1112:
1186:
139:
574:
116:
563:
5778:
1148:
1267:
1099:
907:
Until recently, relationships between these subfamilies were either poorly supported or almost completely obscure. Continuing disagreements focused primarily on the correct circumscription of these subfamilies, including the preservation of the family
Bombacaceae. A study published in 2021 presented
979:, these trichomatous nectaries are located on the inner surface of the sepals, but flowers of the subfamily Tiliodeae also have present nectaries on the petals. Malvean flowers also share a unifying structure known as a bicolor unit, named for its initial discovery in the flowers of
966:
structure called a bicolor unit. Tile cells consist of vertically positioned cells interspersed between and dimensionally similar to procumbent ray cells. Evidence of
Malvean wood fossils has confirmed their evolutionary link in Malvaceae
991:
subtend axillary buds that become these lateral stalks. One bract within this whorl is a sterile bract. The bicolor unit is a variable structure in complexity, but the presence of fertile and sterile bracts is a salient characteristic.
619:, are not monophyletic groups. The Malvaceae can be expanded to include all of these families so as to compose a monophyletic group. Adopting this circumscription, the Malvaceae incorporate a much larger number of genera.
983:. The bicolor unit consists of an ordered inflorescence with determinate cymose structures. The inflorescence can branch off the main axis, creating separate orders of the flowers, with the main axis developing first.
953:
canals, and stratified wedge-shaped phloem. These affinities were problematic because they were not always shared within the core families. Later studies revealed more unambiguous synapomorphies within
Malvaceae
2271:
Judd, W. S.; Manchester, S. R. (1997). "Circumscription of
Malvaceae (Malvales) as Determined by a Preliminary Cladistic Analysis of Morphological, Anatomical, Palynological, and Chemical Characters".
949:
The relationships between the "core
Malvales" families used to be defined on the basis of shared "malvean affinities". These included the presence of malvoid teeth, stems with
2522:
1948:
Bayer, C. (1999). "Support for an expanded family concept of
Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences".
2212:
Bayer, C. (1999). "Support for an expanded family concept of
Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastidatpB andrbcL DNA sequences".
2418:
6037:
2325:
Perveen, A.; Grafström, E.; El-Ghazaly, G. (2004). "World Pollen and Spore Flora 23. Malvaceae Adams. P.p. Subfamilies: Grewioideae, Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae".
6076:
2553:
1819:
Cvetković, Tijana; Areces-Berazain, Fabiola; Hinsinger, Damien D; Thomas, Daniel C; Wieringa, Jan J; Ganesan, Santhana K; Strijk, Joeri S (2021-04-23).
1111:
5985:
2601:
2214:
2009:
Erbar, Claudia (2014). "Nectar secretion and nectaries in basal angiosperms, magnoliids and non-core eudicots and a comparison with core eudicots".
1950:
1492:
6050:
5998:
1542:
1536:
5858:
2509:
1752:
2519:
2177:"Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences"
2546:
2144:
6210:
2427:
6024:
2160:
Baum, D. A.; W. S. Alverson; R. Nyffeler (1998). "A durian by any other name: taxonomy and nomenclature of the core
Malvales".
2043:
6174:
6055:
2176:
6063:
2580:
2366:"Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data"
2011:
2041:
Bayer, C (1999). "The bicolor unit — homology and transformation of an inflorescence structure unique to core
Malvales".
5781:
2606:
2596:
2539:
2365:
1824:
628:
5871:
5845:
1488:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
6243:
6179:
6138:
2448:
2373:
2181:
1874:
1729:
1709:
1689:
1669:
1649:
1629:
1185:
227:
138:
975:. exhibit nectaries consisting of densely arranged multicellular hairs resembling trichomes. In most of Malvaceae
6081:
6143:
603:, has been more recently defined on the basis that genetics studies have shown the commonly recognised families
2591:
2162:
1116:
932:
242:
2175:
Baum, D. A.; Dewitt Smith, S.; Yen, A.; Alverson, W. S.; Nyffeler, R.; Whitlock, B. A.; Oldham, R. L. (2004).
5962:
480:
estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include
5936:
5798:
1774:
1416:
5876:
2090:
6112:
2412:
1870:
1565:
5967:
5941:
5863:
2364:
Tate, J. A., J. F. Aguilar, S. J. Wagstaff, J. C. La Duke, T. A. Bodo Slotta and B. B. Simpson (2005).
2113:
6130:
1722:
1702:
1682:
1662:
1642:
1622:
6215:
6091:
6003:
5897:
2336:
2327:
2282:
2052:
1914:
1905:
1531:
1436:
1348:
2504:
2438:
Alverson, William S.; Whitlock, Barbara A.; Nyffeler, Reto; Bayer, Clemens; Baum, David A. (1999).
2273:
1354:
493:
6238:
6197:
5949:
5621:
4839:
4731:
4355:
2842:
2586:
2467:
2352:
2306:
2298:
2068:
1967:
1930:
1801:
297:
133:
1462:
6117:
1238:
are five to numerous, and connate at least at their bases, but often forming a tube around the
1173:
contain mucous canals and often also mucous cavities. Hairs are common, and are most typically
1000:
The
English common name 'mallow' (also applied to other members of Malvaceae) comes from Latin
6099:
5884:
5578:
5377:
4929:
4789:
4718:
4641:
4522:
4408:
4325:
3690:
2681:
2617:
2475:
2400:
2200:
2140:
1853:
1793:
1748:
1410:
1189:
1014:
itself was ultimately derived from the word for the plant in ancient Mediterranean languages.
988:
6042:
1165:, often palmately lobed or compound and palmately veined. The margin may be entire, but when
6104:
5462:
5452:
5412:
5392:
5168:
5098:
5073:
5020:
4794:
4784:
4547:
4484:
4428:
4403:
4149:
4054:
4021:
3811:
3725:
3720:
3695:
3596:
3558:
3466:
3130:
2993:
2968:
2963:
2756:
2673:
2457:
2392:
2382:
2344:
2290:
2257:
2223:
2190:
2060:
2020:
1959:
1922:
1843:
1833:
1783:
1579:
1511:
1501:
1270:
1124:
747:
419:
125:
5743:
5530:
5397:
5382:
4962:
4849:
4829:
4824:
4814:
4779:
4595:
4590:
4390:
4360:
4330:
4214:
4179:
4139:
4114:
4104:
4064:
3816:
3705:
3588:
3563:
3458:
3430:
3420:
3213:
3183:
3125:
3110:
2973:
2799:
2706:
2563:
2526:
2499:
2431:
2248:
1377:
1281:
1266:
1194:
1077:
1061:
792:
751:
639:
of the family is shown below. The diamond denotes a poorly supported branching (<80%).
