856:, then find and follow a route to a desired sequence of destinations, and then an exit. In case of disorientation, orienteering skills are important to determine the current location and formulate a route to somewhere more desirable. At their most basic, navigation skills allow one to choose the correct sequence of trails to follow. In situations where a trail or clear line-of-sight to the desired destination is not present, navigation and orienteering allow the backpacker to understand the terrain and wilderness around them and, using their tools and practices, select the appropriate direction to hike. Weather (rain, fog, snow), terrain (hilly, rock faces, dense forest), and hiker experience can all impact and increase the challenges to navigation in the wilderness.
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615:, and low mass and volume deliver the most utility. Taste and satisfaction are issues that are of varying importance to individual hikers, as they consider whether it is worth the effort (and trade-off against other gear) to carry fresh, heavy, or luxury food items. The shorter the trip and easier the conditions the more feasible such treats become.
923:
153:. This can include food, water, bedding, shelter, clothing, stove, and cooking kit. Given that backpackers must carry their gear, the total weight of their bag and its contents is a primary concern of backpackers. Backpacking trips range from one night to weeks or months, sometimes aided by planned resupply points, drops, or caches.
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space in order to retain warm air. Construction is simplified by building on a steep slope and digging slightly upwards and horizontally into the snow. The roof is domed to prevent dripping on the occupants. Adequate snow depth, free of rocks and ice, is needed — generally 4 to 5 ft (1.2 to 1.5 m) is sufficient. A
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Some people seek out lighter equipment for long-distance hikes, as it is easier to carry, reduces physical strain, and allows for ease of long distance travel. Ultralight gear has become increasingly more commonly used in past years as it reduces the strain on the hiker. Specialist ultralight gear is
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A differential exists between a man running in comparison to a man walking while carrying a backpack. A 175-pound (79 kg) man running, without a backpack, loads his knees with 1,400 pounds (640 kg) of stress per stride. The same person, carrying a 30-pound (14 kg) pack, loads his knees
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A weighted carry from backpacking taxes muscles. A weighted load stresses the shoulders, delts, back, abs, obliques, hips, quads, hamstrings and the knees. Humans can carry weight under 50 pounds (23 kg) in a safe manner, and a weighted carry is as beneficial for the cardiovascular system as a
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where needed. Winter sleeping bags and tents are essential, as are waterproof, water-repellent, and moisture dissipating materials. Cotton clothing retains moisture and chills the body, both particularly dangerous in cold weather. Winter backpackers stick to wool or synthetic fabric like nylon or
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and is effective both at providing protection from wind and low temperatures. A properly made snow cave can be 0 °C (32 °F) or warmer inside, even when outside temperatures are −40 °C (−40 °F). It is constructed by excavating snow so that its entrance tunnel is below the main
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Specialized cookbooks are available on trailside food and the challenges inherent in making it. Some focus on planning meals and preparing ingredients for short trips; others on the challenges of organizing and preparing meals revolving around the bulk rationing prevalent in extended trail hikes,
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is critical to successful backpacking. Depending on conditions - which include weather, terrain, load, and the hiker's age and fitness - a backpacker may drink 2 to 8 litres (1/2 to 2 gallons), or more, per day. At 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) per 1 litre (1.1 US qt) water is exceptionally
634:, chocolate, and other energy-dense foods. Coffee, tea, and cocoa are common beverages. Package food in plastic bags while avoiding heavier jars and cans. Dehydrators are popular for drying fruit, jerky, and pre-cooked meals.
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polypropylene, which hold less moisture and often have specialized wicking properties to dissipate sweat generated during aerobic activities. Layering is essential, as wet clothes quickly sap body heat and can lead to
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Some backpackers consume dried foods, including many common household foods such as cereal, oatmeal, powdered milk, cheese, crackers, sausage, salami, dried fruit, peanut butter, pasta and rice. Popular snacks include
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is equivalent in
Britain (but this can also refer to a day walk), though backpackers make use of a variety of accommodation, in addition to camping. Backpackers use simple huts in South Africa.
1446:- The Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics is an educational, nonprofit organization dedicated to the responsible enjoyment and active stewardship of the outdoors by all people, worldwide.
