729:
140:
563:
377:
578:
115:
548:
343:
is generally straight and may be either smooth or with sinuous striae or ribbing that typically slant dorso-ventrally forward. The aperture likewise slopes to the front and has a sinuous margin. The venter is narrowly rounded to acute while the dorsum is more broad. The juvenile shell, found at the
774:
fossils are very brittle and almost always break. They are most commonly found broken in half or several pieces, usually along suture lines. Individual chambers found this way are sometimes referred to as "stone buffaloes" (due to their shapes), though the Native-American attribution typically
429:
period, which can be shown to have had a horizontal orientation. In spite of this, some researchers have concluded that
Baculites lived in a vertical orientation, head hanging straight down, since lacking an apical counterweight, movement was largely restricted to that direction. More recent
1287:
408:
with slanted striations or ribbing, similarly slanted aperture, and more narrowly rounded to acute keel-like venter points to its having had a horizontal orientation in life as an adult. This same type of cross section is found in much earlier
507:
cephalopods. Both are long and tubular in form, and both are common items for sale in rock shops (often under each other's names). Both lineages evidently evolved the tubular form independently, and at different times in earth history. The
359:, the shell consisted of a series of camerae, or chambers, that were connected to the animal by a narrow tube called a siphuncle by which gas content and thereby buoyancy could be regulated in the same manner as
775:
given as part of the story behind the name is likely apocryphal. The
Blackfoot have oral traditions that tell a story of the Iniskimm (Buffalo Calling Stone). They are still in use today by Indigenous peoples.
450:
are common, and they are thought to have lived in great shoals. However, they are not known to occur so densely as to be rock-forming, as do certain other extinct, straight-shelled cephalopods (e.g.,
1347:
W. A. Cobban and Hook, S. C. 1983 Mid-Cretaceous (Turonian) ammonite fauna from Fence Lake area of west-central New Mexico. Memoir 41, New Mexico Bureau of Mines&Mineral
Resources, Socorro NM.
535:
only). The two types of fossils can be distinguished by many features, most obvious among which is the suture line: it is simple in orthocerid nautiloids and intricately folded in
1505:
855:
Landman, Neil H.; Goolaerts, Stijn; Jagt, John W.M.; Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.; Machalski, Marcin (2015), Klug, Christian; Korn, Dieter; De Baets, Kenneth; Kruta, Isabelle (eds.),
1510:
1015:
975:
365:
does today. The chambers are separated by walls called septa. The line where each septum meets the outer shell is called the suture or suture line. Like other true
1436:
1760:
1354:(Mantell) ammonite fauna from Upper Cretaceous of Western Interior, United States. Memoir 37, New Mexico Bureau of Mines&Mineral Resources, Socorro NM.
1560:
923:
Kruta, I.; Landman, N.; Rouget, I.; Cecca, F.; Tafforeau, P. (2011). "The Role of
Ammonites in the Mesozoic Marine Food Web Revealed by Jaw Preservation".
584:
from the Late
Cretaceous of Wyoming. The original aragonite of the outer conch and inner septa has dissolved away, leaving this articulated internal mold.
1515:
319:
1550:
1540:
1423:
1565:
1219:
1755:
1750:
1735:
1341:
1265:"Description of the fossil shells which characterize the Atlantic Secondary Formation of New Jersey and Delaware; including four new species"
992:
876:
857:"Ammonites on the Brink of Extinction: Diversity, Abundance, and Ecology of the Order Ammonoidea at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) Boundary"
396:
is that the males may have been a third to a half the size of the females and may have had much lighter ribbing on the surface of the shell.
385:
1530:
1670:
760:
1555:
1545:
1500:
1730:
1535:
1520:
1725:
1695:
446:
inhabited the middle part of the water column, not too close to either the bottom or surface of the ocean. In some rock deposits
838:
Meek, F. B. (1876): A report on the invertebrate
Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country. In Hayden,F. V.
