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producing about 40 fruit/tree with each weighing about 1-1.5 kg, in the greenhouse we produced about 32 kg fruit per square meter in 16 months when planted 0.8 plants per sq. meter, and 25 kg sq. meter after 12 months space at 3 plants sq. meter. Because of the heavy fruit load a support system for the plants was required. Small fruit size can be achieved by growing plants at high densities. Fruit begins to mature with gradual color change from green to yellow and, if harvest is delayed, the fruit stalk will abscise and fruit will drop and bruise. The delicate-skinned fruit is harvested with pruners with a short stalk and handled carefully. In northern climate, ripening begins in
November (March planting), and continues until June. During this period new flowers are set (April–September) and the second crop starts to ripen in November, the plant is cut above the last-formed fruit as flowers senesce in October. After the end of the second season, cropping plants can be cut and rejuvenated from the base or replaced with new plants.
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the apical leaf is kept. The basal area of the stem is mildly injured and dipped in 0.4% IBA rooting powder and planted into suitable rooting media such as peat:perlite:sand and placed under intermittent mist. The cutting can be ready for transplanting within 3 weeks. Top-prunings (to reduce the height of the plant) may also be used as giant cuttings, up to 1.5 meters long, if protected against drying out.
357:
The plant is easy to cultivate under greenhouse conditions (Kempler et al., 1993). Propagation of the plant is achieved by rooting axillary shoots. The opening of axillary buds and subsequent shoot growth is stimulated by removing the apical meristem. The shoots are cut at 15–25 cm long and only
361:
In contrast to the tropical papaya, babaco require a cool subtropical climate. Recommended greenhouse minimum temperature of 10 °C at night, 12 °C during the day, and 18 °C for fruit to ripen quickly and uniformly. Excessively low temperatures cause fruit to mature with rough, pitted
365:
The flowering habit is indeterminate. Under greenhouse conditions, plant growth during winter month (October- March at 49°N) is slow, and flowers senesce and fail to set fruit (Kempler et al., 1993). In
Ecuador, the trees begin cropping 10 months after planting and continue bearing for 6 months,
403:) in being narrower, typically less than 10 cm in diameter. The babaco fruit is seedless and the smooth skin can be eaten, and is said to have tastes of strawberry, papaya, kiwi and pineapple. The fruit is pentagonal in shape, therefore giving it the scientific name of
350:(papaya) but unlike papaya it produces only female flowers. The babaco plant can produce from 30–60 fruits annually, and has an average life span of about eight years. The small plant is better suited as a container specimen than its cousin the
572:
Kempler C., J.T Kabaluk, M. Nelson.1993. Greenhouse cultivation of babaco (Carica x heilbornii
Badillo n.m. pentagona (Heilborn)): Effect of media, container size, stem number, and plant density NZJ of crop and horticultural Science. 1993
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Babaco sweet fruit consumption is of considerable cultural importance in the mountainous regions of Andean countries, specially in
Ecuador. The fruit is commonly eaten in the Ecuadorian Sierra as fruit marmalade, boiled with sugar to make
379:, in juice, or as flavoring of traditional sweets. Boiled babaco texture has been described close to that of boiled apple. The fruit is used mainly in confections, pastry and juices.
517:"Evidence of Natural Hybridization and Introgression between Vasconcellea Species (Caricaceae) from Southern Ecuador Revealed by Chloroplast, Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Markers"
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VAN DROOGENBROECK, B.; KYNDT, T.; ROMEIJN-PEETERS, E.; VAN THUYNE, W.; GOETGHEBEUR, P.; ROMERO-MOTOCHI, J. P.; GHEYSEN, G. (2006-02-24).
476:"Food uses, functional activities, and bioactive compounds of three Ecuadorian Vasconcellea fruits: Bibliometric analysis and review"
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Kempler C., J.T Kabaluk. 1996. Babaco (Carica pentagona Heilb.): A Possible Crop for the
Greenhouse HortScience, V:31:5:785-788.
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Aguirre-RodrĂguez, Adriana; Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Rojas-Le-Fort, Marlene; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (2024-09-01).
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It can grow at high altitudes (over 2,000 m), and is the most cold-tolerant plant in the genus
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Like the papaya, the babaco is grown for its edible fruit and for its
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has also been mentioned as a contributor to the hybrid.
344:. The babaco is classified as a herbaceous shrub like
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407:. The fruit is not especially acidic, but contains
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
613:California Rare Fruit Growers Babaco fact sheet
387:It is a small, unbranched or sparsely branched
415:, which may cause mild irritation or "burns".
8:
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
480:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
606:United States Department of Agriculture
597:Germplasm Resources Information Network
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917:Crops originating from the Americas
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853:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320148-2
708:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:875686-1
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108:Babaco fruit being sold as food
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922:Crops originating from Ecuador
391:reaching 5–8 m tall. The
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602:Agricultural Research Service
309:Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis
316:, "mountain papaya".), and
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493:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101244
695:Vasconcellea x heilbornii
395:differs from the related
306:. It is a hybrid between
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114:Scientific classification
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590:Vasconcellea Ă—heilbornii
329:Vasconcellea weberbaueri
326:, "toronche".) although
32:This article includes a
582:Babaco Carica Pentagona
442:, and somewhat also in
61:more precise citations.
426:, and as far north as
319:Vasconcellea stipulata
16:Hybrid species of tree
927:Tropical agriculture
370:Cultural importance
533:10.1093/aob/mcl038
430:, some regions of
413:proteolytic enzyme
34:list of references
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624:Taxon identifiers
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287:Carica pentagona
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53:Please help
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840:kew-2700929
809:iNaturalist
636:heilbornii
424:New Zealand
420:fruit juice
265:V.M.Badillo
261:V.M.Badillo
193:Brassicales
157:Angiosperms
59:introducing
896:Categories
835:Plant List
486:: 101244.
458:References
428:California
283:heilbornii
203:Caricaceae
67:April 2011
866:100306608
748:Q15589953
721:100306607
640:pentagona
541:1095-8290
502:2666-1543
401:C. papaya
221:Species:
127:Kingdom:
861:Tropicos
827:150158-1
742:Wikidata
716:Tropicos
649:Wikidata
559:16500954
452:Calabria
446:(mostly
436:Guernsey
294:cultivar
289:), is a
227:V.
199:Family:
170:Eudicots
788:3838648
669:3838647
655:Q797560
632:Carica
550:2803430
432:Britain
304:Ecuador
285:; syn.
209:Genus:
189:Order:
131:Plantae
94:Babaco
55:improve
814:430785
682:310758
557:
547:
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500:
448:Sicily
409:papain
397:papaya
362:skin.
352:papaya
336:Growth
322:(syn.
312:(syn.
291:hybrid
275:babaco
183:Rosids
775:CIAPE
444:Italy
393:fruit
302:from
177:Clade
164:Clade
151:Clade
138:Clade
40:, or
848:POWO
822:IPNI
801:9149
796:GRIN
783:GBIF
770:EPPO
762:RCZP
703:POWO
690:PfaF
677:GRIN
664:GBIF
638:var.
555:PMID
537:ISSN
498:ISSN
450:and
411:, a
389:tree
273:The
874:WFO
757:CoL
545:PMC
529:doi
488:doi
454:).
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