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Backpacking is energy intensive. It is essential to bring enough food to maintain both energy and health. The weight of food is an important issue to consider. Consequently, items with high
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In some regions, varying forms of accommodation exist, from simple log lean-to's to staffed facilities offering escalating degrees of service. Beds, meals, and even drinks may be had at
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272:, which are simple hostels provided for walkers and cyclists. There are some simple shelters and occasional mountain hut also provided in North America, including on the
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866:, punctures, sprains) is considered by many a fundamental backcountry skill. More subtle, but maybe even more important, is recognizing and promptly treating
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heavy. It is impossible to carry more than a few days' supply. Therefore, hikers often drink natural water supplies, sometimes after filtering or purifying.
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can provide peace of mind and may make the difference between life and death when the weather, terrain, or environment turns unexpectedly for the worse.
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Backpacking camps are usually more spartan than campsites where gear is transported by car or boat. In areas with heavy backpacker traffic, a hike-in
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scattered among well-traveled
European mountains. Backpackers there can walk from hut-to-hut without leaving the mountains, while in places like the
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Backpacking gear depends on the terrain and climate, and on a hiker's plans for shelter (refuges, huts, gites, camping, etc.). It may include:
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1008:. A sleeping bag is carried and other essential backpacking items, and often a tent or similar shelter, if places to stay are not available.
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widely available, but can be expensive. Materials can include carbon fiber, lightweight alloys, specialty plastics, and impregnated fabrics.
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and information about the trail and area. Many hike-in camps are no more than level patches of ground free of underbrush. In remote
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is similar, but constructed by tunneling into mounded snow rather than by digging into a natural snow formation.
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Winter backpacking requires a higher level of skill and generally more specialized gear than in other seasons.
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of appropriate size. Backpacks can include frameless, external frame, internal frame, and bodypack styles.
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892:: To have beautiful and pristine places to enjoy, help make them. At a minimum, do not make them worse.
280:. Long-distance backpacking trails with huts also exist in South Africa, including the 100 km plus
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precooked entrees for hot meals, quickly reconstituted by adding boiling water. An alternative is
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food, which has its moisture retained and merely needs heating with a special, water-activated
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1135:"Travel or hike carrying one's belongings in a backpack: a week's backpacking in the
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exist to provide simple (free) accommodation for backpackers. On the French system of
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Outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back, while hiking for more than a day
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and lightweight cooking pots are common. Campfires are sometimes prohibited.
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In many cases, heat, fuel and utensils are used. Small liquid or gas-fueled
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areas hikers must choose their own site. Established camps are rare and the
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Carrying loads appears to have differentiated humans from other animals.
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outdoors. In North
America, tenting is common, where simple shelters and
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2016:
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86:, widely found in Europe, are rare. In New Zealand, hiking is called
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for more than a day. It is often an extended journey and may involve
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light run, and for exercise, a weighted carry helps avoid injuries.
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during a journey that can last months. It is, however, similar to
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Water may be stored in bottles or collapsible plastic bladders.
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Some hikers will treat water before drinking to protect against
254:
In the more remote parts of Great
Britain, especially Scotland,
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1770:
1766:
1503:
1281:
Hiking and
Backpacking: Essential Skills, Equipment, and Safety
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is the outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back while
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Preserves and protects hiking trails and the hiking experience
1004:. It is a multi-day adventure that usually takes places along
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90:, and tents are used alongside a nationwide network of huts.
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Food and a means to prepare it (stove, utensils, pot, etc.).
1374:"Hike Fast, Sleep Hard: Are You Ready to Try Fastpacking?"
102:
are other words used to describe such multi-day trips.
1443:
1230:
Zurick, Pacheco; J.Shrestha; Bajracharya, B. (2006).
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Clothing and footwear appropriate for the conditions.
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2009:
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1900:
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1411:"Run, don't walk: mastering the art of fastpacking"
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Treatment with chemicals such as chlorine or iodine
1213:"How Rucking Can Benefit Your Running Performance"
276:. Another example is the High Sierra Camps in the
174:with 555 pounds (252 kg) of stress per step.
1164:
1162:
665:A backpacker's modern lightweight dome tent near
575:Baking oatcakes on a gas-fueled backpacking stove
1328:"When Storms Rage (or how to build a snow cave)"
1206:
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882:, as these are rarely encountered in daily life.
653:particularly those with pre-planned food drops.
