779:
42:
716:
548:
467:
676:
439:
690:
415:
allowed at lower elevation, hence absorbing most of the horizontal (i.e. backward) force. A shorter recoil (23-inch Mk I, 20-inch Mk II) was allowed at high elevation where the ground itself could absorb much of the vertical (i.e. downward) recoil force. This prevented the breech from hitting the platform. The barrel had to be depressed 3° for loading, as can be seen in the photograph, shown below, of a howitzer of the
Australian 55th Siege Battery.
449:
657:. The standard shell weight was 290 pounds (130 kg). However, there were 19 variants of HE shell, some with sub-variants. Later marks of shell had a fill that varied between about 25 and 40 pounds (11 and 18 kg) of HE, and shell bodies varying in length between 28 and 32 inches (71 and 81 cm). There was also some use of Common Pointed shell filled with Shellite. Later fuses included various versions of No 101,
431:. This resulted in the Mark II gun in December 1916, with a heavier maximum propellant charge, a longer barrel and an increased range of 13,935 yards (12,742 m). However, combat experience showed the higher-velocity Mk II barrel had a reduced life, estimated at 3,500 rounds. The average barrel life of a Mk I gun was estimated from combat experience to be 6,000 rounds.
622:. These four pieces were actually given by Japan in 1917. The Russian designation for the gun was 234-mm Vickers howitzer. An ammunition tally on 15 September 1917 showed 1,110 rounds per gun available in the Russian arsenal. There was however no local production of this ammunition, all had to be imported.
414:
with a floating piston (the first
British use of this) and hydraulic buffer. However, the initial design suffered from excessive recoil and was modified in 1916. In 1917 the recoil was further improved by addition of a recoil indicator and cut-off gear. Full recoil (40-inch Mk I, 44-inch Mk II) was
374:
from
Austria in 1900 for service in South Africa. A practice camp in the 1900s showed this howitzer's high minimum elevation was a major problem. In due course Britain decided to develop its own heavy weapon, but retained the Skoda transport technique of moving it in three loads on wheeled trailers
567:
was already contracted to manufacture 9.2-inch howitzers for
Britain before the US entry into World War I in April 1917. The order was to be completed by July 1917, but they failed to meet the contract timescale and a year later deliveries had not been completed. As British manufacturing capacity
495:
with 36 British, one
Australian and two Canadian batteries. Batteries increased in size from four guns to six during 1916–17. Initially, batteries were in Heavy Artillery Groups – usually a single battery of 9.2-inch with the other four batteries being differently equipped. Mid-war Groups were
402:
sunk flush with the ground. An earth box fitted above ground to the front of the holdfast, with 9 long tons (9,100 kg) (Mk 1) or 11 long tons (11,200 kg) (Mk 2) of earth prevented it "bucking". On soft ground, extra beams were used under the holdfast. The carriage was mounted on the
523:
575:
The US Ordnance manual of 1920 describes its current stock of Model of 1917 (Vickers Mk I) and Model of 1918 (Vickers Mk II) as being built both in
Britain and the USA. The US-built guns may have been British orders to Bethlehem which were redirected to the US Army.
515:, who served in the Royal Artillery's 56th Heavy Regiment, 9.2-inch howitzer ammunition was so scarce in the early years of the Second World War that gun-crews in training were reduced to shouting "bang" in unison, as no shells were available to practice with.
487:
could. Thirty-six hours were normally required to dismount a gun from its travelling configuration and set it up for firing. This disadvantage was offset by the stability of the siege mounting which made it "the most accurate of heavy howitzers".
609:
installations for gun loading training. In 1923, these guns, plus the five others and 45,000 shells, were withdrawn to war reserve storage. In 1926 the 9.2 was listed for disposal. Five gun tubes survive in the United States as war memorials.
391:, Master-General of the Ordnance, immediately ordered 16 guns and a further 16 were ordered in October 1914. The prototype gun, "Mother", was in action in France on 31 October 1914 and production guns entered service in 1915.
1022:
Hogg & Thurston 1972 quote recoil at maximum elevation as 23 inches and 20 inches for Mk I and Mk II respectively in WWI British service; the US Army
Handbook of 1920 quotes recoil of 19 inches for both at maximum
403:
platform, it was pivoted at the front and traversed up to 30 degrees left and right by a spur gear engaging a curved toothed rack at the breech end of the platform, with the weight of the carriage on rollers.
