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The autograph manuscript of BWV 582 is currently considered lost; the work, as is typical for pieces by Bach and his contemporaries, is known only through a number of copies. There is some evidence that the original was notated in
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377:, BuxWV 159. Numerous attempts have been made to figure out an overarching symmetrical structure of the work, but scholars have yet to agree on a single interpretation. Particularly important attempts were made by
453:. The first half of the passacaglia ostinato is used as the first subject; a transformed version of the second half is used as the second subject. Both are heard simultaneously in the beginning of the fugue. A
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594:
In
Stokowski's orchestral transcription the whole of the coda is slow and fortissimo without the possibility of a final massive rallentando. He made six commercial recordings of it between 1928 and 1972.
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enters immediately afterwards and is then used throughout the piece. When the three subjects appear simultaneously, they never do so in the same combination of voices twice; this therefore is a
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BWV 582 was the first Bach organ work that
Stokowski orchestrated, in 1922. Reference: pages 146, 147. Smith, Rollin. Stokowski and the Organ. Pendragon Press. Hillsdale, NY. 2004.
392:. Some scholars have speculated that there is a symbolic component to the structure of the work: for instance, Martin Radulescu argues that BWV 582/1 is "in the form of a cross".
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566:(symphonic wind ensemble) and for the Eastman Trombone Choir (trombone octet). In 2009, the work was transcribed for string quartet by Nicholas Kitchen for performance by the
558:
in 2005. In 2006, the passacaglia was transcribed for handbells by Kevin McChesney and recorded by Cast of Bronze from Dallas, Texas. The passacaglia was also transcribed by
1940:
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176:. It is not known precisely when Bach composed the work, but the available sources point to the period between 1706 and 1713. It is possible that BWV 582 was composed in
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2003:
395:
There is agreement among most scholars that the
Passacaglia builds up until its climax in variation twelve. This is followed by three quiet variations, forming a short
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However, some scholars dispute Raison's influence. Bach's work shares some features with north German ostinato works, most notably
Buxtehude's two chaconnes (
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155:. Presumably composed early in Bach's career, it is one of his most important and well-known works, and an important influence on 19th- and 20th-century
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Bars 96–120, ornamented figure similar to that in "Christ lag in
Todesbanden" accompanies theme in the soprano then moving successively to alto and bass
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with no accompaniment from the manuals, is slightly more unusual, although this idea also occurs elsewhere, and may even have been used by
Buxtehude.
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Alain also points out that the numbers (21 repetitions of the
Passacaglia ground and 12 statements of the fugue subjects) are inversions.
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suggested that the 21 variations are broken down into 7 groups of 3 similar variations, each opening with a quotation from a
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The ostinato of Bach's passacaglia is shown in the center; the corresponding theme from Raison's works are shown above (
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is not identical to Bach's theme, it shares with it a similar construction and the same fall of a fifth at the end.
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described the variations of the passacaglia as "intertwined so ingeniously that one can never cease to be amazed."
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https://web.archive.org/web/20170615132000/http://www.stokowski.org/1929%20Electrical%20Recordings%20Stokowski.htm
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and loop pedal on his album 'Primitivo' in 1998 and has performed this piece on stage on several occasions.
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of BWV 582 with analysis by Smith, Parsons, and performance by James
Pressler (Shockwave Player required)
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Bars 144–168 "Ascending intervals in bass recall the Easter chorale "Erstanden ist der heil'ge Christ".
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211:. It is possible that the second half of the ostinato was also taken from Raison, the bass line of
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1087:, vol. 14. Erato, 1993. Cat. 4509-96747-2. (Originally in French, translated by Stewart Spencer.)
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major ("St. Anne"), BWV 552, Chorale preludes, BWV 669–689, Duets, BWV 802–805
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1127:"Chapter four: The variation principle in J. S. Bach's Passacaglia in C minor BWV 582"
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Bars 8–12, the top part spells out the opening notes of "Nun komm' der Heiden
Heiland"
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Bars 72–96, recalling the "star" motif from "Herr Christ, der Ein'ge Gottes-Sohn"
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There are 20 variations in BWV 582/1. The first begins with a typical C minor
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148:
865:
The New Bach Reader: A Life of Johann
Sebastian Bach in Letters and Documents
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Bars 49–72, the scales are a reference to "Vom Himmel kam der Engel Schar"
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486:) and the time between the statements increases from 1–3 bars to 7–13.
