740:
151:
574:
388:
589:
126:
559:
354:
is generally straight and may be either smooth or with sinuous striae or ribbing that typically slant dorso-ventrally forward. The aperture likewise slopes to the front and has a sinuous margin. The venter is narrowly rounded to acute while the dorsum is more broad. The juvenile shell, found at the
785:
fossils are very brittle and almost always break. They are most commonly found broken in half or several pieces, usually along suture lines. Individual chambers found this way are sometimes referred to as "stone buffaloes" (due to their shapes), though the Native-American attribution typically
440:
period, which can be shown to have had a horizontal orientation. In spite of this, some researchers have concluded that
Baculites lived in a vertical orientation, head hanging straight down, since lacking an apical counterweight, movement was largely restricted to that direction. More recent
1298:
419:
with slanted striations or ribbing, similarly slanted aperture, and more narrowly rounded to acute keel-like venter points to its having had a horizontal orientation in life as an adult. This same type of cross section is found in much earlier
518:
cephalopods. Both are long and tubular in form, and both are common items for sale in rock shops (often under each other's names). Both lineages evidently evolved the tubular form independently, and at different times in earth history. The
370:, the shell consisted of a series of camerae, or chambers, that were connected to the animal by a narrow tube called a siphuncle by which gas content and thereby buoyancy could be regulated in the same manner as
786:
given as part of the story behind the name is likely apocryphal. The
Blackfoot have oral traditions that tell a story of the Iniskimm (Buffalo Calling Stone). They are still in use today by Indigenous peoples.
461:
are common, and they are thought to have lived in great shoals. However, they are not known to occur so densely as to be rock-forming, as do certain other extinct, straight-shelled cephalopods (e.g.,
1358:
W. A. Cobban and Hook, S. C. 1983 Mid-Cretaceous (Turonian) ammonite fauna from Fence Lake area of west-central New Mexico. Memoir 41, New Mexico Bureau of Mines&Mineral
Resources, Socorro NM.
546:
only). The two types of fossils can be distinguished by many features, most obvious among which is the suture line: it is simple in orthocerid nautiloids and intricately folded in
1516:
866:
Landman, Neil H.; Goolaerts, Stijn; Jagt, John W.M.; Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.; Machalski, Marcin (2015), Klug, Christian; Korn, Dieter; De Baets, Kenneth; Kruta, Isabelle (eds.),
1521:
1026:
986:
376:
does today. The chambers are separated by walls called septa. The line where each septum meets the outer shell is called the suture or suture line. Like other true
1447:
1771:
1365:(Mantell) ammonite fauna from Upper Cretaceous of Western Interior, United States. Memoir 37, New Mexico Bureau of Mines&Mineral Resources, Socorro NM.
1571:
934:
Kruta, I.; Landman, N.; Rouget, I.; Cecca, F.; Tafforeau, P. (2011). "The Role of
Ammonites in the Mesozoic Marine Food Web Revealed by Jaw Preservation".
595:
from the Late
Cretaceous of Wyoming. The original aragonite of the outer conch and inner septa has dissolved away, leaving this articulated internal mold.
1526:
330:
1561:
1551:
1434:
1576:
1230:
1766:
1761:
1746:
1352:
1276:"Description of the fossil shells which characterize the Atlantic Secondary Formation of New Jersey and Delaware; including four new species"
1003:
887:
868:"Ammonites on the Brink of Extinction: Diversity, Abundance, and Ecology of the Order Ammonoidea at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) Boundary"
407:
is that the males may have been a third to a half the size of the females and may have had much lighter ribbing on the surface of the shell.
396:
1541:
1681:
771:
1566:
1556:
1511:
1741:
1546:
1531:
1736:
1706:
457:
inhabited the middle part of the water column, not too close to either the bottom or surface of the ocean. In some rock deposits
849:
Meek, F. B. (1876): A report on the invertebrate
Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country. In Hayden,F. V.