852:
527:
525:
1271:
Official
History of the Ministry of Munitions Vol X The Supply of Munitions Part III Gun Ammunition: Shell Manufacture, Chap III The Climax of Shell Production Sect V Chemical, Smoke and Incendiary
928:
Official
History of the Ministry of Munitions Vol X The Supply of Munitions Part 1 Guns, Appendix Deliveries to Service of Guns and Carriages from Aug 1914 to Dec 1918 (a) New Guns and Carriages
965:
Hogg & Thurston 1972, pp. 161, 162 quote 1,600 ft/s (490 m/s) for Mk II in WWI British service. US Army manual May 1920 quotes 1,500 ft/s (460 m/s) Mk II, pp. 295, 303.
916:
Official
History of the Ministry of Munitions Vol X The Supply of Munitions Part 1 Guns, Chap V The Manufacture and repair of Guns, Sect V Supply of the Main Types (g) 9.2-in Howitzer
526:
1388:
A Walk in the Parks: The Definitive Guidebook to Monuments in Charleston's Major Downtown Parks-- Including White Point Garden, Marion Square, Waterfront Park, and Washington Square
2923:
2928:
579:
One source describes the US acquisition of the 9.2 as based mainly on the need at the time to utilize immediately available manufacturing capacities, and that development of a
587:
for its super-heavy artillery was the main US goal. This view is supported by the 1920 US Ordnance manual which describes the 240 mm howitzer as far superior to the 9.2.
2933:
387:
with a siege company. The assessment was "This equipment is a vast improvement on any other in use in the siege artillery, and is worth taking with an army." Major General
598:(CAC), was in action with 9.2-inch howitzers in World War I. Also equipped with or slated for this weapon, the 72nd Artillery (CAC) was almost ready for the front and the
1681:
1742:
1521:
Service handbook of the 9.2 inch Howitzer matériel model of 1917 (Vickers Mark I) and model of 1918 (Vickers Mark II). United States. War Department. Washington. 1922
1421:
Official History of the Ministry of Munitions Vol X The Supply of Munitions. 1922. Facsimile reprint by Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press, 2008.
2238:
2515:
572:
building up in France. One source states that Bethlehem did not reach production on the US order but that 40 were delivered from Britain by the end of the war.
605:
Following the war, the US stock of 9.2-inch weapons was moved to the US and placed in reserve; a total of 45 guns. In April 1919, 40 of them were placed at
370:
The origins of a British heavy "siege" howitzer lie in advances in technology and the 21 cm howitzers used by the German field army. UK had purchased
2938:
69:
504:
524:
1549:
1004:
Official History of the Ministry of Munitions Vol X The Supply of Munitions Part 1 Guns, Sect VI Other Modifications in Design, (g) 9.2-inch Howitzer
595:
778:
1477:
Major General Sir John Headlam, The History of the Royal Artillery – From the Indian Mutiny to the Great War Volume II (1899–1914). Woolwich, 1934
787:
584:
453:
1674:
1256:
1216:
1171:
1032:
Major General Birch (over General Haig's signature), to War Office, 24 June 1916. Letter Quoted in full in Farndale 1986 Annex E, Appendix 1.
606:
508:
2025:
599:
591:
2861:
2695:
2386:
2324:
2121:
1905:
1895:
1879:
1829:
1451:
484:
41:
2192:
2810:
2111:
1849:
1800:
857:
602:(CAC) was in France but had not commenced training at the time of the Armistice. Each regiment had an authorised strength of 24 guns.
2508:
1472:
1458:
1426:
1396:
1119:
532:
1333:
1667:
1874:
2795:
803:
791:
2943:
2836:
2106:
1770:
1147:
Handbook of artillery: including mobile, anti-aircraft and trench matériel (1920), United States Army Ordnance Dept, May 1920
736:
496:
renamed Brigades RGA, and there were different types but the pattern of a single 9.2-inch battery in a brigade was retained.
568:
increased, guns became available for export. The US government ordered 100 from Bethlehem and 132 from Britain to equip the
2482:
1195:
2726:
2243:
1958:
735:, Wales in July 1914. Sent to France, it was operated by 8th Siege Battery from October 1914. The howitzer was visited by
569:
411:
270:
2660:
2637:
2501:
2472:
2421:
2222:
1724:
1569:
2841:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2866:
2856:
2851:
2565:
2154:
2058:
492:
457:
483:
A disadvantage of the dismantling system was an inability to fire directly from the travelling carriage the way the
2846:
2580:
2116:
2068:
2063:
2053:
1943:
1854:
1805:
1467:, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Western Front 1914–18. London: The Royal Artillery Institution, 1986
835:
811:
715:
2953:
2871:
2675:
2248:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1915:
1869:
1864:
1705:
1434:
388:
1432:"Counter-Battery Work" GHQ Artillery Notes No. 3 February 1918. Redistributed by US Army War College April 1918.
