603:Φροντιστήρια (from φροντίζω, to take care of) have been a permanent fixture of the Greek educational system for several decades. They are considered the norm for learning foreign languages (English language learning usually starts during the elementary school years) and for having a chance to pass the university entrance examinations. The preparation for the country-wide university entrance examinations practically takes up the two last years of upper high school, and the general view is that the amount of relevant school hours is insufficient for the hard competition, regardless of the teachers' abilities. This leads to students taking state school lessons from 08.15 to 14.00 at school, going home for lunch, continue for two or three hours in the cramming school and returning to prepare the homework both for state school and "frontistirio". In the weekend, the students usually have lessons in the cramming school on Saturday morning and on Sunday morning revision tests. Unhired teachers by the state find a way to employment through these private businesses.
550:
as well as one or more weekly 2-to-4 hours written test on each major (often also on
Saturday). Students are expected to work on their own at least 2 hours a day, while the most ambitious students can work more than 5 hours every evening after classes, as well as during the weekend and holidays. Moreover, students have to take what is called "colles" (or "khôlles") mainly 2 times a week, which are oral interrogations. For science topics, it consists of an hour-long session where a group of typically 3 students, each on a board, and dealing with a question related to a specific lesson (e.g. a demonstration of a theorem) and/or exercises. The teacher listens to, assists and corrects the students, then grades them. Khôlles on languages (e.g. English) consists in a 30 minutes test: first listening to an audio or studying a newspaper article and summarizing it, and then writing a short essay on the theme. Everything is then presented orally to the teacher. Literacy khôlles often consist in preparing and presenting an essay.
1051:(補習班), and are not necessarily cram schools in the traditional sense. Almost any kind of extracurricular academic lesson such as music, art, math, and physics can be termed as such, even if students do not attend these classes specifically in order to pass an examination. It's a traditional belief that parents should send their children to all kinds of cram schools in order to compete against other talented children. Therefore, most children in Taiwan have a schedule packed with all sorts of cram school lessons. But when they study English, often with a "Native Speaker Teacher", they are actually studying at a private language school. Furthermore, since this study is ongoing, they are not "cramming" in the traditional sense of the word, and therefore, these language schools are not cram schools by strict definition.
875:
enter any tertiary institution; however, due to fierce competition, preparation in a cram school allows the candidate to achieve the highest grade possible in the entry exam and so gain entry to their desired
Tertiary Institution. Cram Schools are independent of universities, however, of recent a post-high-school, pre-university school has started at some public and private universities in Peru. Under the name of CEntro PREuniversitario (name or acronym of university, for instance CEPREUNI or CEPREPUCP, after Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria or Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, commonly referred to as "the CEPRE" or "the PRE"). Some of these CEPREs offer automatic admission to their university to their students who reach a set level of achievement
857:
weaker subjects, while many schoolchildren are increasingly known to attend at least 10 hours of private tuition every week. Correspondingly, the reputation and business of a tuition center often depends on venue, schedule, number of top-scoring clients, and advertizing by word of mouth. It is not uncommon for private tutors to offer exclusive pre-examination seminars, to the extent where some tutors entice schoolchildren to attend such seminars with the promise of examination tips, or even supposedly leaked examination questions.
694:, and teach students on techniques on answering questions in the examinations. They also provide students tips on which topics may appear on the coming examination (called "question tipping"), and provide students some sample questions that are similar to those that appear in the examinations. Some cram school teachers in Hong Kong have become idolized and attract many students to take their lessons. These teachers are called "King of tutors (補習天王)". English and math are the most common subjects taught in Hong Kong cram schools.
469:) are vital, deciding the academic future of the participants. This education system cultivated the cramming style of teaching. Schools and teachers usually regard grades to be the primary goal. This sometimes leads to teachers imparting exam skills instead of knowledge and inspiration. But as the population of students decreases each year and admission to domestic universities expands, the pressure of the Entrance Exam has been reducing.
948:, are well known for having a lot of hagwons. Because of hagwons, many Koreans have voiced complaints about how public education is falling behind in terms of quality compared to private education, creating a gap between students who can afford the expensive hagwon tuition fee and those who cannot. Today, it is almost mandatory for Korean students to attend one or more hagwons in order to achieve high results on a test.