482:Filtering (often used with chemical treatments)
34:"Trekking" redirects here. For other uses, see
1782:
1515:
288:Province. Backpacking is also popular in the
8:
603:Cooking in the outdoors using a heated stone
862:: effectively dealing with minor injuries (
792:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
711:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
539:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
342:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
243:in England hill-walkers descend to stay in
109:is a different activity, which mainly uses
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1156:. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1999.
966:. It has thermal properties similar to an
942:may be required to traverse deep snow, or
992:is a recreational activity that combines
812:Learn how and when to remove this message
731:Learn how and when to remove this message
559:Learn how and when to remove this message
362:Learn how and when to remove this message
1139:, he has backpacked around the world" (
1462:
1128:
962:A winter bivouac can also be made in a
472:. The chief treatment methods include:
828:A bear-resistant food storage canister
643:Ultra High Temperature (UHT) processed
2275:International Orienteering Federation
1154:The Dictionary of New Zealand English
292:(often called trekking there), where
49:mountains, in the Polish part of the
7:
1890:Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area
790:adding citations to reliable sources
709:adding citations to reliable sources
537:adding citations to reliable sources
340:adding citations to reliable sources
2579:
888:is the backpacker's version of the
410:A shelter such as a tent, tarp or
14:
1409:Kinsella, Patrick (May 5, 2017).
1233:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
630:, easily prepared at home; nuts,
434:with nested canteen cup and cover
209:, a wooden bulletin board with a
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1482:
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1880:Amateur radio direction finding
1211:Easter, Michael (11 May 2021).
417:Water containers and purifiers.
1278:Logue, Victoria (2013-03-01).
1141:New Oxford American Dictionary
1022:Torres del Paine National Park
1:
1350:"Fastpacking: What, and Why?"
1258:"Comparisons and Conversions"
834:Hazards of outdoor recreation
2454:North American Championships
186:The Pocosin cabin along the
29:Backpacking (disambiguation)
1814:List of orienteering events
1395:Ad Crable, "Running wild",
1330:. Enviro-Tech International
1306:"Quinzee (aka - Snow Cave)"
444:portable water purification
149:where gear is carried in a
2631:
2526:Mountain bike orienteering
2172:WinOL / WinOL II Oriantica
1848:Mountain bike orienteering
1348:Siber, Kate (2009-08-06).
1020:Expedition cycle touring,
982:
911:
898:is a skill of last resort.
831:
742:
584:
578:
497:are increasingly popular.
437:
373:
268:, backpackers can stay in
33:
18:
2564:
1804:
62:Grand Teton National Park
36:Trekking (disambiguation)
2477:Kainuu Orienteering Week
1260:. pp. 2nd paragraph
1236:. India Research Press.
1067:Backpacking with animals
1000:, and, on steep slopes,
448:solar water disinfection
205:(where permissible), an
192:Shenandoah National Park
2482:Jan Kjellström Festival
2367:Scoutcraft orienteering
2130:OpenOrienteering Mapper
1809:History of orienteering
1438:American Hiking Society
1284:. Menasha Ridge Press.
852:are useful to find the
397:Sleep system such as a
2437:European Championships
2167:Suunnistussimulaattori
1665:Ultralight backpacking
1048:Ultralight backpacking
1025:
994:ultralight backpacking
931:
829:
745:Ultralight backpacking
674:
604:
576:
435:
278:Yosemite National Park
194:
68:
53:
2268:Organisations / lists
1454:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
1019:
983:Further information:
925:
912:Further information:
827:
664:
602:
574:
429:
185:
107:as a method of travel
59:
44:
2070:Satellite navigation
1923:Mounted orienteering
1570:Backpacking (hiking)
1565:Backpacking (travel)
1555:Adventure recreation
1030:Backpacking (travel)
1006:long distance trails
786:improve this section
705:improve this section
671:Tasmanian Wilderness
533:improve this section
336:improve this section
260:long distance trails
51:Carpathian Mountains
19:For other uses, see
2552:World Championships
2534:World Championships
2502:World Championships
2399:World Championships
2350:Location-based game
1964:Transmitter hunting
1550:Adjectival tourisms
1170:"Trail Development"
1087:Long distance trail
1054:Wilderness survival
462:waterborne diseases
440:wilderness diarrhea
60:Backpacking in the
45:Backpacking in the
2544:Trail orienteering
2292:List of orienteers
2205:cardinal direction
1908:Canoe orienteering
1858:Trail orienteering
1545:Accessible tourism
1386:, August 27, 2018.