2948:
2088:
1986:
831:
763:
744:
626:
351:
2887:
2831:
2524:
2185:
2144:
1765:
1760:
1486:
I.V. Hogg & L.F. Thurston, British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914–1918. London: Ian Allan, 1972
847:
795:
767:
128:
2815:
2790:
2670:
2632:
2627:
2606:
2575:
2570:
2264:
2159:
2149:
2048:
2001:
1719:
1013:
Hogg & Thurston 1972 pp. 161–162 for WWI British service; US Army Handbook 1920 p. 295 for US service.
762:, from 1920 and at South Kensington from 1924. Around this time, the howitzer served as the model for the
680:
642:
547:
394:
The gun was transported in three loads – body and cradle, bed, barrel – towed by either heavy horses or a
289:
230:
178:
174:
2775:
2601:
2596:
2555:
2545:
2319:
2299:
2126:
2035:
1976:
580:
248:
398:. The equipment featured a segment shaped ground platform assembled from steel section and bolted to a
2457:
944:
Handbook for the B.L. 9.2-inch Mks I & II Howitzers on Mks I & II Carriages (Land Service 1931
2690:
2680:
2642:
2334:
2309:
2043:
1996:
1991:
1859:
1839:
1810:
1734:
1714:
886:
399:
371:
343:
1496:
427:, requested among other artillery improvements an increase in range to 15,000 yards (14,000 m)
2396:
2073:
1920:
1910:
1604:
1058:
815:
748:
724:
694:
423:
The Mk I's range was relatively limited and in June 1916 the senior Artillery commander in France,
47:
1659:
466:
2805:
2754:
2705:
2493:
2441:
2289:
2284:
2178:
1834:
1785:
1644:
1111:
827:
826:
A 9.2-inch howitzer barrel, manufactured in 1918 by the Bethlehem Steel Company, is displayed in
759:
743:
on 18 November. Transferred to 10th Siege Battery in early 1915 it saw use during the battles of
719:
The prototype "Mother" gun barrel on Mk I production mounting at the Imperial War Museum, London.
253:
225:
675:
438:
723:
The barrel of the original prototype, known as 'Mother' is preserved on a Mk I carriage by the
625:
Three of the guns were still in service with the Soviet 317th artillery battalion, part of the
2665:
2560:
2550:
2477:
2467:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2411:
2098:
2083:
1844:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1468:
1454:
1422:
1392:
1252:
1212:
1167:
1115:
689:
537:
507:, but their main deployment was in the United Kingdom as anti-invasion defences. According to
1491:"Handbook of artillery : including mobile, anti-aircraft and trench matériel", May 1920.
1446:"The story of ordnance in the World War". Washington, James William Bryan Press, circa. 1920.
1386:
618:
Only four out of 44 9.2-inch howitzers promised by the allies ended up in the service of the
442:
Two Mk I howitzers supporting Australian troops near Corbie, May 1918, showing the earth box.
2800:
2749:
2462:
2406:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2365:
2360:
2314:
2304:
2294:
2078:
2020:
1529:"Chapter III: Forging High-explosive Shells; Chapter VII: Machining British Howitzer Shells"
359:
257:
1596:
1574:
Defeating the Hun: History of United States Army Coast Artillery Corps During World War One
448:
2744:
2736:
2685:
2622:
2355:
2350:
2279:
2274:
2269:
1968:
1821:
1752:
1464:
1308:
1282:
665:
650:
630:
564:
311:
152:
2170:
1528:
1490:
1445:
1146:
1104:
1062:
1341:
802:. The weapon was received by the AWM in 1939, later being used at an artillery range at
1690:
1620:
1099:
619:
512:
102:
2917:
2785:
2780:
2721:
2217:
1981:
1438:
661:
and 188. More than three million rounds of ammunition were expended during the war.
17:
2531:
1930:
1365:"9.2 inch Howitzer Mk 1 : 1st Australian Imperial Force [RELAWM15742]"
755:
ranges until worn out. With its barrel relined, it was reissued to France in 1917.
