History of the Baháʼí Faith

799:. On the morning of July 9, 1850, the Báb was taken to the courtyard of the barracks in which he was being held, where thousands of people had gathered to watch. The Báb and a companion (a young man named Anis) were suspended on a wall and a large firing squad prepared to shoot. After the order was given to shoot and the smoke cleared, the Báb was no longer in the courtyard and Anis stood there unharmed; the bullets apparently had not harmed either man, but had cut the rope suspending them from the wall. The soldiers subsequently found the Báb in another part of the barracks, completely unharmed. He was tied up for execution a second time, a second firing squad was ranged in front of them, and a second order to fire was given. This time, the Báb and his companion were killed. Their remains were dumped outside the gates of the town to be eaten by animals. 732:, then Ambassador to Istanbul, and it included an enclosure from the Governor of Kirmánsháh protesting the arrest in Ottoman lands of a Persian mullá. Follow-up exchanges continued from January into April where diplomatic records of events end. Ottoman state archives affirm his arrival in Istanbul where he is then sentenced to serve in the naval ship yards at hard labor – the Ottoman ruler refusing to banishment him as it would be "difficult to control his activities and prevent him spreading his false ideas." The first public account was published Nov 1, 1845, in the 642:. Shaykh Ahmad's teachings included that the Imams were spiritual beings and thus, in contrast to the widespread Shiʻa belief, that the Imams existed within spiritual bodies, and not material bodies. He also taught that there must always exist the "Perfect Shiʻa" who serves as an intermediary between the Imams and the believers, and is the one who can visualize the consciousness of the Hidden Imam. In 1822 he left Iran and went to Iraq due to the controversy that his teachings had brought. There he also found himself at the centre of debate, thus deciding to move to 1119:. Baháʼu'lláh's assertion as an independent Manifestation of God made Ṣubḥ-i-Azal's leadership position irrelevant; Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, upon hearing Baháʼu'lláh's words in a tablet read to him, challenging him to accept Baháʼu'lláh's revelation, refused and challenged Baháʼu'lláh to a test of divine will at a local mosque, but he lost face when he did not appear. This caused a break within the Bábí community, and the followers of Baháʼu'lláh—who became the vast majority—became known as Baháʼís, while the followers of Ṣubḥ-i-Azal became known as 1155: 952: 755:

to secure reliable firsthand information about the movement that was sweeping his land. Upon learning of Vahid's conversion, the Shah called for the Báb to be brought to Tehran. The Prime Minister—fearing that his own position might be fatally undermined should the Shah also fall under the Báb’s influence—halted the Báb’s escort outside Tehran, then ordered instead that he be imprisoned in the remote fortress of

674: 1096: 5084: 50: 422: 948:(Black Pit), an underground dungeon of Tehran. According to Baháʼu'lláh, perhaps the lone survivor, it was during his imprisonment in the Síyáh-Chál that he had several mystical experiences, and that he received a vision of a Maiden from God, through whom he received his mission as a Messenger of God and as the One whose coming the Báb had prophesied. 1267:" revolution in 1908. Following his release he led a life of travelling, speaking, teaching, and maintaining correspondence with communities of believers and individuals, expounding the principles of the Baháʼí Faith. The remains of the Báb were buried on March 21, 1909, in a six-room mausoleum made of local stone. 912:, whose message he accepted, becoming a Bábí. Baháʼu'lláh began to spread the new cause, especially in his native province of Núr, becoming recognized as one of its most influential believers. The accompanying government suppression of the Báb's religion resulted in Baháʼu'lláh's being imprisoned twice and enduring 1048:

near Baghdad starting on April 22, 1863. During his stay in the garden a large number of friends came to see him before he left. It was during his time in the Garden of Ridván that Baháʼu'lláh declared to his companions his perceived mission and station as a Messenger of God. Today Baháʼís celebrate

931:

who, after the death of many prominent disciples, emerged as the mostly likely leaders. In a letter sent to Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, then aged around nineteen, the Báb appears to have indicated a high station or leadership position. The letter also orders Ṣubḥ-i-Azal to obey the Promised One when he appears; in

719:

The first accounts in the West of events related to the history of the Báb and his followers appears January 8, 1845, as an exchange of diplomatic reports not published in the newspapers. This was an account of the first Letter of the Living to be dispatched from the presence of the Báb – the second

