146:
Northrop attributed the failures to it not being properly packed for shipping when
Northrop picked it up; EMCC said that the problems were due to errors in re-assembly of the machine after shipping. Northrop, citing security considerations, refused to allow EMCC technicians near the machine after shipping, instead hiring a newly graduated engineering student to re-assemble it. EMCC said that the fact that it worked at all after this was testimony to the engineering quality of the machine.
145:
Northrop accepted delivery of BINAC in
September 1949. Northrop employees said that BINAC never worked properly after it was delivered, although it had worked at the Eckert-Mauchly workshop. It was able to run some small programs but did not work well enough to be used as a production machine.
158:
manual was needed. Automobile "users" were quite accustomed in those days to doing significant servicing of their vehicles, and "user manuals" existed to help them. The BINAC manual writers took inspiration from those manuals when writing the user manual for the BINAC.
96:, with an additional 11-bit space between words to allow for circuit delays in switching. The clock rate was 4.25 MHz (1 MHz according to one source), which yielded a word access time of about 10
104:
using an eight-key keypad or were loaded from magnetic tape. BINAC was significant for being able to perform high-speed arithmetic on binary numbers, with no provisions to store characters or
136:
April 4, 1949 – Ran a fifty-line program to fill memory and check all instructions. It ran for 2.5 hours before encountering an error. Shortly after that it ran for 31.5 hours without error.
58:
in the United States; BINAC is also sometimes claimed to be the world's first commercial digital computer even though it was limited in scope and never fully functional after delivery.
1045:
717:
1305:
483:
1346:
154:
Previous computers were the darlings of university departments of engineering; the users knew the machines well. The BINAC was going to go to an end user, and so a
373:
Computers and
Commerce: A Study of Technology and Management at Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company, Engineering Research Associates, and Remington Rand, 1946-1957
671:
735:
1169:
700:
39:
1038:
917:
100:. The addition time was 800 microseconds, and the multiplication time was 1200 microseconds. Programs or data were entered manually in
1310:
530:
493:
1031:
1116:
1108:
418:
381:
371:
1336:
1281:
1121:
449:
1331:
183:
117:
133:
March 7, 1949 – Ran 217 iterations of a 23-line program to compute squares. It was still running correctly when it stopped.
1300:
1293:
208:
178:
92:. The 512-word acoustic mercury delay-line memories were divided into 16 channels, each holding 32 words of 31
461:
88:. The CPUs continuously compared results to check for errors caused by hardware failures. It used approximately 700
1150:
445:
51:
1351:
441:
120:) in March 1949, although it was not fully functional at the time. Here are early test programs that BINAC ran:
1341:
523:
452:) during 1947–1949. He emphasizes the economic and practical infeasibility of the BINAC computer project for
1241:
1208:
1194:
1138:
74:
55:
54:, but chose to leave and start EMCC, the first computer company. BINAC was their first product, the first
712:
1218:
70:
1288:
666:
465:
453:
35:
695:
1276:
516:
978:
879:
539:
302:
896:
323:
1259:
801:
707:
414:
377:
294:
259:
82:
43:
683:
654:
410:
998:
902:
628:
352:
286:
249:
85:
78:
1004:
992:
837:
825:
616:
610:
487:
484:
UNIVAC 1: The First Mass-Produced
Computer - Unisys History Newsletter, Volume 5, Number 1
168:
986:
473:
173:
1325:
1063:
403:
306:
285:(1). Arlington, VA: American Federation of Information Processing Societies: 9–20.
460:, including personalities, politics, and its technical features. The roles of the
349:
Conference on
Automatic Computing Machinery, Rutgers University, March 28–29, 1950
254:
237:
688:
659:
277:
Stern, Nancy (July 1979). "The BINAC:A case study in the history of technology".
16:
This article is about the early electronic computer. For the town in Kosovo, see
756:
97:
89:
220:
943:
861:
503:
444:, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Auerbach recounts his experiences at
124:
February 7, 1949 – Ran a five-line program to fill the memory from register A.
67:
298:
263:
1202:
1023:
949:
937:
873:
867:
849:
622:
290:
238:"Automatic Computing Machinery: News - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation"
1183:
931:
843:
795:
469:
188:
31:
17:
356:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
831:
789:
678:
553:
105:
1226:
967:
961:
955:
925:
855:
813:
807:
777:
771:
649:
570:
457:
347:
Adams, C. W.; Israel, D. R. (1950-04-06). "Applications of BINAC".
1177:
1158:
593:
587:
101:
47:
819:
783:
1027:
512:
477:
93:
508:
437:
127:
February 10, 1949 – Ran a five-line program to check memory.
324:"The Binac: A Product of the Eckert-Mauchley Computer Corp"
376:. Poisson equations test results. MIT Press. p. 183.