752:
658:
500:
395:
380:
355:
59:
46:
Australian Battery of 9.2 inch Mark I howitzers in action at Fricourt during the
2136:
1697:
1480:
1452:
British Artillery 1914–1919. Heavy Artillery. Osprey Publishing, Oxford UK, 2005
1364:
992:
Hogg IV, Allied Artillery of World War One. The Crowood Press, Marlborough, 1998
810:
before returning to the AWM's stores in April 1949. It was later loaned to the
740:
406:
The tubular cradle pivoted by the trunnions supported the barrel – a wire bound
375:(either horse- or tractor-towed). A trial gun was received in 1913 and fired at
347:
112:
1497:
United States War Department Service Handbook of the 9.2-inch Howitzer Matériel
1640:
807:
751:
in May 1915. The weapon returned to Britain in July 1915 and was fired at the
424:
301:
207:
782:
A BL 9.2-inch howitzer on display outside the Australian War Memorial in 2016
2770:
2527:
2202:
1693:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1431:
383:
during the winter. In July 1914 it was sent to the tactical firing range at
1041:
Handbook of artillery, United States. Army. Ordnance Dept, May 1920, p. 286
1483:, Allied Artillery of World War One. The Crowood Press, Marlborough, 1998
1186:
Handbook of artillery, United States Army Ordnance Dept, May 1920, p. 300
799:
728:
384:
376:
339:
668:, a persistent chemical agent. However, only 7000 shells were produced.
654:
238:
133:
646:
264:
1597:"Destruction of a German blockhouse by 9.2 howitzer [film]"
758:
Acquired by the Imperial War Museum, the howitzer was exhibited at
693:
Mk I Trotyl (TNT) shell on the loading platform of "Mother" at the
1515:
Gun drill for 9.2-inch B.L. howitzer Mark II carriage Mark II 1923
777:
732:
714:
688:
674:
546:
521:
465:
447:
437:
952:
950:
664:
Chemical shells were introduced in 1918, these were filled with
629:
in the winter of 1939-1940, when they were employed against the
429:"even if an increase of the weight of the equipment is entailed"
2497:
2174:
1663:
1166:. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. pp. 112–115.
350:. It equipped a substantial number of siege batteries of the
1493:
See "9.2-Inch Howitzer Matériel (Vickers)" pp. 283–299
491:
In World War I British service, the gun served only on the
362:, with the remainder being kept in the United Kingdom.
853:
List of numbered documents of the US Department of War
202:
Mk II Body, cradle & ordnance only 5 tons 17 cwt
2880:
2824:
2763:
2735:
2714:
2651:
2615:
2589:
2538:
2450:
2374:
2343:
2257:
2231:
2210:
2135:
2097:
2034:
2010:
1967:
1929:
1888:
1819:
1751:
1733:
1704:
551:
Gunners of 56th Heavy Regiment with Mk II, May 1940
322:
310:
300:
288:
280:
263:
247:
237:
224:
206:
198:
193:
185:
166:
158:
147:
139:
123:
118:
108:
88:
80:
75:
65:
55:
32:
1164:American Breechloading Mobile Artillery, 1875-1953
1103:
1621:"Chapperton Down Artillery School [film]"
1509:Gun drill for 9.2-inch B.L. howitzer Mark II 1920
1441:Provided online by Combined Arms Research Library
1236:. Vol. 2. Воениздат. pp. 177, 228, 252.
912:
910:
470:Transport (L-R) of barrel, bed, cradle & body
1743:1.59-inch breech-loading Vickers Q.F. gun, Mk II
1391:. Charleston, SC: EveningPostBooks. p. 61.
1133:
1131:
1209:The U. S. Army in World War I: Orders of Battle
2509:
2186:
1675:
885:The regiment's guns were later replaced with
8:
2924:World War II artillery of the United Kingdom
1000:
998:
940:
938:
936:
934:
924:
922:
2929:World War I artillery of the United Kingdom
1094:
1092:
70:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
2934:World War I artillery of the United States
2516:
2502:
2494:
2193:
2179:
2171:
1682:
1668:
1660:
1063:"9.2in BL Howitzer Mk 1 (Mother), British"
29:
1157:
1155:
346:equipment of British forces in France in
2239:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP
1234:Артиллерия русской армии (1900–1917 гг.)