1379:2021-01-23 at the
1308:. AlphaRubicon.com
1026:
932:
908:Winter backpacking
903:Related activities
896:Distress signaling
830:
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495:Hydration bladders
436:
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147:outdoor recreation
145:Backpacking is an
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2391:Foot orienteering
2318:Non-sport related
2162:Catching Features
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2147:
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2082:
1972:
1971:
1918:Mountain marathon
1843:Foot orienteering
1823:Sport disciplines
1764:
1763:
1670:Urban exploration
1397:Lancaster New Era
1291:978-0-89732-866-1
822:
821:
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754:Skills and safety
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740:
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657:Ultralight-hiking
647:chemical reaction
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372:
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274:Appalachian Trail
265:Grande Randonnées
188:Appalachian trail
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2494:Ski orienteering
2417:
2410:
2403:
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2325:Adventure travel
2193:orienteering map
2094:
1981:
1944:Adventure racing
1913:Car orienteering
1853:Ski orienteering
1827:
1791:
1784:
1777:
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1680:Wildlife tourism
1675:Volunteer travel
1585:Cultural tourism
1531:Adventure travel
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1399:, June 18, 1993.
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1217:runnersworld.com
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1172:. Archived from
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1082:Hiking equipment
1036:Adventure travel
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637:Many hikers use
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376:Hiking equipment
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300:are often used.
247:, farmhouses or
165:Fitness benefits
111:public transport
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2257:mountain biking
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2005:
1968:
1932:
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1731:Nude recreation
1716:Mountain biking
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1595:Extreme tourism
1575:Bicycle touring
1533:
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1494:from Wikivoyage
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1457:sister projects
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1381:Wayback Machine
1372:Clint Cherepa,
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485:Treatment with
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241:Yorkshire Dales
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119:bicycle touring
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1444:Leave No Trace
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1432:External links
1430:
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1354:Runner's World
1340:
1326:Gerke, Randy.
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1152:H. W. Orsman,
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1107:Ten essentials
1104:
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1097:Nordic walking
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1092:Mountaineering
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270:gîtes d'étapes
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178:Accommodations
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1991:Control point
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1491:Travel guides
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1415:Lonely Planet
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771:This section
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518:This section
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405:Survival gear
403:
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387:
383:
382:
381:
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366:
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321:This section
319:
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301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Amatola Trail
279:
275:
271:
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261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
245:youth hostels
242:
238:
237:Lake District
234:
231:
226:
225:" when gone.
224:
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216:
212:
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204:
201:might have a
200:
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129:camping, and
128:
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97:
93:
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84:mountain huts
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
58:
52:
48:
43:
37:
30:
26:
22:
2458:Open events
2383:Competitions
2215:route choice
2181:Fundamentals
1954:Fell running
1901:Other sports
1798:Orienteering
1751:Scuba diving
1711:Hang gliding
1650:Slum tourism
1569:
1489:
1477:from Commons
1472:
1451:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1384:Outdoors.org
1383:
1368:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:
1343:
1332:. Retrieved
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1300:
1280:
1273:
1262:. Retrieved
1252:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:the original
1153:
1148:
1140:
1131:
1111:Survival kit
988:
961:
933:
850:orienteering
808:
799:
784:Please help
772:
748:
727:
718:
703:Please help
691:
651:
639:freeze-dried
636:
624:
617:
606:
581:Camping food
555:
546:
531:Please help
519:
492:
459:
451:
412:bivouac sack
399:sleeping bag
379:
358:
349:
334:Please help
322:
298:pack animals
286:Eastern Cape
269:
263:
253:
249:guest houses
227:
196:
172:
168:
160:
144:
131:trail riding
105:Backpacking
104:
95:
92:Hill walking
71:
70:
47:Beskid Niski
2605:Backpacking
2584:WikiProject
2432:World Games
2154:Video games
2123:Open-source
2097:Proprietary
2065:Backpacking
1736:Paragliding
1630:Overlanding
1615:Hitchhiking
1560:Agritourism
1452:Backpacking
1042:Thru-hiking
990:Fastpacking
985:Fastpacking
979:Fastpacking
957:hypothermia
930:in Germany.
