Mediation - Knowledge (XXG)

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critically examining the possibilities, (f) feeling better about each other, and (g) making their own decisions. Those decisions can include settlement agreements or not. Transformative mediation practice is focused on supporting empowerment and recognition shifts, by allowing and encouraging deliberation, decision-making, and perspective-taking. A competent transformative mediator practices with a microfocus on communication, identifying opportunities for empowerment and recognition as those opportunities appear in the parties' own conversations, and responding in ways that provide an opening for parties to choose what, if anything, to do with them.

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encouraged to actively participate in the process. Mediation is a "party-centered" process in that it is focused primarily upon the needs, rights, and interests of the parties. The mediator uses a wide variety of techniques to guide the process in a constructive direction and to help the parties find their optimal solution. A mediator is facilitative in that they manage the interaction between parties and facilitates open communication. Mediation is also evaluative in that the mediator analyzes issues and relevant norms ("reality-testing"), while refraining from providing prescriptive advice to the parties (e.g., "You should do...").

1653:(PDM) is an emerging mediation approach particularly suited for disputes between co-workers, colleagues or peers, especially deep-seated interpersonal conflict, multicultural or multiethnic disputes. The mediator listens to each party separately in a pre-caucus or pre-mediation before ever bringing them into a joint session. Part of the pre-caucus also includes coaching and role plays. The idea is that the parties learn how to converse directly with their adversary in the joint session. Some unique challenges arise when organizational disputes involve supervisors and subordinates. The negotiated 1334:

underlying issues to the dispute. This has the added benefit of often preserving the relationship the parties had before the dispute. Parties as a part of the mediation are encouraged to negotiate on the basis of interests rather than positions that they hold. The object of this is to have deeper conversations which can give rise to a wider ambit of solutions considering more than just the items up for discussion in the session. Some mediators are also of the opinion that it is their responsibility to bring the parties to think this way, commonly called

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areas. This contrasts with the public nature of courts and other tribunals. However mediation need not be private and confidential. In some circumstances the parties agree to open the mediation in part or whole. Laws may limit confidentiality. For example, mediators must disclose allegations of physical or other abuse to authorities. The more parties in a mediation, the less likely that perfect confidentiality will be maintained. Some parties may even be required to give an account of the mediation to outside constituents or authorities.

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well as case supervision and further ongoing training of 40 hours within 4 years. Beyond this basic qualification, the leading mediation associations (BAFM, BM, BMWA and DGM) have agreed on quality standards higher than the minimum standards of the national regulation to certify their mediators. To become an accredited mediator of these associations one has to complete an accredited mediation training program of a minimum of 200 hours incl. 30 hours of supervision as well as ongoing training (30–40 hours within three years)."

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of a court or other external authority must explicitly endorse a mediation agreement. Thus if a grandparent or other non-parent is granted residence rights in a family dispute, a court counselor will be required to furnish a report to the court on the merits of the proposed agreement to aid the court's ultimate disposition of the case. In other situations, it may be agreed to have agreements reviewed by lawyers, accountants or other professional advisers.

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attention to the ways in which we use stories to make sense of our lives and our relationship." Narrative mediation advocates changing the way we speak about conflicts. In objectifying the conflict narrative, participants become less attached to the problem and more creative in seeking solutions. "The person is not the problem; the problem is the problem" according to narrative mediation.

2222:). Mediators have certain information and disclosure obligations as well as limitations of practice. In particular, a person who has previously provided any form of counseling to any party in the conflict (legal, social, financial, etc.) may not act as a mediator in the case. The Act applies to practitioners even if they refer to their approach not as mediation, but facilitation ( 1757:

laws of commerce. The general law of contract applies in the UK accordingly. Procurement mediation occurs in circumstances after creation of the contract where a dispute arises in regard to the performance or payments. A Procurement mediator in the UK may choose to specialise in this type of contract or a public body may appoint an individual to a specific mediation panel.

1591:(AIRC) had strong roles, to a more decentralized system of individual bargaining between employers and employees. The Act diminished the traditional role of the AIRC by placing the responsibility of resolving disputes at the enterprise level. This allowed mediation to be used to resolve industrial relations disputes instead of traditional conciliation. 2856:

in differing degrees. In some situations, the parties may accept a memorandum or moral force agreement; these are often found in community mediations. In other instances, a more comprehensive deed of agreement, when registered with a court, is legally binding. It is advisable to have a lawyer draft or provide legal advice about the proposed terms.

2859:"Court systems are eager to introduce mandatory mediation as a means to meet their needs to reduce case loads and adversarial litigation, and participants who understand the empowerment of mediation to self-determine their own agreements are equally as eager to embrace mediation as an alternative to costly and potentially harmful litigation." 2501:

settlement. The Evaluative mediator has somewhat of an advisory role in that he/she evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each side's argument and make some predictions about what would happen should they go to court. Facilitative and transformative mediators do not evaluate arguments or direct the parties to a particular settlement.

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parties in dispute control both what will be discussed and how their issues will be resolved. Unlike the transformative mediator, the facilitative mediator is focused on helping the parties find a resolution to their dispute and to that end, the facilitative mediator provides a structure and agenda for the discussion.

2102:, for example, professionals wanting to practice in the area of family law must have tertiary qualifications in law or in social science, undertake 5 days training in mediation and engage in 10 hours of supervised mediation. Furthermore, they must also undertake 12 hours of education or training every 12 months. 1843:(PDM) is an emerging approach involving a pre-caucus between the mediator and each of the parties before going into the joint session. The idea is to help the parties improve their interpersonal negotiation skills so that in the joint session they can address each other with little mediator interference. 1173:, however, due to language as well as national legal standards and regulations is not identical in content in all countries but rather has specific connotations, and there are some differences between Anglo-Saxon definitions and other countries, especially countries with a civil, statutory law tradition. 2855:

Parties who enter into mediation do not forfeit legal rights or remedies. If mediation does not result in settlement, each side can continue to enforce their rights through appropriate court or tribunal procedures. However, if mediation produces a settlement, legal rights and obligations are affected

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Few mediations succeed unless the parties can communicate fully and openly without fear of compromising a potential court case. The promise of confidentiality mitigates such concerns. Organisations often see confidentiality as a reason to use mediation in lieu of litigation, particularly in sensitive

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Confidentiality is a powerful and attractive feature of mediation. It lowers the risk to participants of disclosing information and emotions and encourages realism by eliminating the benefits of posturing. In general, information discussed in mediation cannot be used as evidence in the event that the

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Mediation is one of several approaches to resolving disputes. It differs from adversarial resolution processes by virtue of its simplicity, informality, flexibility, and economy. Mediation provides the opportunity for parties to agree terms and resolve issues by themselves, without the need for legal

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Online mediation employs online technology to provide disputants access to mediators and each other despite geographic distance, disability or other barriers to direct meeting. Online approaches also facilitate mediation when the value of the dispute does not justify the cost of face-to-face contact.

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an emphasis on constructing stories as a basic human activity in understanding our lives and conflict. This approach emphasizes the sociological/psychological nature of conflict-saturated narratives, and values human creativity in acting and reacting to these narratives. "The narrative metaphor draws

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Contracts that specify mediation may also specify a third party to suggest or impose an individual. Some third parties simply maintain a list of approved individuals, while others train mediators. Lists may be "open" (any person willing and suitably qualified can join) or a "closed" panel (invitation

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The Alternative Dispute Resolution Institute of Ontario, a regional affiliate of the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institute of Canada, uses the code of conduct from the federal organization to regulate the conduct of its members. The Code's three objectives are to provide guiding principles for the

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Agreements to mediate, mediation rules, and court-based referral orders may have disclosure requirements. Mediators may have express or implied powers to direct parties to produce documents, reports and other material. In court-referred mediations parties usually exchange with each other all material

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One of the general requirements for successful mediation is that those representing the respective parties have full authority to negotiate and settle the dispute. If this is not the case, then there is what Spencer and Brogan refer to as the "empty chair" phenomenon, that is, the person who ought to

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Mediation is in contrast to the process common in a court of law where advocates engage in contentious litigation on behalf of their clients, arguing before a parental figure such as a judge or arbitrator. Both advocates and arbitrator effectively deprive the disputants of any responsibility for the

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once they are in the mediation—not to the mechanism for initiating the mediation process. Much mediation also results form mutual consent because they are non-binding and they encourage the exploration of interests and mutual benefits of an agreement. Because the parties, themselves, create the terms

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Peer mediation promotes social cohesion and aids development of protective factors that create positive school climates. The National Healthy School Standard (Department for Education and Skills, 2004) highlighted the significance of this approach to reducing bullying and promoting pupil achievement.