17:
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Canonic Variations on "Vom Himmel hoch da komm' ich her", BWV 769
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In 1993, the Passacaglia only (arranged by Bert Lams) was recorded by
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on the 1724–30 Trost organ in the Stadtkirche, Waltershausen, Germany
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tracker organ, Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Toronto, Canada (1984)
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International Festival Youth Orchestra, Cala Records CACD0551 (1969)
789:, Schnitger organ van de Martinikerk te Groningen, Ricercar (2008)
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554:. A transcription for viol consort was recorded by the UK group
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Bach arranged Stokowski: Passacaglia & Fugue (recorded 1929)
344:, which is typical of the form. Bach's ostinato comprises eight
1322:
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The Robert Fripp String Quintet – The Bridge Between (1993, CD)
258:'s chaconnes in several variations and the overall structure.
144:
29:
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On the form of Johann Sebastian Bach's Passacaglia in c minor
721:, Sauer organ, St. Peter, Waltrop, Deutsche Grammophon (1991)
577:'s group The Robert Fripp String Quintet in the studio album
273:
943:
Williams, 185; includes the Spitta quotation and reference.
627:, organ, Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University (1958)
468:
As the fugue progresses, Bach ventures into major keys (
773:, The Great Organ At Methuen, Telarc (2002; orig. 1980)
399:, and then the remaining five variations end the work.
621:, Ammer pedal harpsichord (1937/1941), Philips, (1956)
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and for piano by numerous composer/pianists including
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The passacaglia has been transcribed for orchestra by
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1215:
Wolff, Christoph (2001). "Johann Sebastian Bach". In
709:, organ Basilika Ottobeuren, Novalis/Brilliant (1989)
1970:
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795:, Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall Organ, Japan (2008)
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One of the manuscript copies of BWV 582, first page
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1439:Eight Short Preludes and Fugues, BWV 553–560
449:The passacaglia is followed, without break, by a
1997:Concerto transcriptions, BWV 592–596 and 972–987
1414:Fantasia and Fugue in G minor ("Great"), BWV 542
1404:Toccata and Fugue in D minor ("Dorian"), BWV 538
667:, pedal harpsichord, Columbia Masterworks (1968)
587:released his re-arrangement of Passacaglia for
1897:Capriccio on the departure of a beloved brother
1467:Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566
1434:Prelude and Fugue in E minor ("Wedge"), BWV 548
1226:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1159:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1102:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
903:
901:
882:
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360:, which consists of the ostinato stated in the
1472:Fantasia ("Pièce d'Orgue") in G major, BWV 572
1148:Silbiger, Alexander (2001). "Passacaglia". In
1133:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–69.
739:, Colin Booth pedal harpsichord, Priory (1995)
703:, on the Trost-Organ in Waltershausen, Germany
2034:List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
1453:Toccata, Adagio and Fugue in C major, BWV 564
1334:
1091:Butler, H. Joseph (2001). "André Raison". In
828:List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
715:, organ Stadtkirche Zofingen, Hyperion (1990)
219:of the same publication is very similar. See
8:
2039:List of fugal works by Johann Sebastian Bach
733:, organ Grote Kerk, Maassluis, Teldec (1994)
681:-Orgel (recorded in 1978 – released in 1980)
352:of the same length is used, for example, in
1202:Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician
610:, His Master's Voice D 1702 – D 1703 (1931)
425:spells out "Von Gott will ich nicht lassen"
69:"Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582"
2044:List of concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach
1341:
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727:, organ Stiftskirche Grauhof, Erato (1994)
348:, which is unusual but not unheard of: an
1482:Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582
1375:Fugue in G minor, BWV 131a
1282:Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582
1277:International Music Score Library Project
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2061:
843:
1836:Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906
1448:Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 562
1399:Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 537
783:ballroom, www.signumrecords.com (2007)
316:
1602:Overture in the French style, BWV 831
1563:English Suites, BWV 806–811
1558:Inventions and Sinfonias, BWV 772–801
1458:Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565
1429:Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546
1424:Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544
1419:Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543
1409:Toccata and Fugue in F major, BWV 540
1394:Prelude and Fugue in D major, BWV 532
1389:Prelude and Fugue in C major, BWV 531
7:
1568:French Suites, BWV 812–817
1477:Fugue in G minor ("Little"), BWV 578
1187:. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
859:Hans Theodore David, Arthur Mendel,
191:The first half of the passacaglia's
58:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Organ piece by Johann Sebastian Bach
1540:Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält
1890:Aria variata alla maniera italiana
1611:Well-Tempered Clavier, BWV 846–893
974:, The Organ Yearbook 1980: 95–103.