1686:
1536:
1143:
1751:
1721:
1676:
1586:
805:
1009:
1776:
1756:
1646:
1596:
1591:
1075:
1726:
1696:
1691:
1641:
1626:
1606:
1601:
1104:
1731:
1716:
1701:
1671:
1666:
1636:
1616:
1611:
1581:
1501:
355:
apex, is coiled in one or two whorls and described as minute, about 1 centimetre (0.39 in) in diameter. Adult
150:
1711:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1631:
1621:
1126:
763:
920:
Westermann, G. E. G. (1996). Ammonoid life and habitat. In N. H. Landman, K. Tanabe, and R. A. Davis (editors),
633:
The lower part of the
Campanian stage (Upper Cretaceous) in the Western Interior of North America has yielded
1299:"Rediscovery of the holotype of the extinct cephalopod Baculites ovatus Say, 1820 after nearly two centuries"
1506:
1374:
1473:
816:, in 1831, the specimen was lost for 180 years until it was rediscovered at Haines's home, the historic
334:
264:
1222:
739:
943:
809:
725:
1275:
988:
Cephalopods. Present and Past: New
Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Chapter 13: Jaws and Radula of
721:
569:, Late Cretaceous. Part of the phragmocone (left) and part of the body chamber (right) are present.
326:
1252:
1165:
812:, who published an etching in 1828. After the death of the specimen's owner, the Quaker scientist
1326:
1020:
967:
801:
748:
145:
1478:
384:
have intricate suture patterns on their shells that can be used to identify different species.
1460:
1452:
1421:
1318:
999:
959:
883:
813:
609:
1465:
1310:
1173:
951:
907:
Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de (1799): Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles.
875:
767:
759:
372:
573:
322:
1412:
1253:"Observations on some species of Zoophytes, Shells, &c. principally fossil (part 2)"
947:
387:
231:
1495:
1330:
1041:
971:
432:
426:
321:
with almost straight shells. The genus, which lived worldwide throughout most of the
75:
588:
125:
1151:
566:
273:
1426:
879:
1406:
481:
473:
421:
244:
50:
17:
1397:
1063:
867:
817:
797:
539:
520:
512:
504:
462:
437:
377:
367:
318:
315:
218:
205:
192:
112:
95:
60:
1322:
1200:
1178:
955:
661:. The upper part of the upper Campanian has yielded, from older to younger,
581:
527:
523:
515:
485:
465:
162:
116:
100:
44:
1355:
Part L. Geological Soc. of
America, Univ of Kansas Press. R.C. Moore, (Ed)
1096:
963:
874:, Topics in Geobiology, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 497–553,
724:. Findings in Denmark and the Netherlands suggest the species survived the
1391:
1314:
508:
182:
90:
85:
70:
65:
55:
441:
research, notably by Gerd
Westermann, has reaffirmed that at least some
1439:
1042:"An Early Cretaceous orthocerid cephalopod from North-Western Caucasus"
736:
is also known from Europe, although only from the Upper Maastrichtian.
699:
is known from the Campanian of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and
105:
80:
1118:
558:
729:
543:
531:
489:
469:
172:
1368:
738:
587:
572:
557:
386:
137:
136:
fossils from South Dakota. Some still have traces of the original
851:
Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories
468:). Studies on exceptionally preserved specimens have revealed a
445:
species in fact lived in a more or less horizontal orientation.
1372:
1303:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
1201:"Ammonieten uit het Laat-Krijt en Vroeg-Paleogeen van Limburg"
985:
Neil H. Landman, Richard Arnold Davis, Royal H. Mapes (2007).
720:
is from the upper Maastrichtian and Danian, and is one of the
511:
cephalopods are often confused with the superficially similar
872:
Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography
1280:
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
1097:"Ammonite Zones (International Stratigraphy Standards)"
359:
ranged in size from about 7 centimetres (2.8 in) (
992:
from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of North America
681:, followed sequentially in the lower Maastrictian by
280:
1381:
453:From shell isotope studies, it is thought that
840:. The author; Deterville, Paris, vii + 432 pp.