939:

while the other, under the leadership of Bahaʼu'lláh, looked to rebuild relationships with the government and advance the Bábí cause by persuasion and the example of virtuous living. The militant group of Bábís was between thirty and seventy persons, only a small number of the total Bábí population

754:

debating clergy, many of whom became sympathetic. Among the most unexpected of those who embraced the Cause of the Báb was a brilliant theologian who bore the title of Vahid—meaning “unique”. A trusted advisor to the Shah, Vahid had been sent to interrogate the Báb on behalf of the king, who wished

1660:

Most scholarly sources estimate that there are from five to eight million Baháʼís in the world in the early 21st century. In 2020, the Secretariat of the Universal House of Justice wrote that, "on the basis of information received from Baháʼí communities across the world, and on reputable external

1467:

in 1963, making themselves ineligible for membership. By the time of the election of the Universal House of Justice, National Spiritual Assemblies had been elected in 56 countries and territories, a considerable increase over the 12 in existence at the start of the Ten Year Crusade in 1953. All of

1462:

in 1957 without children, the Baháʼí world was left without any eligible successor for the role of Guardian. The Hands of the Cause, who had been appointed by Shoghi Effendi as "Stewards," took over as a collective leadership, continued the Ten Year Crusade, and organized the first election of the

1519:

to offer short courses on Baháʼí beliefs, ranging in length from a weekend to nine days. The associated Ruhi Foundation, whose purpose was to systematically "consolidate" new Baháʼís, was registered in 1992, and since the late 1990s the courses of the Ruhi Institute have been the dominant way of

973:

started coming there from Persia. In Baghdad people began to look to Ṣubḥ-i-Azal for leadership less and less due to his policy of remaining hidden, and instead saw Baháʼu'lláh as their leader. Ṣubḥ-i-Azal started to try to discredit Baháʼu'lláh and further divided the community. The actions of

943:

Baháʼu'lláh met briefly with a couple of the radical Bábí leaders and learned of an assassination plan. He condemned the plan, but was soon asked to leave Tehran by the authorities. In the vacuum of leadership on August 15, 1852, about 3 Bábís attempted the assassination of the Shah and failed.

1600:

As Baháʼí communities were not established in all countries and territories during the Ten Year Crusade launched by Shoghi Effendi, new national Baháʼí communities continued to be formed and those who established them continued to receive the title of Knights of Baháʼu'lláh. The last Knight of

711:, one of the Shaykhis, to be the one whose coming was prophesied by Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kázim and the bearer of divine knowledge. Within five months, seventeen other disciples of Siyyid Káẓim had recognized the Báb as a Manifestation of God. These eighteen disciples were later known as the 1558:

have regularly had their homes ransacked or been banned from holding government jobs, and several hundred have received prison sentences for their religious beliefs, for instance for participating in Baháʼí study circles. Baháʼí cemeteries have been desecrated and property has been seized and

1126:

Starting in 1866, while in Adrianople, Baháʼu'lláh started writing a series of letters to world rulers, proclaiming his station as the promised one of all religions. His letters also asked them to renounce their material possessions, work together to settle disputes, and endeavour towards the

783:

was also spreading across the country, and the Islamic government saw it as a threat to state religion, even going so far as to send military forces against the Bábís. Communities of Bábís established themselves in Iran and Iraq, and in 1850 reached several cities of Azarbaijan. Coverage in

920:, where 81 prominent Bábís met for 22 days; at that conference where there was a discussion between those Bábís who wanted to maintain Islamic law and those who believed that the Báb's message began a new dispensation, Baháʼu'lláh took the pro-change side, which eventually won out. 715:

and were given the task of spreading the new faith across Iran and Iraq. The Báb initially attracted most of the followers of the Shaykhí movement, but soon his teachings went far beyond those roots and attracted prominent followers across Iran. His followers were known as Bábís.

653:

of Rasht to lead the Shaykhí movement, which he did until his death in 1843. Siyyid Kázim formulated many of the thoughts that were ambiguously expressed by Shaykh Ahmad including the doctrine of salvation history and the cycles of revelation. His teaching brought a sense of

932:

practise, Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, however, seems to have had little widespread legitimacy and authority. Baháʼu'lláh in the meantime, while in private hinted at his own high station, in public kept his messianic secret from most and supported Ṣubḥ-i-Azal in the interest of unity.