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Mediation increases the control the parties have over the resolution. In a court case, the parties obtain a resolution, but control resides with the judge or jury. Often, a judge or jury cannot legally provide solutions that emerge in mediation. Thus, mediation is more likely to produce a result that

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Neutral mediators enter into a conflict with the main intention in ending a conflict. This goal tends to hasten a mediator to reach a conclusion. Biased mediators enter into a conflict with specific biases in favor of one party or another. Biased mediators look to protect their parties interest thus

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Legal liability may stem from a mediation. For example, a mediator could be liable for misleading the parties or for even inadvertently breaching confidentiality. Despite such risks, follow-on court action is quite uncommon. Only one case reached that stage in Australia as of 2006. Damage awards are

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In Australia mediation codes of conduct include those developed by the Law Societies of South Australia and Western Australia and those developed by organisations such as Institute of Arbitrators & Mediators Australia (IAMA) and LEADR. The CPR/Georgetown Ethics Commission, the Mediation Forum of

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decision, the Australian Government sought to engage the population and industry on Mabo's implications for land tenure and use by enacting the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), which required mediation as a mechanism to determine future native title rights. The process incorporated the Federal Court and

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Procurement mediation comprises disputes between a public body and a private body. In common law jurisdictions only regulatory stipulations on creation of supply contracts that derive from the fields of State Aids (EU Law and domestic application) or general administrative guidelines extend ordinary

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ADR, Alternative Dispute Resolution, began in industrial relations in Australia long before the arrival of the modern ADR movement. One of the first statutes passed by the Commonwealth parliament was the Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904 (Cth). This allowed the Federal Government to pass laws on

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While court hearings are public, mediation remains strictly confidential. No one but the parties to the dispute and the mediator or mediators know what happened. Confidentiality in mediation has such importance that in most cases the legal system cannot force a mediator to testify in court as to the

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broadly refers to any instance in which a third party helps others reach an agreement. More specifically, mediation has a structure, timetable, and dynamics that "ordinary" negotiation lacks. The process is private and confidential, possibly enforced by law. Participation is typically voluntary. The

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The case involved two sisters who settled an estate via mediation. Only one sister attended the mediation in person: the other participated via telephone with her lawyers present. An agreement was executed. At the time it was orally expressed that before the final settlement, taxation advice should

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In addition to the fact of reaching a settlement, party satisfaction and mediator competence can be measured. Surveys of mediation parties reveal strong levels of satisfaction with the process. Of course, if parties are generally satisfied post-settlement, then such measures may not be particularly

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Ratification and review provide safeguards for mediating parties. They also provide an opportunity for persons not privy to the mediation to undermine the result. Some mediated agreements require ratification by an external body—such as a board, council or cabinet. In some situations, the sanctions

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The mediator's primary role is to act as a neutral third party who facilitates discussions between the parties. In addition, a mediator serves in an evaluative role when they analyze, assess the issues, and engage in reality-testing. A mediator is neutral and they are not the agent of any party. In

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Peer mediation helped reduce crime in schools, saved counselor and administrator time, enhanced self-esteem, improved attendance and encouraged development of leadership and problem-solving skills among students. Such conflict resolution programs increased in U.S. schools 40% between 1991 and 1999.

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While a mediator may charge a fee comparable to that of an attorney, the mediation process generally takes much less time than moving a case through standard legal channels. While a case in the hands of a lawyer or a court may take months or years to resolve, mediation usually achieves a resolution

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Binding Arbitration is a more direct substitute for the formal process of a court. Binding Arbitration is typically conducted in front of one or three arbitrators. The process is much like a mini trial with rules of evidence, etc. Arbitration typically proceeds faster than court and typically at a

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Within the United States, the laws governing mediation vary by state. Some states have clear expectations for certification, ethical standards and confidentiality. Some also exempt mediators from testifying in cases they've worked on. However, such laws only cover activity within the court system.

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Liability in Tort arises if a mediator influences a party in any way (compromising the integrity of the decision), defames a party, breaches confidentiality, or most commonly, is negligent. To be awarded damages, the party must show actual damage, and must show that the mediator's actions (and not

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According to sec. 6 German Mediation Act the German government on June 21, 2016 has released the German regulation about education and training of the so-called (legal term) "certified mediators" which from Sept. 1, 2017 postulates a minimum of 120 hours of initial specialized mediator training as

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In British Columbia, Mediate BC Society sets and maintains Standards of Conduct for its Registered Roster Mediators (RRMs) and Associates and Standards of Conduct for Med-Arbitrators on its Med-Arb roster. Mediate BC Society is a non-profit society that "serves and protects the public by promoting

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In some situations, a post-mediation debriefing and feedback session is conducted between co-mediators or between mediators and supervisors. It involves a reflective analysis and evaluation of the process. In many community mediation services debriefing is compulsory and mediators are paid for the

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Peace Pals was studied in a diverse, suburban elementary school. Peer mediation was available to all students (N = 825). Significant and long-term reductions in school-wide violence over a five-year period occurred. The reductions included both verbal and physical conflict. Mediator knowledge made

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Mediation's effectiveness in trans-border disputes has been questioned, but an understanding of fundamental mediation principles points to the unlimited potential of mediation in such disputes. Mediators explicitly address and manage cultural and language differences in detail during the process.

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Mediation can anticipate difficulties between parties before conflict emerges. Complaint handling and management is a conflict prevention mechanism designed to handle a complaint effectively at first contact, minimising the possibility of a dispute. One term for this role is "dispute preventer".

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In Germany, due to national regulation "evaluative mediation" is seen as an oxymoron and not allowed by the German mediation Act. Therefore, in Germany mediation is purly facilitative. In Australia, the industry accepted definition of mediation involves a mediator adopting a non advisory and non

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In France, professional mediators have created an organization to develop a rational approach to conflict resolution. This approach is based on a "scientific" definition of a person and a conflict. These definitions help to develop a structured mediation process. Mediators have adopted a code of

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In Canada codes of conduct for mediators are set by professional organizations. In Ontario three distinct professional organizations maintain codes of conduct for mediators. The Family Dispute Resolution Institute of Ontario and the Ontario Association of Family Mediators set standards for their

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The parties' first role is to consent to mediation, possibly before preparatory activities commence. Parties then prepare in much the same way they would for other varieties of negotiations. Parties may provide position statements, valuation reports and risk assessment analysis. The mediator may

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and the 2006 Amendments Mandatory, subject to certain exceptions, Family Dispute Resolution Mediation is required before courts will consider disputed parenting arrangements. The Family Dispute Resolution Practitioners who provide this service are accredited by the Attorney-General's Department.

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Both mediation and conciliation work to identify the disputed issues and to generate options that help disputants reach a mutually satisfactory resolution. They both offer relatively flexible processes. Any settlement reached generally must have the agreement of all parties. This contrasts with

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Other institutions offer units in mediation across a number of disciplines such as law, social science, business and the humanities. Not all kinds of mediation-work require academic qualifications, as some deal more with practical skills than with theoretical knowledge. Membership organizations

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Disputes involving neighbors often have no official resolution mechanism. Community mediation centers generally focus on neighborhood conflict, with trained local volunteers serving as mediators. Such organizations often serve populations that cannot afford to utilize the courts or professional

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is a negotiation facilitated by a third-party neutral. It is a structured, interactive process where an impartial third party, the mediator, assists disputing parties in resolving conflict through the use of specialized communication and negotiation techniques. All participants in mediation are

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Society perceives conflict as something that one should resolve as quickly as possible. Mediators see conflict as a fact of life that when properly managed can benefit the parties. The benefits of conflict include the opportunity to renew relationships and make positive changes for the future.

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Non-adversarialism is based on the actual process of mediation. It treats the parties as collaborating in the construction of an agreement. By contrast, litigation is explicitly adversarial in that each party attempts to subject the other to its views. Mediation is designed to conclude with an

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A counsellor generally uses therapeutic techniques. Some—such as a particular line of questioning—may be useful in mediation. But the role of the counsellor differs from the role of the mediator. The list below is not exhaustive but it gives an indication of important distinctions:

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in which they conciliate. The conciliator can make suggestions for settlement terms and can give advice on the subject-matter. Conciliators may also use their role to actively encourage the parties to come to a resolution. In certain types of dispute the conciliator has a duty to provide legal

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Facilitative mediators typically do not evaluate a case or direct the parties to a particular settlement. Instead, the Facilitative mediator facilitates the conversation. These mediators act as guardian of the process, not the content or the outcome. During a facilitative mediation session the

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Experimental community mediation programs using volunteer mediators began in the early 1970s in several major U.S. cities. These proved to be so successful that hundreds of programs were founded throughout the country in the following two decades. In some jurisdictions, such as California, the

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Because the result is attained by the parties working together and is mutually agreeable, compliance with the mediated agreement is usually high. This further reduces costs, because the parties do not have to employ an attorney to force compliance with the agreement. The mediated agreement is,

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The without-prejudice privilege does not apply if it was excluded by either party or if the privilege was waived in proceedings. Although mediation is private and confidential, the disclosure of privileged information in the presence of a mediator does not represent a waiver of the privilege.

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One of the hallmarks of mediation is that the process is strictly confidential. Two competing principles affect confidentiality. One principle encourages confidentiality to encourage people to participate, while the second principle states that all related facts should be available to courts.

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Evaluative mediation is focused on providing the parties with an evaluation of their case and directing them toward settlement. During an evaluative mediation process, when the parties agree that the mediator should do so, the mediator will express a view on what might be a fair or reasonable

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for their decisions. Under the Queensland regulatory scheme on court-connected mediation, mediators are required to file with a registrar a certificate about the mediation in a form prescribed in the regulations. A party may subsequently apply to a relevant court an order giving effect to the

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Finally, the mediator should restrict pressure, aggression and intimidation, demonstrate how to communicate through employing good speaking and listening skills, and paying attention to non-verbal messages and other signals emanating from the context of the mediation and possibly contributing

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A great variety of disputes occur in the workplace, including disputes between staff members, allegations of harassment, contractual disputes and workers compensation claims. At large, workplace disputes are between people who have an ongoing working relationship within a closed system, which

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Transformative mediation looks at conflict as a crisis in communication. Success is not measured by settlement but by the parties shifts toward (a) personal strength, (b) interpersonal responsiveness, (c) constructive interaction, (d) new understandings of themselves and their situation, (e)

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The educational requirements for accreditation as a mediator differ between accrediting groups and from country to country. In some cases legislation mandates requirements; in others professional bodies impose accreditation standards. Many US universities offer graduate studies in mediation.