526:
489:
477:
253:
176:
5954:
5836:
2024:
1214:
in the structure of a bicolor unit. They can be unisexual or bisexual, and are generally
5928:
2531:
2340:
2286:
2056:
1918:
5977:
5735:
5725:
5707:
5679:
5641:
5631:
5583:
5550:
5540:
5535:
5457:
5407:
5354:
5339:
5224:
5138:
5078:
5068:
4972:
4874:
4809:
4799:
4759:
4741:
4542:
4469:
4257:
4219:
4174:
4109:
4084:
4059:
4003:
3917:
3685:
3632:
3568:
3425:
3317:
3294:
3256:
3233:
3223:
3026:
2888:
2827:
2691:
2262:
2243:
1963:
1848:
1820:
1250:
is superior, with axial placentation, with capitate or lobed stigma. The flowers have
1247:
815:
810:
724:
664:
283:
273:
258:
163:
115:
2424:
6232:
5717:
5646:
5616:
5593:
5588:
5573:
5525:
5492:
5487:
5422:
5216:
5201:
5148:
5128:
5088:
5083:
5063:
5025:
4977:
4924:
4914:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4834:
4749:
4726:
4708:
4676:
4661:
4623:
4527:
4507:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4345:
4340:
4320:
4305:
4267:
4262:
4209:
4199:
4194:
4144:
4124:
4099:
4089:
3990:
3912:
3892:
3831:
3826:
3806:
3740:
3710:
3670:
3578:
3573:
3520:
3390:
3352:
3327:
3299:
3284:
3228:
3208:
3203:
3120:
3087:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2978:
2948:
2880:
2847:
2837:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2653:
2635:
2567:
1991:
1986:
1971:
1506:
1487:
1305:
1215:
1203:
1019:
963:
669:
612:
589:
73:
2356:
2072:
1934:
1805:
1147:
6202:
5656:
5651:
5636:
5626:
5565:
5447:
5432:
5402:
5359:
5349:
5303:
5280:
5270:
5242:
5143:
5123:
5093:
5035:
4982:
4904:
4859:
4819:
4774:
4764:
4754:
4646:
4615:
4580:
4565:
4479:
4474:
4380:
4134:
4129:
4094:
4074:
4049:
4036:
4026:
3998:
3955:
3950:
3907:
3874:
3859:
3821:
3798:
3735:
3730:
3715:
3680:
3662:
3614:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3415:
3375:
3309:
3289:
3279:
3271:
3238:
3198:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3077:
3072:
3036:
2953:
2832:
2789:
2686:
2663:
2627:
2310:
2234:
Bayer, C. and K. Kubitzki 2003. Malvaceae, pp. 225–311. In K. Kubitzki (ed.),
1046:
857:
767:
532:
263:
248:
1169:, a vein ends at the tip of each tooth (malvoid teeth). Stipules are present. The
6189:
5889:
5850:
1788:
1769:
1743:
Judd, W.S.; Campbell, C.S.; Kellogg, E.A.; Stevens, P.F.; Donoghue, M.J. (2008).
587:
The circumscription of the Malvaceae is controversial. The traditional Malvaceae
6068:
6011:
5830:
5611:
5507:
5467:
5442:
5437:
5427:
5295:
5285:
5275:
5257:
5206:
5158:
5153:
5133:
5113:
5040:
4967:
4909:
4864:
4804:
4769:
4666:
4656:
4600:
4512:
4451:
4446:
4398:
4370:
4350:
4310:
4292:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4159:
4154:
4119:
4013:
3970:
3945:
3869:
3841:
3836:
3675:
3652:
3637:
3606:
3525:
3400:
3380:
3342:
3193:
3188:
3165:
3150:
3092:
3082:
2988:
2983:
2935:
2852:
2776:
2761:
2738:
2733:
2658:
2645:
2494:
1838:
1422:
1343:
1289:
1278:
1162:
1103:
690:
685:
604:
573:
567:
562:
268:
48:
6166:
1584:
1098:
5694:
5684:
5661:
5545:
5482:
5417:
5344:
5321:
5247:
5193:
5103:
4957:
4944:
4919:
4899:
4651:
4633:
4605:
4575:
4570:
4502:
4461:
4438:
4375:
4365:
4315:
4300:
4229:
4184:
4169:
4079:
3980:
3960:
3922:
3902:
3624:
3530:
3410:
3395:
3385:
3115:
3064:
3003:
2958:
2809:
2766:
2725:
2716:
2348:
1318:
1285:
1207:
1170:
1071:
920:
839:
776:
772:
742:
599:
518:(lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include
288:
278:
93:
58:
5821:
1602:
17:
5923:
5910:
5702:
5671:
5603:
5472:
5331:
5313:
5265:
5234:
5163:
5108:
5045:
5030:
5015:
4952:
4934:
4869:
4844:
4681:
4585:
4537:
4164:
4069:
4044:
3515:
3507:
3405:
3370:
3347:
3337:
3322:
3261:
3218:
3178:
3155:
2925:
2857:
2748:
1570:
1364:
1309:
1301:
1251:
1227:
1174:
636:
608:
594:
550:
98:
41:
6156:
2479:
2404:
2227:
2204:
2195:
1857:
1797:
2244:"A Critical Revision of Certain Taxonomic Groups of the Malvales Part Ii1"
1903:
Thorne, R (1992). "Classification and geography of the flowering plants".
6151:
5815:
5555:
5477:
5387:
5369:
5118:
5055:
5007:
4997:
4854:
4671:
4557:
4532:
4494:
4335:
4204:
4189:
3975:
3965:
3940:
3897:
3864:
3773:
3700:
3497:
3480:
3332:
3248:
3102:
2917:
2907:
2819:
2387:
1821:"Phylogenomics resolves deep subfamilial relationships in Malvaceae s.l."
1566:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
1441:
1385:
1330:
1324:
1255:
1219:
950:
866:
627:
This article is based on the second circumscription, as presented by the
520:
212:
189:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
2135:
Heywood, Vernon Hilton; Brummitt, R. K.; Culham, A.; Seberg, O. (2007).
5517:
5183:
4282:
4237:
3932:
3884:
3851:
3765:
3489:
3435:
2943:
2471:
2396:
2302:
2064:
1926:
1516:
1015:
544:
103:
78:
1007:
1002:
971:, as well as explained their diverse structures. Flowers of Malvaceae
635:(hereafter simply "Malvaceae") comprise nine subfamilies. A tentative
500:. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as
6016:
3788:
3755:
3362:
3173:
1405:
1401:
1359:
1313:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1040:
1028:
862:
538:
497:
485:
202:
6029:
5990:
5792:
2462:
2439:
2294:
1545:
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland. 17 January 2017
962:
include the presence of tile cells, trichomatous nectaries, and an
6125:
5915:
1369:
1265:
1231:
1223:
1211:
1202:
The flowers are commonly borne in definite or indefinite axillary
1184:
1146:
1136:
1128:
1110:
1097:
984:
938:
771:: about 20 genera, about 380 species, palaeo-tropical, especially
578:
572:
561:
514:
508:
502:
150:
1393:
1166:
1158:
1132:
615:, which have always been considered closely allied to Malvaceae
481:
5796:
2535:
2238:, vol. 5, Malvales, Capparales and non-betalain Caryophyllales.