130:
February 16, 1949 – Ran a six-line program to fill memory.
440:
Oral history interview by Nancy B. Stern, 10 April 1978.
498:
499:
Picture of BINAC history sign in
Northeast Philadelphia
1269:
1252:
1236:
1217:
1193:
1168:
1149:
1107:
1014:
977:
916:
889:
764:
755:
748:
728:
638:
603:
580:
563:
546:
402:
405:Beyond the Limits: Flight enters the computer age
438:Oral history interview with Isaac Levin Auerbach
116:The BINAC ran a test program (consisting of 23
1306:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
1039:
524:
8:
1046:
1032:
1024:
1018:
761:
752:
642:
531:
517:
509:
253:
200:
1347:Computer-related introductions in 1949
46:and Mauchly had started the design of
494:Roger Mills' Description of the BINAC
7:
1311:List of pioneers in computer science
318:
316:
232:
230:
40:Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation
279:Annals of the History of Computing
219:(2): 4. 1949-09-01. Archived from
14:
1209:Computers built 1955 through 1978
370:Norberg, Arthur Lawrence (2005).
504:YouTube: Video History of BINAC
450:Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company
490: (archived April 22, 2017)
456:. Auerbach also discusses the
73:computer with two independent
1:
1301:History of computing hardware
255:10.1090/S0025-5718-50-99480-4
179:List of vacuum-tube computers
462:National Bureau of Standards
248:(29): 48–49. January 1950.
213:Digital Computer Newsletter
1368:
1151:University of Pennsylvania
446:Electronic Control Company
242:Mathematics of Computation
150:First computer user manual
52:University of Pennsylvania
15:
1136:
1059:
1054:IBM vacuum tube computers
1021:
645:
442:Charles Babbage Institute
401:Ceruzzi, Paul E. (1989).
36:Northrop Aircraft Company
30:) is an early electronic
28:Binary Automatic Computer
77:, each with its own 512-
1337:One-of-a-kind computers
1242:UNIVAC family computers
1195:Sperry Rand Corporation
736:Soviet computer systems
328:Computer History Museum
291:10.1109/mahc.1979.10005
56:stored-program computer
918:University of Illinois
351:. John W. Mauchly: 7.
34:that was designed for
1332:Vacuum tube computers
1289:Vacuum-tube computer
1277:Transistor computer
713:Electronika SS VLSI
141:Customer acceptance
112:Early test programs
979:Harvard University
83:mercury delay-line
1319:
1318:
1260:Colossus computer
1248:
1247:
1145:
1144:
1130:
1129:
912:
911:
744:
743:
466:Northrop Aircraft
454:Northrop Aircraft
223:on July 10, 2020.
42:(EMCC) in 1949.
1359:
1352:Serial computers
1048:
1041:
1034:
1025:
1019:
999:Harvard Mark III
762:
753:
721:
704:
692:
675:
663:
643:
533:
526:
519:
510:
427:
409:. MIT. pp.
408:
388:
387:
367:
361:
360:
344:
338:
337:
335:
334:
320:
311:
310:
274:
268:
267:
257:
234:
225:
224:
205:
66:The BINAC was a
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1342:1940s computers
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1265:
1244:
1232:
1213:
1189:
1164:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1103:
1055:
1052:
1010:
1005:Harvard Mark IV
993:Harvard Mark II
973:
908:
885:
740:
724:
715:
698:
686:
669:
657:
634:
599:
576:
559:
542:
537:
488:Wayback Machine
434:
421:
400:
397:
395:Further reading
392:
391:
384:
369:
368:
364:
346:
345:
341:
332:
330:
322:
321:
314:
276:
275:
271:
236:
235:
228:
207:
206:
202:
197:
169:Ferranti Mark 1
165:
152:
143:
114:
64:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1253:United Kingdom
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:IBM mainframes
1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
987:Harvard Mark I
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
968:Trusted ILLIAC
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
922:
920:
914:
913:
910:
909:
907:
906:
900:
893:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
768:
766:
759:
750:
746:
745:
742:
741:
739:
738:
732:
730:
726:
725:
723:
722:
710:
705:
693:
681:
676:
664:
652:
646:
640:
636:
635:
633:
632:
626:
620:
614:
607:
605:
601:
600:
598:
597:
591:
584:
582:
578:
577:
575:
574:
567:
565:
561:
560:
558:
557:
550:
548:
544:
543:
538:
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
481:
474:Remington Rand