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The implementation of human resource management (HRM) policies and practices has evolved to focus on the individual worker, and rejects all other third parties such as unions and AIRC. HRM together with the political and economic changes undertaken by Australia's Howard government created an

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Parties to a mediation are typically ready to work mutually toward a resolution. In most circumstances the mere fact that parties are willing to mediate means that they are ready to "move" their position. The parties thus are more amenable to understanding the other party's side and work on

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between disputants, aiming to help the parties reach an agreement. Much depends on the mediator's skill and training. As the practice gained popularity, training programs, certifications, and licensing followed, which produced trained and professional mediators committed to the discipline.

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In community mediation programs the director generally assigns mediators. In New South Wales, for example, when the parties cannot agree on a mediator, the registrar contacts a nominating entity, such as the Bar Association which supplies the name of a qualified and experienced mediator.

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determinative approach. However, there is also provision under the National Mediator Accreditation Standards for mediators to offer a 'blended' approach provided that participants consent to such a process in writing, the mediator is appropriately insured and has the expertise required.

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their role, mediators do not offer prescriptive advice (e.g., "You should settle this case," or, "Your next offer should be X."). Mediators also manage the interaction between the parties and encourage constructive communication through the use of specialized communication techniques.

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In litigation, courts impose their thoughts to both parties Courts in some cases refer litigants to mediation. Mediation is typically less costly, less formal and less complex. Unlike courts, mediation does not ensure binding agreements and the mediator does not decide the outcome.

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In addition to dispute resolution, mediation can function as a means of dispute prevention, such as facilitating the process of contract negotiation. Governments can use mediation to inform and to seek input from stakeholders in formulation or fact-seeking aspects of policy-making.

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In early neutral evaluation, an evaluator acts as a neutral person to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each of the parties and to discuss the same with parties jointly or in caucuses, so that parties gain awareness (via independent evaluation) of the merits of their case.

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Mediators are trained in working with difficult situations. The mediator acts as a neutral facilitator and guides the parties through the process. The mediator helps the parties think "outside of the box" for possible solutions to the dispute, broadening the range of possible

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Peace Pals is an empirically validated peer mediation program. It was studied over a 5-year period and revealed several positive outcomes including a reduction in elementary school violence and enhanced social skills, while creating a more positive, peaceful school climate.

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to parties and that parties can hold them liable for breaching that duty of care. Habersberger J held it "not beyond argument" that the mediator could be in breach of contractual and tortious duties. Such claims were required to be assessed at a trial court hearing.

1657:(NPA) is a tool for improving communication between supervisors and subordinates and is particularly useful as an alternate mediation model because it preserves the hierarchical power of supervisors while encouraging dialogue and dealing with differences in opinion. 2251:

The National Mediator Accreditation System (NMAS) commenced operation on 1 January 2008. It is an industry-based scheme which relies on voluntary compliance by mediator organisations that agree to accredit mediators in accordance with the requisite standards.

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A mediator controls the process but does not overtly try to influence the participants or the actual outcome. A counsellor often takes an intentional role in the process, seeking to influence the parties to move in a particular direction or consider specific

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Mediator organizations have varying ideals of what makes a good mediator which reflect the training and accreditation of that particular organization. Australia did not adopt a national accreditation system, which may lead to suboptimal choice of mediators.

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Some features of native title mediation that distinguish it from other forms include lengthy time frames, the number of parties (ranging on occasion into the hundreds) and that statutory and case law prescriptions constrain some aspects of the negotiations.

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The without-prejudice privilege in common law denotes that in honest attempts to reach settlement, any offers or admissions cannot be used in court when the subject matter is the same. This applies to the mediation process. The rule comes with exceptions.

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ADR-providers. Community programs typically provide mediation for disputes between landlords and tenants, members of homeowners associations and small businesses and consumers. Many community programs offer their services for free or at a nominal fee.

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Self-determination and party autonomy allow and require parties to choose the area of agreement, rather than ceding the decision to an outside decision-maker such as a judge. This turns the responsibility for the outcome onto the parties themselves.

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Voluntary referral to mediation is not required—much mediation to reach the table through binding contractual provisions, statutes, treaties, or international agreements and accords. The principle of voluntariness applies to the right of parties to

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The original agreement was verbal, without any formal agreement. Tapoohi, a lawyer herself, alleged that the mediator breached his contractual duty, given the lack of any formal agreement; and further alleged tortious breaches of his duty of care.

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The role of the parties varies according to their motivations and skills, the role of legal advisers, the model of mediation, the style of mediator and the culture in which the mediation takes place. Legal requirements may also affect their roles.

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Tapoohi paid Lewenberg $ 1.4 million in exchange for land. One year later, when Tapoohi realized that taxes were owed, she sued her sister, lawyers and the mediator based on the fact that the agreement was subject to further taxation advice.

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The International Mediation Institute has a decision tree on its website, which is designed to help the parties to jointly select the most suitable mediator out of several neutrals who have all achieved certain level of professional competency.

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conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one state. Conciliation has been the most prominently used form of ADR, and is generally far removed from modern mediation.

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content or progress of mediation. Many mediators destroy their notes taken during a mediation once that mediation has finished. The only exceptions to such strict confidentiality usually involve child abuse or actual or threatened criminal acts.

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mediator acts as a neutral third party and facilitates rather than directs the process. Mediation is becoming a more peaceful and internationally accepted solution to end the conflict. Mediation can be used to resolve disputes of any magnitude.

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that covers mediation and facilitative and advisory dispute-resolution processes. Neither process determines an outcome, and both share many similarities. For example, both processes involve a neutral third-party who has no enforcing powers.

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Mediation requires direct input from the parties. Parties must attend and participate in the mediation meeting. Some mediation rules require parties to attend in person. Participation at one stage may compensate for absence at another stage.

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Community and commercial mediators practising outside the court system may not have such legal protections. State laws regarding lawyers may differ widely from those that cover mediators. Professional mediators often consider the option of

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Embedding Mediation and Dispute Resolution into Statutory Civil Law: The Example of Germany; in: Ian Macduff (ed.): Essays on Mediation – Dealing with Disputes in the 21st Century; Alphen aan den Rijn 2016, chapter 12 (pp. 177 – 192).

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Liability for Breach of Fiduciary Obligations can occur if parties misconceive their relationship with a mediator as something other than neutrality. Since such liability relies on a misconception, court action is unlikely to succeed.

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indicate that mediation or a workplace investigation would be appropriate as dispute resolution processes. However the complexity of relationships, involving hierarchy, job security and competitiveness can complicate mediation.

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While mediation implies bringing disputing parties face-to-face with each other, the strategy of "shuttle diplomacy", where the mediator serves as a liaison between disputing parties, also sometimes occurs as an alternative.

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Mediation is purely facilitative: the mediator has no advisory role. Instead, a mediator seeks to help parties to develop a shared understanding of the conflict and to work toward building a practical and lasting resolution.

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lower cost. The Arbiter makes the ultimate decision rather than the parties. Arbiters' decisions are typically final and appeals are rarely successful even if the decision appears to one party to be completely unreasonable.

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Mediator selection is of practical significance given varying models of mediation, mediators' discretion in structuring the process and the impact of the mediator's professional background and personal style on the result.

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A peer mediator is one who resembles the disputants, such as being of similar age, attending the same school or having similar status in a business. Purportedly, peers can better relate to the disputants than an outsider.

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and the rise of the individual encouraged the growth of mediation. This is demonstrated in the industries with the lowest unionization rates such as in the private business sector having the greatest growth of mediation.

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A mediator focuses upon participants' future goals rather than a detailed analysis of past events. A counsellor may find it necessary to explore the past in detail to expose the origins and patterns of beliefs and

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of agreement, compliance with mediated settlement agreements is relatively high. Any compliance or implementation issues can be addressed by follow-up mediation, regular compliance monitoring, and other processes.

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A mediator aims for clear agreement between the participants as to how they will deal with specific issues. A counsellor is more concerned with the parties gaining a better self-understanding of their individual

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power over the parties or the outcome. The parties awareness that the mediator might later act in the role of judge could distort the process. Using a different individual as the arbiter addresses this concern.

1753:. In some areas, mediators have specialized designations and typically operate under special laws. Generally, mediators cannot themselves practice commerce in markets for goods in which they work as mediators. 1684:

is a community-based strategy for a group of friends, a family, a neighborhood, etc. come together outside of the criminal justice system or any punitive system and hold people accountable as a community using

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Responsiveness reflects the intent to allow the parties to craft a resolution outside of the strict rules of the legal system. A responsive mediation process also is informal, flexible and collaborative.

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A range of organizations within Australia accredit mediators. Standards vary according to the specific mediation and the level of specificity that is desired. Standards apply to particular ADR processes.

2117:(NADRAC) advocate for a wide scope on such issues. Other systems apply in other jurisdictions such as Germany, which advocates a higher level of educational qualification for practitioners of mediation. 1642:

The 2006 Work Choices Act made further legislative changes to deregulate industrial relations. A key element of the new changes was to weaken the AIRC by encouraging competition with private mediation.

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The commercial domain remains one of the most common applications of mediation, as measured by the number of mediators and the total value of disputes. The result of business mediation is typically a

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Significant changes in state policy took place from 1996 to 2007. The 1996 Workplace Relations Act (Cth) sought to shift the industrial system away from a collectivist approach, where unions and the

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conduct of mediators; to promote confidence in mediation as a process for resolving disputes; and to provide protection for members of the public who use mediators who are members of the institute.

