
613:
258:
164:(c. 2000â1500 BC) and
133:
108:, or even a miniature
46:
35:
3103:Barthélemy Thimonnier
2296:Kohler, Carl (1963).
2230:Bunch, Bryan (2004).
1728:collections.vam.ac.uk
1206:McNeil, Ian (1990).
1115:Senior Hiker Magazine
874:Monson, Massachusetts
828:
690:
661:
653:
631:
611:
454:apparel, or found in
256:
131:
41:
29:
4432:Pressed flower craft
3213:at Wikimedia Commons
2299:A History of Costume
2135:. USA: Kirk Mitchell
847:jewellery collection
604:Styles of attachment
34:artillery lieutenant
19:For other uses, see
4488:History of clothing
4483:Fashion accessories
3849:Spinning (textiles)
3767:Friendship bracelet
3224:Clothing portal
2488:Fabric tube turning
2183:, pp. 119â120)
2157:, pp. 214â218)
2094:The Times of Israel
1538:, pp. 123â124)
1292:www.aramcoworld.com
1083:Khan, Omar (1999).
1042:are those made for
1022:political campaigns
864:. In the US, large
618:Flat or sew-through
587:Portrait miniatures
4508:Types of jewellery
3461:Artificial leather
3276:Garment structures
1852:hammond-turner.com
1834:hammond-turner.com
1816:americanart.si.edu
1789:2011-07-23 at the
1746:2018-12-21 at the
1683:"Standard Buttons"
1015:cultural artifacts
866:button collections
831:
694:
664:
656:
637:
614:
479:applied aesthetics
259:
193:Eighteenth Dynasty
171:Buttons made from
154:Tomb of the Eagles
134:
47:
36:
4493:Parts of clothing
4465:
4464:
4355:Hardstone carving
4303:Balloon modelling
3817:Ribbon embroidery
3670:
3669:
3494:
3493:
3303:Detachable collar
3237:
3236:
3229:Glossary of terms
3209:Media related to
3196:
3195:
3178:Tape edge machine
2597:Embroidery stitch
2309:978-0-486-21030-8
2266:978-1-84885-584-7
2247:978-0-618-22123-3
2170:, pp. 33â34)
1931:"The Button Room"
1704:978-0-12-107250-6
1474:on 24 August 2011
1421:. 8 October 2015.
1249:978-1-4073-0308-6
1169:978-1-4617-3268-6
1066:, fear of buttons
1033:George Washington
999:George Washington
912:self-shank button
359:, cotton-covered
4515:
4503:Textile closures
4437:Qing handicrafts
4242:Chemical milling
3697:
3690:
3683:
3674:
3415:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3222:
3221:
3208:
3183:Viking/Husqvarna
3047:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2392:
2365:
2340:
2313:
2292:
2286:
2278:
2251:
2219:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2112:
2106:
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2103:
2101:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1933:. Archived from
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1908:. Archived from
1898:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1870:Mattatuck Museum
1862:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1802:
1781:
1775:
1768:Washington, D.C.
1761:
1755:
1738:
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1720:
1714:
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1679:
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1225:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1183:
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1153:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1080:
1040:campaign buttons
964:
954:
953:
949:
944:
941:
921:
905:
893:
805:and abbreviated
723:Mandarin buttons
704:Magnetic buttons
577:Opus interassile
490:jewellery making
311:cottage industry
177:geometric shapes
150:Catacomb culture
4523:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4447:Straw marquetry
4286:
4223:
4199:Enamelled glass
4175:
4122:
4054:
3878:
3723:
3710:
3704:Decorative arts
3701:
3671:
3666:
3633:
3556:
3490:
3449:
3404:
3293:Clerical collar
3271:
3268:
3238:
3233:
3216:
3192:
3091:
3083:
3038:
2997:
2981:
2912:Pattern notcher
2907:Needle threader
2880:
2844:
2788:
2712:
2694:
2661:
2540:
2532:
2518:Heirloom sewing
2493:Floating canvas
2451:
2446:
2399:
2381:
2368:
2362:
2343:
2329:
2316:
2310:
2295:
2279:
2267:
2254:
2248:
2229:
2226:
2224:Further reading
2208:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2120:, June 14, 2021
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2068:
2066:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2042:. p. 116.