1069:
987:
626:
325:
36:
779:, and accepts students preparing for National Examinations before passing elementary school, junior high school, high school and college entrance exams. These cram schools teach students with exam simulations and problem-solving tutorials. Usually, these cram schools teach students by past exam questions. Bimbels in Indonesia offer lessons after school hours, weekends or public holidays.
701:(HKDSE). These cram school teaching includes practicing exam questions and grammar drills. Moreover, they provide model essays for English language exam. However, some schools are not licensed, and few educators have teaching qualifications. Their education is fun and appealing to the students but may be of little use in actually passing exams.
952:
made by different education companies. These test preparation periods normally start a month before the test date. After school, generally, most students go to hagwons to supplement what they learned from the teachers who provide knowledge to the students. Students memorize for tests, and go to hagwons for high grades.
481:) ending high-school is easy to obtain (the success rate is about 90%), and the grades obtained matter relatively little (most higher education school choose their students before the baccalauréat results, based on grades during high school). Thus, baccalauréat cram schools are rare. Individual tutoring is more common.
874:
In Peru, cram schools, known as "Academias", are institutions which intensively prepare, in about a year, high school graduates to gain admission to either
University ("Academia Pre Universitaria"), or Military Schools ("Academia Pre-Militar"). Cram Schools in Peru are not an admission requirement to
549:
French prep schools are characterized by heavy workload and very high demands, varying however between schools. Programs are heavier than the first two years in public universities, covering several majors (for example Maths and
Physics). Students in CPGE have between 36 and 40 hours of class a week,
951:
South Korean students have two big tests per semester: midterms and finals. They just have written tests in those subjects. A distinct feature of the cramming teaching method in Korea is extra preparation for these tests, ranging from tests from previous years and other schools to various prep books
865:
In
Pakistan, it has become very common for parents to send their children to such institutions, popularly known as "academies", after school for further private coaching. It has become prevalent in almost all levels of education, from junior classes to colleges and, to a lesser extent, universities.
856:
and/or private tutors. These tutors may be full-time tutors, schoolteachers, retirees, or even senior students. Many concerned parents choose to send their children to different tuition classes or schedules based on the child's entrance examination subjects. Some students may go to tuition for their
833:
It is a large industry in Japan and caters to all types of school tests preparations, from kindergarten to high school graduation; it began growing rapidly in the 1970s. At that time, the number of universities was small, but college competition was intensive because almost 95% of students graduated
272:
etc., and public examinations like PSC, JSC, SSC, and HSC. There are also some variants which have entered the market of ever-increasing help seekers. For example, cram schools now also prepare students for language tests like IELTS and TOEFL, aptitude tests like GRE, GMAT, SAT, and so on. In recent
194:
Cram schools may specialize in a particular subject or subjects, or may be aligned with particular schools. Special cram schools that prepare students to re-take failed entrance examinations are also common. As the name suggests, the aim of a cram school is generally to impart as much information to
553:
Entrance competitive exams to the "Grandes Ecoles" consist in written and oral exams. For scientific branches, a project involving research-oriented works has to be prepared. Written exams are typically 4h-long sets of exercises and problems built around a specific topic (which often can't be fully
1288:
exams for college admission. Their curriculum is geared more towards vocabulary drills, problem sets, practicing essay composition, and learning effective test-taking strategies. College graduates and undergraduates near graduation will sometimes attend such classes to prepare for entrance exams
1236:
created the
Administrative class of government employees, selected by examination and interview rather than patronage. Crammers offered to prepare men of 18 to 25 years old for these examinations, mainly in classics, economics and foreign languages, which would provide entry to civil service or
1145:
for example, are widespread throughout the country. Some of them do not have instructors in class rooms in a traditional sense; students receive their tuition via television network, which can either relay a live session from another branch or replay a pre-recorded session. Parents generally
727:
in India—have sprung up all over the nation. These tutorials have become a parallel education system and it is very common and almost mandatory for the students to go to cram schools. They aim to tutor students to pass schools and college exams and getting their clients through various
1054:
Taiwan is well known for its cram schools. Nearly all students attend some kind of cram school to improve their skills. The meritocratic culture, which requires some skills testing for passports to college, graduate school, and even government service, is dominant on Taiwan's policy.