1210:, oppositifolious, or terminal. They often bear supernumerary
1206:, which are often reduced to a single flower, but may also be
464:
458:
5902:
1177:. Stems of Bombacoideae are often covered in thick prickles.
1034:
1022:
814:: eight to 12 genera, 10 to 90 species, tropical, especially
796:: eight genera, about 70 species, especially palaeo-tropical
1400:) are important agricultural crops. The fruit and leaves of
1987:"Tile cells and their occurrence in Malvalean fossil woods"
449:
443:
437:
425:
1218:, often associated with conspicuous bracts, forming an
1107:, the hollyhock, is a common garden flower in Malvaceae
908:
a fully resolved phylogenetic framework for Malvaceae
461:
455:
446:
440:
1085:
1069:
434:
428:
5805:
5734:
5716:
5693:
5670:
5602:
5564:
5516:
5505:
5368:
5330:
5312:
5294:
5256:
5233:
5215:
5192:
5181:
5054:
5006:
4995:
4943:
4740:
4717:
4706:
4632:
4614:
4556:
4493:
4460:
4437:
4389:
4291:
4280:
4228:
4035:
4012:
3989:
3931:
3883:
3850:
3797:
3786:
3764:
3753:
3661:
3650:
3623:
3605:
3587:
3539:
3506:
3488:
3479:
3457:
3448:
3361:
3308:
3270:
3247:
3164:
3101:
3063:
3035:
3017:
2934:
2916:
2901:
2879:
2870:
2818:
2775:
2747:
2724:
2715:
2704:
2672:
2644:
2626:
2615:
1151:Stellate hairs on the underside of a dried leaf of
1055:
668:: 26 genera, 650 species, pan-tropical, especially
431:
422:
1242:. The pistils are composed of two to many connate
843:: 78 genera, 1,670 species, temperate to tropical
2139:. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books.
597:group. Another major circumscription, Malvaceae
2440:"Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from
861:: 12 genera, 120 species, tropical, especially
1300:Self-pollination is often avoided by means of
593:comprise a very homogeneous and cladistically
2547:
2036:
2034:
2004:
2002:
1985:Manchester, Steven; Miller, Regis B. (1978).
1308:(pollinated by insects). Bees from the tribe
912:using genomic data for all nine subfamilies.
8:
2417:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1564:Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016).
2317:Maas, P. J. M. and L. Y. Th. Westra. 2005.
1049:
958:Synapomorphies identified within Malvaceae
5793:
5513:
5189:
5178:
5003:
4992:
4714:
4288:
3794:
3783:
3761:
3750:
3658:
3647:
3485:
3454:
2913:
2876:
2721:
2712:
2623:
2554:
2540:
2532:
2236:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
1890:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
1745:Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach
114:
31:
2461:
2386:
2261:
2194:
1847:
1837:
1787:
1583:
1515:
1505:
1334:) are known to specialize on the plants.
923:approximately corresponds to that group.
2215:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1951:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1493:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1543:United States Department of Agriculture
1537:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1454:
1358:, and others that are garden escapees.
1006:(also the source for the English word "
728:: 12 genera, 430 species, pan-tropical
2510:HEAR.org — Malvaceae: plants of Hawaii
2410:
2114:"Molokheya: an Egyptian National Dish"
2084:
2082:
1254:made of many tightly packed glandular
2137:Flowering Plant Families of the World
1770:"Bombacaceae: A phytochemical review"
1597:
1595:
746:: three genera, 50 species, northern
7:
6180:1ac2afd7-fdd3-4901-86a6-b98423149382
6131:9DE6151A-DCF7-5757-8D17-F575B7441190
6092:fcad6282-e269-4780-ad0f-bfb5c5060ae5
1444:genus in the subfamily Sterculioidea
1258:, usually positioned on the sepals.
915:Regarding the traditional Malvaceae
1486:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
1404:are edible, as is the fruit of the
1222:. They generally have five valvate
1081:
1065:
831:
716:
656:
649:
642:
6144:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000208-2
2520:GREIF Flora: Malvaceae of Mongolia
2263:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1935.tb06834.x
1964:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00505.x
25:
2495:Malvaceae.info: Malvaceae Gallery
1995:: 23–28 – via ResearchGate.
1408:. A number of species, including
1342:A number of species are pests in
5777:
5776:
2025:10.1127/1869-6155/2014/0131-0075
1507:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
418:
137:
2505:Tree of Life.org: Core Malvales
2044:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1747:(3rd ed.). W. H. Freeman.
1603:"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website"
1:
2093:. Online Etymology Dictionary
2012:Plant Diversity and Evolution
1825:G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
1789:10.3109/13880209.2012.698286
1041:
1029:
629:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1086:
1070:
1056:
689:: 25 genera, 770 species, "
6260:
2449:American Journal of Botany
2374:American Journal of Botany
2319:Neotropical Plant Families
2182:American Journal of Botany
1892:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
1875:Plants of the World Online
1730:Plants of the World Online
1710:Plants of the World Online
1690:Plants of the World Online
1670:Plants of the World Online
1650:Plants of the World Online
1630:Plants of the World Online
1585:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
1277:The fruits are most often
1226:, most frequently basally
1035:
1023:
930:
27:Family of flowering plants
5772:
3782:
2575:
2349:10.1080/00173130410000730
1878:. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
1839:10.1093/g3journal/jkab136
1733:. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1713:. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1693:. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1673:. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1653:. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1633:. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1050:
854:
836:
829:
807:
789:
764:
739:
721:
714:
682:
661:
654:
647:
558:Taxonomy and nomenclature
303:
296:
239:
234:
134:Scientific classification
132:
122:
113:
34:
2163:Harvard Papers in Botany
2116:. The Baheyeldin Dynasty
1117:Pterospermum acerifolium
941:are currently accepted.
933:List of Malvaceae genera
243:List of Malvaceae genera
6187:Watson & Dallwitz:
2500:Topwalks.net: Malvaceae
2228:10.1006/bojl.1998.0226
2196:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1863
1775:Pharmaceutical Biology
1417:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
1398:Abelmoschus esculentus
1274:
1230:, with five imbricate
1199:
1155:
1120:
1108:
584:
570:
6113:Paleobiology Database
2242:Edlin, H. L. (1935).
1888:Kubitzki, K. (2003).