1675:
1525:
1132:
1740:
1710:
1665:
1575:
794:
998:
1765:
1745:
1635:
1585:
1580:
1064:
1715:
1685:
1680:
1630:
1615:
1595:
1590:
1093:
1720:
1705:
1690:
1660:
1655:
1625:
1605:
1600:
1570:
1490:
344:
apex, is coiled in one or two whorls and described as minute, about 1 centimetre (0.39 in) in diameter. Adult
139:
1700:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1620:
1610:
1115:
752:
909:
Westermann, G. E. G. (1996). Ammonoid life and habitat. In N. H. Landman, K. Tanabe, and R. A. Davis (editors),
622:
The lower part of the
Campanian stage (Upper Cretaceous) in the Western Interior of North America has yielded
1288:"Rediscovery of the holotype of the extinct cephalopod Baculites ovatus Say, 1820 after nearly two centuries"
1495:
1363:
1462:
805:, in 1831, the specimen was lost for 180 years until it was rediscovered at Haines's home, the historic
323:
253:
1211:
728:
932:
798:
714:
1264:
977:
Cephalopods. Present and Past: New
Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Chapter 13: Jaws and Radula of
710:
558:, Late Cretaceous. Part of the phragmocone (left) and part of the body chamber (right) are present.
315:
1241:
1154:
801:, who published an etching in 1828. After the death of the specimen's owner, the Quaker scientist
1315:
1009:
956:
790:
737:
134:
1467:
373:
have intricate suture patterns on their shells that can be used to identify different species.
1449:
1441:
1410:
1307:
988:
948:
872:
802:
598:
1454:
1299:
1162:
940:
896:
Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de (1799): Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles.
864:
756:
748:
361:
562:
311:
1401:
1242:"Observations on some species of Zoophytes, Shells, &c. principally fossil (part 2)"
936:
376:
220:
1484:
1319:
1030:
960:
421:
415:
310:
with almost straight shells. The genus, which lived worldwide throughout most of the
64:
577:
114:
1140:
555:
262:
1415:
868:
1395:
470:
462:
410:
233:
39:
1386:
1052:
856:
806:
786:
528:
509:
501:
493:
451:
426:
366:
356:
307:
304:
207:
194:
181:
101:
84:
49:
1311:
1189:
1167:
944:
650:. The upper part of the upper Campanian has yielded, from older to younger,
570:
516:
512:
504:
474:
454:
151:
105:
89:
33:
1344:
Part L. Geological Soc. of
America, Univ of Kansas Press. R.C. Moore, (Ed)
1085:
952:
863:, Topics in Geobiology, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 497–553,
713:. Findings in Denmark and the Netherlands suggest the species survived the
1380:
1303:
497:
171:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
430:
research, notably by Gerd
Westermann, has reaffirmed that at least some
1428:
1031:"An Early Cretaceous orthocerid cephalopod from North-Western Caucasus"
725:
is also known from Europe, although only from the Upper Maastrichtian.
688:
is known from the Campanian of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and
94:
69:
1107:
547:
718:
532:
520:
478:
458:
161:
1357:
727:
576:
561:
546:
375:
126:
125:
fossils from South Dakota. Some still have traces of the original
840:
Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories
457:). Studies on exceptionally preserved specimens have revealed a
434:
species in fact lived in a more or less horizontal orientation.
1361:
1292:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
1190:"Ammonieten uit het Laat-Krijt en Vroeg-Paleogeen van Limburg"
974:
Neil H. Landman, Richard Arnold Davis, Royal H. Mapes (2007).
709:
is from the upper Maastrichtian and Danian, and is one of the
500:
cephalopods are often confused with the superficially similar
861:
Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography
1269:
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
1086:"Ammonite Zones (International Stratigraphy Standards)"
348:
ranged in size from about 7 centimetres (2.8 in) (
981:
from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of North America
670:, followed sequentially in the lower Maastrictian by
269:
1370:
442:From shell isotope studies, it is thought that
829:. The author; Deterville, Paris, vii + 432 pp.
