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guarded recipe, and would become hard after about six hours. They would be rolled into strips two inches (5.1 cm) in diameter and formed by hand into bagels, boiled in hot water for one minute and then placed to bake in an oven. The finished products were delivered to customers on strings of five dozen bagels. The profession was divided into the bench men, who were responsible for kneading, shaping and boiling the bagels, with the oven men finishing the job.
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month-long strike, workers would receive an additional $ 2 daily in the first year, on top of the $ 25 to $ 26 per day received under the one-year agreement that had just ended. Workers would receive another $ 1 per day in the second year of the contract and a third paid week of vacation, in addition to other benefit changes and the two dozen bagels per day each member was already entitled to receive.
169:, started using the machines in 1962, helping turn the bagel into a readily available commodity. The bagel-making machinery could produce 300 dozen bagels in the time that two men working together could roll 125 dozen. The union ended its independent life in the early 1970s when it merged into a broader baker's union.
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Employers staged a lockout of Local 338 in
February 1967, after they demanded a 40% wage reduction, citing losses incurred by the bagel bakeries due to competition from non-union shops, frozen bagels brought in from outside the area and companies using automated equipment. At the time, Local 338 was
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While a threatened 1956 strike was averted when Local 338 members received an additional $ 6 (equivalent to $ 67 in 2023) in weekly wages, bringing pay to between $ 70 and $ 138 (equivalent to $ 780 to $ 1550 in 2023) per week, a 33-day-long strike in 1957 was ended with further improvements in
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had dropped by as much as 30 to 50%. Murray Nathan, who had successfully resolved a smoked salmon strike in 1948, was brought in by the New York State Board of
Mediation to help get the two sides to meet. Local 338 had settled by late January, but the bagel outage lasted until early February, when
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hardest hit by the closures. Local 338 was seeking a third week of paid vacation and three more paid holidays. Employers countered with an offer of one additional paid holiday and wage increases that could be applied as the union saw fit. In the two-year agreement reached on March 8 to settle the
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The bagels they prepared by hand weighed about 2 to 3 ounces (57 to 85 g), with bagels commonly prepared by the 1990s typically being double that size, or larger. These smaller and denser bagels were made with high-gluten flour, mixed with malt syrup, salt, water and yeast, using a zealously
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By 1960, the local's 350 workers were producing 250,000 bagels each day. For a 37-hour work week, a bench man was paid $ 144 and an oven man $ 150 (equivalent to $ 1480 and $ 1540 in 2023), with opportunities to more than double that in overtime when demand required.
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86:, in which workers worked under difficult conditions for minimal wages. To represent these workers, The International Beigel Bakers Union was established. Local 338 was established by 300 bagel craftsmen who joined together in
503:. " The suit was filed by Local 3 of the Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union of America, and the Bagel Bakers Union Local 338, which subsequently merged, and the three funds."
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willing to consider rollbacks to individual bakeries on a case-by-case basis for those companies that would open their books and demonstrate financial need for the wage cuts.
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called a "bagel famine", with the two remaining bakeries unable to keep up with the 1.2 million weekly demand for the product. As a result of the work stoppage, area
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the Bagel Bakers
Association reached a deal to compensate the drivers who deliver the bagels for the wages lost during the seven-week stoppage.
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Jewish immigrants brought the bagel to the United States at the turn of the 20th century, with hundreds of small bagel bakeries sprouting up in
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A December 1951 labor dispute between Local 338 and the Bagel Bakers
Association closed 32 of the city's bagel bakeries, leading to what
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Local 338 went out on strike in
February 1962, leading to an estimated 85% drop in the bagel supply. Ten bakeries, half in
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National Labor
Relations Board v. Bagel Bakers Council of Greater New York Bagel Bakers Council of Greater New York
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266:"About: Bagels; Some 250,000 of the tooth-cracking breakfast goodies are produced in New York each day."
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The union controlled the market for decades, until the advent of automation in the 1960s, when
Canadian
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At some point between 1970 and 1973, during the time Harry
Rubenstein was President of Local 3 of the
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399:"85% Bagel Drop Is Seen In Strike; Bakeries in Jersey, Nassau and City Are Affected"
342:"Bagel Strike Threat Off; 250 Bakers in City Get a $ 6 Rise, and Their Helpers, $ 5"
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418:"Bagel Pact Reached; Terms for Ending Strike Go to Union for Vote Today"
437:"Bagel Pact Ratified; New Contract Provides Wage Increase of $ 2 a Day"
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salaries and benefits for 350 striking workers at 34 area bakeries.
285:"Bagel Famine Threatens in City; Labor Dispute Puts Hole in Supply"
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361:"Bagel Pact Reached; Strikers Will Vote Today on Return to Work"
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and whose craftsmen were the primary makers of New York's
475:"Bagels Are Now Fast Food, And Purists Do a Slow Boil"
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United States Court of
Appeals for the Second Circuit
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323:"Return of the Bagel Near As Drivers Settle Dispute"
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Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union
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499:, January 9, 1974. Accessed August 6, 2023, via
304:"Lox Strike Expert Acts To End the Bagel Famine"
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407:, February 10, 1962. Accessed July 16, 2009.
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293:, December 17, 1951. Accessed July 15, 2009.
233:, December 31, 2003. Accessed July 15, 2009.
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388:, February 9, 1962. Accessed July 16, 2009.
380:"Bagel Bakers Strike In City and in Nassau"
350:, February 4, 1956. Accessed July 15, 2009.
331:, February 7, 1952. Accessed July 15, 2009.
264:Freeman, Beatrice; and Freeman, Ira Henry.
225:"Was Life Better When Bagels Were Smaller?"
58:that was established in the early 1900s in
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493:"Baking Firm Sued on Funds For Employees"
483:, April 25, 1993. Accessed July 15, 2009.
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