876:The MGRA, Major-General, Royal Artillery
1641:"BL 9.2-inch Howitzer Marks I & II"
906:
869:
328:13,935 yd (12,742 m) (Mk. II)
215:13 ft 3 in (4 m) (Mk II)
1196:Coast Artillery Corps regiments in WWI
1067:Imperial War Museum Collections Search
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
956:Hogg & Thurston 1972, pp. 161, 162
318:1,600 ft/s (490 m/s) (Mk II)
213:10 ft 1 in (3 m) (Mk I)
1340:. Imperial War Museum. Archived from
1106:Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall
326:10,060 yd (9,200 m) (Mk. I)
316:1,187 ft/s (362 m/s) (Mk I)
7:
2026:Livens Large Gallery Flame Projector
1489:United States. Army. Ordnance Dept,
645:(high explosive) shells filled with
541:(1918) showing a howitzer in action.
503:, some guns went to France with the
173:All Mks equivalent to 632 complete
2939:World War I artillery of Australia
1627:. Imperial War Museum. 10:01:02:00
786:A Mk I howitzer, probably used by
358:a limited number were used in the
25:
1211:. General Data LLC. p. 204.
2893:BL 12-inch Mk V railway howitzer
1595:Geoffrey Malins (January 1916).
1535:. New York: The Industrial Press
1533:High-Explosive Shell Manufacture
858:US War Department Ordnance Forms
818:, returning to the AWM in 1998.
40:
2888:BL 9.2-inch Mk XIII railway gun
2325:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII
2122:BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun
1880:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII
1647:from the original on 2021-12-12
804:Port Wakefield, South Australia
792:First Australian Imperial Force
2847:BL 6-inch Mk VII & Mk XXIV
2112:QF 4-inch naval gun Mk I – III
739:on 5 November 1914 and by the
727:. This howitzer was tested at
323:Maximum firing range
167:
1:
2898:BL 13.5-inch Mk V railway gun
2244:37 mm Infantry Gun Model 1917
1959:QF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer
794:in 1917, is preserved at the
737:Field Marshal Sir John French
570:American Expeditionary Forces
456:loading a 9.2-inch howitzer,
412:hydro-pneumatic recoil system
336:Ordnance BL 9.2-inch howitzer
2661:BL 4.5-inch medium field gun
2473:12-inch coast defense mortar
2422:12-inch coast defense mortar
2258:Field, medium and heavy guns
2223:QF 6-pounder 6 cwt Hotchkiss
2049:QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk II
1896:BL 7.5-inch Mk III naval gun
1527:Hamilton, Douglas T (1916).
1523:at State Library of Victoria
1517:at State Library of Victoria
1511:at State Library of Victoria
1207:Rinaldi, Richard A. (2004).
454:55th Siege Artillery Battery
2903:BL 18-inch railway howitzer
2155:BL 12-inch railway howitzer
1875:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk I – V
1570:"9.2-inch British Howitzer"
1162:Williford, Glen M. (2016).
1110:. Michael Joseph. pp.
641:The primary ammunition was
505:British Expeditionary Force
2970:
2727:3.7-inch mountain howitzer
2483:14"/50 caliber railway gun
2117:BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun
2011:Smoke and chemical weapons
1944:BL 10-pounder mountain gun
1906:BL 9.2-inch Mk X naval gun
1550:"9.2-inch Mark I Howitzer"
836:Charleston, South Carolina
822:Charleston, South Carolina
812:Royal Australian Artillery
614:Russian and Soviet service
452:Australian gunners of the
410:– and connected it to the
342:that formed the principal
2249:QF 2.95-inch mountain gun
1954:QF 2.95-inch mountain gun
1949:BL 2.75-inch mountain gun
1939:RML 2.5-inch mountain gun
1916:BL 12-inch Mk X naval gun
1870:BL 6-inch 30 cwt howitzer
1865:BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer
1363:Australian War Memorial.
372:Skoda 9.45-inch howitzers
233:290 lb (130 kg)
219:
66:Place of origin
39:
2616:Field guns and howitzers
1987:Vickers 1.57-inch mortar
1568:Hartwell, Joseph Allen.
764:Royal Artillery Memorial
352:Royal Garrison Artillery
243:9.2-inch (233.7 mm)
2633:25-pounder Gun-Howitzer
2387:4.72-inch Armstrong gun
2145:BL 9.2-inch railway gun
1247:Широкорад А.Б. (2001).
848:List of siege artillery
838:(32.76983, -79.93179).