909:
In
Singapore, it is very common for students in the local education system to be enrolled in cram schools, better known locally as tuition centers. Enrollment in these after-school tuition centers is extremely high, especially for students bound for national exams, such as the
546:. A large proportion of CPGE are public schools, with very small tuition fees. There are about 400 CPGE schools for 869 classes, including about 58 private schools. They have produced most of France's scientists, intellectuals, and executives during the last two centuries.
1153:
The main reason given by attending students is to increase understanding in their lessons. The secondary reason of junior high school students is to want to know faster techniques whereas the reason of senior ones is to prepare for exam. The most attended subjects are
568:
study mainly math, physics and chemistry, IT, industrial sciences, biology and earth sciences. Sub-branches are : math-physics, physics-chemistry, physics-industrial sciences, and biology-earth sciences. Many French research scientists went through scientific
575:(often called "Prépa HEC") study mainly social sciences, economy, math and languages. Many important French public figures and politicians went through this way. Sub-branches specialize in math/economics, economics/social sciences, or management.
940:") after their school-day is finished, most students studying there until 10 P.M. Some types of cram schools include math, science, art, and English. English language institutes along with math are particularly popular. Certain places, such as
543:
762:
Various such exams are held for entering fields such as scientific research, engineering, medicine, management, accountancy, law and also into India's premier central and state government services organized by UPSC, SSC etc.
195:
its students as possible in the shortest period of time. The goal is to enable the students to obtain a required grade in particular examinations, or to satisfy other entrance requirements such as language skill (e.g.:
557:
This is a two-year track. In most schools, only the second year is explicitly focused on entrance exams preparation. If a student could not obtain the school(s) they wanted, they can repeat the second year.
456:
Entrance exams to domestic graduate program. Over recent years the competition has intensified, partially because many new college graduates fail to find satisfactory jobs and seek post-graduate education
1264:
Tutorial colleges in the United
Kingdom are also called "crammers", and are attended by some who want to attend the most prestigious universities. They have been around since the early 20th century.
936:
Although the South Korean educational system has been criticized internationally for its stress and competitiveness, it remains common for South Korean students to attend one or more cram schools ("
441:
English language exams. Passing the
College English Test (CET) band 4 and 6 is sometimes a prerequisite for bachelor's degree, and the certificates are often important to finding employment. The
236:
In
Bangladesh, cram schools are known as "coaching centers" and in some cases, "tutorials". Most cram schools provide help for admission tests of public universities and medical colleges like
186:, meaning to study a large amount of material in a short period of time. The word "crammer" may be used to refer to the school or to an individual teacher who assists a student in cramming.
819:, Leinster Senior College, The Dublin Academy of Education and Bruce College, teach full-time. Many others offer weekend or evening classes for students in subjects in which they struggle.
1165:
Most of the students in the top universities of Thailand have attended at least one cram class, especially in science-based faculties such as science, engineering, medicine, and pharmacy.
866:
Due to the near-universality of this system, it has become very difficult to compete successfully in almost any level of exams without them, despite the added burden on the students.
834:
from high school. In addition, Japan had the highest achievement test scores in the world from the 1980s to 2000, causing the cram school industry to grow. The cram schools, called
752:
883:
In the Philippines, cram schools are usually called "review centers" or "review schools". They are often attended by students in order to study for and pass college and university
852:
In Malaysia, it is considered a norm for parents, especially those from the middle and upper class, to send schoolchildren for private tuition. Such services are often provided by
1190:
1129:
Cram schooling in Thailand has become almost mandatory to succeed in high school or in the entrance examinations of universities. Cram schools in Thailand, which are called
1146:
encourage their children to attend these schools and they sometimes can be perceived as pushy. The system of cram school is currently blamed for discouraging pupils from
606:
These two popular views pave the ground for the abundant number of cram schools, also attended by numerous high school students for general support of their performance.
1213:
system resembles Indian and Japanese systems. Students, typically after school and on weekends (especially during the last year), are drilled on various aspects of the
216:
Cram schools are referred to largely as "coaching colleges", they are used primarily to achieve the necessary results for the entrance exam for selective schools in
1309:
589:
The tracks and schools are known for their folklore (slang terms, songs and hymns, anecdotes), and often inherited from early 19th-century generations of students.