778:

in April 1848. In that place as well, the Báb's popularity grew and his jailors relaxed restrictions on him. Hence the Prime Minister ordered the Báb back to Tabriz where the government called on religious authorities to put the Báb on trial for blasphemy and apostasy.

1652:

argues that this is due to the Baháʼí strategy of establishing a presence everywhere possible even if sometimes only a very small one. The only countries with no Baháʼís documented as of 2008 are Vatican City and North Korea. Also, while Israel is a destination for

749:

After some time, preaching by the Letters of the Living led to opposition by the Islamic clergy, prompting the Governor of Shiraz to order the Báb's arrest. After being under house arrest in Shiraz from June 1845 to September 1846, the Báb spent several months in

1575:

forbid Baháʼís to dissimulate their religious beliefs. In 1987, the Baháʼí community established its own program of higher education whose classes were held in private homes and had an enrolment of approximately 900 students, which evolved to become known as the

1001:. In Baghdad, given the lack of firm and public leadership by Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, the Bábí community had fallen into disarray. Some Bábís, including Baháʼu'lláh's family, thus searched for Baháʼu'lláh, and pleaded with him to come back to Baghdad, which he did in 1856. 1601:

Baháʼu'lláh, Sean Hinton, received the title after bringing the religion to Mongolia in 1988. On May 28, 1992, during a commemoration for the centenary of the Baháʼu'lláh's death, a "Roll of Honour" with the names of the Knights of Baháʼu'lláh was deposited by

658:

hope among the Shaykhis that the Hidden Imam may return. Siyyid Kazim did not leave a successor, but before his death in December, 1843, he had counselled his followers to leave their homes to seek the Mahdi, who according to his prophecies would soon appear.

1668:

message to the worldwide Baháʼí community. This was followed by the beginning of a nine-year teaching plan launched in 2022's Ridván message. These two teaching plans are intended as the first two in a longer series of plans covering the period of 2021–2046.

1020:. Baháʼu'lláh's gatherings attracted many notables, both locals and Iranian pilgrims, giving him greater influence in Baghdad and in Iran. His rising influence in the city, and the revival of the Persian Bábí community gained the attention of his enemies in 1177:. After some time, the people and officials began to trust and respect Baháʼu'lláh, and thus the conditions of the imprisonment were eased and eventually, after Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz's death, he was allowed to leave the city and visit nearby places. 849:

While the Báb claimed a station of revelation, he also claimed no finality for his revelation. A constant theme in his works, especially the Persian Bayan was that of the great Promised One, the next embodiment of the Primal Will, whom the Báb termed

1597:, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects, while by 1987 there were 1,482. 1492:, it was not possible to appoint another Guardian. The Universal House of Justice today remains the supreme governing body of the Baháʼí Faith, and its nine members are elected every five years. The Universal House of Justice is supported by the 1503:. Up to the year 2000, there were six of these: the Nine-Year Plan (1964–1973), the Five-Year Plan (1974–1979), the Seven-Year Plan (1979–1986), the Six-Year Plan (1986–1992), the Three-Year Plan (1993–1996), and the Four-Year Plan (1996–2000). 1164:

The disagreements between the Baháʼís and the Azalís allowed the Ottoman and Persian authorities to exile Baháʼu'lláh once again. Baháʼu'lláh and his family left Adrianople on August 12, 1868, and after a journey by land and sea arrived in

553:

once the Baháʼí Faith had spread sufficiently for such elections to be meaningful. During Shoghi Effendi's time as leader of the religion there was a great increase in the number of Baháʼís, and he presided over the election of many

854:, promised in the sacred writings of previous religions would soon establish the Kingdom of God on the Earth. The Báb's writings have an emphasis on recognizing a future prophet, "He whom God shall make manifest", when he arrives. 530:, Baháʼu'lláh's son, who was appointed by Baháʼu'lláh, and was accepted by almost all Baháʼís. Under the leadership of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, the religion gained a footing in Europe and America, and was consolidated in Iran, where it still 1080:, stayed in Constantinople for only four months. Due to his refusal to build alliances with the Ottoman politicians, Baháʼu'lláh had no means of resisting pressure from the Iranian ambassador to exile him further away, and Sultan 795:, ordered the execution of the Báb, probably because various Bábí insurrections had been defeated and the movement's popularity appeared to be waning. The Báb was brought back to Tabríz from Chihríq, so that he could be shot by a 1259:

Baháʼu'lláh was succeeded by his eldest son, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. In Baháʼu'lláh's will, he was designated as the "Center of the Covenant," the head of the Baháʼí Faith, and the sole authoritative interpreter of Baháʼu'lláh's writings.

968:

in early 1853. A small number of Bábís, including his half-brother Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, followed Baháʼu'lláh to Baghdad. An increasing number of Bábís considered Baghdad the new centre for leadership of the Bábí religion, and a flow of

1657:, Baháʼí staff in Israel do not teach their religion to Israelis following the policy of the Baháʼí administration. The members of the Baháʼí Faith remain nearly entirely united in a single, organized, hierarchical community. 1394:; carried on a voluminous correspondence with communities and individuals around the world; and built the administrative structure of the Faith, preparing the community for the election of the Universal House of Justice. 1637:

writes that as of 2006 the Baháʼí Faith was established in 191 independent countries, with 179 National Spiritual Assemblies, and that Baháʼí literature had been translated into 800 languages by that year. According to

1571:, one of three sites to which Baháʼís perform pilgrimage, has been destroyed twice. The Iranian government forbids Baháʼís from attending university unless they identify themselves as Muslims on entrance exams, but the 944:

Notwithstanding the assassins' claim that they were working alone, the entire Bábí community was blamed, and a slaughter of several thousand Bábís followed. Amidst the general violence some Bábís were imprisoned in the

1274:

on which he spoke about the Baháʼí Faith, especially from 1910 to 1913, and maintained correspondence with communities of believers and individuals, expounding the principles of the Baháʼí Faith. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá died in

977:

On April 10, 1854, Baháʼu'lláh left Baghdad in order to distance himself from Ṣubḥ-i-Azal and as to avoid becoming the source of disagreement within the Bábí community; he left with one companion to the mountains of

959:

The government later found Baháʼu'lláh innocent of complicity in the assassination plot, and he was released from the Síyáh-Chál, but the government exiled him from Iran. Baháʼu'lláh chose to go to Iraq in the

1506:

Starting with the Nine-Year Plan that began in 1964, the Baháʼí leadership sought to continue the expansion of the religion but also to "consolidate" new members, meaning increase their knowledge of the

1685:

and other nearby predominantly Muslim regions. Next, in the "international" stage from c.1892 to c.1953, the Baháʼí Faith spread beyond predominantly Muslim regions and arrived in many countries in the

515:. Amidst these banishments, in 1863 in Baghdad, Baháʼu'lláh claimed to be the messianic figure expected by the Báb's writings, and the majority of Bábís eventually converted to become known as Baháʼís. 1440:," in which Baháʼís relocate to places within their country or in another country where there are not Baháʼí communities. Those who started Baháʼí communities in new countries were given the title of 940:

of perhaps 100,000. Their meetings appear to have come under the control of a "Husayn Jan", an emotive and magnetic figure who obtained a high degree of personal devotion to himself from the group.

5375: 1664:

The most recent full election of the Universal House of Justice was on 29 April 2018. A one-year Baháʼí teaching plan was launched in 2021 by the Universal House of Justice's annual

377: 1191:, just outside Acre, even though he was still formally a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire. During his years in Acre and Bahjí, Baháʼu'lláh produced many volumes of work including the 729: 1432:, the highest elected Baháʼí body, for the first time in 1963 with National Spiritual Assemblies around the world participating in the election. This plan is commonly known as the 4244:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 4683: 1352: 1197:. On May 9, 1892, Baháʼu'lláh contracted a slight fever which grew steadily over the following days, abated, and then finally took his life on May 29, 1892. He was buried in a 1770:, and sects based on attempts to form alternative leadership have either become extinct with time or have remained in extremely small numbers; their members are shunned as 1390:

Shoghi Effendi throughout his lifetime translated the sacred writings of the Baháʼí Faith; developed global plans for the expansion of the Baháʼí community; developed the

4319: 566:, with its members elected every five years. Baháʼí sources and most scholarly works estimate the current worldwide Baháʼí population to be from five to eight million. 451: 1468:

these National Spiritual Assemblies participated in the election of the Universal House of Justice as envisioned in Shoghi Effendi's plan for the Ten Year Crusade.