918:Snowshoeing
914:Ski touring
890:golden rule
876:dehydration
872:heat stroke
868:hypothermia
802:August 2022
721:August 2022
632:energy bars
609:food energy
549:August 2022
487:ultraviolet
464:carried by
352:August 2022
115:bikepacking
100:bushwalking
72:Backpacking
2610:Scoutcraft
2599:Categories
2447:University
2419:University
2372:wilderness
2355:geocaching
2302:innovators
2297:by country
2220:wayfinding
2200:Navigation
2135:Purple Pen
2058:Exceptions
2027:protractor
1959:Relay race
1756:Zip-lining
1706:Geohashing
1701:Geocaching
1689:Activities
1590:Ecotourism
1420:2023-01-02
1359:2023-01-02
1334:2007-01-30
1312:2007-01-30
1264:2009-05-08
1180:2013-12-13
1123:References
846:Navigation
667:Mount Anne
620:campstoves
613:shelf life
585:See also:
438:See also:
401:and a pad.
215:wilderness
141:Definition
135:saddlebags
2516:World Cup
2427:World Cup
2360:poker run
2210:resection
1977:Equipment
1928:Rogaining
1885:Fox Oring
1640:Rogaining
964:snow cave
953:frostbite
940:snowshoes
926:A winter
864:splinters
860:First aid
854:trailhead
773:does not
692:does not
628:trail mix
587:Nutrition
520:does not
454:hydration
430:Military
323:does not
304:Equipment
290:Himalayas
284:, in the
203:fire ring
2574:Category
2462:O-Ringen
2335:Climbing
2225:waypoint
2089:Software
2049:Headlamp
2010:Personal
1872:governed
1835:governed
1726:Naturism
1696:Climbing
1655:Tramping
1625:Kloofing
1605:Glamping
1377:Archived
1137:Pyrenees
1102:Rambling
1060:See also
973:quinzhee
944:crampons
470:protozoa
466:bacteria
386:backpack
207:outhouse
199:campsite
157:Research
151:backpack
96:Trekking
88:tramping
2472:Tiomila
2412:Masters
2345:Hunting
2280:members
2247:walking
2242:running
2075:Whistle
2044:Gaiters
2017:Compass
1937:Related
1741:Rafting
1580:Camping
1077:Camping
998:running
948:ice axe
946:and an
928:bivouac
880:hypoxia
794:removed
779:sources
713:removed
698:sources
611:, long
541:removed
526:sources
476:Boiling
452:Proper
432:canteen
344:removed
329:sources
294:porters
256:bothies
221:is to "
133:, with
80:camping
66:Wyoming
25:Camping
2615:Hiking
2508:Junior
2467:Jukola
2405:Junior
2340:Hiking
2252:skiing
2237:hiking
2232:Racing
2109:Condes
1996:Course
1660:Travel
1645:Safari
1635:Picnic
1610:Hiking
1288:
1240:
1002:hiking
593:, and
446:, and
230:Alpine
76:hiking
27:, and
21:Hiking
2442:Youth
2032:thumb
1984:Event
1538:Types
1474:Media
1012:Other
996:with
968:igloo
669:in a
489:light
422:Water
219:ethos
127:kayak
123:canoe
2140:MeOS
2104:OCAD
2022:hand
1868:IARU
1286:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1109:and
936:Skis
916:and
878:and
848:and
777:any
775:cite
696:any
694:cite
673:area
524:any
522:cite
501:Food
468:and
327:any
325:cite
296:and
233:huts
125:and
98:and
2188:Map
2001:Map
1831:IOF
955:or
938:or
788:by
707:by
535:by
338:by
239:or
211:map
190:in
2601::
1413:.
1352:.
1215:.
1189:^
1161:^
1143:).
959:.
874:,
870:,
649:.
589:,
442:,
384:A
262:,
137:.
121:,
117:,
64:,
23:,
1870:-
1833:-
1790:e
1783:t
1776:v
1523:e
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1460::
1423:.
1362:.
1337:.
1315:.
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1219:.
1183:.
1024:.
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809:(
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728:(
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719:(
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556:(
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547:(
543:.
529:.
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407:.
365:)
359:(
354:)
350:(
346:.
332:.
38:.
31:.
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