554:specimen in the field; western South Dakota,
515:mostly lived much earlier (common during the
8:
1506:Late Cretaceous cephalopods of North America
1014:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
785:described in the Americas, was described by
747:is known from the Maastrichtian deposits of
1358:
352:) up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) in length.
113:
20:
1166:
1246:The American Journal of Science and Arts
797:. The specimen was later illustrated by
789:in 1820 from a single specimen from the
573:; western South Dakota, Late Cretaceous.
1511:Late Cretaceous genus first appearances
1222:from the original on September 22, 2023
818:
1067:from the original on February 13, 2024
1007:
913:, pp. 607–707. New York: Plenum Press.
825:Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de (1801):
1342:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
1127:
1125:
1096:from the original on October 4, 2023.
613:, from the upper Turonian of Europe.
473:(as suggested by remains of a larval
386:North American Museum of Ancient Life
7:
1352:Collignoniceras woollgari wooollgari
850:
848:
692:from the Upper Campanian of Europe.
519:Era, possibly going extinct in the
1761:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1350:W. A. Cobban and Hook, S. C. 1979,
303:is an extinct genus of heteromorph
1561:Paleozoic life of British Columbia
1216:earthphysicsteaching.homestead.com
1118:from the original on June 5, 2023.
827:Systeme des Animaux sans vertebres
740:in Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey.
465:imagery. The results suggest that
14:
1516:Late Cretaceous genus extinctions
1029:Doguzhaeva, Larisa (1994-01-01).
717:, albeit being restricted to the
761:Prince George's County, Maryland
380:A fossil cast of the shell of a
138:
1551:Paleozoic life of South America
1541:Paleozoic life of North America
1188:W. M. Jagt, John (2012-01-01).
1566:Paleozoic life of Saskatchewan
1340:, 1957, Mesozoic Ammonoidea,
1263:Morton, Samuel George (1828).
987:. Springer. pp. 257–298.
795:Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey
711:very last species of ammonites
642:, followed temporally by late
1:
1756:Cephalopods described in 1799
1751:Fossil taxa described in 1799
1090:North American Research Group
809:, in 2017 by Matthew Halley.
597:is known from the Cenomanian
279:Lamarck, 1801 vide Meek, 1876
1736:Fossils of the United States
869:10.1007/978-94-017-9633-0_19
569:showing sutures and remnant
1531:Paleozoic life of Australia
1286:Halley, Matthew R. (2019).
1155:"Bulletin Volume 52 – 2005"
842:, 9, lxiv + 629 pp., 45 pis
1784:
1671:Fossils of the Netherlands
715:K-Pg mass extinction event
392:One notable feature about
320:K-Pg mass extinction event
16:Genus of molluscs (fossil)
1556:Paleozoic life of Alberta
1546:Paleozoic life of Oceania
1501:Late Cretaceous ammonites
1161:(in Danish). 2005-05-25.
1108:"Baculitidae (Gill 1871)"
898:Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.Paris
753:McNairy County, Tennessee
289:
284:
268:
261:
135:Scientific classification
133:
121:
112:
23:
1731:Fossils of Great Britain
1536:Paleozoic life of Europe
1521:Paleozoic life of Africa
1168:10.37570/bgsd-2005-52-08
1159:Dansk Geologisk Forening
404:The shell morphology of
1726:Fossils of Turkmenistan
1696:Fossils of South Africa
1133:"Baculitidae GILL 1871"
945:10.1126/science.1198793
781:, the first species of
539:and related ammonoids.
1676:Fossils of New Zealand
1526:Paleozoic life of Asia
1212:"Mesozoic_Cephalopods"
1004:on September 12, 2013.
741:
690:Baculites leopoliensis
585:
574:
559:
389:
1741:Fossils of Uzbekistan
1711:Fossils of Tajikistan
1666:Fossils of Mozambique
1576:Fossils of Antarctica
1463:Paleobiology Database
1194:Grondboor & Hamer
1061:crioceratites.free.fr
911:Ammonoid Paleobiology
767:Cultural significance
731:
707:Baculites vertebralis
580:
565:
550:
379:
274:Baculites vertebralis
1766:Cretaceous Argentina
1746:Fossils of Venezuela
1636:Fossils of Greenland
1586:Fossils of Australia
1581:Fossils of Argentina
1304:10.1635/053.167.0101
1240:Say, Thomas (1820).