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1928:
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1900:
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1863:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1791:Wayback Machine
1784:Uniform buttons
1782:
1778:
1762:
1758:
1748:Wayback Machine
1739:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1630:on 17 June 2010
1621:
1620:
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1444:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1419:www.cbsnews.com
1413:
1412:
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1124:
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1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1064:Koumpounophobia
1060:
1044:Abraham Lincoln
1011:Sheffield plate
991:
978:
973:
972:
971:
968:
965:
956:
951:
947:
946:
942:
922:
913:
906:
897:
894:
882:
862:Charles Dickens
823:
793:
763:are created by
717:Covered buttons
713:
606:
601:
597:Vitreous enamel
522:Arita porcelain
475:
409:mother-of-pearl
337:vegetable ivory
265:
251:
214:
126:
44:vegetable ivory
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4521:
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4505:
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4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
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4399:
4398:
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4387:
4382:
4377:
4375:Leatherworking
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:Egg decorating
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
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4264:
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4017:
4011:
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4009:
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4003:
3998:
3988:
3983:
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3668:
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3659:
3654:
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3635:
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3405:
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3397:
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3307:
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3295:
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3259:
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3110:
3105:
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3085:
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3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Cloth merchant
3000:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:Pinking shears
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Textile/fabric
2863:
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2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
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2832:
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2822:
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2787:
2786:
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2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Grommet/eyelet
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2685:Seam allowance
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
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2639:
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2554:
2548:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Gore (fabrics)
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2397:External links
2395:
2394:
2393:
2379:
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2360:
2341:
2327:
2314:
2308:
2293:
2265:
2252:
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2222:
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2206:
2191:
2188:
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2185:
2172:
2159:
2146:
2123:
2107:
2079:
2048:
2030:
2004:
1976:
1947:
1922:
1893:
1875:
1857:
1839:
1821:
1803:
1776:
1756:
1733:
1715:
1703:
1674:
1660:
1641:
1614:
1607:
1589:
1567:
1540:
1527:
1525:, p. 104)
1514:
1485:
1455:
1442:
1424:
1406:
1397:
1386:on 6 June 2010
1380:Button Country
1366:
1364:, p. 126)
1353:
1330:
1303:
1279:
1255:
1248:
1220:
1199:
1175:
1168:
1148:
1131:
1102:
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1068:
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987:
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934:, depicting a
923:
916:
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907:
900:
898:
895:
888:
885:
884:
883:
881:
878:
849:, as does the
822:
819:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:Dorset buttons
758:
731:Mandarin dress
720:
712:
711:Fabric buttons
709:
708:
707:
701:
685:
684:
680:Snap fasteners
676:
648:
647:
632:An assorti of
626:
625:
622:sewing machine
605:
602:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
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572:Metal openwork