565:specimen in the field; western South Dakota,
526:mostly lived much earlier (common during the
8:
1517:Late Cretaceous cephalopods of North America
1025:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
796:described in the Americas, was described by
758:is known from the Maastrichtian deposits of
1369:
363:) up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) in length.
124:
31:
1177:
1257:The American Journal of Science and Arts
808:. The specimen was later illustrated by
800:in 1820 from a single specimen from the
584:; western South Dakota, Late Cretaceous.
1522:Late Cretaceous genus first appearances
1233:from the original on September 22, 2023
829:
1078:from the original on February 13, 2024
1018:
924:, pp. 607–707. New York: Plenum Press.
836:Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de (1801):
1353:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
1138:
1136:
1107:from the original on October 4, 2023.
624:, from the upper Turonian of Europe.
484:(as suggested by remains of a larval
397:North American Museum of Ancient Life
7:
1363:Collignoniceras woollgari wooollgari
861:
859:
703:from the Upper Campanian of Europe.
530:Era, possibly going extinct in the
1772:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1361:W. A. Cobban and Hook, S. C. 1979,
314:is an extinct genus of heteromorph
1572:Paleozoic life of British Columbia
1227:earthphysicsteaching.homestead.com
1129:from the original on June 5, 2023.
838:Systeme des Animaux sans vertebres
751:in Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey.
476:imagery. The results suggest that
25:
1527:Late Cretaceous genus extinctions
1040:Doguzhaeva, Larisa (1994-01-01).
728:, albeit being restricted to the
772:Prince George's County, Maryland
391:A fossil cast of the shell of a
149:
1562:Paleozoic life of South America
1552:Paleozoic life of North America
1199:W. M. Jagt, John (2012-01-01).
1577:Paleozoic life of Saskatchewan
1351:, 1957, Mesozoic Ammonoidea,
1274:Morton, Samuel George (1828).
998:. Springer. pp. 257–298.
806:Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey
722:very last species of ammonites
653:, followed temporally by late
1:
1767:Cephalopods described in 1799
1762:Fossil taxa described in 1799
1101:North American Research Group
820:, in 2017 by Matthew Halley.
608:is known from the Cenomanian
290:Lamarck, 1801 vide Meek, 1876
1747:Fossils of the United States
880:10.1007/978-94-017-9633-0_19
580:showing sutures and remnant
1542:Paleozoic life of Australia
1297:Halley, Matthew R. (2019).
1166:"Bulletin Volume 52 – 2005"
853:, 9, lxiv + 629 pp., 45 pis
1793:
1682:Fossils of the Netherlands
726:K-Pg mass extinction event
403:One notable feature about
331:K-Pg mass extinction event
27:Genus of molluscs (fossil)
1567:Paleozoic life of Alberta
1557:Paleozoic life of Oceania
1512:Late Cretaceous ammonites
1172:(in Danish). 2005-05-25.
1119:"Baculitidae (Gill 1871)"
909:Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.Paris
764:McNairy County, Tennessee
300:
295:
279:
272:
146:Scientific classification
144:
132:
123:
34:
1742:Fossils of Great Britain
1547:Paleozoic life of Europe
1532:Paleozoic life of Africa
1179:10.37570/bgsd-2005-52-08
1170:Dansk Geologisk Forening
415:The shell morphology of
1737:Fossils of Turkmenistan
1707:Fossils of South Africa
1144:"Baculitidae GILL 1871"
956:10.1126/science.1198793
792:, the first species of
550:and related ammonoids.
1687:Fossils of New Zealand
1537:Paleozoic life of Asia
1223:"Mesozoic_Cephalopods"
1015:on September 12, 2013.