5117: 5112: 1410: 1271: 107: 102: 4601: 1767: 1577: 788:. In the fall of 1850 newspaper coverage fell behind quickly unfolding events. Though the Báb was named for the first time he had in fact already been executed. 5437: 1068:

was the beginning of a long process which would gradually move him into further exiles and eventually the penal colony of Akká, Ottomon Empire's Palestine (now

1005: 1488: 1371: 1304: 542: 4626: 1528: 1214: 901:

came to power. After his father died, Baháʼu'lláh was asked to take a government post by the new vizier Haji Mirza Aqasi, but he declined the position.

1661:

sources," the current estimate for the number of Baháʼís worldwide is "about eight million" and that Baháʼís reside in "well over 100,000 localities."

5316: 5040: 4382: 4361: 4340: 759:, near the Turkish border. The excuse given to the Shah was that the Báb’s arrival in the capital might lead to great public distress and disorder. 5442: 5380: 3795: 1316: 1263:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had shared his father's long exile and imprisonment. This imprisonment continued until ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's own release as a result of the " 382: 1413:

given the religious divide within her family. That said, while Marie prayed "better at home with books and teachings," she continued to attend a

1524: 1405:. Marie corresponded with Shoghi Effendi and praised the Baháʼí Faith, leading many Baháʼís to describe her as the first Crowned Head to accept 3595:

Hutchinson, Sandra; Hollinger, Richard (2006). "Women in the North American Baháʼí Community". In Keller, Rosemary; Ruether, Rosemary (eds.).

1181: 935:

In 1852, two years after the execution of the Bábí, the Bábís were polarized with one group speaking of violent retribution against the Shah,

4562: 4518: 4440: 3775: 3469: 3371: 3333: 3193: 3135: 1737: 1744:, can be found in its original form as document F.O. 60/152/88 in the archives of the Foreign Office at the Public Records Office in London. 1499:

Since its first election in 1963, the Universal House of Justice has overseen many international plans to spread the Baháʼí Faith, known as

1340: 1242: 1173:, Baháʼu'lláh's son, was suddenly killed at the age of twenty-two when he fell through a skylight while pacing back and forth in prayer and 444: 1544: 5093: 1708: 624:" is then defined from the time when the Hidden Imam ceased to communicate regularly until the time when he returns to restore the world. 4977: 4435:. Numen Book Series – Studies in the History of Religions -Texts and Sources in the History of Religions. Vol. 122. Leiden: Brill. 5269: 5197: 5127: 1104: 1073: 272: 191: 117: 5002: 4864: 4594: 4540: 878: 4147: 3572: 1441: 1284: 701: 503:

was imprisoned during a subsequent wave of massacre by the Persian government against Bábís in 1852, was exiled to Iraq, and then to

4496: 4474: 3944: 3745: 3719: 3633: 3606: 3553: 3513: 3447: 3409: 3297: 3275: 3256: 3234: 3212: 3166: 3100: 3060: 3027: 3008: 2989: 2970: 2951: 802:

The remains, however, were rescued by a handful of Bábis and were hidden. Over time the remains were secretly transported by way of

1532: 1516: 1226: 5322: 4183: 1606: 1198: 1158: 322: 4972: 725: 5400: 5312: 5107: 1628: 1348: 1320: 1312: 1222: 1202: 620:" between 874 and 941 CE where the Hidden Imam still communicated with the community through four official intermediaries. The " 437: 317: 201: 97: 526:

empires, at which time he had followers in thirteen countries of Asia and Africa. Leadership of the religion then passed on to

5243: 1336: 1308: 1292: 1280: 1238: 531: 244: 4419: 4323: 1733: 1690:. Finally, in the "global" stage from c.1953 to the present day, the Baháʼí Faith spread almost worldwide, especially in the 1140: 5417: 5202: 3991:(August 2008). "Millennialism and Violence: The Attempted Assassination of Nasir al-Din Shah of Iran by the Babis in 1852". 1500: 1376: 1328: 1324: 1300: 1218: 1210: 998: 563: 425: 196: 33: 4892: 4882: 4587: 1540: 1493: 1425: 555: 5033: 1677:

The Baháʼí Faith's history has also been broken into three stages based on the religion's geographic spread by historian

1555: 1421: 1045: 5344: 1437: 1391: 344: 4701: 3893:

Fozdar, Farida (2015). "The Baha'i Faith: A Case Study in Globalization, Mobility and the Routinization of Charisma".