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A mediator, while acknowledging a person's feelings, does not explore them in any depth. A counsellor is fundamentally concerned about how people feel about a range of relevant experiences.

2114: 1602:. Examples of this use of mediation can be seen in recent enterprise bargaining negotiations. The Australian government claimed the benefits of mediation to include the following: 2746:(ENE) have focus on market ineterships, and—based on that focus—offers a basis for sensible case-management or a suggested resolution of the entire case in its very early stages. 402: 4626: 2347:

As of 2006, formal mechanisms for objecting to the appointment of a particular mediator had not been established. Parties could ask the mediator to withdraw for reasons of

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significant gains pertaining to conflict, conflict resolution and mediation, which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Additionally, mediators and participants viewed the

907: 2351:. In some cases, legislation establishes criteria for mediators. In New South Wales, for example, the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) proscribes qualifications for mediators. 956: 3761: 1081: 648: 2733:

Mediation is a structured process that typically completes in one or a few sessions. Counselling tends to be ongoing, depending upon participants' needs and progress.

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Mediators may at their discretion refer one or more parties to psychologists, accountants, social workers or others for post-mediation professional assistance.

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Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la Médiation au service de la qualité relationnelle et de l'Entente Sociale, Jean-Louis Lascoux, ESF Sciences Humaines, 2019.

2218:). The Act codifies the general process (facilitation by a neutral, 3rd-party mediator without evaluation or solution proposals) and specific terms (e.g. 2730:

Mediation requires both parties to be willing to negotiate. Counselling may work with one party even if the other is not ready or willing to participate.

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3 Historically restricted in common law jurisdictions but generally accepted elsewhere; availability varies between contemporary common law jurisdictions

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a settlement. Disputants may mediate disputes in a variety of domains, such as commercial, legal, diplomatic, workplace, community, and family matters.

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During mediation the participants have to take personal responsibility for resolving their issues. The mediator takes no part other than to reduce the

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A mediator relies on all parties being present to negotiate, usually face-to-face. A counsellor does not necessarily see all parties at the same time.

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Parties generally call on a senior counsel or on a panel with expertise and experience in the subject-matter under dispute in order to conduct ENE.

2558:, in a process called 'mediation/arbitration'. The process begins as a standard mediation, but if mediation fails, the mediator becomes an arbiter. 2405: 2107: 1356: 2592:

and process problems for mediators. Many of the options and successes of mediation relate to the mediator's unique role as someone who wields no

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Online mediation can also combine with face-to-face mediation—to allow mediation to begin sooner and/or to conduct preliminary discussions.

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Svensson, Isak (June 2009). "Who Brings Which Peace? Neutral versus Biased Mediation and Institutional Peace Arrangements in Civil Wars".

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No legislated national standards on the level of education apply to all practitioners' organizations. However, organizations such as the

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Individual mediators vary these steps to match specific circumstances, given that the law does not ordinarily govern mediators' methods.

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Liability in Contract arises if a mediator breaches (written or verbal) contract with one or more parties. The two forms of breach are

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Liability can arise for the mediator from Liability in Contract; Liability in Tort; and Liability for Breach of Fiduciary Obligations.

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members who mediate family matters and the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institute of Ontario who sets standards for their members.

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Winslade, J. & Monk, G. 2000. Narrative Mediation: A New Approach to Conflict Resolution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

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One significant difference between conciliation and mediation lies in the fact that conciliators possess expert knowledge of the

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provide training courses. Internationally a similar approach to the training of mediators is taken by organizations such as the

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agreement reached. Where court sanction is not obtained, mediated settlements have the same status as any other agreements.

1874:

or disclosure rules were the matter to proceed to hearing, including witness statements, valuations and statement accounts.

2933:, especially in its large-scale application in peace and similar negotiations, or the bottom-up way it is performed in the 2688:, which normally settles the dispute in favour of the party with the strongest legal argument. In-between the two operates 4686: 1830:

expertise and experience. The mediator should direct the parties to focus on issues and stay away from personal attacks.

5493: 4972: 4408: 2938: 1995: 1599: 971: 561: 3526:(on-line 3rd edition, 2014), from Internet Archive (3rd Edition, multiple file formats including PDF, EPUB, and others) 2894:" solutions rather than imposed solutions. This has become a common, definitive feature of mediation in the US and UK. 5488: 4383: 2907: 2036:

The implementation of mediated agreements must comply with the statues and regulations of the governing jurisdiction.

1967: 456: 2289: 3365:

The program's creator is Rita Schellenberg, counselor educator, counselor supervisor, and licensed school counselor.

2585:—rendering what, in Western European court procedures, would be considered an arbitral (even 'arbitrary') decision. 5463: 4962: 2990: 2366:

Qualifications—knowledge of the theory and practice of conflict, negotiation and mediation, mediation skills.

2300: 1948: 1119: 1070: 991: 717: 346: 253: 20: 4144: 2474:

This case emphasized the need for formal mediation agreements, including clauses that limit mediators' liability.

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Experience— mediation experience, experience in the substantive area of dispute and personal life experience

2308: 2293: 1941: 5546: 4209:"What are the Three Basic Types of Dispute Resolution? What to Know About Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation" 4043: 2960: 2606: 1974: 966: 925: 837: 4013:"Leanings and Dealings: Exploring Bias and Trade Leverage in Civil War Mediation by International Organizations" 1335: 5341: 5323: 3005: 2980: 2965: 2523: 1840: 1766: 1681: 1650: 773: 486: 341: 299: 103: 96: 4992: 1453: 2447:

As of 2008 Tapoohi v Lewenberg was the only case in Australia that set a precedent for mediators' liability.

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Principles of mediation include non-adversarialism, responsiveness, self-determination and party autonomy.

1981: 5771: 5756: 3939:(2005). "Externalizing the problem". In Malone, Caroline; Forbat, Liz; Robb, Martin; Seden, Janet (eds.). 3469: 3049: 2214:

In Germany, the process and responsibilities of a mediator are legally defined in the Mediation Act 2012 (

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Now mediation is a form of professional service, and mediators are professionally trained for mediation.

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Spencer, D. and Brogan, M. 2006. Mediation Law and Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.54.

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A mediator is required to be neutral. A counsellor may play a more supportive role, where appropriate.

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Although the court dismissed the summary judgment request, the case established that mediators owe a

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Noaks, J. & Noaks, L. (2009). "School-based peer mediation as a strategy for social inclusion".

5751: 4891: 4808: 2555: 2484: 2177: 2110:, CEDR. Based in London, it has trained over 5000 CEDR mediators from different countries to date. 1814: 1674: 1546: 1501: 735: 626: 491: 471: 258: 157: 134: 38: 1232:

of 530–533 CE) recognized mediation. The Romans called mediators by a variety of names, including

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program as effective and valuable, and all mediation sessions resulted in successful resolution.

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Code de la Médiation pour l'orientation de la médiation, Agnès Tavel, Médiateurs Editeurs, 2009.

3616:"Standards of Conduct & Complaint Process | Mediate BC Home | Effective Conflict Resolution" 2197:

professionalism and quality in mediation and other collaborative dispute resolution processes."

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Pratique de la médiation professionnelle, Jean-Louis Lascoux, ESF Sciences Humaines, 2001–2017.

3615: 3450: 2408:. Alternatively, private panels co-exist and compete for appointments e.g., Savills Mediation. 1891:

The typical mediation has no formal compulsory elements, although some elements usually occur:

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Gerber, S 1999, 'Does peer mediation really work?', Professional School Counseling, 2, 3, 169

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All (or no) parties have legal representation. Mediation includes no right to legal counsel.

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in a matter of hours. Taking less time means expending less money on hourly fees and costs.

5805: 5778: 5766: 5746: 5680: 5675: 5658: 5638: 5633: 5613: 5478: 5458: 5453: 5356: 5316: 5027: 4952: 4876: 4861: 4781: 4148: 3865: 3853: 3100: 3037: 2995: 2891: 2887: 1871: 1774:(NNTT). Mediation can occur in parallel with legal challenges, such as occurred in Perth. 1506: 1272: 904:(also implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing or duty to negotiate in good faith) 793: 523: 500: 336: 243: 227: 167: 4277: 4233: 3507: 3268: 3113: 4409:"A Treasure Trove of Insights: Sixty Years of JCR Research on Negotiation and Mediation" 5882: 5690: 5608: 5197: 5163: 5114: 5099: 4871: 4776: 4756: 4746: 4612: 4183: 3523: 2970: 2934: 2926: 2040: 1988: 1635: 1458: 1433: 1361: 1206: 1098:, and Canadian jurisprudence in both Québec and the common law provinces pertaining to 1039: 930: 861: 846: 594: 441: 309: 1154:

with concrete effects. Typically, a third party, the mediator, assists the parties to

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Schools adopting this process recruit and train interested students to prepare them.

1473: 830: 578: 551: 481: 361: 351: 162: 4534:(2 Ligare Pty Ltd, Riverwood NSW ed.). Erskineville NSW: Star Printery Pty Ltd. 1205:

The activity of mediation appeared in very ancient times. The practice developed in

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Personal attributes—patience, empathy, intelligence, optimism and flexibility

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Within business and commercial mediation, frequently a distinction is made between

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Alés Siolis Javier "The Magic Mediation " (in Spanish) Edit Aconcagua Seville 2010

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The mediator must inform the parties of their responsibility for confidentiality.

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matter proceeds to court, in accord with the mediation agreement and common law.

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generally compensatory in nature. Proper training is mediators' best protection.

