474:"It would appear that the aircraft should have made firm contact with MRX before requesting permission from Bermuda to change frequency. This was obviously not done as MRX never worked G-AGRE on this frequency at all. In addition I am convinced that G-AGRE did not ever transmit on this frequency of 6523 kc/s. even if Bermuda did give authority to change frequency which they could quite readily have done. This latter opinion is based on the fact that not only was MRX in Jamaica listening out on 6523 kc/s. but so also were New York, Miami, Nassau, Havana, and Bilbao and, so far as we are aware and from what definite information we have, none of these stations ever heard from G-AGRE on 6523 kc/s. Whilst it may have been possible for us not to hear G-AGRE owing to the bad reception Palisadoes was experiencing at the time of the requested
511:
officer was very experienced and also experienced on the route; good radio communications had been maintained with the aircraft up to and including reception of its last message; there were no weather complications, and a study of the weather reports have no reason to believe that the accident was caused by meteorological conditions. There was also no evidence of sabotage, though Brown said that the possibility of such could not be entirely eliminated.
33:
572:, concluded such an occurrence could have become quickly catastrophic: "If the heater had caught fire down below the floorboards then it could have developed to a catastrophic state before the crew knew anything about it. There was no automatic fire extinguisher to put it out like there is nowadays. There was no alarm where the heater was stored... so no-one would know, possibly until it was too late."
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It was accepted that radio communications were poor during the early afternoon and worsened between 16:00 and 17:00, but Brown said it seemed strange that no attempt was made by BSAA staff at
Kingston to find out whether anything had been heard of the aircraft until 2 hours 28 minutes after its last
567:
A 2009 theory is that the poor design of the Tudor IVB's cabin heater could have contributed to the plane's loss. According to Don
Mackintosh, a former BSAA Tudor IV pilot, and Captain Peter Duffey, a former BSAA pilot, the cabin heater, located underneath the floor of the cockpit, was also placed
510:
Brown said that there was no evidence of defect in, or failure of, any part of the aircraft before its departure from
Bermuda. The all-up weight and the centre of gravity were within the prescribed limits; a daily inspection had been carried out; the pilot was experienced on the route; the radio
466:
This was investigated, along with McPhee's switch over to
Kingston frequency which was considered early, as he was still close to Bermuda at the time. It was considered possible that a distress transmission on that frequency might not have been heard, given the aircraft's distance from Kingston.
435:
By 19 January the search had been broadened to an area of 55,000 sq mi (140,000 km) southwest of
Bermuda. USAF Major Keith Cloe, who had been put in charge, said that the search would be continued until 22 January and extended if any reports of debris were received. The search was
458:
However, although the weather was good, the day in question had suffered communication problems ranging from static to poor reception to complete blackouts lasting as much as 10 minutes which came and went, selectively affecting certain planes calling certain stations from different angles. The
523:
As a result of the loss, BSAA withdrew all five of its remaining Tudor IVs from service until each had been examined. The company faced problems in maintaining its services, since it was difficult to find aircraft of sufficient range, and considered chartering
362:"I DEPARTED FROM KINDLEY FIELD AT 8:41 A.M. HOURS. MY ETA AT KINGSTON 2:10 P.M. HOURS. I AM FLYING IN GOOD VISIBILITY AT 18,000 FT. I FLEW OVER 150 MILES SOUTH OF KINDLEY FIELD AT 9:32 HRS. MY ETA AT 30° N IS 9:37 HRS. WILL YOU ACCEPT CONTROL?"
407:
route, bisect it, and follow it back to
Bermuda. Another aircraft took off from Bermuda, flew 500 mi (800 km), then did a 10 mi (16 km) lattice search all the way back. A US Navy task force headed by the battleship
568:
close to hydraulic pipes. This meant that hydraulic vapor could have leaked and come into contact with the hot heater, causing either a fire or an explosion. Eric Newton, an air accident investigator who reviewed the case of
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radio transmission. Kingston also did not attempt to establish contact with the aircraft until 17:10 or inquire as to whether it had made contact with Nassau or New York or any other radio station.
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pilots in an effort to provide service on the previously untapped South
American trade and passenger routes. Originally named British Latin American Air Lines (BLAIR), it was split off from the
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finally abandoned on 23 January, with aircraft from
Kindley Field having flown over 1,000,000 mi (1,600,000 km). No sign of debris, oil slicks or wreckage had been found.
938:"Civil Aircraft Accident – Report on the Loss of TUDOR VB (sic) STAR ARIEL G-AGRE which disappeared on a flight between Bermuda and Kingston Jamaica on 17th January 1949"
1773:
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It was revealed that there had been no bad weather, none of the weather reports indicating any abnormal conditions, and the chance of any marked
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276:) to operate its South Atlantic routes. BSAA commenced transatlantic services in March 1946, making the first operational flight from
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478:, it would seem most improbable for similar conditions to obtain with all those other stations listening out on that frequency."
358:), decided on a high-altitude flight to take advantage of it. About an hour into the flight McPhee contacted Kingston by radio:
507:. In it he stated that "through lack of evidence due to no wreckage having been found, the cause of the accident is unknown."