993:. At one point someone noticed his remarkable penmanship, which brought the curiosity of the instructors of the local 5405: 4279: 3842: 1169:

on August 31. The first years in Acre imposed very harsh conditions on, and held very trying times for, Baháʼu'lláh.

407: 5207: 1640: 1590: 1483: 1477: 1464: 1429: 1380: 1004:

Baháʼu'lláh remained in Baghdád for seven more years. During this time, while keeping his perceived station as the

559: 550: 206: 5395: 5349: 5181: 1654: 1539:, and it also has a working relationship with various other United Nations agencies and enterprises including the 843: 638:

The Shaykhi movement was a school of theology within Twelver Shiʻa Islam that was started through the teaching of

402: 397: 349: 173: 4947: 4872: 1536: 1344: 796: 5385: 5102: 1594: 1572: 1508: 1201:

located next to the Mansion of Bahjí in Israel. During his lifetime, communities of Baháʼís were established in

886: 387: 92: 4937: 4877: 1619:, who became Baháʼí in 1968 and died in 2007, was the first serving head of state to embrace the Baháʼí Faith. 562:

was first elected in 1963, and since that time the Universal House of Justice has been the highest body in the

537:

After the death of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in 1921, the leadership of the Baháʼí community was passed on to his grandson,

5274: 5233: 5132: 5026: 1703: 277: 234: 122: 1288: 1206: 1111:. Baháʼu'lláh stayed in Adrianople for four and a half years. In Adrianople Baháʼu'lláh made his claim to be 5175: 4719: 4658: 4528: 4074: 3729: 3686: 3343: 1741: 1678: 1332: 1296: 974:

Subh-i-Azal drove many people away from the religion and allowed its enemies to continue their persecution.

167: 5390: 5063: 1713: 1406: 1379:. In this document ʻAbdu'l-Bahá established the institutions of the appointed Guardianship and the elected 1234: 1230: 1127:

betterment of the world and its peoples. Some of these leaders written to in the coming years include Pope

924: 863: 500: 421: 392: 64: 49: 4932: 4915: 4820: 4808: 4800: 4636: 3222: 3159:

Religious Dimensions of Child and Family Life: Reflections on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

2963:

The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. III: Apocalypticism in the Modern Period and the Contemporary Age

1612: 1136: 1132: 492:

government and the Bábís, and ebbed when government troops massacred them, and executed the Báb in 1850.

5284: 4967: 3810: 3737: 1681:. First, in the "Islamic" stage from 1844 to c.1892, Bábism and then the Baháʼí Faith originated in the 1154: 917: 721: 712: 287: 5161: 5073: 5049: 4243: 1602: 1436:. The means for spreading the Baháʼí Faith was what Baháʼís beginning with Shoghi Effendi have called " 1254: 1010: 951: 831: 527: 465: 153: 74: 41: 3868:"How to measure Baha'i religiosity: The CRSi-20 for Baha'is as a first reliable and valid measurement" 3711: 3703: 3505: 3497: 3082: 1056:

After travelling for four months over land, Baháʼu'lláh arrived in the capital of the Ottoman Empire,

928: 846:

for Baháʼís. The Shrine is a protected site and in 2008 was listed on UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

5334: 4854: 4846: 4711: 4673: 4621: 4163: 3625: 3617: 1740:, the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, on July 22, 1850, regarding the execution. The 839: 334: 5122: 112: 4987: 4825: 4752: 4747: 4645: 4610: 4489:

Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Baha'i Faith in the Nineteenth Century Middle East

1188: 898: 830:

in 1899. In 1909, the remains were finally interred in a special tomb, erected for this purpose by