1269:
1188:
1150:
1114:
1101:
576:
565:
368:Bercht. & J.Presl
2388:10.3732/ajb.92.4.584
1906:The Botanical Review
1349:Abutilon theophrasti
1018:of the word include
2341:2004Grana..43..129P
2287:1997Britt..49..384J
2057:1999PSyEv.214..187B
1919:1992BotRv..58..225T
1768:Refaat, J. (2012).
1532:"Family: Malvaceae"
1426:are garden plants.
1374:Hibiscus cannabinus
1355:Modiola caroliniana
1304:. Most species are
1190:Close-up photograph
548:(197 species), and
372:Philippodendraceae
5622:Pentaphragmataceae
4840:Stegnospermataceae
4732:Berberidopsidaceae
4356:Pentadiplandraceae
2843:Atherospermataceae
2525:2015-04-13 at the
2430:2010-06-26 at the
2065:10.1007/bf00985738
1927:10.1007/bf02858611
1275:
1200:
1156:
1121:
1109:
585:
582:(Malva sylvestris)
571:
6244:Malvales families
6226:
6225:
6100:Open Tree of Life
5799:Taxon identifiers
5790:
5789:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5579:Cardiopteridaceae
5501:
5500:
5378:Plocospermataceae
5177:
5176:
4991:
4990:
4930:Anacampserotaceae
4790:Ancistrocladaceae
4719:Berberidopsidales
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4642:Biebersteiniaceae
4523:Sphaerosepalaceae
4409:Strasburgeriaceae
4326:Setchellanthaceae
4276:
4275:
3749:
3748:
3691:Cercidiphyllaceae
3646:
3645:
3475:
3474:
3444:
3443:
2897:
2896:
2866:
2865:
2700:
2699:
2682:Austrobaileyaceae
2456:(10): 1474–1486.
2423:(abstract online
2189:(11): 1863–1871.
1411:Hibiscus syriacus
1362:(four species of
1125:herbaceous plants
1123:Most species are
981:Theobroma bicolor
904:
903:
895:
894:
886:
885:
877:
876:
748:temperate regions
702:
701:
476:, is a family of
411:
410:
230:
16:(Redirected from
6251:
6219:
6218:
6206:
6205:
6193:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6170:
6169:
6160:
6159:
6147:
6146:
6134:
6133:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
6095:
6094:
6085:
6084:
6072:
6071:
6069:NBNSYS0000160378
6059:
6058:
6046:
6045:
6033:
6032:
6020:
6019:
6007:
6006:
5994:
5993:
5981:
5980:
5971:
5970:
5958:
5957:
5945:
5944:
5932:
5931:
5919:
5918:
5906:
5905:
5893:
5892:
5880:
5879:
5867:
5866:
5854:
5853:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5794:
5780:
5779:
5514:
5463:Thomandersiaceae
5453:Lentibulariaceae
5413:Scrophulariaceae
5393:Tetrachondraceae
5190:
5179:
5169:Mitrastemonaceae
5099:Pentaphylacaceae
5074:Tetrameristaceae
5021:Hydrostachyaceae
5004:
4993:
4795:Rhabdodendraceae
4785:Dioncophyllaceae
4715:
4548:Dipterocarpaceae
4485:Dipentodontaceae
4429:Crossosomataceae
4404:Geissolomataceae
4289:
4150:Chrysobalanaceae
4055:Ctenolophonaceae
4022:Lepidobotryaceae
3812:Anisophylleaceae
3795:
3784:
3762:
3751:
3726:Tetracarpaeaceae
3721:Aphanopetalaceae
3696:Daphniphyllaceae
3659:
3648:
3597:Trochodendraceae
3559:Circaeasteraceae
3486:
3467:Ceratophyllaceae
3455:
3131:Alstroemeriaceae
2994:Potamogetonaceae
2969:Scheuchzeriaceae
2964:Hydrocharitaceae
2914:
2877:
2757:Aristolochiaceae
2722:
2713:
2674:Austrobaileyales
2624:
2620:
2618:Basalangiosperms
2602:Acrogymnospermae
2564:flowering plants
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2483:
2465:
2444:F sequence data"
2422:
2416:
2408:
2390:
2370:
2360:
2314:
2267:
2265:
2231:
2208:
2198:
2171:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2089:Douglas Harper.
2086:
2077:
2076:
2051:(1–4): 187–198.
2038:
2029:
2028:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1791:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1740:
1734:
1720:
1714:
1700:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1660:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1459:
1143:Leaves and stems
1089:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1025:
919:, the subfamily
832:
717:
657:
650:
643:
631:. The Malvaceae
478:flowering plants
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
405:
399:
396:Theobromataceae
393:
387:
381:
375:
369:
363:
357:
354:Lasiopetalaceae
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
226:
142:
141:
126:Malva parviflora
118:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6214:
6209:
6201:
6196:
6188:
6186:
6178:
6173:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6150:
6142:
6137:
6129:
6124:
6116:
6111:
6103:
6098:
6090:
6088:
6080:
6075:
6067:
6062:
6054:
6049:
6041:
6036:
6028:
6023:
6015:
6010:
6002:
5997:
5989:
5984:
5976:
5974:
5966:
5961:
5953:
5948:
5940:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5914:
5909:
5901:
5896:
5888:
5883:
5875:
5870:
5862:
5857:
5849:
5844:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5801:
5791:
5786:
5748:
5744:Paracryphiaceae
5730:
5712:
5689:
5666:
5598:
5560:
5531:Torricelliaceae
5510:
5497:
5398:Calceolariaceae
5383:Carlemanniaceae
5364:
5326:
5308:
5290:
5252:
5229:
5211:
5186:
5173:
5050:
5000:
4987:
4963:Balanophoraceae
4939:
4850:Lophiocarpaceae
4830:Achatocarpaceae
4825:Caryophyllaceae
4815:Macarthuriaceae
4780:Drosophyllaceae
4736:
4711:
4686:
4628:
4610:
4596:Crypteroniaceae
4591:Melastomataceae
4552:
4489:
4456:
4433:
4391:Crossosomatales
4385:
4361:Gyrostemonaceae
4331:Koeberliniaceae
4285:
4272:
4224:
4215:Picrodendraceae
4180:Lacistemataceae
4140:Dichapetalaceae
4115:Centroplacaceae
4105:Lophopyxidaceae
4065:Erythroxylaceae
4031:
4008:
3985:
3927:
3879:
3846:
3817:Corynocarpaceae
3791:
3778:
3758:
3745:
3706:Grossulariaceae
3655:
3642:
3619:
3601:
3589:Trochodendrales
3583:
3564:Lardizabalaceae
3535:
3502:
3471:
3459:Ceratophyllales
3450:Ceratophyllidae
3440:
3431:Ecdeiocoleaceae
3421:Flagellariaceae
3357:
3304:
3266:
3243:
3214:Tecophilaeaceae
3184:Blandfordiaceae
3160:
3126:Petermanniaceae
3111:Campynemataceae
3097:
3059:
3031:
3013:
2974:Aponogetonaceae
2930:
2905:
2893:
2862:
2814:
2800:Himantandraceae
2771:
2743:
2709:
2707:Mesangiospermae
2696:
2668:
2640:
2616:
2611:
2592:Marchantiophyta
2571:
2560:
2527:Wayback Machine
2491:
2486:
2463:10.2307/2656928
2437:
2432:Wayback Machine
2409:
2368:
2363:
2324:
2295:10.2307/2807839
2270:
2249:New Phytologist
2241:
2211:
2174:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1871:Malvaceae Juss.