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The Tudor IV aircraft were converted to freight use, but
Bennett had two restored to passenger use, and one of these,
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was almost nil. There were no clouds above 10,000 ft (3,000 m) over the whole of the aircraft's route.
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900:
Fly With the Stars: British South
American Airways – The Rise and Controversial Fall of a Long-Haul Trailblazer
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was one of three enlarged and improved versions of the Avro Tudor, designated Mark IVs. On 17 January 1949,
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took off at 08:41 with seven crew and thirteen passengers. Weather conditions were excellent, and her
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assisted in the search, which expanded to dozens of ships and several planes over the next few days.
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was promptly pressed into service to take G-AHNK's passengers on to their destination of
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in January 1948, remains unsolved, with the resulting speculation helping to develop the
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had been sabotaged and that "a known war-registered saboteur" had been seen near the
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726:"accident investigation - minister - chief inspector - 1951 - 0458 - Flight Archive"
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An Avro Tudor Mk.IVB Super Trader similar to the aircraft that disappeared
666:"19 Jan 1949 - 19 aboard missing airliner: gigantic sea search - Trove"
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shortly before its last takeoff. He also claimed that Prime Minister
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On 21 December 1949 the report of the inquiry was issued by the
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communication problem lasted almost exactly the entire time the
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had ordered all enquiries into the incidents to be abandoned.
324:, Bermuda, with no passengers. Meanwhile, BSAA Tudor G-AHNK
879:
Coningham: a biography of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham
370:"I WAS OVER 30° N AT 9:37 I AM CHANGING FREQUENCY TO MRX."
796:"BBC NEWS - UK - Bermuda Triangle plane mystery 'solved'"
463:
would have been in flight, finally lifting around 13:07.
403:, and now refuelled and took off at 15:25 to fly out to
1789:
British South American Airways accidents and incidents
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Aviation accidents and incidents in the Atlantic Ocean
470:
However, a BSAA representative in Kingston observed:
640:"19 Jan 1949 - 19 aboard missing U.K. plane - Trove"
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746:"Loss of Star Ariel. Riddle Unsolved by Inquiry".
332:on approach to Bermuda, landing without incident.
827:Report of the loss of Tudor IVb Star Ariel G-AGRE
790:
788:
1779:Accidents and incidents involving the Avro Tudor
354:, Captain John Clutha McPhee (formerly of the
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383:and Kingston finally reported her overdue.
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300:. Its destinations included Bermuda, the
223:passenger aircraft owned and operated by
1774:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1949
1642:1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision
840:Air Disaster (Vol. 4: The Propeller Era)
304:and the western coast of South America.
264:(BSAA) was an airline created by former
16:1949 disappearance of passenger aircraft
838:Job, MacArthur; Juanita Franzi (2001).
606:
235:while on a flight between Bermuda and
182:
897:Ottaway, Susan; Ottaway, Ian (2007).
448:left for Bermuda on 18 January 1949.
7:
1804:January 1949 events in North America
940:– the Official Accident Report (PDF)
395:began with another Tudor IV, G-AHNJ
379:No more messages were received from
320:was awaiting flight instructions at
270:British Overseas Airways Corporation
1657:1956 Scottish Airlines air disaster
825:Ministry of Civil Aviation (1949).
708:"Search for Star Ariel Abandoned".
14:
1064:MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3
802:from the original on 1 March 2023
1618:1948 Northwood mid-air collision
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976:Aviation accidents and incidents
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763:"Tudors Taken Out of Service".
1074:Standard Air Lines Flight 897R
752:. 21 December 1949. p. 4.
538:, later claimed that both the
284:. The airline operated mostly
262:British South American Airways
225:British South American Airways
103:British South American Airways
1:
1652:1955 Shackleton disappearance
769:. 20 January 1949. p. 4.
714:. 24 January 1949. p. 3.
697:. 20 January 1949. p. 4.
1134:American Airlines Flight 157
1114:Eastern Air Lines Flight 537
1054:Strato-Freight Curtiss C-46A
1024:Queensland Airlines Lodestar
615:"Captain John Clutha McPhee"
489:Chief Inspector of Accidents
446:Chief Inspector of Accidents
399:. She had earlier landed at
356:Royal New Zealand Air Force
229:disappeared without a trace
1820:
1769:1940s missing person cases
1647:1953 Skyways disappearance
1632:1950 Llandow air disaster
1212:
1153:
991:
691:"Search for Star Ariel".
190:
30:
1582:Accidents and incidents
1084:Manchester DC-3 accident
1014:Exhall mid-air collision
876:Orange, Vincent (1992).
857:Brookes, Andrew (1994).
444:A representative of the
1360:Airborne Transport DC-3
933:Aviation Safety network
842:. Australian Aviation.
1667:1959 Air Charter crash
83:Avro 688 Tudor Mark IV
1720:Notable people/groups
1104:Air France Flight 009
903:. Sutton Publishing.
798:. 13 September 2009.
1595:1945 Avro York crash
1498:Airliners/transports
1326:Marine Sulphur Queen
882:. DIANE Publishing.