604:Leopold Stokowski (orchestration)
546:. It has also been arranged for a
254:, and there is clear influence of
25:
1204:. Oxford University Press, 2000.
2064:
1273:Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor
1083:– sleeve notes for CD recording
812:
659:Church of Our Savior, Copenhagen
317:Problems playing this file? See
289:
223:for Bach's and Raison's themes.
141:Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor
34:
2097:Fugues by Johann Sebastian Bach
1941:Prelude, Fugue and Allegro in E
1841:Toccatas, BWV 910–916
1573:Partitas, BWV 825–830
1509:Great Eighteen Chorale Preludes
45:needs additional citations for
1129:. In Daniel R. Melamed (ed.).
550:by Neil Balm and performed by
180:soon after Bach's return from
1:
1185:The Organ Music of J. S. Bach
1125:Kobayashi, Yoshitake (2006).
530:(in a version for 2 pianos),
1830:Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue
1304:from the All of Bach Project
1267:interactive hypermedia study
477:– relative to C minor – and
232:Christe: Trio en passacaille
201:Christe: Trio en passacaille
1954:Prelude in C minor, BWV 999
1487:Concertos, BWV 592–597
867:, 503. W. W. Norton, 1998.
765:Pacific Lutheran University
637:, Archiv Produktion, (1962)
414:written at a similar time:
410:, treated similarly to the
402:Bach performer and scholar
184:(where he may have studied
2113:
2004:KlavierbĂĽchlein W. F. Bach
1961:Fugue in G minor, BWV 1000
1861:Harpsichord solo concertos
1085:Bach: Complete Organ Works
799:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
645:Bach Live at Fillmore East
635:St. Laurenskerk in Alkmaar
356:'s organ passacaglia. The
2029:
1934:Suite in C minor, BWV 997
1919:Suite in E minor, BWV 996
1914:Suite in G minor, BWV 995
801:Brass, CSO Resound (2011)
651:), Command Records (1963)
236:Christe: Trio en chaconne
213:Christe: Trio en chaconne
1984:: Prelude and Fugue in E
1518:Sei gegrĂĽĂźet, Jesu gĂĽtig
1256:Free download of BWV 582
1229:(2nd ed.). London:
1162:(2nd ed.). London:
1105:(2nd ed.). London:
767:, Loft Recordings (2000)
2092:Compositions in C minor
1849:, BWV 933–938
753:, Odense, Nimbus (1998)
568:Borromeo String Quartet
461:, possibly inspired by
252:passacaglia (BuxWV 161)
2087:Compositions for organ
2019:Twelve Little Preludes
1291:Performance of BWV 582
820:Classical music portal
608:Philadelphia Orchestra
326:The passacaglia is in
278:
243:
137:
1360:Johann Sebastian Bach
564:Eastman Wind Ensemble
383:Siegfried Vogelsänger
277:
229:
209:Premier livre d'orgue
205:Messe du deuxieme ton
153:Johann Sebastian Bach
135:
1533:, BWV 1090–1120
1384:Sonatas, BWV 525–530
1231:Macmillan Publishers
1164:Macmillan Publishers
1107:Macmillan Publishers
463:Johann Adam Reincken
358:opening of the piece
217:Messe du sixieme ton
188:'s ostinato works).