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Not all disputes lend themselves well to mediation. Success is unlikely unless:

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HarvardBlog: Types of Mediation: Choose the Type Best Suited to Your Conflict?

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where it is often called mindful mediation. This form derived from methods of

2911: 2685: 2582: 1551: 1463: 1388: 1365: 1074: 1057: 476: 27: 3989: 3121: 2431:. Limitations on liability include the requirement to show actual causation. 1861:

supervise/facilitate their preparation and may require certain preparations.

5761: 5726: 5668: 5643: 5508: 5405: 5393: 5378: 5366: 5294: 5212: 5185: 5069: 4512: 3962: 3944: 3641:"Strategic Plan 2020–2023 | Mediate BC Home | Effective Conflict Resolution" 3098:

Robinson, Arthur E. (1928). "The Arab Dynasty of Dar for (Darfur) Part II".

3010: 2673: 2574: 2134: 2099: 1738: 1413: 1279:, who was in Samos, and in the year 21/20 BC, a peace treaty was concluded. 1221: 1025: 304: 217: 212: 202: 4234:

Mediation vs Arbitration – Mediation, Arbitration, Divorce and ADR Services

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mindfulness of the psychological and physical wellbeing of all participants

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Mediation: A Comprehensive Guide To Resolving Conflicts Without Litigation

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T. Sourdin, Alternative Dispute Resolution, 5th ed, 2016, Thomson Reuters

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Steps put in place during mediation to help ensure this privacy include:

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parties have the option of making their agreement enforceable in court.

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Mediation has sometimes been utilized to good effect when coupled with

1955: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1734: 1405: 1400: 1181: 821: 59: 5800: 5653: 5398: 5289: 5284: 5230: 4901: 3805: 2915: 2593: 2589: 2400:

In the UK and internationally, lists are generally open, such as The

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frameworks. Therefore, conciliation may include an advisory aspect.

2672:

information. This helps ensure that agreements comply with relevant

1673:

In Australia mediation was incorporated extensively into family law

4597:"Reducing levels of elementary school violence with peer mediation" 4482:

Agardy, Peter (2009), 'Mediation and the insolvency practitioner,'

3508:

Party-Directed Mediation: Facilitating Dialogue Between Individuals

3269:

Party-Directed Mediation: Facilitating Dialogue Between Individuals

5741: 5685: 5591: 5432: 5235: 4734: 3890:"Types of Mediation: Choose the Type Best Suited to Your Conflict" 2816:

Outsiders can observe proceedings only with both parties' consent.

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establishment of ground rules framing the boundaries of mediation

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Dispute Resolution in Australia. Cases, Commentary and Materials

4541:

The Mediator's Handbook. Skills and Strategies for Practitioners

3286:"Family Law Amendment (Shared Parental Responsibility) Act 2006" 1631:

environment where private ADR can be fostered in the workplace.

1214: 1011: 4668: 4303:"Confidentiality of the Mediation Process and Ethical Dilemmas" 3379: 3362: 4695: 2272: 2160:

directing participants to appropriate sources for legal advice

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Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes

3402:

Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes

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are not in dispute. It resembles, in some respects, criminal

2451:

be sought as such a large transfer of property would trigger

2166:

practising only in those fields in which they have expertise.

4497:(2nd ed.). Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. 2359:

The following are useful criteria for selecting a mediator:

4523:

Peer Mediation: Citizenship and Social Inclusion in Action

4486:, Thomson Reuters, Vol 17. No.3, September, Pages 135–146. 3919:

Narrative Mediation: A New Approach to Conflict Resolution

3496:

A guide to the rights and Responsibilities of participants

2435:

the party's actions) were the actual cause of the damage.

2692:, which uses a facilitative process where each party has 1213:(προ - pro = before + ξενος - xenos =strangers), then in 4595:

Schellenberg, R.; Parks-Savage, A.; Rehfuss, M. (2007).

3941:

Relating experience: stories from health and social care

2910:

in 1980, claimed that mediation is the foundation of a '

2561:

This process is more appropriate in civil matters where

2154:

maintaining confidentiality within the bounds of the law

2115:

National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council

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both in Québec and in the country's common law provinces

4564:

A Helping Hand, Mediation with Nonviolent Communication

2039:

Parties to a private mediation may also wish to obtain

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Mindful Mediation: A Handbook For Buddhist Peacemakers

4547:

Domenici, Kathy, & Littlejohn, Stephen W. (2001),

3400:

Catharine Titi, Katia Fach Gómez, ed. (30 July 2019).

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Mediators use various techniques to open, or improve,

4142:

The Institute of Arbitrators and Mediators, Australia

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informing participants as to the process of mediation

3784:"SIMK ADR news Ausbildungsverordnung für Mediatoren" 1094:

7 Specific to civil law jurisdictions, the American

5819: 5709: 5532: 5441: 5332: 5211: 5113: 4834: 4702: 4184:"Mediation vs. Arbitration: What's The Difference?" 4125:; Bureau of National Affairs Books, Washington DC, 4123:

Mediation and the Dynamics of Collective Bargaining

2588:Mediation/arbitration hybrids can pose significant 1376:Mediation is applicable to disputes in many areas: 4262:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVan_Gramberg2006 ( 4213:PON - Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School 3894:PON - Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School 3239:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVan_Gramberg2006 ( 3220:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBamberet_al.2000 ( 3201:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVan_Gramberg2006 ( 3182:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVan_Gramberg2006 ( 3151:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBamberet_al.2000 ( 2129:A 1904 illustration of a mediation scene from the 1813:and facilitate full and frank exchange of views, " 908:Contract A and Contract B in Canadian contract law 4102:"International Mediation Institute Decision Tree" 4061:"UK Divorce Process Guide | Acclaimed Family Law" 3693:"MediationsG - nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis" 3494:In New South Wales the Law Society has published 2834:Most countries respect mediator confidentiality. 2637:All parties are ready and willing to participate. 2180:have promulgated codes of conduct for mediators. 1852:be discussing the problem is simply not present. 1570:(B2E) and business-to-consumer (B2C) situations. 16:Dispute resolution with assistance of a moderator 4625:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2024 ( 4370: 4319: 2537:The narrative approach to mediation shares with 2133:, wherein Japanese parliamentarians negotiate a 4358: 4331: 1063:2 Specific to civil and mixed law jurisdictions 4464:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBradford2006 ( 4083: 4081: 2647:) and are legally competent to make decisions. 2621:leading to a better, more lasting resolution. 1410:Parenting plans (child custody and visitation) 4680: 4445:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBagshaw1999 ( 4384:"The Search for a Common Set of Moral Values" 3380:Schellenberg, Parks-Savage & Rehfuss 2007 3363:Schellenberg, Parks-Savage & Rehfuss 2007 2384:Disclosure of potential Conflicts of Interest 2176:the Union International des Avocats, and the 2151:revealing any potential conflicts of interest 2141:Common elements of codes of conduct include: 1325:however, fully enforceable in a court of law. 1120: 396: 8: 4551:. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. 4549:Mediation Empowerment In Conflict Management 4257: 3234: 3215: 3196: 3177: 3146: 2813:All sessions take place behind closed doors. 4643:Titi, Catharine; Fach Gomez, Katia (2019). 3827:. SIMK Hannover, Germany. 19 November 2012 3077:. Vol. F–O. Greenwood. pp. 713–. 3040:, Berning, D., Lenz, C. (2013) (in German) 2643:All parties are of legal age (although see 2307:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1100:contractual and pre-contractual negotiation 4687: 4673: 4665: 4495:Mediation: Principles, Processes, Practice 4342: 4340: 3252: 3250: 3042:Mediation und Konfliktmanagement: Handbuch 2871:agreement rather than a winner and loser. 1689:, which may or may not include mediation. 1621:More control by disputant over the process 1589:Australian Industrial Relations Commission 1127: 1113: 414: 403: 389: 34: 4424: 4422: 4011:Lundgren, Magnus; Svensson, Isak (2014). 2327:Learn how and when to remove this message 2206:ethics which guarantees professionalism. 2015:Learn how and when to remove this message 1209:which knew the non-marital mediator as a 5832:History of the American legal profession 4558:, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. 4459: 4245: 3786:. SIMK Hannover, Germany. 31 August 2016 3742:. SIMK Hannover, Germany. 1 October 2015 3311: 3309: 2925:Mediation can also be seen as a form of 2137:in order to allow the burial of the dead 1493:Builders/contractors/realtors/homeowners 4440: 4278:"Mediation: Frequently Asked Questions" 3720:. SIMK Hannover, Germany. 27 April 2015 3375: 3373: 3371: 3028: 2406:Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution 2108:Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution 1594:In industrial relations under the 2006 1150:resolving disputes between two or more 1047: 999: 938: 917: 887: 845: 806: 763: 727: 656: 618: 499: 433: 417: 271: 235: 187: 142: 126: 44: 37: 4618: 4428: 4346: 4087: 3861: 3849: 3838: 3544: 3417: 3350: 3256: 3165: 3134: 2976:Forum (alternative dispute resolution) 1733:Commercial mediation includes work in 1316:is mutually agreeable for the parties. 896:Duty of honest contractual performance 315:Forum (alternative dispute resolution) 4584:. Dehiwala, Buddhist Cultural Centre. 3917:Monk, John; Winslade, Gerald (2000). 3912: 3910: 3718:"SIMK ADR news Funktionaler Mediator" 1084:of International Commercial Contracts 7: 4554:Folberg, J. & Taylor, A. (1984) 4525:. Maidenhead: Open University Press. 3558:"2009: Year of achievements by CEDR" 3114:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100377 2305:adding citations to reliable sources 1953:adding citations to reliable sources 1910:adjust and refine proposed solutions 1271:Following the war against Rome, the 4634:Spencer, D.; Altobelli, T. (2005). 4566:. Friare Liv Konsult. p. 258. 3740:"SIMK ADR news Vorbefassungsverbot" 2644: 1290:The benefits of mediation include: 1073:and other civil codes based on the 4613:10.5330/prsc.10.5.q7866077l3v5q044 4591:. New York: Weisberg Publications. 4539:Charlton, R.; Dewdney, M. (2004). 3978:The Journal of Conflict Resolution 3591:"Mediator Codes of Conduct Canada" 2630:representation or court hearings. 2402:Chartered Institute of Arbitrators 2381:Suitability of the mediation model 14: 4816:Restitution and unjust enrichment 3888:Shonk, Katie (27 February 2024). 1870:which would be available through 1806:outcome.by imposing a solution. 1394:Financial or budget disagreements 5863: 5862: 5848: 4638:. Riverwood NSW: Ligare Pty Ltd. 4517:Third edition published in 2011. 3510:(on-line 3rd edition, 2014), by 3074:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges 2577:judicial procedure, wherein the 2277: 1929: 898:(or doctrine of abuse of rights) 713:Enforcement of foreign judgments 677:Hague Choice of Court Convention 425: 5827:History of the legal profession 3589:Wakely, Dave (15 August 2017). 3271:(on-line 3rd Edition, 2014) by 2443:Tapoohi v Lewenberg (Australia) 1940:needs additional citations for 4601:Professional School Counseling 1772:National Native Title Tribunal 706:Singapore Mediation Convention 280:Alternative dispute resolution 1: 3468:Nelson, Lisa (14 July 2012). 3424:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 1907:discuss and analyze solutions 1080:5 Explicitly rejected by the 847:Quasi-contractual obligations 4615:(inactive 23 February 2024). 4532:Dispute Resolution Guidebook 4371:Spencer & Altobelli 2005 4320:Spencer & Altobelli 2005 4065:www.acclaimedfamilylaw.co.uk 3470:"What is A Divorce Mediator" 2819:The meeting is not recorded. 2163:engaging in ongoing training 1898:parties detail their stories 1615:Broader issues vs the courts 4647:. Oxford University Press. 4359:Charlton & Dewdney 2004 4332:Charlton & Dewdney 2004 3514:, University of California. 3451:"Sign in – Google Accounts" 3404:. Oxford University Press. 3300:"Family dispute resolution" 2908:Institute for Global Ethics 2838:Without-prejudice privilege 2378:Certification and its value 1913:record agreement in writing 5921: 5494:International legal theory 4973:International slavery laws 4968:International human rights 4963:International criminal law 4493:Boulle, Laurence (2005) . 3697:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3318:Pastoral Care in Education 3275:, University of California 2991:Lawyer supported mediation 2604: 2546:Mediation with arbitration 2521: 2091: 1336:interest-based negotiation 718:Hague Judgments Convention 347:Peace and conflict studies 254:Mutual assured destruction 25: 21:Mediation (disambiguation) 18: 5842: 5547:Administration of justice 4587:Parselle, Charles (2005) 4580:McConnell, J. A. (2001): 4032:10.1163/15718069-12341280 4020:International Negotiation 3330:10.1080/02643940902731880 2961:Conflict management style 2607:Online dispute resolution 2148:adopting a neutral stance 1921:Post-mediation activities 1618:Greater access to justice 1547:Victim-Offender mediation 1069:4 Specific to the German 5324:Basic structure doctrine 5174:Natural and legal rights 5055:Public international law 3990:10.1177/0022002709332207 3764:. NADRAC. 1 January 2008 3524:Party-Directed Mediation 3455:www.eternalalliances.com 3216:Bamber & et al. 2000 3147:Bamber & et al. 2000 3006:Nonviolent communication 2981:Intercultural competence 2966:Conflict style inventory 2822:Publicity is prohibited. 2744:early neutral evaluation 2738:Early neutral evaluation 2524:Transformative mediation 2518:Transformative mediation 2230:), conflict counseling ( 1901:identification of issues 1841:Party-directed mediation 1682:Community accountability 1651:Party-directed mediation 1490:Homeowners' associations 1427:Parent(s)/adult children 774:Anticipatory repudiation 524:unequal bargaining power 342:Non-aggression principle 300:Conflict style inventory 104:Nonviolent Communication 26:Not to be confused with 5504:Principle of typicality 4978:International trade law 4164:. Adr.cand.uscourts.gov 4121:Simkin, W. E., (1971); 2659:sometimes serves as an 2581:also plays the role of 2375:Professional background 2065:Measuring effectiveness 2028:Ratification and review 1600:Workplace Relations Act 1424:Adult sibling conflicts 1146:Mediation is a form of 1096:Uniform Commercial Code 1071:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch 756:Third-party beneficiary 728:Rights of third parties 606:Accord and satisfaction 189:International relations 119:Speaking truth to power 4484:Insolvency Law Journal 4236:, retrieved 2010-08-27 4151:, retrieved 2007-11-24 4147:15 August 2007 at the 3050:Nomos Publishing House 2509:Facilitative mediation 2392:Third party nomination 2138: 2094:Mediation in Australia 2079:Education and training 1761:Native-title mediation 1687:transformative justice 1391:/Premarital agreements 1369: 1202: 1197:Mediator's chamber at 827:Liquidated, stipulated 672:Forum selection clause 557:Frustration of purpose 5499:Principle of legality 5258:Delegated legislation 4958:Intellectual property 4589:The Complete Mediator 4562:Larsson, Liv (2011). 4530:Charlton, R. (2000). 3071:Jaques, Tony (2007). 2220:funktionaler Mediator 2128: 1811:emotional temperature 1655:performance appraisal 1454:Workers' compensation 1359: 1196: 1089:Canadian contract law 457:Abstraction principle 264:Nuclear proliferation 5717:Barristers' chambers 5659:Legal representation 5597:Justice of the peace 4943:Financial regulation 4049:on 20 February 2020. 3943:. London; New York: 2496:Evaluative mediation 2349:conflict of interest 2301:improve this section 2234:) or anything else. 2131:Siege of Port Arthur 2061:debriefing session. 1949:improve this article 1609:Reduced polarization 1574:Industrial relations 1568:business-to-employee 1564:business-to-business 1449:Wrongful termination 918:Related areas of law 817:Specific performance 667:Choice of law clause 632:Contract of adhesion 546:Culpa in contrahendo 452:Meeting of the minds 447:Offer and acceptance 330:Paradox of tolerance 19:For other uses, see 5752:Election commission 5464:Expressive function 4993:Landlord–tenant law 4892:Consumer protection 4521:Cremin, H. (2007). 3806:"Savills Mediation" 2945:Conflict management 2902:Theorists, notably 2789:Conflict prevention 2556:binding arbitration 2533:Narrative mediation 2485:liability insurance 2429:anticipatory breach 2178:European Commission 2056:Mediator debriefing 1765:In response to the 1722:Commercial disputes 1675:Family Law Act 1975 1661:Community mediation 1543:Violence-prevention 1502:Medical malpractice 1360:Urban mediators in 1082:UNIDROIT Principles 856:Promissory estoppel 736:Privity of contract 689:New York Convention 649:UNIDROIT Principles 492:Collateral contract 487:Implication-in-fact 472:Invitation to treat 259:Nuclear disarmament 158:Conflict escalation 135:Conflict management 39:Conflict resolution 5710:Legal institutions 5577:Lawsuit/Litigation 5567:Dispute resolution 5372:Catholic canon law 5080:State of emergency 5043:Will and testament 4767:Law of obligations 4720:Constitutional law 4710:Administrative law 4215:. 