1173:, those who failed in their first year, spend the whole following year studying at home or at a cram school for a better chance of going to a top university like
462:
431:
416:
578:
572:
565:
486:
743:
Many such schools prepare students to crack prestigious national entrance/scholarship exams at the high school level such as JEE (Joint Entrance Examination)
221:
461:
China has a test-driven system. Education departments give entrance examinations to sort students into schools of different levels. Examinations like the
748:
1233:
965:, also plays a large part in why so many students attend hagwons. However, unlike midterms and finals, many high school students also prepare for the
733:
698:
691:
1219:
1272:
A number of businesses, called "tutoring services" or "test preparation centers", are colloquially known as cram schools. They are used by some
1569:
1504:
919:
915:
892:
490:(prep school) or CPGE. These two-year programs are meant to prepare undergrad students to the entrance exams of high-profile graduate schools (
269:
744:
1590:
585:) study mainly philosophy, literature, foreign and ancient languages, history. Sub-branches specialize in social sciences or literature.
755:-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test – Undergraduate level) for entrance into major medical science undergraduate programs and
225:
1116:
1034:
673:
372:
119:
838:, are privately owned, and offer lessons conducted after regular school hours, on weekends, and during summer and winter breaks.
799:
examination. Competition for university places (the "points race") has intensified with recent years: students wishing to study
1214:
956:
812:
1388:
1094:
1012:
729:
710:
651:
554:
treated in the given amount of time), and require both reasoning and raw knowledge. Oral exams are often similar to khôlles.
386:
350:
57:
495:
394:
100:
1302:
1261:
is set in a language crammer typical of the period. These civil service crammers did not survive the Second World War.
1090:
1008:
647:
531:
523:
346:
72:
53:
450:
446:
1449:
888:
79:
1410:
1290:
796:
756:
737:
615:
690:
are called tutorial schools. These cram schools put focus on the major public examinations in Hong Kong, namely
308:
1174:
1079:
997:
636:
335:
265:
257:
199:). Cram schools are sometimes criticized, along with the countries in which they are prevalent, for a focus on
86:
1098:
1083:
1016:
1001:
655:
640:
354:
339:
46:
1478:
1294:
519:
261:
1595:
1178:
68:
1365:
307:
Cram schools are called "Preuniversitarios" in Chile, and are attended by students before taking PTU (
1526:
1484:
1313:
1257:
1182:
884:
182:
161:
1147:
792:
253:
527:
1285:
1251:
on which it is based, are set in a military crammer; its master plays an important role in both.
1186:
811:
in particular aim to achieve high points (up to 625) to be accepted. Some grind schools, such as
808:
535:
1345:
1281:
491:
1317:
1252:
1238:
1159:
941:
816:
273:
years, cram schools have also been extended to the tests for government civil services like
173:
1321:
1276:
candidates, and by many third and fourth year students in high schools to prepare for the
539:
274:
217:
478:
93:
1424:
904:
853:
847:
922:. Students attending tuition centers on a daily basis is not unheard of in Singapore.
1584:
1243:
220:. They are also used extensively in English, mathematics and science courses for the
200:
598:
412:
1490:
1474:
1329:
1248:
1155:
1068:
986:
625:
507:
415:, which is extra study for the improvement of students’ academic performance in
324:
165:
35:
1552:
1548:
296:
169:
484:
After the baccalauréat, about 5% of the French students attend the selective
1574:
959:, the standardized college entrance examination commonly referred to as the
687:
499:
736:
for medical courses at the undergraduate & postgraduate levels and the
582:
411:) are cram schools located in China. They are related to the phenomenon of
800:
286:
1169:
961:
511:
157:
17:
1366:"Historique de l'évolution du taux de réussite au Bac de 1967 à 2021"
1325:
937:
931:
788:
427:
High school entrance exam (after junior high, at 9th year of school).
402:
153:
423:). They exist due to the importance of standardized exams, such as:
1162:
for seniors. Average expense per course is about 2,001–3,000 baht.