799:Samuel George Morton
543:Species distribution
485:Convergent evolution
314:, and which briefly
1055:Baculites undulatus
937:2011Sci...331...70K
736:Say, 1820 from the
686:Baculites pacificum
644:Baculites perplexus
611:Baculites undulatus
481:inside the mouth).
339:The adult shell of
1716:Fossils of Tunisia
1686:Fossils of Romania
1681:Fossils of Nigeria
1631:Fossils of Germany
1616:Fossils of Denmark
1596:Fossils of Belgium
1591:Fossils of Austria
791:Navesink Formation
742:
738:Navesink Formation
705:The type species,
624:Baculites gilberti
595:Baculites gracilis
586:
575:
560:
390:
384:on display at the
1721:Fossils of Turkey
1706:Fossils of Sweden
1691:Fossils of Russia
1661:Fossils of Mexico
1656:Fossils of Jordan
1626:Fossils of France
1606:Fossils of Canada
1601:Fossils of Brazil
1571:Fossils of Angola
1491:Ammonitida genera
1478:
1477:
1450:Open Tree of Life
1364:Taxon identifiers
994:978-1-4020-6806-5
878:978-94-017-9633-0
803:Reuben Haines III
672:Baculites baculus
599:Britton Formation
382:Baculites grandis
350:Baculites larsoni
296:
295:
257:
1773:
1701:Fossils of Spain
1651:Fossils of Japan
1646:Fossils of India
1641:Fossils of Haiti
1621:Fossils of Egypt
1611:Fossils of Chile
1471:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1432:
1431:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1359:
1324:
1323:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1143:on May 27, 2022.
1139:. Archived from
1137:www.ammonites.fr
1129:
1120:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1057:d'Orbigny, 1847"
1049:
1043:
1042:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1005:
1003:
997:. Archived from
986:
971:
965:
964:
920:
914:
907:
901:
900:, (1799), 63-90.
894:
888:
887:
886:
885:
852:
843:
836:
830:
823:
779:Baculites ovatus
757:Severn Formation
749:Ripley Formation
745:Baculites ovatus
734:Baculites ovatus
723:Baculites anceps
648:Baculites scotti
521:Early Cretaceous
271:
252:
245:
232:
219:
206:
193:
143:
142:
117:
99:
36:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1366:
1333:
1331:Further reading
1328:
1327:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1006:
1001:
995:
984:
973:
972:
968:
931:(6013): 70–72.
922:
921:
917:
908:
904:
895:
891:
883:
881:
879:
854:
853:
846:
837:
833:
824:
820:
815:
769:
680:B. clinolobatis
632:B. asperiformis
545:
487:
469:fed on pelagic
440:
402:
337:
332:
322:, was named by
312:Late Cretaceous
280:
277:
251:
243:
230:
217:
204:
191:
137:
108:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1420:
1407:
1392:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1278:
1255:
1232:
1203:
1180:
1146:
1121:
1099:
1077:
1044:
1021:
993:
966:
915:
902:
889:
877:
844:
831:
817:
816:
814:
811:
768:
765:
544:
541:
486:
483:
477:and a pelagic
439:
436:
401:
398:
388:in Lehi, Utah.
355:As with other
336:
333:
331:
328:
294:
293:
287:
286:
282:
281:
278:
266:
265:
259:
258:
241:
237:
236:
228:
224:
223:
221:Ancyloceratina
215:
211:
210:
202:
198:
197:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
119:
118:
110:
109:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
37:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:Turrilitoidea
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:(1): 154–183.
