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293:, these locations were too susceptible to air attack. Additionally, the conditions under which the paintings were stored at these sites were not ideal. The National Gallery's scientific adviser Francis Rawlins surveyed the quarry in September 1940, and decided that five of the unused chambers could be isolated from the working quarry and used as storage space. The access road to the quarry was improved and explosives were used to enlarge the entrance, so that lorries could be unloaded inside the hillside. Brick bunkers were built internally, and a simple air conditioning system was used to counteract the damp conditions. Narrow gauge tracks were installed in the chambers, and several closed wagons were built by the
252:. This quarry was owned by the Festiniog Slate Co., and the tramway was financed by them, with quarries who wanted to use it paying tolls to them. Significant development of the Bwlch y Slaters site began in 1866, when a connection from the quarry to the tramway was made, enabling finished slates to be exported to market much more easily. A steam-powered mill was constructed, and underground chambers were developed. The Bwlch y Slaters branch left the main tramway by a trailing siding and a shunting neck, before heading in a broadly south-westerly direction to reach the quarry. This arrangement required wagons to be reversed twice before they could be taken to Blaenau Ffestiniog.
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9.5 mm. They conform to a
British standard, and are normally expected to last longer than the building to which they are attached. The planning permission under which the quarry was reopened covered extraction up to 31 December 2022, and allows them to produce 15,000 tonnes of product each year. However, by the end of 2022, there will still be large reserves of rock at the site, and Welsh Slate have applied to
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in some years. By 1913 there were 49 workers, all of whom were laid off when working was suspended, but the quarry was working again by 1919. The quarry reverted to exporting slates via Cwm Teigl in the 1920s, after they failed to reach agreement over increased charges for using the tramway. The operating company was Manod Slate
Quarries in 1937, who employed 66 men to extract and process the slate.
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seven years by a company probably called the
Manchester and Festiniog Slate Co. James Meyrick then worked it, but lost the lease when he failed to make the payments for the lease. His manager, Edward Jones, then worked it, before selling the lease to a Mr Williams of Benner Fawr. Williams spent some £10,000 developing the site. During this period, slates were exported by taking them down Cwm Teigl.
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277:, to protect them from bomb damage. Following the retreat from Dunkirk and the fall of France and the Low Countries to Germany, plans were made by the government to protect the national art collection. Shipping the paintings to Canada was ruled out as too risky, because of the danger of attack by a U-boat, and although much of the collection had already been moved from London to
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Although it was thought that controlling the temperature and humidity were beneficial for the conservation of artworks, storage at Bwlch y
Slaters provided an opportunity for a whole collection to be monitored, and it was found that many of the pictures were in better condition at the end of the war
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in the 1780s. Its early history is a little sketchy, but John
Pritchard took a lease on the quarry for seven years in May 1824. Two months later, three-quarters of the quarry were leased to James Smart. Two men called Hudson and Magnes re-opened the quarry in 1835, and subsequently it was worked for
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of slates. There was another period of closure in the 1890s, with the quarry reopening in 1896. Production fell below 100 tons per year on occasions, but a second site was opened in 1903 at a higher level, linked to the original site by an incline, enabling the quarry to export 2,000 tons of slates
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acquired the quarry, which it operated under the trade name Welsh Slate. It is thought to be the highest industrial site in
Britain. The slates which the quarry produces are normally 50 by 25 centimetres (19.7 by 9.8 in) and modern machinery allows them to specify the thickness as 5.5, 7.5 or
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Output from the quarry was quite variable, with periods when it closed and then reopened. In 1873 it was recorded as being productive again, presumably after a period when it was not, and in 1882 there were just two workers, but no output was recorded. Two years later, forty workers produced 1,058
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Once the
Department of the Environment relinquished control of the quarry, a new mill was built, occupying much the same location as the historic mill, but equipped with an automatic dressing machine, a profiler, and a line where flooring and cladding slabs are produced. The mill was completed in
330:. They only ceased to do so in the 1980s after a lengthy battle in the courts. In 1954 there were 35 men employed in the active part of the quarry, but they only produced 470 tons of finished slate. Six years later, quarrying operations ceased.