945:
697:
Cram schools in Hong Kong are famous because of the stresses from
515:
503:
442:
196:
177:
1209:) system is the Turkish counterpart of cram schools. The Turkish
1298:
911:
835:
828:
728:
competitive exams to enter prestigious institutions such as the
249:
245:
241:
237:
453:
are required for studying abroad in English-speaking countries.
1333:
1277:
1273:
1062:
980:
804:
619:
318:
295:) in Brazil and are attended by students who will be taking a
29:
1555:
759:(CLAT) for entering into premier law schools of the country.
1328:) are often taken by undergraduate and graduate students in
969:
through online video lessons on websites that specialize in
203:
and a lack of training in critical thinking and analysis.
891:, the Philippine Physician Licensure Examination, or the
751:
to enter prestigious engineering colleges like the IITs,
1232:
Crammers first appeared in Britain after 1855 when the
160:
to achieve particular goals, most commonly to pass the
494:) in science, engineering and business — including
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1480:The Wheel of Time | Collaboration | Owen Wingrave
1191:King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
887:, or to pass licensure examinations such as the
1224:(YKS). This is cheaper than private tutoring.
463:National Higher Education Entrance Examination
432:National Higher Education Entrance Examination
417:National Higher Education Entrance Examination
311:) in order to get onto undergraduate studies.
27:School focused on preparing for entrance exams
1289:necessary for graduate level education (i.e.
8:
775:(learning assistance), often shortened into
1389:"Cramming schools: is it really education?"
1097:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1015:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
715:Numerous cram schools—referred to as
654:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
353:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1411:"Academias pre universitarias - Universia"
1237:diplomatic careers. The opening scenes of
291:Cram schools are called "Cursinhos" (lit.
1450:"Pourquoi choisir une boîte à bac ?"
1215:Higher Education Institutions Examination
1117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1035:Learn how and when to remove this message
912:Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE)
674:Learn how and when to remove this message
373:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
734:All India Institutes of Medical Sciences
699:Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education
487:Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles
1357:
299:exam to be admitted into a university.
228:, and other high school leavers exams.
893:Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination
561:There are three main branches :
771:Cram schools in Indonesia are called
7:
1095:adding citations to reliable sources
1013:adding citations to reliable sources
652:adding citations to reliable sources
351:adding citations to reliable sources
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1047:Cram schools in Taiwan are called
438:, mandatory for college admission.
226:Victorian Certificate of Education
25:
1503:John Izbicki (11 February 1999).
1067:
985:
740:for legal and judicial courses.
624:
323:
34:
1391:. Irish Times. 29 February 2000
957:College Scholastic Ability Test
730:Indian Institutes of Technology
45:needs additional citations for
711:Category:Cram schools in India
407:
398:
390:
1:
1527:"What is a tutorial college?"
791:", as they are known in the
732:for engineering courses the
1505:"The cream of the crammers"
795:, prepare students for the
717:coaching centers/institutes
1612:
1591:Test preparation companies
1425:"Education in South Korea"
1247:, and the 1892 novella by
929:
902:
889:Philippine Bar Examination
845:
826:
813:The Institute of Education
708:
613:
596:
309:University Transition Test
284:
1241:'s 1971 television opera
757:Common Law Admission Test
738:National Law Universities
616:Cram schools in Hong Kong
573:Economics/business branch
524:Arts et Métiers ParisTech
222:Higher School Certificate
176:name is derived from the
1234:Civil Service Commission
1175:Chulalongkorn University
725:dummy schools or classes
496:École Normale Supérieure
1308:Review courses for the
1485:Harper & Brothers
1179:Thammasart University
1049:supplementary classes
885:entrance examinations
162:entrance examinations
1529:. Greene's Education
1258:French Without Tears
1183:Kasetsart University
1091:improve this section
1009:improve this section
648:improve this section
347:improve this section
54:improve this article
1551:- publisher of the
1487:. pp. 145–220.
1378:A list is given in
1148:independent studies
1131:tutoring institutes
797:Leaving Certificate
793:Republic of Ireland
520:École polytechnique
477:The national exam (
419:(commonly known as
387:traditional Chinese
252:, Universities of
152:) is a specialized
1368:(in French). 2021.