433:
432:External links
430:
429:
428:
419:
396:
393:
390:
389:
382:
362:
339:
312:
269:
226:
209:"9. The Binac"
199:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
186:
181:
176:
174:LEO (computer)
171:
164:
161:
151:
148:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
113:
110:
63:
60:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1364:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
982:
980:
976:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
921:
919:
915:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
767:
763:
760:
758:
754:
751:
749:United States
747:
737:
734:
733:
731:
727:
719:
714:
711:
709:
706:
702:
697:
694:
690:
685:
682:
680:
677:
673:
668:
665:
661:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
644:
641:
637:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
608:
606:
602:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
583:
579:
572:
569:
568:
566:
562:
555:
552:
551:
549:
545:
541:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
485:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
435:
431:
426:
422:
420:9780262530828
416:
412:
407:
406:
399:
398:
394:
385:
383:9780262140904
379:
375:
374:
366:
363:
358:
354:
350:
343:
340:
329:
325:
319:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
273:
270:
265:
261:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
233:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
201:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
162:
160:
157:
149:
147:
140:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
121:
119:
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
639:Soviet Union
424:
404:
372:
365:
357:1721.3/38941
348:
342:
331:. Retrieved
327:
282:
278:
272:
245:
241:
221:the original
216:
212:
203:
155:
153:
144:
118:instructions
115:
98:microseconds
90:vacuum tubes
65:
62:Architecture
27:
23:
22:
716: [
699: [
687: [
670: [
658: [
448:(later the
1326:Categories
1207:See also:
944:ILLIAC III
862:MUSASINO-1
757:IAS family
540:Mainframes
333:2018-05-17
195:References
184:Short Code
68:bit-serial
1203:UNIVAC II
1064:305 RAMAC
950:ILLIAC IV
938:ILLIAC II
897:FACOM 201
850:MANIAC II
547:Australia
299:1058-6180
264:0025-5718
81:acoustic
1237:See also
1219:Raytheon
1184:UNIVAC I
1122:AN/FSQ-8
1117:AN/FSQ-7
962:ILLIAC 6
932:ILLIAC I
844:MANIAC I
796:JOHNNIAC
729:See also
470:Raytheon
307:11687205
189:UNIVAC I
163:See also
108:digits.
32:computer
1270:Related
880:Cyclone
874:EDB-2/3
832:SILLIAC
790:IBM 701
684:PS-3000
679:PS-2000
655:ES-2701
554:SILLIAC
486:at the
106:decimal
50:at the
38:by the
1262:(1943)
1229:(1953)
1227:RAYDAC
1186:(1951)
1180:(1949)
1161:(1945)
1007:(1952)
1001:(1949)
995:(1947)
989:(1944)
970:(2006)
964:(2005)
958:(1988)
952:(1965)
946:(1966)
940:(1958)
934:(1952)
928:(1952)
926:ORDVAC
905:(1964)
899:(1960)
882:(1959)
876:(1957)
870:(1957)
864:(1957)
858:(1957)
856:MISTIC
852:(1956)
846:(1956)
840:(1956)
834:(1956)
828:(1957)
822:(1955)
816:(1955)
814:WEIZAC
810:(1952)
808:ORDVAC
804:(1953)
802:ORACLE
798:(1953)
792:(1953)
786:(1953)
780:(1953)
778:AVIDAC
774:(1952)
772:ILLIAC
708:Elbrus
650:BESM-6
631:(1964)
625:(1957)
619:(1956)
613:(1957)
604:Sweden
596:(1949)
590:(1954)
573:(1955)
571:WEIZAC
564:Israel
556:(1956)
476:, and
458:UNIVAC
425:binac.
417:
380:
305:
297:
262:
86:memory
71:binary
44:Eckert
1178:EDVAC
1159:ENIAC
956:CEDAR
903:TRASK
890:1960s
868:EDB-1
765:1950s
720:]
703:]
691:]
674:]
662:]
629:TRASK
623:EDB-1
594:FUJIC
588:FACOM
581:Japan
413:–27.
303:S2CID
102:octal
48:EDVAC
24:BINAC
18:Binač
1294:list
1282:list
1170:EMCC
1109:SAGE
838:SMIL
826:SARA
820:DASK
784:BESK
667:Mars
617:SMIL
611:SARA
415:ISBN
378:ISBN
295:ISSN
260:ISSN
156:user
94:bits
79:word
75:CPUs
1099:709
1094:705
1089:704
1084:702
1079:701
1074:650
1069:610
1015:IBM
696:SVS
478:IBM
353:hdl
287:doi
250:doi
1328::
718:ru
701:ru
689:ru
672:ru
660:ru
472:,
468:,
464:,
423:.
411:24
326:.
315:^
301:.
293:.
281:.
258:.
244:.
240:.
229:^
215:.
211:.
1047:e
1040:t
1033:v
532:e
525:t
518:v
480:.
386:.
359:.
355::
336:.
309:.
289::
283:1
266:.
252::
246:4
217:1
26:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.