796:Australian War Memorial
774:Australian War Memorial
768:Charles Sargeant Jagger
592:65th Artillery Regiment
585:Schneider 280-mm mortar
129:Coventry Ordnance Works
2791:QF 2-pounder naval gun
2671:BL 5.5-inch medium gun
2581:QF 95 mm howitzer
2265:3-inch M1902 field gun
2160:BL 14-inch railway gun
2150:BL 12-inch railway gun
2002:9.45-inch Heavy Mortar
1720:QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss
1601:IWM Collections Search
1385:Young, John R (2010).
1313:IWM Collections Search
1287:IWM Collections Search
1232:Е.З. Барсуков (1949).
783:
720:
698:
684:
552:
542:
471:
461:
443:
2944:World War I howitzers
2764:Anti-aircraft weapons
2722:75mm Pack howitzer M1
2478:12-inch gun M1895MIA1
2320:155 mm howitzer M1917
2300:6-inch howitzer M1908
1977:Garland trench mortar
1338:War Memorials Archive
1307:Imperial War Museum.
1281:Imperial War Museum.
1249:Северные войны России
1137:Brown 1920, pp. 68–69
1086:Farndale 1986, p. 139
887:BL 7.2-inch howitzers
781:
718:
692:
678:
596:Coast Artillery Corps
550:
530:
469:
451:
441:
34:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
2786:QF 1½-pounder Mk III
2701:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
2691:BL 7.2-inch howitzer
2681:BL 6-inch gun Mk XIX
2643:QF 4.5-inch howitzer
2525:British Commonwealth
2397:6-inch Armstrong gun
2375:Coast artillery guns
2335:240 mm trench mortar
2330:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
2107:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt
2059:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt
2044:QF 1-pounder pom-pom
2017:4-inch Stokes Mortar
1997:Newton 6-inch mortar
1992:2-inch medium mortar
1982:3-inch Stokes mortar
1901:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
1860:BL 6-inch gun Mk XIX
1855:BL 6-inch gun Mk VII
1850:BLC 6-inch siege gun
1840:BL 5.4-inch howitzer
1811:QF 4.5-inch howitzer
1806:BL 4-inch gun Mk VII
1801:QF 4-inch gun Mk III
1771:QF 12-pounder 18 cwt
1715:QF 3-pounder Vickers
583:based on the French
533:US Army Signal Corps
509:the post-war memoirs
312:Muzzle velocity
276:20-44 inches (MK II)
60:Heavy siege howitzer
27:Heavy siege howitzer
18:BL 9.2 inch Howitzer
2842:QF 4.7-inch Mk I–IV
2832:QF 6-pounder 10 cwt
2232:Small and pack guns
2074:QF 13-pounder 9 cwt
2069:QF 13-pounder Mk IV
2064:QF 13-pounder 6 cwt
1921:BL 15-inch howitzer
1911:BL 12-inch howitzer
1766:QF 12-pounder 8 cwt
1761:BL 12-pounder 6 cwt
1619:War Office (1916).
1605:Imperial War Museum
1465:Sir Martin Farndale
1059:Imperial War Museum
816:Holsworthy Barracks
725:Imperial War Museum
711:Imperial War Museum
695:Imperial War Museum
425:Major General Birch
274:23-40 inches (MK I)
48:Battle of the Somme
2816:QF 5.25-inch Mk II
2755:ML 4.2-inch mortar
2745:SBML 2-inch mortar
2706:240 mm howitzer M1
2696:BL 8-inch howitzer
2676:BL 6-inch howitzer
2654:guns and howitzers
2566:QF 3-inch howitzer
2442:155 mm gun M1918MI
2344:Anti-aircraft guns
2290:4.7-inch gun M1906
2285:3.2-inch gun M1897
2036:Anti-aircraft guns
1931:Mountain artillery
1835:BL 5-inch howitzer
1725:QF 6-pounder 6 cwt
1437:2 January 2013 at
828:White Point Garden
788:55th Siege Battery
784:
747:in March 1915 and
721:
706:Surviving examples
699:
685:
553:
543:
485:BL 8-inch howitzer
472:
462:
444:
338:was a heavy siege
254:Welin breech block
119:Production history
2911:
2910:
2881:Railway artillery
2867:BL 14-inch Mk VII
2857:BL 8-inch Mk VIII
2852:BL 7.5-inch Mk VI
2811:QF 4.5-inch Mk II
2666:BL 60-pounder gun
2652:Medium and heavy
2491:
2490:
2468:10-inch gun M1895
2458:7"/45 caliber gun
2451:Railway artillery
2437:16-inch gun M1919
2432:16-inch gun M1895
2427:14-inch gun M1907
2417:12-inch gun M1895
2412:10-inch gun M1895
2168:
2167:
2099:Coastal artillery
1845:BL 60-pounder gun
1334:"Royal Artillery"
1258:978-5-17-009849-1
1251:. ACT / Харвест.