21 December 2021 3947:. pp. 88–94. 3512:Gregorio Billikopf 3273:Gregorio Billikopf 2906:, who founded the 2851:Legal implications 2425:failure to perform 2139: 1789:self-determination 1728:bilateral contract 1598:amendments to the 1370: 1275:sent mediators to 1203: 1148:dispute resolution 902:Duty of good faith 799:Fundamental breach 765:Breach of contract 694:UNCITRAL Model Law 658:Dispute resolution 643:Contra proferentem 637:Integration clause 611:Exculpatory clause 377:Track II diplomacy 325:Prisoner's dilemma 295:Conflict continuum 290:Conflict avoidance 75:Dispute resolution 5892: 5891: 5552:Constitutionalism 5474:Law and economics 5312:Act of parliament 5050:Product liability 5003:Legal archaeology 4928:Environmental law 4922:Entertainment law 4762:International law 4573:978-91-976672-7-2 4258:Van Gramberg 2006 3860:Missing or empty 3645:www.mediatebc.com 3620:www.mediatebc.com 3235:Van Gramberg 2006 3197:Van Gramberg 2006 3178:Van Gramberg 2006 3084:978-0-313-33538-9 2775:Shuttle diplomacy 2742:The technique of 2690:collaborative law 2563:rules of evidence 2539:narrative therapy 2337: 2336: 2329: 2232:Konflikt-Beratung 2226:), conciliation ( 2224:Prozessbegleitung 2025: 2024: 2017: 1999: 1626:Workplace matters 1557:Faith communities 1137: 1136: 980:England and Wales 888:Duties of parties 879:Negotiorum gestio 868:Unjust enrichment 589:Statute of frauds 538:Unconscionability 510:Misrepresentation 467:Mirror image rule 413: 412: 285:Anti-war movement 249:Nuclear blackmail 153:Communal violence 5912: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5853: 5852: 5676:Question of fact 5557:Criminal justice 4887:Construction law 4882:Conflict of laws 4847:Agricultural law 4689: 4682: 4675: 4666: 4658: 4639: 4630: 4624: 4616: 4577: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4516: 4470: 4469: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4307:ResearchGate.net 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4158: 4152: 4139: 4133: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4096: 4090: 4085: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4042:. Archived from 4017: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3595:Wakely Mediation 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3569: 3563:. Archived from 3562: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3505: 3499: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3447: 3441: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3423: 3415: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3382: 3377: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3053: 3033: 2904:Rushworth Kidder 2888:codes-of-conduct 2616:Biased mediation 2332: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2281: 2273: 2216:Mediationsgesetz 2121:Codes of conduct 2020: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1957: 1933: 1925: 1904:identify options 1782:Global relevance 1540:School conflicts 1474:Labor management 1224:, starting from 1129: 1122: 1115: 957:China (mainland) 926:Conflict of laws 789:Efficient breach 784:Exclusion clause 584:Illusory promise 567:Impracticability 429: 415: 405: 398: 391: 35: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5861: 5847: 5838: 5815: 5806:Political party 5779:Legal education 5767:Law enforcement 5747:Court of equity 5705: 5681:Question of law 5634:Practice of law 5614:Judicial review 5528: 5479:Legal formalism 5459:Comparative law 5454:Contract theory 5437: 5357:Legal pluralism 5328: 5317:Act of Congress 5241:Executive order 5207: 5109: 5028:Nationality law 4953:Immigration law 4877:Competition law 4830: 4698: 4693: 4655: 4642: 4633: 4617: 4594: 4574: 4561: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4505: 4492: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4420: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4149:Wayback Machine 4140: 4136: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4015: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3955: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3859: 3847: 3837: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3808:. Savills.co.uk 3804: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3433: 3416: 3412: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3315: 3314: 3307: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3248: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3101:African Affairs 3097: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3020: 2996:Liaison officer 2956: 2947: 2941:in particular. 2900: 2892:client-directed 2865: 2853: 2840: 2800: 2798:Confidentiality 2791: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2740: 2702: 2654: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2603: 2571:plea-bargaining 2554:, particularly 2548: 2535: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2498: 2493: 2480: 2445: 2414: 2394: 2357: 2333: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2298: 2282: 2271: 2262: 2245: 2240: 2212: 2203: 2186: 2173: 2123: 2096: 2090: 2081: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2050: 2030: 2021: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1958: 1956: 1946: 1934: 1923: 1889: 1880: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1836: 1823: 1803: 1798: 1784: 1763: 1724: 1695: 1663: 1634:The decline of 1628: 1581: 1576: 1560: 1518:Public disputes 1507:Personal injury 1487:Landlord/tenant 1436:and end-of-life 1354: 1303:Confidentiality 1288: 1191: 1133: 1104: 976:United Kingdom 939:By jurisdiction 409: 337:Liaison officer 244:Nuclear warfare 228:Multilateralism 168:Just war theory 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5907: 5897: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5858: 5855:Law portal 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5691:Trial advocacy 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5228: 5223: 5221:Ballot measure 5217: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5198:Legal treatise 5195: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5166: 5164:Letters patent 5161: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5115:Sources of law 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5100:Unenforced law 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4872:Commercial law 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4659: 4653: 4640: 4631: 4607:(5): 475–481. 4592: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4559: 4552: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4503: 4490: 4487: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4452: 4433: 4418: 4415:. August 2017. 4400: 4375: 4363: 4351: 4336: 4324: 4312: 4294: 4269: 4250: 4238: 4226: 4200: 4188:baderscott.com 4175: 4153: 4134: 4114: 4091: 4077: 4052: 4026:(2): 315–342. 4003: 3984:(3): 446–469. 3968: 3953: 3933:White, Michael 3924: 3906: 3880: 3871: 3819: 3797: 3775: 3753: 3731: 3709: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3632: 3607: 3581: 3570:on 24 May 2019 3549: 3537: 3528: 3516: 3500: 3487: 3474:Mediation Blog 3460: 3442: 3431: 3410: 3392: 3383: 3367: 3355: 3343: 3305: 3291: 3277: 3261: 3246: 3227: 3208: 3189: 3170: 3158: 3139: 3127: 3108:(CIX): 55–67. 3090: 3083: 3063: 3054: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2971:Family therapy 2968: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2935:peace movement 2927:harm reduction 2899: 2896: 2864: 2861: 2852: 2849: 2839: 2836: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2701: 2698: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645:peer mediation 2641: 2638: 2626: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2605:Main article: 2602: 2599: 2547: 2544: 2534: 2531: 2522:Main article: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2479: 2476: 2444: 2441: 2413: 2410: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2356: 2353: 2335: 2334: 2285: 2283: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2185: 2182: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2122: 2119: 2092:Main article: 2089: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2041:court sanction 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 1937: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1835: 1832: 1822: 1819: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1783: 1780: 1762: 1759: 1743:ship-brokering 1723: 1720: 1694: 1693:Peer mediation 1691: 1662: 1659: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1459:Discrimination 1456: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1434:Medical ethics 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1362:Fort-de-France 1353: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1284: 1264:, and finally 1207:Ancient Greece 1190: 1187: 1172: 1164: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1092: 1087:6 Specific to 1085: 1078: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1056:1 Specific to 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1019: 1014: 1006: 1005: 997: 996: 995: 994: 989: 988: 987: 982: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 941: 940: 936: 935: 934: 933: 931:Commercial law 928: 920: 919: 915: 914: 913: 912: 911: 910: 899: 890: 889: 885: 884: 883: 882: 875: 870: 865: 862:Quantum meruit 858: 850: 849: 843: 842: 841: 840: 835: 834: 833: 819: 811: 810: 804: 803: 802: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 768: 767: 761: 760: 759: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 730: 729: 725: 724: 723: 722: 721: 720: 710: 709: 708: 698: 697: 696: 691: 681: 680: 679: 669: 661: 660: 654: 653: 652: 651: 646: 639: 634: 629: 627:Parol evidence 621: 620: 619:Interpretation 616: 615: 614: 613: 608: 603: 598: 595:Non est factum 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 570: 569: 564: 559: 549: 542: 541: 540: 526: 517: 512: 504: 503: 497: 496: 495: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 436: 435: 431: 430: 422: 421: 411: 410: 408: 407: 400: 393: 385: 382: 381: 380: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 333: 332: 327: 317: 312: 310:Family therapy 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 274: 273: 269: 268: 267: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 238: 237: 233: 232: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 192: 191: 185: 184: 183: 182: 181: 180: 170: 165: 160: 155: 147: 146: 140: 139: 138: 137: 129: 128: 124: 123: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 100: 99: 97:Party-directed 89: 88: 87: 82: 77: 67: 62: 57: 49: 48: 42: 41: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5917: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5737:Civil society 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5696:Trier of fact 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5582:Legal opinion 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5562:Court-martial 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5534:Jurisprudence 5531: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5423:Statutory law 5421: 5419: 5418:Socialist law 5416: 5412: 5411:Byzantine law 5409: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5362:Religious law 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5334:Legal systems 5331: 5325: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5302:Statutory law 5300: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5132:Statutory law 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5090:Transport law 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5008:Legal fiction 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4938:Financial law 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4897:Corporate law 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4821:Statutory law 4819: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703:Core subjects 4701: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4683: 4678: 4676: 4671: 4670: 4667: 4660: 4656: 4654:9780198827955 4650: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4467: 4462:, p. 148 4461: 4460:Bradford 2006 4456: 4453: 4448: 4443:, p. 206 4442: 4437: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4373:, p. 223 4372: 4367: 4364: 4361:, p. 126 4360: 4355: 4352: 4349:, p. 539 4348: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4334:, p. 344 4333: 4328: 4325: 4322:, p. 261 4321: 4316: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4265: 4259: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4246:Charlton 2000 4242: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4176: 