752:
701:Baculites leopoliensis
596:
585:
570:
400:
1752:Fossils of Uzbekistan
1722:Fossils of Tajikistan
1677:Fossils of Mozambique
1587:Fossils of Antarctica
1474:Paleobiology Database
1205:Grondboor & Hamer
1072:crioceratites.free.fr
922:Ammonoid Paleobiology
778:Cultural significance
742:
718:Baculites vertebralis
591:
576:
561:
390:
285:Baculites vertebralis
1777:Cretaceous Argentina
1757:Fossils of Venezuela
1647:Fossils of Greenland
1597:Fossils of Australia
1592:Fossils of Argentina
1315:10.1635/053.167.0101
1251:Say, Thomas (1820).
810:Samuel George Morton
554:Species distribution
496:Convergent evolution
325:, and which briefly
1066:Baculites undulatus
948:2011Sci...331...70K
747:Say, 1820 from the
697:Baculites pacificum
655:Baculites perplexus
622:Baculites undulatus
492:inside the mouth).
350:The adult shell of
1727:Fossils of Tunisia
1697:Fossils of Romania
1692:Fossils of Nigeria
1642:Fossils of Germany
1627:Fossils of Denmark
1607:Fossils of Belgium
1602:Fossils of Austria
802:Navesink Formation
753:
749:Navesink Formation
716:The type species,
635:Baculites gilberti
606:Baculites gracilis
597:
586:
571:
401:
395:on display at the
1732:Fossils of Turkey
1717:Fossils of Sweden
1702:Fossils of Russia
1672:Fossils of Mexico
1667:Fossils of Jordan
1637:Fossils of France
1617:Fossils of Canada
1612:Fossils of Brazil
1582:Fossils of Angola
1502:Ammonitida genera
1489:
1488:
1461:Open Tree of Life
1375:Taxon identifiers
1005:978-1-4020-6806-5
889:978-94-017-9633-0
814:Reuben Haines III
683:Baculites baculus
610:Britton Formation
393:Baculites grandis
361:Baculites larsoni
307:
306:
268:
16:(Redirected from
1784:
1712:Fossils of Spain
1662:Fossils of Japan
1657:Fossils of India
1652:Fossils of Haiti
1632:Fossils of Egypt
1622:Fossils of Chile
1482:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1370:
1335:
1334:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1154:on May 27, 2022.
1150:. Archived from
1148:www.ammonites.fr
1140:
1131:
1130:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1068:d'Orbigny, 1847"
1060:
1054:
1053:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1008:. Archived from
997:
982:
976:
975:
931:
925:
918:
912:
911:, (1799), 63-90.
905:
899:
898:
897:
896:
863:
854:
847:
841:
834:
790:Baculites ovatus
768:Severn Formation
760:Ripley Formation
756:Baculites ovatus
745:Baculites ovatus
734:Baculites anceps
659:Baculites scotti
532:Early Cretaceous
282:
263:
256:
243:
230:
217:
204:
154:
153:
128:
110:
47:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Baculites haresi
1792:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1377:
1344:
1342:Further reading
1339:
1338:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1017:
1012:
1006:
995:
984:
983:
979:
942:(6013): 70–72.
933:
932:
928:
919:
915:
906:
902:
894:
892:
890:
865:
864:
857:
848:
844:
835:
831:
826:
780:
691:B. clinolobatis
643:B. asperiformis
556:
498:
480:fed on pelagic
451:
413:
348:
343:
333:, was named by
323:Late Cretaceous
291:
288:
262:
254:
241:
228:
215:
202:
148:
119:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1403:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1289:
1266:
1243:
1214:
1191:
1157:
1132:
1110:
1088:
1055:
1032:
1004:
977:
926:
913:
900:
888:
855:
842:
828:
827:
825:
822:
779:
776:
555:
552:
497:
494:
488:and a pelagic
450:
447:
412:
409:
399:in Lehi, Utah.
366:As with other
347:
344:
342:
339:
305:
304:
298:
297:
293:
292:
289:
277:
276:
270:
269:
252:
248:
247:
239:
235:
234:
232:Ancyloceratina
226:
222:
221:
213:
209:
208:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
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160:
156:
155:
142:
141:
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104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
48:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1789:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Turrilitoidea
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1211:(1): 154–183.