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By the end of 1945, all of the collection had been returned to London, and although a small part of the quarry reopened, the
Department of the Environment maintained control of the site in case it was required again, particularly during the
314:, it was too large to fit under a railway bridge on the approach to the storage site, requiring the road surface to be lowered to allow the vehicle to get through. By the summer of 1941, the entire collection was housed in the quarry.
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group, who invested in earth moving machinery and in modern sawing and dressing tables. During their tenure, Alfred McAlpine renamed the combined Bwlch y
Slaters and Graig Ddu quarry as Cwt y Bugail, a name reused from the nearby
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delivery trucks or in Post Office vans, so that their contents were not obvious. Some very large pictures were packed into specially-made "elephant cases", and in the case of
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322:, who was in charge of the pictures while they were in the quarry, also carried out research and was able to produce new editions of the National Gallery catalogues.
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than they had been at the beginning. This led to changes in the way paintings were displayed and conserved once the collection returned to the
National Gallery.
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1985. Modern quarrying operations at the site of the Bwlch y Slaters quarry began and quickly extended over the summit of Manod Mawr to reach the derelict
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some 2 miles (3.2 km) away. Untopping at the quarry ceased in September 2007, when Alfred McAlpine ran into financial difficulties.
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The Festiniog Railway 1800 - 1974; Vol. 2 - Locomotives and Rolling Stock; Quarries and Branches: Rebirth 1954-74
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The project was quite secretive, and many of the smaller paintings arrived either in
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552:"Manod / Welsh Slate's 'Cwt y Bugail Quarry': A brief history of the quarry"
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and then followed a level course to the top of an incline down to the
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The junction of the Bwlch-y-Slaters tramway with the Rhiwbach tramway
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273:, several of the chambers were used to store the contents of the
471:"33 photos of priceless artworks hidden inside Snowdonia quarry"
343:. Much of the original quarry site has been obliterated by this
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at their Derby works, which were hand-shunted along the tracks.
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488:"The British Quarry That Hid Van Gogh, da Vinci and Rembrandt"
501:"How National Gallery's art was hidden from Hitler in WW2"
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381:The Festiniog Railway; Vol. 1 - History and Route
1193:Portmadoc, Beddgelert and South Snowdon Railway
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435:"Bid to extend life of Gwynedd slate quarry"
359:Subsequently, operations restarted when the
347:operation. The quarry was then owned by the
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452:A History of the North Wales Slate Industry
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533:The Slate Regions of North and Mid Wales
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700:. The National Gallery. February 2018.
514:A Gazeteer of the Welsh Slate Industry
186:, or, since the closure of the nearby
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562:from the original on 31 January 2019.
494:from the original on 9 November 2020.
481:from the original on 17 January 2022.
7:
698:"Manod: The Nation's Treasure Caves"
486:Patowary, Kaushik (22 August 2018).
295:London, Midland and Scottish Railway
445:from the original on 24 March 2022.
469:Molyneux, Jess (16 January 2022).
14:
1183:North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways
507:from the original on 22 May 2019.
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1122:Ffestiniog Railway rolling stock
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311:Equestrian Portrait of Charles I
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1208:Welsh Highland Heritage Railway
240:completed construction of the
1:
1173:Festiniog and Blaenau Railway
433:Hughes, Owen (4 March 2022).
531:Richards, Alun John (1999).
512:Richards, Alun John (1991).
831:. Lagan Building Solutions.
815:"Cwt y Bugail Slate Quarry"
499:Prior, Neil (19 May 2019).
16:Slate quarry in north Wales
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1188:Porthmadog cross town link
1096:The Spooners of Porthmadog
1970:
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756:"Manod's role in wartime"
287:National Library of Wales
194:) is a slate quarry near
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26:
1798:Rhiw-goch (Denbighshire)
1344:Fron-Boeth and Pant-Mawr
535:. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.
516:. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.
2005:Slate mines in Gwynedd
1783:Deeside and Moelfferna
1203:Welsh Highland Railway
1086:Robert Francis Fairlie
863:Bwlch y Slaters quarry
550:Sallery, Dave (2008).
450:Lindsay, Jean (1974).
176:Bwlch y Slaters quarry
63:Bwlch y Slaters quarry
865:at Wikimedia Commons
454:. David and Charles.
406:Boyd, J I C (1975b).
379:Boyd, J I C (1975a).
1282:Welsh slate quarries
1922:Frongoch (Aberdyfi)
948:Campbell's Platform
791:. National Gallery.
657:, pp. 441–442.
354:Cwt y Bugail quarry
192:Cwt y Bugail quarry
188:Cwt y Bugail quarry
129: /
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2010:Ffestiniog Railway
1404:Votty & Bowydd
1290:Blaenau Ffestiniog
1142:Fairlie locomotive
1060:Votty & Bowydd
979:Boston Lodge Works
963:Blaenau Ffestiniog
913:Porthmadog Harbour
899:Ffestiniog Railway
490:. Amusing Planet.
246:Blaenau Ffestiniog
238:Ffestiniog Railway
196:Blaenau Ffestiniog
133:52.9920°N 3.8911°W
86:Blaenau Ffestiniog
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1684:Rhiw-goch (Conwy)
1561:Bryn Hafod-y-Wern
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1228:Trains portal
1168:Cwmorthin Tramway
918:Boston Lodge Halt
861:Media related to
789:"Art Underground"
633:, pp. 46–47.
542:978-0-86381-552-2
523:978-0-86381-196-8
461:978-0-7153-6265-5
417:978-0-85361-168-4
410:. Oakwood Press.
390:978-0-85361-167-7
383:. Oakwood Press.
334:Modern operations
283:Bangor University
200:Blaenau Festiniog
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817:. Welsh Slate.
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1755:
1749:
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1743:Pen-yr-Orsedd
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1644:
1642:valleys areas
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1487:Abercwmeiddaw
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1419:Dinas Mawddwy
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1300:Cwm Penmachno
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1132:Little Wonder
1130:
1128:
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1115:Rolling stock
1113:
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1066:
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1041:
1040:Moelwyn Slate
1038:
1036:
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1026:
1023:
1021:
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802:Richards 1991
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731:
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726:Patowary 2018
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711:Molyneux 2022
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361:Breedon Group
357:
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320:Martin Davies
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236:In 1863, the
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83:
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72:
51:
42:
37:
30:
25:
19:
1974:
1952:Rhyd-yr-Onen
1947:Penrhyn-gwyn
1733:Nantlle Vale
1605:Chwarel Fawr
1571:Pantdreiniog
1497:Aberllefenni
1478:Dulas Valley
1468:Tal y Mieryn
1334:Cwt y Bugail
1313:
1147:Dandy waggon
1081:Henry Archer
1015:Cwt y Bugail
999:
855:
837:
823:
809:
797:
768:
760:penmorfa.com
759:
750:
743:Sallery 2008
706:
682:Lindsay 1974
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
607:Lindsay 1974
602:
556:penmorfa.com
555:
532:
513:
503:. BBC News.