4163: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4131:0-87179-127-7 4128: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4103: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4007: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3972: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3937:Epston, David 3934: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3867: 3855: 3842: 3823: 3820: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3719: 3713: 3710: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3476:. Lisa Nelson 3475: 3471: 3464: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3427: 3421: 3413: 3411:9780198827955 3407: 3403: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3353:, p. 119 3352: 3347: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3262: 3259:, p. 298 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3237:, p. 174 3236: 3231: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3199:, p. 173 3198: 3193: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3174: 3171: 3168:, p. 287 3167: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3137:, p. 286 3136: 3131: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3094: 3091: 3086: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3067: 3064: 3061:O'Grady 79–88 3058: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3029: 3022: 3017: 3016:UN Peacemaker 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 3001:Life coaching 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2951: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931:de-escalation 2928: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2884:United States 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2774: 2772: 2765: 2763: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2737: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2661:umbrella term 2658: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2624: 2622: 2615: 2613: 2608: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2517: 2515: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2478:United States 2477: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2453:capital gains 2448: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2328: 2320: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2286:This section 2284: 2280: 2275: 2274: 2268: 2266: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2238:Accreditation 2237: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2209: 2207: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2095: 2087: 2085: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2070:explanatory. 2064: 2062: 2055: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2034: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2008: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1966: – 1965: 1961: 1960:Find sources: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1938:This section 1936: 1932: 1927: 1926: 1920: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1878:Participation 1877: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1556: 1554:organizations 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1525:Environmental 1524: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1130: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1060:jurisdictions 1059: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1003: 998: 993: 992:United States 990: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 944: 943: 942: 937: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 922: 921: 916: 909: 906: 905: 903: 900: 897: 894: 893: 892: 891: 886: 881: 880: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 863: 859: 857: 854: 853: 852: 851: 848: 844: 839: 836: 832: 831:penal damages 828: 825: 824: 823: 822:Money damages 820: 818: 815: 814: 813: 812: 809: 805: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 771: 770: 769: 766: 762: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 733: 732: 731: 726: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 707: 704: 703: 702: 699: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 685: 682: 678: 675: 674: 673: 670: 668: 665: 664: 663: 662: 659: 655: 650: 647: 645: 644: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 623: 622: 617: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 601:Unclean hands 599: 597: 596: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 568: 565: 563: 562:Impossibility 560: 558: 555: 554: 553: 552:Force majeure 550: 548: 547: 543: 539: 536: 535: 534: 533:public policy 530: 527: 525: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 505: 502: 498: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 482:Consideration 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 438: 437: 432: 428: 424: 423: 420: 416: 406: 401: 399: 394: 392: 387: 386: 384: 383: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 362:Peacebuilding 360: 358: 355: 353: 352:Peace process 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 277: 276: 275: 270: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 240: 239: 234: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 195: 194: 193: 190: 186: 179: 176: 175: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 163:De-escalation 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 150: 149: 148: 145: 141: 136: 133: 132: 131: 130: 125: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 98: 95: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85:Collaborative 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 72: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 52: 51: 50: 47: 43: 40: 36: 33: 29: 22: 5881: 5874: 5860: 5846: 5619:Jurisdiction 5587:Legal remedy 5542:Adjudication 5442:Legal theory 5280:Ratification 5275:Promulgation 5246:Proclamation 5226:Codification 5159:Human rights 5147:Divine right 5137:Constitution 5105:Women in law 5023:Military law 5018:Marriage law 5013:Maritime law 4912:Election law 4852:Aviation law 4842:Abortion law 4794:Property law 4730:Criminal law 4644: 4635: 4621:cite journal 4604: 4600: 4588: 4581: 4563: 4555: 4548: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4494: 4483: 4455: 4441:Bagshaw 1999 4436: 4431:, p. 87 4413:ResearchGate 4412: 4403: 4391:. Retrieved 4387: 4378: 4366: 4354: 4327: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4285:. Retrieved 4282:www.wipo.int 4281: 4272: 4260:, p. 38 4253: 4241: 4229: 4217:. Retrieved 4212: 4203: 4191:. Retrieved 4187: 4178: 4166:. Retrieved 4156: 4137: 4122: 4117: 4105:. Retrieved 4094: 4068:. Retrieved 4064: 4055: 4044:the original 4023: 4019: 4006: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3940: 3927: 3921:. p. 3. 3918: 3897:. Retrieved 3893: 3883: 3874: 3862:|title= 3829:. Retrieved 3822: 3810:. Retrieved 3800: 3788:. Retrieved 3778: 3766:. Retrieved 3756: 3744:. Retrieved 3734: 3722:. Retrieved 3712: 3700:. Retrieved 3696: 3687: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3648:. Retrieved 3644: 3635: 3623:. Retrieved 3619: 3610: 3598:. Retrieved 3594: 3584: 3574:18 September 3572:. Retrieved 3565:the original 3552: 3547:, p. 88 3540: 3531: 3519: 3503: 3495: 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3473: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3434: 3401: 3395: 3386: 3358: 3346: 3324:(1): 53–61. 3321: 3317: 3294: 3288:. July 2007. 3280: 3264: 3230: 3218:, p. 45 3211: 3192: 3180:, p. 11 3173: 3161: 3149:, p. 43 3142: 3130: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3073: 3066: 3057: 3041: 3038:Trenczek, T. 3031: 2986:Intermediary 2948: 2924: 2901: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2792: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2703: 2682: 2678: 2666: 2657:Conciliation 2656: 2655: 2652:Conciliation 2632: 2628: 2625:Alternatives 2619: 2610: 2587: 2567:jurisdiction 2560: 2549: 2536: 2527: 2512: 2503: 2499: 2481: 2473: 2468:duty of care 2465: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2446: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2399: 2395: 2358: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2323: 2317:October 2006 2314: 2299:Please help 2287: 2263: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2174: 2140: 2112: 2104: 2097: 2082: 2068: 2059: 2051: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2011: 2005:October 2017 2002: 1992: 1985: 1978: 1971: 1959: 1947:Please help 1942:verification 1939: 1916: 1890: 1881: 1868: 1859: 1850: 1837: 1828: 1824: 1808: 1804: 1785: 1776: 1764: 1755: 1732: 1725: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1680: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1593: 1586: 1582: 1561: 1512:Partnerships 1375: 1371: 1289: 1281: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1258:interlocutor 1257: 1253: 1250:interpolator 1249: 1246:philantropus 1245: 1241: 1237: 1234:internuncius 1233: 1229: 1218:civilization 1210: 1204: 1175: 1168: 1160: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1035:Criminal law 1017:Property law 972:Saudi Arabia 877: 860: 700: 641: 593: 544: 462:Posting rule 419:Contract law 357:Peace treaty 208:Brinkmanship 91: 65:Conciliation 32: 5791:Legislature 5722:Bureaucracy 5519:Rule of man 5514:Rule of law 5489:Libertarian 5352:Chinese law 5253:Legislation 5203:Regulations 5191:Law reports 5169:Natural law 5065:Reparations 5060:Refugee law 4983:Jurimetrics 4924:(Media law) 4862:Banking law 4857:Amnesty law 4835:Disciplines 4772:Private law 4429:Boulle 2005 4388:Ethics Sage 4347:Boulle 2005 4248:, p. 4 4088:Boulle 2005 3702:8 September 3545:Boulle 2005 3351:Cremin 2007 3257:Boulle 2005 3166:Boulle 2005 3135:Boulle 2005 3046:Baden-Baden 2890:emphasize " 2886:, mediator 2757:Arbitration 2700:Counselling 2552:arbitration 2228:Schlichtung 1964:"Mediation" 1856:Preparation 1751:real estate 1747:procurement 1606:Cost saving 1596:WorkChoices 1254:conciliator 1242:intercessor 873:Restitution 684:Arbitration 372:Rule of man 367:Peacemaking 320:Game theory 198:Appeasement 114:Negotiation 80:Rule of law 55:Arbitration 46:Nonviolence 5784:Law school 5664:Prosecutor 5602:Magistrate 5389:Jewish law 5347:Common law 5268:Rulemaking 5263:Regulation 5213:Law making 5152:Divine law 5128:Legal code 5075:Sports law 4998:Law of war 4948:Health law 4933:Family law 4917:Energy law 4867:Bankruptcy 4804:Punishment 4799:Public law 4504:0409319457 4477:References 3954:0415326575 3850:|url= 2912:postmodern 2863:Principles 2784:Philosophy 2766:Litigation 2717:behaviour. 2710:behaviour. 2686:litigation 2583:prosecutor 1975:newspapers 1865:Disclosure 1716:Peace Pals 1552:Non-profit 1480:Commercial 1469:Grievances 1464:Harassment 1420:businesses 1397:Separation 1389:Prenuptial 1366:Martinique 1347:solutions. 1321:Compliance 1211:proxenetas 1075:pandectist 1058:common law 838:Rescission 746:Delegation 741:Assignment 529:Illegality 477:Firm offer 223:Deterrence 28:Meditation 5905:Mediation 5762:Judiciary 5757:Executive 5732:The bench 5669:Solicitor 5644:Barrister 5524:Sociology 5509:Pseudolaw 5449:Anarchist 5406:Roman law 5394:Parsi law 5379:Hindu law 5367:Canon law 5342:Civil law 5295:Concordat 5186:Precedent 5095:Trust law 5070:Space law 4907:Drugs law 4777:Procedure 4715:Civil law 4040:143172307 3998:155022119 3945:Routledge 3600:16 August 3420:cite book 3338:144186898 3122:1468-2621 3011:Ombudsman 2674:statutory 2575:Confucian 2412:Liability 2288:does not 2269:Selection 2243:Australia 2171:Australia 2135:ceasefire 2100:Australia 2088:Australia 2074:Mediators 2048:Referrals 1872:discovery 1847:Authority 1815:reframing 1739:insurance 1612:Education 1579:Australia 1497:Contracts 1441:Workplace 1414:Eldercare 1330:Mutuality 1262:interpres 1226:Justinian 1222:Roman law 1171:mediation 1169:The term 1163:mediation 1161:The term 1156:negotiate 1140:Mediation 1077:tradition 947:Australia 794:Deviation 701:Mediation 434:Formation 305:Democracy 218:Diplomacy 213:Ceasefire 203:Armistice 127:Workplace 92:Mediation 5899:Category 5869:Category 5811:Tribunal 5796:Military 5639:Attorney 5609:Judgment 5469:Feminist 5384:Jain law 5181:Case law 4902:Cyberlaw 4809:Corporal 4787:Criminal 4757:Evidence 4747:Doctrine 4725:Contract 4513:62189591 4287:30 March 4219:30 March 4193:30 March 4145:Archived 3963:56012666 3899:30 March 3841:cite web 3768:12 March 3762:"NADRAC" 3052:, p. 23. 2954:See also 2920:morality 2594:coercive 2491:Variants 2387:Cost/fee 2372:Training 2355:Criteria 1821:Mediator 1636:unionism 1528:Land-use 1286:Benefits 1277:Augustus 1273:Kushites 1266:mediator 1178:dialogue 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