1869:
1865:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1721:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1681:
1677:
1661:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1432:
1382:Theobroma cacao
1340:
1298:
1264:
1195:Theobroma cacao
1183:
1145:
1131:, but some are
1096:
998:
947:
935:
929:
905:
896:
887:
878:
793:Brownlowioideae
752:Central America
703:
625:
560:
554:(181 species).
542:(216 species),
536:(275 species),
530:(291 species),
524:(434 species),
454:
421:
417:
403:
397:
391:
385:
384:Sparmanniaceae
379:
378:Plagianthaceae
373:
367:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
312:Brownlowiaceae
307:
254:Brownlowioideae
225:
136:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6257:
6255:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6231:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6207:
6203:wfo-7000000360
6194:
6184:
6171:
6161:
6148:
6135:
6122:
6109:
6096:
6086:
6073:
6060:
6047:
6034:
6021:
6008:
5995:
5982:
5972:
5959:
5946:
5933:
5920:
5907:
5894:
5881:
5868:
5855:
5842:
5827:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5736:Paracryphiales
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5726:Escalloniaceae
5722:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5708:Caprifoliaceae
5705:
5699:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5680:Columelliaceae
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5642:Argophyllaceae
5639:
5634:
5632:Alseuosmiaceae
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5584:Phyllonomaceae
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5551:Myodocarpaceae
5548:
5543:
5541:Pittosporaceae
5538:
5536:Griseliniaceae
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5458:Schlegeliaceae
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5408:Plantaginaceae
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5355:Sphenocleaceae
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Convolvulaceae
5336:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5225:Metteniusaceae
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5187:
5182:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:Sarraceniaceae
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Fouquieriaceae
5076:
5071:
5069:Marcgraviaceae
5066:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5001:
4996:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Misodendraceae
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4875:Phytolaccaceae
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Asteropeiaceae
4807:
4802:
4800:Simmondsiaceae
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4760:Plumbaginaceae
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4742:Caryophyllales
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4543:Sarcolaenaceae
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4470:Gerrardinaceae
4466:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4258:Elaeocarpaceae
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4220:Phyllanthaceae
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Passifloraceae
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4110:Putranjivaceae
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4085:Calophyllaceae
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4060:Rhizophoraceae
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4004:Zygophyllaceae
4001:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3918:Ticodendraceae
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3759:
3754:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Hamamelidaceae
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3656:
3651:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3633:Myrothamnaceae
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:Menispermaceae
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Joinvilleaceae
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Strelitziaceae
3314:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3295:Pontederiaceae
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3257:Dasypogonaceae
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3234:Amaryllidaceae
3231:
3226:
3224:Xeronemataceae
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3027:Petrosaviaceae
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2889:Chloranthaceae
2885:
2883:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Calycanthaceae
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2692:Schisandraceae
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:Polypodiophyta
2594:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2489:External links
2487:
2485:
2484:
2435:
2381:(4): 584–602.
2361:
2322:
2321:(3rd edition).
2315:
2281:(3): 384–405.
2268:
2256:(2): 122–143.
2239:
2232:
2222:(4): 267–303.
2209:
2172:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2127:
2104:
2078:
2030:
1998:
1977:
1958:(4): 267–303.
1940:
1913:(3): 225–348.
1895:
1880:
1863:
1811:
1782:(1): 100–130.
1760:
1754:978-0878934072
1753:
1735:
1715:
1695:
1675:
1655:
1635:
1615:
1591:
1578:(3): 201–217.
1556:
1523:
1500:(2): 105–121.
1478:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1431:
1428:
1339:
1336:
1297:
1294:
1263:
1260:
1204:inflorescences
1182:
1179:
1161:are generally
1144:
1141:
1095:
1092:
997:
994:
946:
945:Synapomorphies
943:
931:Main article:
928:
925:
902:
901:
898:
897:
893:
892:
889:
888:
884:
883:
880:
879:
875:
874:
871:
870:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
835:
830:
828:
824:
823:
820:
819:
816:Southeast Asia
811:Helicteroideae
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
725:Sterculioideae
720:
715:
713:
709:
708:
705:
704:
700:
699:
696:
695:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
665:Byttnerioideae
660:
655:
653:
648:
646:
641:
624:
621:
559:
556:
512:(mallow), and
409:
408:
407:
406:
400:
394:
390:Sterculiaceae
388:
382:
376:
370:
366:Pentapetaceae
364:
358:
352:
346:
342:Hermanniaceae
340:
336:Helicteraceae
334:
328:
322:
318:Byttneriaceae
316:
310:
301:
300:
294:
293:
292:
291:
286:
284:Sterculioideae
281:
276:
274:Helicteroideae
271:
266:
261:
259:Byttnerioideae
256:
251:
237:
236:
232:
231:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
123:Least mallow,
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6256:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6217:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6083:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5795:
5783:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5718:Escalloniales
5715:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5647:Menyanthaceae
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5617:Campanulaceae
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5595:
5594:Aquifoliaceae
5592:
5590:
5589:Helwingiaceae
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:Stemonuraceae
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5526:Pennantiaceae
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5504:
5494:
5493:Orobanchaceae
5491:
5489:
5488:Paulowniaceae
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5423:Linderniaceae
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5217:Metteniusales
5214:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Oncothecaceae
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:Actinidiaceae
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:Diapensiaceae
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:Lecythidaceae
5087:
5085:
5084:Polemoniaceae
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5064:Balsaminaceae
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:Hydrangeaceae
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4994:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:Schoepfiaceae
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:Portulacaceae
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4915:Halophytaceae
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4895:Molluginaceae
4893:
4891:
4890:Nyctaginaceae
4888:
4886:
4885:Sarcobataceae
4883:
4881:
4880:Petiveriaceae
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Amaranthaceae
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:Frankeniaceae
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4727:Aextoxicaceae
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4709:Superasterids
4705:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Simaroubaceae
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Anacardiaceae
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4624:Picramniaceae
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:Thymelaeaceae
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Muntingiaceae
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Stachyuraceae
4422:
4420:
4419:Guamatelaceae
4417:
4415:
4414:Staphyleaceae
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:Emblingiaceae
4344:
4342:
4341:Salvadoraceae
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Limnanthaceae
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:Tropaeolaceae
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4268:Brunelliaceae
4266:
4264:
4263:Cephalotaceae
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Ixonanthaceae
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Euphorbiaceae
4198:
4196:
4195:Rafflesiaceae
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Euphroniaceae
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:Malpighiaceae
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:Caryocaraceae
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Podostemaceae
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3991:Zygophyllales
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Casuarinaceae
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:Nothofagaceae
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:Tetramelaceae
3830:
3828:
3827:Cucurbitaceae
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Apodanthaceae
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3742:
3741:Cynomoriaceae
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Saxifragaceae
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Peridiscaceae
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3579:Ranunculaceae
3577:
3575:
3574:Berberidaceae
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Nelumbonaceae
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3391:Eriocaulaceae
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3353:Zingiberaceae
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Heliconiaceae
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3300:Haemodoraceae
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Commelinaceae
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Asphodelaceae
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Ixioliriaceae
3207:
3205:
3204:Doryanthaceae
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Melanthiaceae
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Cyclanthaceae
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3055:Dioscoreaceae
3053:
3051:
3050:Burmanniaceae
3048:
3046:
3045:Nartheciaceae
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3019:Petrosaviales
3016:
3010:
3009:Cymodoceaceae
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Posidoniaceae
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Juncaginaceae
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Tofieldiaceae
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2881:Chloranthales
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Chloranthidae
2869:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Hernandiaceae
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Gomortegaceae
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Eupomatiaceae
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Degeneriaceae
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:Myristicaceae
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Hydatellaceae
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2636:Amborellaceae
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:image gallery
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2146:9781554072064
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2120:September 10,
2115:
2108:
2105:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2019:(2): 63–143.