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
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1046:Palaeontology
1043:
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707:Maastrichtian
704:
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698:
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688:
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672:
668:
664:
663:B. compressus
660:
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648:
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631:
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623:
619:
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433:Clitendoceras
429:
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427:Bassleroceras
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1235:. Retrieved
1226:
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1169:
1160:
1152:the original
1147:
1122:
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1100:
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1080:. Retrieved
1071:
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1049:
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1010:the original
991:
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980:
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916:
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903:
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871:
850:
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789:
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782:
781:
755:
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744:
743:Holotype of
733:
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695:
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682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:and then by
654:
650:
647:B. maclearni
646:
642:
639:B. perplexus
638:
634:
632:
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
614:
605:
604:
599:
598:
592:
577:
567:Pierre Shale
562:
547:
535:
503:and related
500:
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381:
371:
365:
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351:
349:
310:
309:
308:
301:
284:
283:
274:Type species
258:
257:
133:
35:
29:
1407:Wikispecies
1123:Jdsamonites
671:B. reesidei
667:B. coneatus
482:zooplankton
474:synchrotron
411:Orientation
319:cephalopods
245:Baculitidae
193:Cephalopoda
43:96–65
1496:Categories
1309:(1): 1–9.
1237:2024-02-13
1185:2024-02-13
1082:2024-02-13
1052:: 889–899.
895:2024-02-13
824:References
818:Wyck House
798:Thomas Say
687:B. grandis
675:B. jenseni
651:B. obtusus
600:Cenomanian
540:Cretaceous
524:nautiloids
521:orthocerid
513:orthocerid
505:Cretaceous
466:nautiloids
463:orthocerid
438:Ordovician
422:nautiloids
225:Suborder:
219:Ammonitida
206:Ammonoidea
199:Subclass:
140:(shells).
113:Cretaceous
1413:Baculites
1383:Baculites
1331:164642352
1323:0097-3157
1021:cite book
990:Baculites
972:206530342
794:Baculites
783:Baculites
679:B. ellasi
628:Campanian
593:Baculites
582:aragonite
578:Baculites
563:Baculites
548:Baculites
536:Baculites
528:Paleozoic
516:nautiloid
507:straight
501:Baculites
486:gastropod
478:Baculites
459:Baculites
455:Baculites
443:Baculites
436:from the
417:Baculites
405:Baculites
382:Baculites
378:ammonites
368:ammonites
357:Baculites
352:Baculites
337:in 1799.
311:Baculites
302:See text
259:Baculites
169:Kingdom:
163:Eukaryota
134:Baculites
117:Paleocene
115:to Lower
36:Baculites
1398:Q1061311
1392:Wikidata
1286:: 72–90.
1263:: 34–45.
1231:Archived
1127:Archived
1105:Archived
1076:Archived
964:21212354
637:, early
616:Turonian
509:ammonite
424:such as
373:Nautilus
327:survived
316:ammonite
296:Species
238:Family:
183:Mollusca
179:Phylum:
173:Animalia
159:Domain:
1466:5440857
1453:1299057
1440:7793367
1347:Arkell
944:Bibcode
936:Science
534:) than
449:Ecology
335:Lamarck
265:Lamarck
251:Genus:
212:Order:
189:Class:
1349:et al.
1329:
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962:
886:
766:, and
730:Danian
711:Danian
689:, and
677:, and
649:, and
544:Danian
538:(Late
490:isopod
470:radula
267:, 1799
111:Upper
1479:14603
1448:IRMNG
1327:S2CID
1013:(PDF)
996:(PDF)
968:S2CID
138:nacre
1435:GBIF
1427:376L
1319:ISSN
1027:link
1000:ISBN
960:PMID
884:ISBN
430:and
341:Life
329:the
51:PreꞒ
1422:CoL
1311:doi
1307:167
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281:†
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242:†
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216:†
203:†
106:N
96:K
91:J
86:T
81:P
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