700:

of the city; his father died while he was quite young and the boy was raised by his maternal uncle

5339: 945: 476:. Shaykhism centred on theosophical doctrines and many Shaykhis expected the return of the hidden 339: 5264: 5212: 5137: 4982: 4762: 4757: 4239: 4008: 3931: 3423: 3377: 3141: 1582: 1551: 1453: 1283:

in the Shrine of the Báb, in Haifa, Israel. During his lifetime communities of Baháʼís formed in

1144: 1116: 936: 767: 267: 211: 127: 1560: 2961:

Amanat, Abbas (2000). "Resurgence of Apocalyptic in Modern Islam". In Stein, Stephen J. (ed.).

1593:

dated October 20, 1983, was released. Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the

1044:

Before he left Baghdad on the way to Constantinople, Baháʼu'lláh camped for twelve days in the

4910: 4905: 4772: 4724: 4568: 4558: 4555:

Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective

4536: 4514: 4492: 4470: 4446: 4436: 4415: 4062: 4021: 3771: 3741: 3715: 3629: 3602: 3549: 3509: 3475: 3465: 3462:

Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective

3443: 3415: 3405: 3367: 3329: 3293: 3271: 3252: 3230: 3208: 3189: 3162: 3131: 3096: 3056: 3023: 3004: 2985: 2966: 2947: 1771: 1754: 1564: 1170: 610: 597:

who will return near the end of time to restore the world and the religion of God. While both

17: 3323: 5154: 4813: 4739: 4663: 4299: 4086: 4054: 4033: 4000: 3923: 3902: 3879: 3763: 3397: 3359: 3123: 3088: 1433: 1398: 1193: 771: 743: 146: 3071: 986:. For two years Baháʼu'lláh lived alone in the mountains of Kurdistan living the life of a 4942: 4900: 4155: 3435: 3389: 3347: 3111: 5289: 3956: 905: 650: 292: 4430: 4252: 3972: 3681: 3396:. Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 3317:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Korea – via Baháʼí Library Online. 3308: 1008:

hidden, he taught the Báb's teachings. He published many books and verses including the

5259: 4785: 4691: 4668: 4550: 4012: 3541: 3457: 3285: 1649: 1512: 1459: 1384: 1364: 1057: 1033: 1029: 961: 751: 546: 538: 523: 519: 512: 504: 484:

proclaimed himself to be the return of the hidden Imam. As the Bábí movement spread in

262: 5431: 4696: 4506: 4463: 4037: 3935: 3668: 3643: 3427: 3381: 3312: 3185: 3154: 3145: 2940: 1687: 1025: 742:

returned after traveling with the Báb. The story was also carried from Nov 15 by the

4204: 3914:

Geller, Randall S. (2019). "The Baha'i minority in the State of Israel, 1948–1957".

5359: 5168: 4925: 4458: 4341:"[Regarding the upcoming Nine Year Plan of the worldwide Bahá'í community]" 3988: 3755: 3585: 3244: 1691: 1645: 1634: 1568: 1166: 1128: 1069: 1016: 983: 827: 823: 734: 708: 693: 639: 477: 359: 160: 3927: 673: 3647: 3596: 3178: 1486:

in 1963, it then ruled that given the unique situation and the provisions of the

4790: 4148:"The Bahaʼis of the Caucasus: From Russian Tolerance to Soviet Repression {2/3}" 3037: 1682: 1402: 1049:

the twelve days that Baháʼu'lláh was in the Garden of Ridván as the festival of

655: 1644:, the Baháʼí Faith is the second-most geographically widespread religion after 997:

orders. During his time in Kurdistan he wrote many notable books including the

5294: 5007: 4997: 4920: 4218: 3767: 3419: 1414: 1264: 1174: 1085: 807: 792: 775: 763: 756: 580: 508: 489: 297: 4572: 4450: 4066: 4045:

Smith, Peter (2014). "The Baha'i Faith: Distribution Statistics, 1925–1949".