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1066:
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1058:
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1036:
1035:Palaeontology
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1000:
996:
990:
983:
982:
978:
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967:
962:
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766:
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746:
739:
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726:
724:
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716:
712:
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703:
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697:
696:Maastrichtian
693:
691:
687:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:B. compressus
649:
645:
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637:
633:
629:
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620:
618:
614:
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608:
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428:
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422:Clitendoceras
418:
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416:Bassleroceras
412:
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397:
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387:
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368:
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335:Shell anatomy
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1224:. Retrieved
1215:
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1158:
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1141:the original
1136:
1111:
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1060:
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1038:
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1024:
999:the original
980:
976:
969:
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924:
918:
910:
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897:
892:
882:, retrieved
860:
839:
834:
826:
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782:
778:
777:
771:
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744:
743:
733:
732:Holotype of
722:
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689:
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684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:and then by
643:
639:
636:B. maclearni
635:
631:
628:B. perplexus
627:
623:
621:
616:
615:
610:
609:
604:
603:
594:
593:
588:
587:
581:
566:
556:Pierre Shale
551:
536:
524:
492:and related
489:
488:
466:
447:
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431:
420:
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393:
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381:
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360:
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349:
345:
340:
338:
299:
298:
297:
290:
273:
272:
263:Type species
247:
246:
122:
24:
18:
1396:Wikispecies
1112:Jdsamonites
660:B. reesidei
656:B. coneatus
471:zooplankton
463:synchrotron
400:Orientation
308:cephalopods
234:Baculitidae
182:Cephalopoda
32:96–65
1485:Categories
1298:(1): 1–9.
1226:2024-02-13
1174:2024-02-13
1071:2024-02-13
1041:: 889–899.
884:2024-02-13
813:References
807:Wyck House
787:Thomas Say
676:B. grandis
664:B. jenseni
640:B. obtusus
589:Cenomanian
529:Cretaceous
513:nautiloids
510:orthocerid
502:orthocerid
494:Cretaceous
455:nautiloids
452:orthocerid
427:Ordovician
411:nautiloids
214:Suborder:
208:Ammonitida
195:Ammonoidea
188:Subclass:
129:(shells).
102:Cretaceous
1402:Baculites
1372:Baculites
1320:164642352
1312:0097-3157
1010:cite book
979:Baculites
961:206530342
783:Baculites
772:Baculites
668:B. ellasi
617:Campanian
582:Baculites
571:aragonite
567:Baculites
552:Baculites
537:Baculites
525:Baculites
517:Paleozoic
505:nautiloid
496:straight
490:Baculites
475:gastropod
467:Baculites
448:Baculites
444:Baculites
432:Baculites
425:from the
406:Baculites
394:Baculites
371:Baculites
367:ammonites
357:ammonites
346:Baculites
341:Baculites
326:in 1799.
300:Baculites
291:See text
248:Baculites
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
123:Baculites
106:Paleocene
104:to Lower
25:Baculites
1387:Q1061311
1381:Wikidata
1275:: 72–90.
1252:: 34–45.
1220:Archived
1116:Archived
1094:Archived
1065:Archived
953:21212354
626:, early
605:Turonian
498:ammonite
413:such as
362:Nautilus
316:survived
305:ammonite
285:Species
227:Family:
172:Mollusca
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
1455:5440857
1442:1299057
1429:7793367
1336:Arkell
933:Bibcode
925:Science
523:) than
438:Ecology
324:Lamarck
254:Lamarck
240:Genus:
201:Order:
178:Class:
1338:et al.
1318:
1310:
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959:
951:
875:
755:, and
719:Danian
700:Danian
678:, and
666:, and
638:, and
533:Danian
527:(Late
479:isopod
459:radula
256:, 1799
100:Upper
1468:14603
1437:IRMNG
1316:S2CID
1002:(PDF)
985:(PDF)
957:S2CID
127:nacre
1424:GBIF
1416:376L
1308:ISSN
1016:link
989:ISBN
949:PMID
873:ISBN
419:and
330:Life
318:the
40:PreꞒ
1411:CoL
1300:doi
1296:167
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270:†
244:†
231:†
218:†
205:†
192:†
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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