2018:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:IAWA Bulletin
1988:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1468:
1467:www.mobot.org
1464:
1458:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1440:, an extinct
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:entomophilous
1303:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:actinomorphic
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1079:
1076:) and modern
1074:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1031:
1021:
1020:Ancient Greek
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
995:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
964:inflorescence
961:
957:
952:
944:
942:
940:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
913:
911:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
881:
873:
872:
869:
868:
864:
860:
859:
852:
851:
848:
847:
844:
842:
841:
834:
833:
826:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
813:
812:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
795:
794:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
774:
770:
769:
762:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
749:
745:
744:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
727:
726:
719:
718:
711:
710:
707:
706:
698:
697:
694:
692:
688:
687:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
670:South America
667:
666:
659:
658:
652:
651:
645:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
622:
620:
618:
614:
613:Sterculiaceae
610:
606:
602:
601:
596:
592:
591:
590:sensu stricto
583:
580:
575:
569:
564:
557:
555:
553:
552:
547:
546:
541:
540:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
516:
511:
510:
506:(hollyhock),
505:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
469:
415:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
360:Melochiaceae
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
304:
302:
299:
295:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
245:
244:
238:
233:
229:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:Tracheophytes
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
127:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
43:
33:
30:
19:
18:Byttneriaceae
5806:
5657:Calyceraceae
5652:Goodeniaceae
5637:Phellinaceae
5627:Stylidiaceae
5566:Aquifoliales
5448:Bignoniaceae
5433:Martyniaceae
5403:Gesneriaceae
5360:Hydroleaceae
5350:Montiniaceae
5304:Boraginaceae
5281:Gelsemiaceae
5271:Gentianaceae
5243:Eucommiaceae
5144:Roridulaceae
5124:Symplocaceae
5094:Sladeniaceae
5036:Curtisiaceae
4983:Loranthaceae
4905:Didiereaceae
4860:Barbeuiaceae
4820:Microteaceae
4775:Nepenthaceae
4765:Polygonaceae
4755:Tamaricaceae
4647:Nitrariaceae
4616:Picramniales
4581:Vochysiaceae
4566:Combretaceae
4517:
4480:Tapisciaceae
4475:Petenaeaceae
4381:Brassicaceae
4135:Trigoniaceae
4130:Balanopaceae
4095:Hypericaceae
4075:Bonnetiaceae
4050:Irvingiaceae
4037:Malpighiales
4027:Celastraceae
3999:Krameriaceae
3956:Elaeagnaceae
3951:Dirachmaceae
3908:Juglandaceae
3875:Polygalaceae
3860:Quillajaceae
3822:Coriariaceae
3799:Cucurbitales
3736:Haloragaceae
3731:Penthoraceae
3716:Crassulaceae
3681:Altingiaceae
3663:Saxifragales
3615:Dilleniaceae
3554:Papaveraceae
3549:Eupteleaceae
3541:Ranunculales
3449:
3416:Restionaceae
3376:Bromeliaceae
3310:Zingiberales
3290:Philydraceae
3280:Hanguanaceae
3272:Commelinales
3239:Asparagaceae
3199:Hypoxidaceae
3146:Ripogonaceae
3141:Philesiaceae
3136:Colchicaceae
3078:Velloziaceae
3073:Triuridaceae
3037:Dioscoreales
2954:Alismataceae
2902:
2871:
2833:Siparunaceae
2790:Magnoliaceae
2687:Trimeniaceae
2664:Nymphaeaceae
2628:Amborellales
2607:Angiospermae
2562:Families of
2513:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2413:cite journal
2378:
2372:
2332:
2326:
2318:
2278:
2272:
2253:
2247:
2235:
2219:
2213:
2186:
2180:
2167:
2161:
2136:
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2048:
2042:
2016:
2010:
1990:
1980:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1866:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1779:
1773:
1763:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1575:
1569:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1535:
1526:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1437:Florissantia
1435:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1347:
1346:, including
1341:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1299:
1276:
1208:cauliflorous
1201:
1193:
1157:
1152:
1122:
1115:
1102:
1047:Modern Greek
1011:
1001:
999:
980:
976:
972:
968:
959:
955:
948:
936:
916:
914:
909:
906:
858:Bombacoideae
856:
855:
838:
837:
809:
808:
791:
790:
768:Dombeyoideae
766:
765:
741:
740:
723:
722:
684:
683:
663:
662:
632:
626:
616:
598:
595:monophyletic
588:
586:
581:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
473:
413:
412:
348:Hibiscaceae
330:Durionaceae
324:Dombeyaceae
306:Bombacaceae
264:Dombeyoideae
249:Bombacoideae
240:
235:Subfamilies
222:
196:
183:
170:
157:
124:
29:
6012:iNaturalist
5831:Wikispecies
5612:Rousseaceae
5508:Campanulids
5468:Verbenaceae
5443:Acanthaceae
5438:Pedaliaceae
5428:Byblidaceae
5296:Boraginales
5286:Apocynaceae
5276:Loganiaceae
5258:Gentianales
5207:Icacinaceae
5159:Cyrillaceae
5154:Clethraceae
5134:Styracaceae
5114:Primulaceae
5041:Grubbiaceae
4968:Santalaceae
4910:Basellaceae
4865:Gisekiaceae
4805:Physenaceae
4770:Droseraceae
4667:Sapindaceae
4657:Burseraceae
4601:Alzateaceae
4513:Neuradaceae
4452:Francoaceae
4447:Geraniaceae
4399:Aphloiaceae
4371:Capparaceae
4351:Tovariaceae
4311:Moringaceae
4293:Brassicales
4253:Cunoniaceae
4248:Oxalidaceae
4243:Connaraceae
4160:Achariaceae
4155:Humiriaceae
4120:Elatinaceae
4014:Celastrales
3971:Cannabaceae
3946:Barbeyaceae
3870:Surianaceae
3842:Begoniaceae
3837:Datiscaceae
3676:Paeoniaceae
3653:Superrosids
3638:Gunneraceae
3607:Dilleniales
3526:Platanaceae
3401:Thurniaceae
3381:Rapateaceae
3343:Marantaceae
3194:Lanariaceae
3189:Asteliaceae
3174:Orchidaceae
3166:Asparagales
3151:Smilacaceae
3093:Pandanaceae
3083:Stemonaceae
2989:Zosteraceae
2984:Maundiaceae
2936:Alismatales
2853:Monimiaceae
2777:Magnoliales
2762:Saururaceae
2739:Winteraceae
2734:Canellaceae
2717:Magnoliidae
2659:Cabombaceae
2646:Nymphaeales
2579:Supergroup
2397:10261/24879
2097:February 3,
1832:(jkab136).