1218:978-0-9720296-4-3
1173:978-0-7643-5049-8
703:
702:
557:
556:
538:America Goes Over
528:
476:
475:
332:
331:
16:(Redirected from
2961:
2954:234 mm artillery
2862:BL 9.2-inch Mk X
2750:ML 3-inch mortar
2638:25-pounder Short
2518:
2511:
2504:
2495:
2463:8-inch gun M1888
2407:8-inch gun M1888
2402:6-inch gun M1897
2392:5-inch gun M1897
2382:3-inch gun M1903
2366:3-inch gun M1918
2361:3-inch gun M1917
2315:155 mm GPF M1918
2310:6-inch gun M1917
2305:6-inch gun M1903
2295:5-inch gun M1897
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2079:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
2021:Livens Projector
1706:Armoured vehicle
1684:
1677:
1670:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1444:Sevellon Brown,
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1109:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1055:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:
957:
954:
945:
942:
929:
926:
917:
914:
890:
883:
877:
874:
671:
670:
529:
518:
517:
434:
433:
360:Battle of France
258:Asbury mechanism
169:
44:
35:
30:
21:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2949:Siege artillery
2914:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2876:
2872:BL 15-inch Mk I
2820:
2759:
2731:
2710:
2686:155 mm Long Tom
2653:
2647:
2623:75 mm Gun M1917
2611:
2585:
2534:
2522:
2492:
2487:
2446:
2370:
2356:75 mm gun M1916
2351:75 mm gun M1897
2339:
2280:75 mm gun M1917
2275:75 mm gun M1916
2270:75 mm gun M1897
2253:
2227:
2206:
2199:
2169:
2164:
2131:
2093:
2030:
2006:
1963:
1925:
1889:Siege artillery
1884:
1830:QF 4.7-inch gun
1822:heavy artillery
1815:
1753:Field artillery
1747:
1729:
1700:
1698:First World War
1688:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1618:
1609:
1607:
1594:
1591:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1505:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1100:Milligan, Spike
1098:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1057:
1056:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
987:
983:Headlam, p. 263
982:
978:
974:Headlam, p. 262
973:
969:
964:
960:
955:
948:
943:
932:
927:
920:
915:
908:
899:
894:
893:
884:
880:
875:
871:
866:
844:
824:
814:for display at
776:
741:Prince of Wales
713:
708:
639:
631:Mannerheim Line
616:
581:240-mm howitzer
565:Bethlehem Steel
562:
522:
481:
421:
368:
344:counter-battery
327:
317:
296:15°–50° (Mk II)
295:
275:
273:
271:Hydro-pneumatic
220:
214:
153:Bethlehem Steel
131:
101:
99:
97:
95:
93:
81:In service
76:Service history
51:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2967:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:20 mm Oerlikon
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2590:Anti-tank guns
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:of World War I
2201:United States
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2089:QF 4-inch Mk V
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1786:BLC 15-pounder
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1691:British Empire
1689:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1637:
1616:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1565:
1545:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1503:External links
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1461:
1448:
1442:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1397:
1377:
1355:
1344:on 5 July 2008
1325:
1299:
1273:
1264:
1257:
1239:
1224:
1217:
1199:
1188:
1179:
1172:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1120:
1088:
1079:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1015:
1006:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
946:
930:
918:
905:
904:
903:
898:
895:
892:
891:
878:
868:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
843:
840:
823:
820:
775:
772:
760:Crystal Palace
745:Neuve Chapelle
712:
709:
707:
704:
701:
700:
686:
638:
635:
620:Russian Empire
615:
612:
600:50th Artillery
561:
558:
555:
554:
544:
513:Spike Milligan
480:
477:
474:
473:
463:
445:
420:
417:
367:
364:
330:
329:
324:
320:
319:
314:
308:
307:
304:
298:
297:
294:15°–55° (Mk I)
292:
286:
285:
284:Siege carriage
282:
278:
277:
267:
261:
260:
251:
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:
228:
222:
221:
217:
216:
211:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
194:Specifications
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
181:(UK contracts)
171:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
103:Russian Empire
92:United Kingdom
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
50:, August 1916.