474:
451:
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372:Bibliography
358:
337:
324:
316:
309:
299:
268:
254:
235:
227:
213:
207:
199:
191:
183:
180:Manod quarry
179:
175:
174:
69:Location in
18:
1902:Bryn Eglwys
1827:Ty'n-y-coed
1788:Moel y Faen
1728:Moel Tryfan
1694:Ty'n-y-bryn
1654:Chwarel Ddu
1581:Tan-y-Bwlch
1448:Gartheiniog
1359:Maenofferen
1309:Blaen y Cwm
1106:Alan Pegler
1035:Maenofferen
995:Blaen y Cwm
958:Tanygrisiau
943:Tan-y-Bwlch
842:Hughes 2022
291:Aberystwyth
269:During the
218:North Wales
136: /
112:Coordinates
1999:Categories
1862:Llangolman
1759:Llangollen
1748:Tal-y-Sarn
1738:Pen-y-Bryn
1664:Cwm Eigiau
1566:Moel Faban
1532:Llwyngwern
1502:Braichgoch
1492:Abercorris
1458:Maesygamfa
1443:Foel Dinas
1433:Cae Abatty
1424:Aberangell
773:Prior 2019
667:Boyd 1975b
655:Boyd 1975b
643:Boyd 1975b
631:Boyd 1975a
619:Boyd 1975b
569:References
475:Daily Post
439:Daily Post
230:Manod Mawr
206:(formerly
198:(formerly
149:Production
121:52°59′31″N
1942:Glyn-lago
1897:Bellstone
1837:Goleuwern
1713:Alexandra
1674:Hafod-Las
1615:Glyrhonwy
1591:Llanberis
1453:Hendreddu
1389:Penmachno
1354:Llechwedd
1349:Graig Ddu
1329:Cwmorthin
1030:Llechwedd
1025:Graig Ddu
1010:Cwmorthin
938:Plas Halt
933:Rhiw Goch
923:Minffordd
426:874117875
345:untopping
209:Merioneth
124:3°53′28″W
22:Graig Ddu
1957:Rosebush
1907:Cwm Ebol
1890:Outliers
1842:Hen-Ddol
1822:Bryngwyn
1773:Cambrian
1757:Vale of
1723:Dorothea
1620:Marchlyn
1610:Dinorwic
1552:Bethesda
1507:Cambergi
1394:Rhiwbach
1127:Princess
1055:Rhiwbach
988:Quarries
906:Stations
560:Archived
505:Archived
492:Archived
479:Archived
443:Archived
328:Cold War
285:and the
154:Products
81:Location
39:Location
1937:Gilfach
1917:Dolgoch
1793:Penarth
1718:Cilgwyn
1600:Cefn Du
1576:Penrhyn
1537:Ratgoed
1522:Gaewern
1512:Cymerau
1463:Minllyn
1409:Wrysgan
1399:Rhosydd
1379:Oakeley
1369:Moelwyn
1324:Croesor
1319:Conglog
1294:Croesor
1065:Wrysgan
1050:Oakeley
1005:Conglog
953:Dduallt
928:Penrhyn
399:2074549
302:Cadbury
224:History
204:Gwynedd
102:Country
96:Gwynedd
71:Gwynedd
1932:Glogue
1912:Darren
1813:Arthog
1778:Clogau
1768:Berwyn
1649:Cedryn
1625:Vivian
1527:Hengae
1074:People
539:
520:
458:
424:
414:
397:
387:
202:), in
168:Quarry
92:County
1803:Wynne
1639:Conwy
1635:Lledr
1426:areas
1364:Manod
1302:areas
158:Slate
106:Wales
84:near
1864:Area
1815:area
1761:area
1706:area
1689:Rhos
1669:Foel
1637:and
1593:area
1554:area
1480:area
1421:and
1384:Parc
1298:and
537:ISBN
518:ISBN
456:ISBN
422:OCLC
412:ISBN
395:OCLC
385:ISBN
258:tons
164:Type
1517:Era
1137:Lyd
308:'s
289:at
216:),
212:or
2001::
1292:,
780:^
758:.
733:^
718:^
689:^
674:^
577:^
558:.
554:.
477:.
473:.
441:.
437:.
420:.
393:.
281:,
220:.
190:,
182:,
1296:,
1274:e
1267:t
1260:v
891:e
884:t
877:v
844:.
775:.
762:.
745:.
728:.
713:.
545:.
526:.
464:.
428:.
401:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