1517:10654/18083
1423:Alcea rosea
1344:agriculture
1316:(including
1296:Pollination
1286:schizocarps
1279:loculicidal
1153:Malva alcea
1104:Alcea rosea
1094:Description
691:pantropical
686:Grewioideae
623:Subfamilies
605:Bombacaceae
568:rose mallow
269:Grewioideae
177:Angiosperms
6233:Categories
6030:30000208-2
5695:Dipsacales
5685:Bruniaceae
5662:Asteraceae
5546:Araliaceae
5483:Phrymaceae
5418:Stilbaceae
5345:Solanaceae
5322:Vahliaceae
5248:Garryaceae
5194:Icacinales
5104:Sapotaceae
4958:Opiliaceae
4945:Santalales
4920:Talinaceae
4900:Montiaceae
4652:Kirkiaceae
4634:Sapindales
4606:Penaeaceae
4576:Onagraceae
4571:Lythraceae
4503:Cytinaceae
4462:Huerteales
4439:Geraniales
4376:Cleomaceae
4366:Resedaceae
4316:Caricaceae
4301:Akaniaceae
4230:Oxalidales
4185:Salicaceae
4170:Goupiaceae
4080:Clusiaceae
3981:Urticaceae
3961:Rhamnaceae
3923:Betulaceae
3903:Myricaceae
3625:Gunnerales
3531:Proteaceae
3411:Cyperaceae
3396:Mayacaceae
3386:Xyridaceae
3116:Corsiaceae
3065:Pandanales
3004:Ruppiaceae
2959:Butomaceae
2810:Annonaceae
2767:Piperaceae
2726:Canellales
2335:(3): 129.
2170:: 315–330.
1472:2023-07-20
1463:"Malvales"
1449:References
1338:Importance
1319:Ptilothrix
1072:mulukhiyah
1060:), modern
921:Malvoideae
840:Malvoideae
777:Mascarenes
773:Madagascar
743:Tilioideae
600:sensu lato
472:), or the
402:Tiliaceae
289:Tilioideae
279:Malvoideae
6239:Malvaceae
5978:malvaceae
5955:Malvaceae
5924:FloraBase
5864:Malvaceae
5837:Malvaceae
5807:Malvaceae
5703:Adoxaceae
5672:Bruniales
5604:Asterales
5473:Lamiaceae
5332:Solanales
5314:Vahliales
5266:Rubiaceae
5235:Garryales
5164:Ericaceae
5109:Ebenaceae
5046:Cornaceae
5031:Loasaceae
5016:Nyssaceae
4953:Olacaceae
4935:Cactaceae
4870:Aizoaceae
4845:Limeaceae
4682:Meliaceae
4586:Myrtaceae
4538:Cistaceae
4518:Malvaceae
4165:Violaceae
4070:Ochnaceae
4045:Pandaceae
3516:Sabiaceae
3508:Proteales
3406:Juncaceae
3371:Typhaceae
3348:Costaceae
3338:Cannaceae
3323:Lowiaceae
3262:Arecaceae
3219:Iridaceae
3179:Boryaceae
3156:Liliaceae
2926:Acoraceae
2858:Lauraceae
2749:Piperales
2587:Bryophyta
2274:Brittonia
1972:196597042
1724:Sterculia
1571:Phytotaxa
1390:Cola spp.
1365:Gossypium
1310:Emphorini
1302:protandry
1252:nectaries
1163:alternate
637:cladogram
609:Tiliaceae
551:Sterculia
414:Malvaceae
223:Malvaceae
147:Kingdom:
42:Campanian
35:Malvaceae
6190:malvacea
6175:VicFlora
6164:VASCAN:
6157:42000104
6152:Tropicos
5816:Wikidata
5782:Category
5556:Apiaceae
5478:Mazaceae
5388:Oleaceae
5370:Lamiales
5119:Theaceae
5056:Ericales
5008:Cornales
4998:Asterids
4855:Kewaceae
4672:Rutaceae
4558:Myrtales
4533:Bixaceae
4495:Malvales
4336:Bataceae
4205:Linaceae
4190:Peraceae
3976:Moraceae
3966:Ulmaceae
3941:Rosaceae
3898:Fagaceae
3865:Fabaceae
3774:Vitaceae
3701:Iteaceae
3498:Buxaceae
3481:Eudicots
3333:Musaceae
3249:Arecales
3103:Liliales
2918:Acorales
2908:Monocots
2820:Laurales
2523:Archived
2480:10523287
2428:Archived
2405:21652437
2357:84980357
2205:21652333
2112:Khalid.
2091:"mallow"
2073:20889917
1935:40348158
1858:33892500
1806:41041851
1798:22974340
1624:Hibiscus
1442:Cenozoic
1430:See also
1386:kola nut
1331:Melitoma
1325:Diadasia
1282:capsules
1220:epicalyx
1198:flowers.