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2966:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:QF 12-pounder
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:Coast defence
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:20 mm Polsten
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:Mountain guns
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:QF 18-pounder
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2607:QF 17-pounder
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:QF 17-pounder
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Puteaux SA 18
2216:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:QF 18-pounder
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1820:Medium &
1818:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:QF 18-pounder
1794:
1792:
1791:QF 15-pounder
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:BL 15-pounder
1779:
1777:
1776:QF 13-pounder
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1735:Infantry guns
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1646:
1642:
1638:
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531:Excerpt from
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493:Western Front
489:
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458:Western Front
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19:
2796:Bofors 40 mm
2700:
2602:QF 6-pounder
2597:QF 2-pounder
2556:QF 6-pounder
2551:QF 3-pounder
2546:QF 2-pounder
2532:World War II
2329:
2137:Railway guns
2054:75 mm AA gun
1900:
1649:. Retrieved
1629:. Retrieved
1624:
1608:. Retrieved
1600:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:
1557:. Retrieved
1554:Landships II
1553:
1537:. Retrieved
1532:
1416:Bibliography
1402:. Retrieved
1387:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:the original
1337:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:
1276:
1267:
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1242:
1233:
1227:
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1202:
1191:
1182:
1163:
1142:
1105:
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1070:. Retrieved
1066:
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979:
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961:
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785:
766:designed by
757:
753:Shoeburyness
722:
663:
640:
624:
617:
604:
589:
578:
574:
563:
536:
511:of comedian
501:World War II
498:
490:
482:
460:, July 1916.
428:
422:
407:
405:
396:Holt tractor
393:
381:Shoeburyness
369:
356:World War II
335:
333:
210: length
148:Manufacturer
89:Used by
2806:QF 3.7-inch
1643:. YouTube.
1072:22 February
832:The Battery
666:mustard gas
348:World War I
256:with Smith-
189:Mk I, Mk II
170: built
113:World War I
2918:Categories
2127:RML 9-inch
1651:26 October
1631:1 November
1610:26 October
1579:26 October
1559:26 October
1548:Kempf, P.
1539:26 October
1404:23 October
1348:24 October
1318:24 October
1309:"Q 44827A"
1292:24 October
1023:elevation.
897:References
637:Ammunition
560:US service
479:Combat use
354:. During
175:equipments
2801:QF 3-inch
2771:Z Battery
2539:Tank guns
2528:artillery
2211:Tank guns
2203:artillery
1694:artillery
1481:I.V. Hogg
1283:"Q 31396"
902:Citations
798:(AWM) in
749:Festubert
697:, London.
653:(TNT) or
627:13th Army
389:von Donop
290:Elevation
269:Variable
179:ordnances
162:1914–1918
151:Vickers,
94:Australia
84:1914–1919
2576:77 mm HV
2561:QF 75 mm
1645:Archived
1625:IWM Film
1463:General
1435:Archived
1370:18 April
1149:, p. 288
1102:(1971).
842:See also
800:Canberra
729:Rhayader
400:holdfast
385:Rhayader
377:Woolwich
340:howitzer
302:Traverse
281:Carriage
186:Variants
177:plus 43
159:Produced
140:Designed
124:Designer
2737:Mortars
1969:Mortars
1696:of the
790:of the
655:Lyddite
590:The US
499:During
419:Mark II
366:History
239:Caliber
134:Vickers
132:Mk II:
100:Belgium
1471:
1457:
1425:
1395:
1255:
1215:
1170:
1118:
1114:, 81.
683:shell.
679:Mk II
651:Trotyl
647:Amatol
408:A tube
265:Recoil
249:Breech
208:Barrel
127:Mk I:
96:Canada
1589:Media
864:Notes
733:Powys
535:film
226:Shell
1708:guns
1653:2013
1633:2013
1612:2013
1581:2013
1561:2013
1541:2013
1469:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1406:2013
1393:ISBN
1372:2013
1350:2013
1320:2013
1294:2013
1253:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1074:2012
806:for
379:and
334:The
199:Mass
143:1913
109:Wars
56:Type
2530:of
834:in
830:at
731:in
659:106
168:No.
2920::
1623:.
1603:.
1599:.
1572:.
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1336:.
1311:.
1285:.
1154:^
1130:^
1112:36
1091:^
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1061:.
1046:^
997:^
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933:^
921:^
909:^
770:.
681:HE
649:,
643:HE
633:.
594:,
231:HE
2517:e
2510:t
2503:v
2194:e
2187:t
2180:v
1683:e
1676:t
1669:v
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1635:.
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1296:.
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1176:.
1124:.
1076:.
889:.
20:)
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