1286:Advanced Placement
1187:Mahidol University
809:veterinary science
721:tutorials/tuitions
395:simplified Chinese
1346:Storefront school
1127:
1126:
1119:
1045:
1044:
1037:
773:bimbingan belajar
684:
683:
676:
579:Humanities branch
566:Scientific branch
383:
382:
375:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1603:
1557:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1318:Devry University
1253:Terence Rattigan
1239:Benjamin Britten
1223:
1160:English language
1158:for juniors and
1139:special tutoring
1135:tutoring schools
1122:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1071:
1063:
1040:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1020:
989:
981:
817:Ashfield College
686:Cram schools in
679:
672:
668:
665:
659:
628:
620:
409:
400:
392:
378:
371:
367:
364:
358:
327:
319:
270:medical colleges
156:that trains its
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1581:
1580:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1489:Retrieved from
1473:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1342:
1322:bar examination
1314:Becker Conviser
1310:CPA examination
1270:
1230:
1217:
1199:
1143:special classes
1123:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1088:
1072:
1061:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1006:
990:
979:
934:
928:
907:
901:
881:
872:
863:
854:tuition centers
850:
844:
831:
825:
785:
769:
713:
707:
680:
669:
663:
660:
645:
629:
618:
612:
601:
595:
540:École des Mines
536:CentraleSupélec
532:École des Ponts
475:
379:
368:
362:
359:
344:
328:
317:
305:
289:
283:
275:BCS Examination
234:
218:New South Wales
214:
209:
192:
136:(colloquially:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1565:
1564:External links
1562:
1559:
1558:
1540:
1518:
1495:
1466:
1441:
1416:
1402:
1380:
1371:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1269:
1266:
1229:
1228:United Kingdom
1226:
1198:
1195:
1125:
1124:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1043:
1042:
993:
991:
984:
978:
975:
930:Main article:
927:
924:
905:Tuition centre
903:Main article:
900:
897:
880:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
848:Tuition centre
846:Main article:
843:
840:
827:Main article:
824:
821:
784:
781:
768:
765:
706:
703:
682:
681:
632:
630:
623:
614:Main article:
611:
608:
597:Main article:
594:
591:
587:
586:
576:
570:
492:Grandes écoles
474:
471:
459:
458:
454:
439:
428:
381:
380:
331:
329:
322:
316:
313:
304:
301:
293:Little Courses
285:Main article:
282:
279:
233:
230:
213:
210:
208:
205:
191:
188:
146:tuition center
128:
127:
110:September 2018
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1608:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1570:"School Daze"
1568:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1507:. Independent
1506:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:United States
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:'s 1936 play
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1244:Owen Wingrave
1240:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1121:
1118:
1110:
1107:November 2023
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1076:This section
1074:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1039:
1036:
1028:
1025:November 2023
1018:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1003:
999:
994:This section
992:
988:
983:
982:
976:
974:
973:preparation.
972:
968:
964:
963:
958:
953:
949:
947:
943:
939:
933:
925:
923:
921:
917:
913:
906:
898:
896:
894:
890:
886:
878:
876:
869:
867:
860:
858:
855:
849:
841:
839:
837:
830:
822:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:Grind schools
782:
780:
778:
774:
766:
764:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
722:
718:
712:
704:
702:
700:
695:
693:
689:
678:
675:
667:
664:November 2023
657:
653:
649:
643:
642:
638:
633:This section
631:
627:
622:
621:
617:
609:
607:
604:
600:
592:
590:
584:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
564:
563:
562:
559:
555:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:Télécom Paris
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:
482:
480:
472:
470:
468:
464:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
433:
429:
426:
425:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
404:
396:
388:
377:
374:
366:
363:November 2023
356:
352:
348:
342:
341:
337:
332:This section
330:
326:
321:
320:
314:
312:
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
288:
280:
278:
276:
271:
267:
266:Jahangirnagar
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
211:
206:
204:
202:
201:rote learning
198:
189:
187:
185:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
69:"Cram school"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1596:School types
1573:
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1498:
1479:
1475:James, Henry
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1453:
1444:
1433:. Retrieved
1431:. 2018-10-16
1428:
1419:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1360:
1307:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1242:
1231:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1152:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1113:
1104:
1089:Please help
1077:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1031:
1022:
1007:Please help
995:
970:
966:
960:
954:
950:
935:
920:GCE A Levels
916:GCE O Levels
908:
882:
873:
864:
851:
832:
786:
776:
772:
770:
761:
742:
724:
720:
716:
714:
696:
685:
670:
661:
646:Please help
634:
605:
602:
599:Frontistirio
588:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:ISAE-SUPAERO
485:
483:
479:baccalauréat
476:
466:
460:
435:
420:
406:
384:
369:
360:
345:Please help
333:
306:
292:
290:
235:
215:
193:
181:
170:universities
166:high schools
150:exam factory
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1491:archive.org
1456:(in French)
1330:accountancy
1249:Henry James
1218: [
1207:dershaneler
1156:mathematics
955:The Korean
926:South Korea
879:Philippines
449:tests from
134:cram school
1585:Categories
1553:ACT (test)
1460:2023-02-02
1454:L'Etudiant
1435:2021-01-05
1352:References
1320:) and the
1316:, part of
709:See also:
297:vestibular
258:Chittagong
232:Bangladesh
80:newspapers
1575:Time Asia
1549:ACT, Inc.