453:clear air turbulence
1672:1990 Scotland crash
1162:► 1950
1156:1948 ◄
1094:Mexicana DC-3 crash
859:Disaster in the Air
391:The search for the
366:And then at 09:42:
221:Avro Tudor Mark IVB
27:
1662:1958 Dan-Air crash
1248:Carroll A. Deering
1159:
1044:Aeroflot Flight 17
415:and including the
89:Aircraft name
79:Aircraft type
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1144:Sabena DC-3 Crash
910:978-0-7509-4448-9
672:. 19 January 1949
646:. 19 January 1949
526:Avro Lancastrians
417:aircraft carriers
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1544:Notable aircraft
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849:1-875671-48-X
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60:Disappearance
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26:disappearance
25:
19:
1732:Roy Chadwick
1711:Preservation
1624:
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1564:
1559:G for George
1557:
1550:
1530:Super Trader
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1288: (AC-9)
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1234: (AC-4)
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804:. Retrieved
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747:
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729:. Retrieved
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674:. Retrieved
669:
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648:. Retrieved
643:
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622:. Retrieved
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405:Star Ariel's
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397:Star Panther
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380:
378:
365:
347:
346:
333:
328:suffered an
325:
317:
313:
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294:Lancastrians
266:World War II
260:
245:
216:
214:registration
208:
207:
206:
198:
111:Registration
92:
23:
18:
1505:Lancastrian
806:14 November
532:Don Bennett
483:Conclusions
302:West Indies
128:Destination
1763:Categories
1694:In fiction
1682:Shackleton
1625:Star Ariel
1611:Star Tiger
1515:Lincolnian
1489:Shackleton
1463:Manchester
1397:Star Ariel
1381:Star Tiger
1002:Star Ariel
927:Star Ariel
829:. London:
819:References
593:Star Tiger
570:Star Ariel
548:Star Tiger
544:Star Ariel
540:Star Tiger
536:Star Tiger
461:Star Ariel
393:Star Ariel
381:Star Ariel
348:Star Ariel
334:Star Ariel
318:Star Ariel
314:Star Ariel
288:aircraft:
257:Background
246:Star Tiger
209:Star Ariel
199:Star Ariel
158:Fatalities
142:Passengers
93:Star Ariel
24:Star Ariel
1706:Operators
1602:Star Dust
1468:Lancaster
1448:Lancaster
1346:Flight 19
1307:USS
1284:USS
1230:USS
1207:incidents
766:The Times
749:The Times
711:The Times
694:The Times
584:Star Dust
561:Star Girl
519:Aftermath
422:Kearsarge
410:USS
326:Star Lion
231:over the
219:) was an
174:Survivors
1604:accident
1324:SS
1270:Cotopaxi
1268:SS
800:Archived
731:19 March
676:19 March
650:19 March
624:19 March
586:accident
576:See also
412:Missouri
338:Kingston
253:legend.
237:Kingston
166:Injuries
132:Kingston
99:Operator
74:Aircraft
43:Accident
1741:Related
1677:Lincoln
1473:Lincoln
1456:Bombers
1286:Proteus
1232:Cyclops
1202:List of
980: (
978:in 1949
559:G-AKBY
342:Jamaica
241:Jamaica
136:Jamaica
123:Bermuda
56:Summary
1699:Ashton
1576:Topics
1535:Ashton
1525:Trader
1482:Patrol
1309:Nereus
1140:Dec 18
1130:Nov 29
1120:Nov 20
1100:Oct 28
1090:Sep 26
1080:Aug 19
1070:Jul 12
1040:May 13
1020:Mar 10
1010:Feb 19
996:Jan 17
907:
886:
865:
846:
503:, MA,
401:Nassau
387:Search
308:Flight
298:Tudors
278:London
217:G-AGRE
115:G-AGRE
105:(BSAA)
1623:1949
1609:1948
1600:1947
1588:PA278
1586:1945
1566:PA474
1552:FM213
1520:Tudor
1395:BSAA
1392:1949:
1379:BSAA
1376:1948:
1357:1948:
1343:1945:
1321:1963:
1304:1941:
1281:1941:
1265:1925:
1244:1921:
1227:1918:
1110:Nov 1
1060:Jul 2
1050:Jun 7
1030:May 4
1000:BSAA
670:Trove
644:Trove
601:Notes
591:BSAA
582:BSAA
505:FRAeS
429:Leyte
290:Yorks
272:(now
22:BSAA
1687:York
1510:York
1445:Avro
982:1949
905:ISBN
884:ISBN
863:ISBN
844:ISBN
831:HMSO
808:2023
733:2016
678:2016
652:2016
626:2016
542:and
427:USS
425:and
420:USS
375:Loss
312:The
296:and
286:Avro
150:Crew
66:Site
48:Date
501:OBE
476:QSY
280:'s
1765::
787:^
775:^
668:.
642:.
617:.
528:.
499:,
497:CB
491:,
344:.
340:,
292:,
239:,
161:20
145:13
134:,
1437:e
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1194:e
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967:e
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953:v
913:.
892:.
871:.
852:.
833:.
810:.
735:.
680:.
654:.
628:.
212:(
177:0
169:0
153:7
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