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
537:Electroplating
534:
529:
524:
518:
474:
471:
369:snap fasteners
250:
247:
213:
210:
125:
122:
74:fashion design
16:Small fastener
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4427:Private press
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4338:Faux painting
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4333:Engraved gems
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4207:
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4204:Glass etching
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3737:Banner-making
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3043:Manufacturers
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2977:Tracing wheel
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2952:Stitching awl
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2749:Passementerie
2747:
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2483:Embellishment
2481:
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2380:0-89145-711-9
2376:
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2363:
2361:0-85263-445-5
2357:
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2342:
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2328:0-7643-0082-2
2324:
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2228:
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2209:
2207:0-7643-1815-2
2203:
2199:
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2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1937:on 2020-11-27
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1912:on 2020-01-19
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1687:Brain Browser
1684:
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1651:
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1618:
1615:
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1608:0-89577-026-1
1604:
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1593:
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1453:, p. 53)
1452:
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1216:0-415-01306-2
1213:
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1196:
1195:0-313-33507-9
1192:
1188:
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1161:
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1149:
1144:
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1121:on 2024-05-19
1120:
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1103:
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975:
963:
958:
937:
933:
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926:
920:
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911:
908:Hand-painted
904:
899:
892:
887:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:art galleries
836:
827:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:(also called
798:
790:
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781:
777:
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682:
681:
677:
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665:
660:
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644:
643:
639:
638:
635:
634:shank buttons
630:
623:
619:
616:
615:
610:
603:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
582:Passementerie
580:
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568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
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553:
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532:Daguerreotype
530:
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338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
315:mass-produced
312:
309:
305:
302:(for example
301:
300:found objects
297:
296:raw materials
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
264:
255:
248:
246:
244:
240:
237:
236:U.S. military
233:
229:
224:
222:
219:
212:As containers
211:
209:
207:
203:
202:
196:
194:
189:
187:
183:
178:
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169:
167:
163:
159:
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147:
143:
139:
130:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:ornamentation
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
28:
22:
4395:Glass mosaic
4313:Bone carving
4113:Wood carving
4108:Wood burning
4083:Chip carving
4040:Scrapbooking
4025:Papier-mùché
3991:Papercutting
3944:Iris folding
3932:Photomontage
3927:Papier collé
3892:Altered book
3752:Cross-stitch
3607:Hook-and-eye
3584:
3570:Back closure
3500:Animal hides
3375:Shoulder pad
3298:Collar stays
2962:Tape measure
2957:Tailor's ham
2942:Sewing gauge
2820:Hook-and-eye
2804:
2592:Cross-stitch
2582:Chain stitch
2577:Catch stitch
2567:Blind stitch
2370:
2346:
2318:
2298:
2256:
2232:
2197:
2181:Luscomb 2003
2175:
2168:Luscomb 2003
2162:
2155:Luscomb 2003
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2126:
2116:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2092:
2082:
2074:
2067:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2018:Live Science
2017:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1989:
1979:
1971:
1964:. Retrieved
1961:The Atlantic
1960:
1950:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1925:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1779:
1759:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1708:, retrieved
1686:
1677:
1663:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1617:
1598:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1553:
1543:
1536:Luscomb 2003
1530:
1523:Luscomb 2003
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1498:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1458:
1451:Luscomb 2003
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1379:
1369:
1362:Luscomb 2003
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1230:
1223:
1207:
1202:
1186:
1158:
1151:
1141:
1134:
1123:. Retrieved
1119:the original
1114:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1088:
1078:
1037:
1030:
1019:
992:
983:reverse this
979:
927:button with
910:Satsuma ware
855:
832:
815:suit jackets
806:
800:
794:
791:Button sizes
779:
765:embroidering
760:
754:
740:
734:
722:
716:
703:
697:
678:
667:
640:
633:
617:
592:Satsuma ware
510:metalworking
476:
460:
445:
441:papier-mùché
334:
330:studio craft
288:craftspeople
281:
266:
225:
215:
200:
197:
190:
186:Indus Valley
182:Mohenjo-daro
170:
166:Ancient Rome
135:
106:studio craft
94:applied arts
67:
50:
48:
4422:Pietra dura
4385:Micromosaic
4318:Doll making
4272:Silversmith
4189:Cameo glass
4146:Earthenware
4118:Woodturning
4030:Pop-up book
4015:Papermaking
3902:Calligraphy
3897:Bookbinding
3827:Rug hooking
3797:Needlepoint
3777:Lace-making
3742:Canvas work
3019:Haberdasher
2937:Seam ripper
2769:Self-fabric
2744:Interfacing
2724:Collar stay
2680:Felled seam
2622:Pick stitch
2587:Coverstitch
2100:November 6,
2069:November 6,
2063:The Forward
2023:November 6,
1997:November 6,
1991:Smithsonian
1966:November 6,
989:In politics
976:Positioning
943: 1760
753:are called
662:Shirt studs
567:Metallizing
562:Lithography
557:Lacquerware
506:printmaking
486:visual arts
456:collections
421:composition
326:art objects
144:during its
114:archaeology
110:work of art
32:World War I
4472:Categories
4457:Wall decal
4380:Miniatures
4298:Assemblage
4166:Terracotta
4141:Bone china
4020:Paper toys
3986:Papercraft
3912:Cast paper
3907:Cardmaking
3854:String art
3844:Shoemaking
3832:Rug making
3802:Needlework
3757:Embroidery
3747:Crocheting
3708:handicraft
3590:Buttonhole
3118:Elias Howe
3079:Simplicity
3014:Dressmaker
2922:Pincushion
2902:Needlecase
2897:Dress form
2856:Grain/bias
2810:Buttonhole
2779:Twill tape
2690:Style line
2617:Pad stitch
2607:Lockstitch
2572:Buttonhole
2552:Backstitch
2456:Techniques
2275:1848855842
2216:2003101645
1941:2012-02-28
1916:2020-04-30
1710:2023-11-18
1650:US2397931A
1297:2020-11-28
1273:2020-11-14
1125:2020-10-24
1071:References
932:cut steels
858:Birmingham
769:crocheting
755:silk knots
751:cuff links
542:Embroidery
403:, pressed
261:See also:
228:World Wars
158:Bronze Age
68:In modern
63:buttonhole
4452:Taxidermy
4442:Scrimshaw
4417:Pargeting
4343:Grotesque
4323:Dollhouse
4267:Goldsmith
4262:Jewellery
4252:Engraving
4209:Glassware
4194:Chip work
4161:Stoneware
4151:Porcelain
4103:Marquetry
4078:Carpentry
4073:Cabinetry
4050:Wallpaper
3976:Embossing
3969:Moneygami
3922:Decoupage
3807:Patchwork
3792:Millinery
3657:Waistline
3575:Belt hook
3562:Fasteners
3476:Polyester
3454:Synthetic
3395:Waistband
3069:Clothkits
3059:Butterick
3029:Silkwoman
2994:Suppliers
2849:Materials
2719:Bias tape
2652:Topstitch
2627:Rantering
2602:Hemstitch
2283:cite book
1770:, at the
742:cheongsam
673:cufflinks
527:Cloisonné
498:sculpture
417:porcelain
413:celluloid
405:cardboard
322:factories
319:high-tech
273:synthetic
243:compasses
221:smugglers
206:Byzantine
160:sites in
92:. In the
4407:Ornament
4370:Lapidary
4365:Lath art
4348:Gargoyle
4308:Beadwork
4282:Ironwork
4098:Intarsia
4093:Fretwork
4088:ĂbĂ©niste
4068:Bentwood
4045:Stamping
4035:Quilling
3981:Marbling
3964:Kirigami
3954:Kamikiri
3859:Tapestry
3812:Quilting
3772:Knitting
3652:Bustline
3647:Neckline
3552:Stingray
3527:Kangaroo
3410:Textiles
3158:New Home
3089:Machines
3074:McCall's
3051:Patterns
2932:Scissors
2793:Closures
2774:Soutache
2764:Rickrack
2675:Neckline
2642:Stoating
2612:Overlock
2557:Bar tack
2538:Stitches
2528:Shirring
2389:97122120
2337:92063104
2139:13 March
1787:Archived
1744:Archived
1634:11 March
1582:10 March
1560:10 March
1507:10 March
1478:10 March
1346:11 March
1323:11 March
1095:11 March
1058:See also
1048:Memorial
1026:pin-back
925:Wedgwood
552:Intaglio
547:Filigree
502:painting
494:ceramics
481:and the
433:xylonite
381:buckhorn
349:galalith
308:low-tech
284:artisans
191:Egypt's
173:seashell
146:Kot Diji
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