1284:, and/or
1205:(plural,
1078:does not
996:does not
918:, or the
899:Singapore
767:Indonesia
688:Hong Kong
635:does not
610:Hong Kong
500:HEC Paris
385:Buxiban (
334:does not
212:Australia
207:By region
190:Education
142:test prep
1477:(1893).
1340:See also
1211:dershane
1203:dershane
1059:Thailand
861:Pakistan
842:Malaysia
801:medicine
749:Advanced
581:(called
457:instead.
287:Cursinho
262:Rajshahi
183:cramming
158:students
1533:11 July
1511:11 July
1395:11 July
1324:(e.g.,
1312:(e.g.,
1170:Dek siw
1099:removed
1084:sources
1017:removed
1002:sources
971:suneung
967:suneung
962:suneung
942:Gangnam
938:hagwons
783:Ireland
656:removed
641:sources
512:EM Lyon
408:Bǔxíbān
355:removed
340:sources
174:English
138:crammer
94:scholar
18:Buxiban
1326:Barbri
1197:Turkey
977:Taiwan
932:Hagwon
777:bimbel
747:&
593:Greece
583:Khâgne
542:, and
473:France
467:Gaokao
436:Gaokao
421:Gaokao
405::
403:pinyin
397::
389::
281:Brazil
172:. The
154:school
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1222:]
1189:, or
1141:, or
946:Seoul
823:Japan
705:India
692:HKDSE
569:CPGE.
516:ESSEC
504:EDHEC
443:TOEFL
434:, or
315:China
303:Chile
254:Dhaka
197:IELTS
180:term
178:slang
148:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
1535:2020
1513:2020
1429:WENR
1397:2020
1332:and
1299:MCAT
1291:LSAT
1201:The
1082:any
1080:cite
1000:any
998:cite
870:Peru
836:juku
829:Juku
753:NEET
745:Main
639:any
637:cite
508:ESCP
445:and
430:The
413:buke
338:any
336:cite
264:and
250:KUET
246:RUET
242:CUET
238:BUET
73:news
1334:law
1305:).
1303:GRE
1295:DAT
1282:ACT
1278:SAT
1274:GED
1093:by
1011:by
944:in
807:or
805:law
650:by
451:ETS
447:GRE
399:补习班
391:補習班
349:by
168:or
164:of
56:by
1587::
1572:,
1547:*
1483:.
1452:.
1427:.
1336:.
1301:,
1297:,
1293:,
1280:,
1220:tr
1193:.
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1150:.
1137:,
1133:,
914:,
895:.
815:,
803:,
723:,
719:,
538:,
534:,
530:,
526:,
522:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
506:,
502:,
498:,
401:;
393:;
277:.
268:,
260:,
256:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
224:,
144:,
140:,
132:A
1537:.
1515:.
1493:.
1463:.
1438:.
1413:.
1399:.
1120:)
1114:(
1109:)
1105:(
1101:.
1087:.
1038:)
1032:(
1027:)
1023:(
1019:.
1005:.
787:"
677:)
671:(
666:)
662:(
658:.
644:.
465:(
376:)
370:(
365:)
361:(
357:.
343:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