54:improve this article
2011:Notebook A. M. Bach
1867:Goldberg Variations
1847:Six Little Preludes
1531:Neumeister chorales
1081:Alain, Marie-Claire
713:Christopher Herrick
375:Chaconne in C minor
250:159 and 160) and a
1511:, BWV 651–668
1503:, BWV 645–650
1495:, BWV 599–644
1349:Compositions for
1182:Williams, Peter F.
1061:(in Italian), 1993
970:Martin Radulescu.
787:Bernard Foccroulle
725:Marie-Claire Alain
675:Freiberg Cathedral
599:Notable recordings
579:The Bridge Between
552:The Canadian Brass
404:Marie-Claire Alain
279:
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1982:Clavier-Ăśbung III
1927:
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1819:No. 24 in B minor
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1773:No. 12 in F minor
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1681:No. 16 in G minor
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1674:No. 10 in E minor
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1538:Chorale fantasia
1501:SchĂĽbler Chorales
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1355:keyboard and lute
1240:978-1-56159-239-5
1173:978-1-56159-239-5
1116:978-1-56159-239-5
781:Buckingham Palace
751:Saint Hans Church
649:Avery Fisher Hall
560:Donald Hunsberger
536:Krystian Zimerman
500:Ottorino Respighi
496:Leopold Stokowski
459:permutation fugue
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520:Eugen d'Albert
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490:Transcriptions
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1265:Tim Smith's
1260:James Kibbie
1258:recorded by
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1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1033:"media shop"
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1001:Wolff, 97–8.
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983:Alain, 1993.
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743:Kevin Bowyer
671:Karl Richter
644:
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575:Robert Fripp
572:
516:Tomasz Golka
493:
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451:double fugue
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190:
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157:passacaglias
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1973:collections
1874:discography
1806:No. 22 in B
1793:No. 18 in G
1780:No. 13 in F
1701:No. 22 in B
1688:No. 21 in B
1298: [
1022:reference 3
1018:, cited at
793:Ton Koopman
779:, organ of
761:Paul Fritts
731:Ton Koopman
707:Ton Koopman
695:André Isoir
657:, organ at
633:, organ at
386: [
308:White House
267:Passacaglia
147:582) is an
2081:Categories
1746:No. 4 in C
1733:No. 3 in C
1661:No. 7 in E
1648:No. 4 in C
1635:No. 3 in C
1542:, BWV 1128
1462:(doubtful)
1443:(doubtful)
1379:(doubtful)
1065:2022-01-02
1042:2020-11-14
992:Wolff, 97.
895:Wolff, 94.
834:References
679:Silbermann
641:Virgil Fox
465:'s works.
397:intermezzo
319:media help
80:newspapers
1520:, BWV 768
747:Marcussen
643:, organ,
532:Fazıl Say
528:Max Reger
423:cantilena
256:Pachelbel
221:Example 1
186:Buxtehude
151:piece by
1987:♭
1944:♭
1809:♭
1796:♯
1783:♯
1749:♯
1736:♯
1704:♭
1691:♭
1664:♭
1651:♯
1638:♯
1551:Keyboard
1223:(eds.).
1156:(eds.).
1099:(eds.).
806:See also
677:, GroĂźe
673:, organ
562:for the
556:Fretwork
482:♭
473:♭
350:ostinato
262:Analysis
193:ostinato
178:Arnstadt
1925:Bourrée
1714:Book 2
1616:Book 1
1314:YouTube
1284:at the
1075:Sources
306:in the
285:BWV 582
207:of the
167:History
94:scholar
18:BWV 582
2057:Portal
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749:organ
370:affekt
182:LĂĽbeck
96:
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67:
1971:Mixed
1812:minor
1799:minor
1786:major
1752:minor
1739:major
1707:minor
1694:major
1667:major
1654:minor
1641:major
1593:No. 6
1586:No. 4
1579:No. 2
1368:Organ
1351:organ
1302:]
839:Notes
445:Fugue
390:]
362:pedal
302:on a
248:BuxWV
203:from
149:organ
101:JSTOR
87:books
1907:Lute
1235:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1012:ISBN
869:ISBN
542:and
514:and
381:and
346:bars
342:time
73:news
1357:by
1312:on
1293:by
570:.
215:of
145:BWV
56:by
2083::
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479:B
470:E
335:4
321:.
143:(
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108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
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20:)
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