1175:stellate
1087:molokhia
1016:Cognates
989:peduncle
951:mucilage
521:Hibiscus
398:J.Agardh
386:J.Agardh
380:J.Agardh
362:J.Agardh
350:J.Agardh
338:J.Agardh
298:Synonyms
219:Family:
213:Malvales
190:Eudicots
44:- recent
5822:Q156551
5518:Apiales
5184:Lamiids
4283:Malvids
4238:Huaceae
3933:Rosales
3885:Fagales
3852:Fabales
3766:Vitales
3490:Buxales
3436:Poaceae
2944:Araceae
2903:Lilidae
2472:2656928
2337:Bibcode
2311:2887745
2303:2807839
2283:Bibcode
2053:Bibcode
1915:Bibcode
1849:8496235
1704:Dombeya
1644:Pavonia
1608:15 July
1539:(GRIN)
1402:baobabs
1392:), and
1312:of the
1244:carpels
1240:pistils
1236:stamens
1228:connate
1181:Flowers
1167:dentate
1057:molókha
1042:molókhē
1030:malákhē
987:on the
867:America
577:Common
545:Dombeya
527:Pavonia
494:roselle
474:mallows
374:A.Juss.
344:Marquis
209:Order:
151:Plantae
6216:413963
6105:279960
6089:NZOR:
6043:114704
5975:FoIO:
5877:121481
3789:Fabids
3756:Rosids
3363:Poales
2568:APG IV
2478:
2470:
2403:
2355:
2309:
2301:
2203:
2143:
2071:
1970:
1933:
1856:
1846:
1804:
1796:
1751:
1684:Ayenia
1549:7 June
1406:durian
1360:Cotton
1328:, and
1314:Apidae
1273:fruits
1271:Durian
1262:Fruits
1246:. The
1234:. The
1232:petals
1224:sepals
1212:bracts
1159:Leaves
1137:lianas
1129:shrubs
1082:מלוחיה
1078:Hebrew
1066:ملوخية
1062:Arabic
1051:μολόχα
1036:μολόχη
1024:μαλάχη
985:Bracts
939:genera
927:Genera
863:Africa
611:, and
579:mallow
566:Swamp
539:Ayenia
498:durian
486:cotton
203:Rosids
6211:WoRMS
6126:Plazi
6118:53879
6056:21608
6038:IRMNG
6017:48797
5968:10534
5950:FoAO2
5942:10534
5929:22862
5916:1MAVF
5851:54428
2581:Plant
2468:JSTOR
2369:(PDF)
2353:S2CID
2328:Grana
2307:S2CID
2299:JSTOR
2069:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1931:S2CID
1802:S2CID
1378:cacao
1370:kenaf
1256:hairs
1248:ovary
1171:stems
1133:trees
1033:) or
1012:Malva
1008:mauve
1003:malva
996:Names
956:s.l..
515:Tilia
509:Malva
503:Alcea
490:cacao
404:Juss.
392:Vent.
356:Rchb.
332:Cheek
326:Kunth
320:R.Br.
314:Cheek
308:Kunth
228:Juss.
197:Clade
184:Clade
171:Clade
158:Clade
6139:POWO
6082:3629
6077:NCBI
6051:ITIS
6025:IPNI
5999:GRIN
5991:6685
5986:GBIF
5911:EPPO
5903:4321
5872:BOLD
5859:ATRF
5846:APNI
2476:PMID
2425:here
2419:link
2401:PMID
2201:PMID
2141:ISBN
2122:2011
2099:2012
1854:PMID
1794:PMID
1749:ISBN
1706:Cav.
1664:Sida
1646:Cav.
1610:2014
1551:2017
1420:and
1394:okra
1352:and
1290:nuts
1010:").
977:s.l.
969:s.l.
960:s.l.
937:245
917:s.s.
910:s.l.
865:and
775:and
750:and
633:s.l.
617:s.s.
533:Sida
496:and
482:okra
241:See
49:PreꞒ
6198:WFO
6167:163
6064:NBN
6004:688
5963:FoC
5937:FNA
5898:EoL
5890:CDB
5885:CoL
2458:doi
2442:ndh
2393:hdl
2383:doi
2345:doi
2291:doi
2258:doi
2224:doi
2220:129
2191:doi
2061:doi
2049:214
2021:doi
2017:131
1960:doi
1956:129
1923:doi
1844:PMC
1834:doi
1784:doi
1580:doi
1576:261
1512:hdl
1502:doi
1498:161
1384:),
1376:),
1368:),
1288:or
1192:of
1135:or
1127:or
1090:).
1045:),
973:s.l
6235::
6213::
6200::
6177::
6154::
6141::
6128::
6115::
6102::
6079::
6066::
6053::
6040::
6027::
6014::
6001::
5988::
5965::
5952::
5939::
5926::
5913::
5900::
5887::
5874::
5861::
5848::
5833::
5818::
2512:—
2474:.
2466:.
2454:86
2452:.
2446:.
2434:).
2415:}}
2411:{{
2399:.
2391:.
2379:92
2377:.
2371:.
2351:.
2343:.
2333:43
2331:.
2305:.
2297:.
2289:.
2279:49
2277:.
2254:34
2252:.
2246:.
2218:.
2199:.
2187:91
2185:.
2179:.
2166:.
2081:^
2067:.
2059:.
2047:.
2033:^
2015:.
2001:^
1989:.
1966:.
1954:.
1929:.
1921:.
1911:58
1909:.
1852:.
1842:.
1830:11
1828:.
1800:.
1792:.
1780:51
1778:.
1772:.
1726:L.
1686:L.
1666:L.
1626:L.
1594:^
1574:.
1568:.
1541:.
1534:.
1510:.
1496:.
1490:.
1465:.
1414:,
1322:,
1292:.
1284:,
1139:.
1080::
1064::
827:♦
712:♦
693:"
607:,
492:,
488:,
484:,
465:iː
459:iː
453:,-
450:aɪ
438:eɪ
199::
186::
173::
160::
99:Pg
2910:)
2906:(
2583::
2570:)
2566:(
2555:e
2548:t
2541:v
2516:.
2482:.
2460::
2421:)
2407:.
2395::
2385::
2359:.
2347::
2339::
2313:.
2293::
2285::
2266:.
2260::
2230:.
2226::
2207:.
2193::
2168:3
2149:.
2124:.
2101:.
2075:.
2063::
2055::
2027:.
2023::
1974:.
1962::
1937:.
1925::
1917::
1860:.
1836::
1808:.
1786::
1757:.
1612:.
1588:.
1582::
1553:.
1520:.
1514::
1504::
1475:.
1396:(
1388:(
1380:(
1372:(
1084:(
1068:(
1054:(
1039:(
1027:(
468:/
462:ˌ
456:s
447:ˌ
444:i
441:s
435:v
432:ˈ
429:l
426:æ
423:m
420:/
416:(
104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