3906: 3479: 3363: 3249:

The Bábí and Baháʼí Religions, 1844–1944 – Some Contemporary Western Accounts

3127: 1077: 4780: 4729: 4484: 4090: 4058: 4004: 3355: 3119: 2982:

Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844–1850

1095: 1081: 979: 913: 633: 518:

At the time of Baháʼu'lláh's death the tradition was mostly confined to the

469: 5279: 5238: 4465:

Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Bábí Movement in Iran 1844–1850

3828:

Buck, Christopher (2003). "Islam and Minorities: The Case of the Baháʼís".

3563:"Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2002". 2942:

Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Bábí Movement in Iran 1844–1850

1665: 1586:

described the program as "an elaborate act of communal self-preservation."

1112: 1099:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Adrianople with his brothers and companions of Baháʼu'lláh. 1050: 851: 780: 739: 668: 496: 473: 282: 239: 4272: 3401: 3092: 1648:

in terms of being present in the highest number of locations. Sociologist

784:

newspapers in the West reoccurred in 1849 including in the French journal

738:. It was centered on events in Shiraz when the last Letter of the Living, 480:. Many Shaykhis joined the messianic Bábí movement in the 1840s where the 4992: 4533:

The Babi and Baha'i Religions: From Messianic Shi'ism to a World Religion

3710:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 3624:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 3504:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 3041: 1401:, former queen-consort of Romania, was introduced to the Baháʼí Faith by 1148: 1061: 894: 890: 815: 697: 606: 602: 594: 3884: 3867: 3081:

Grim, Brian; Johnson, Todd; Skirbekk, Vegard; Zurlo, Gina, eds. (2016).

2594: 1736:'s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Tehran, wrote to 923:

Before his death, the Báb had been in correspondence with two brothers,

5083: 4579: 1589:

The Baháʼí Faith entered a new phase of activity when a message of the

1065: 1021: 990: 970: 965: 811: 803: 468:

has its background in two earlier movements in the nineteenth century,

774:, which he never finished. He was then transferred to the fortress of 5327: 4107: 2606: 1879: 1877: 1535:(UNICEF). In 1989, the BIC developed a working relationship with the 1409:'s teachings. She was especially drawn to the Baháʼí teaching of the 1120: 1108: 1089: 994: 882: 874: 819: 682: 327: 5068: 4131: 909: 897:, a position that he was stripped of during a government purge when 689: 481: 69: 4022:"The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments" 3758:(2011). "Baha'i". In Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (eds.). 3176:

MacEoin, Denis (2000). "Baha'i Faith". In Hinnells, John R. (ed.).

770:

close to the Turkish border, he began his most important work, the

5354: 4077:(2016). "Babi–Baha'i Expansion and "Geo-Cultural Breakthroughs"". 1616: 1276: 1094: 950: 835: 678: 672: 643: 598: 590: 586: 354: 3853:(2). National Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States: 30–34 2098: 2096: 2094: 3346:(2022). "Ch. 41: The History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths". In 3153:

Hatcher, John (1996). "Child and Family in Baha'i Religion". In

987: 485: 5022: 5018: 4583: 3993:

Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions

4167: 613:, who is believed to have gone into occultation since 874 CE. 1064:). Although not a formal prisoner yet, the forced exile from 3659:

MacEoin, Denis (1989a). "Bāb, Sayyed ʻAli Mohammad Sirazi".

2335: 2333: 593:

is a messianic figure who is believed to be a descendant of

4219:"Early mention of Bábís in western newspapers, summer 1850" 3440:

The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 2: Adrianople 1863-68

3205:

The Baha'i: The religious Construction of a Global Identity

2891: 2867: 3796:"The Specter of Ideological Genocide: The Baháʼís of Iran" 2879: 1383:. In that same document he appointed his eldest grandson, 1092:), which was a site for the exile of political prisoners. 605:

groups believe in the Mahdi, the largest Shiʻa group, the

549:

as the first Guardian, and called for the election of the

4511:

The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism

4114:. Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs. 2020 2855: 2641: 2639: 2566: 2564: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2350: 2348: 2057: 2055: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 746:

which was subsequently echoed widely in other countries.

4432:

The Genesis of the Bábí-Baháʼí Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs

4271:

International Federation of Human Rights (August 2003).

2389: 2387: 1864: 1862: 1531:(ECOSOC) and in 1976 it gained the same status with the 1417:

church and her daughter denied that she ever converted.

1187:

The final years of Baháʼu'lláh's life were spent in the

616:

In the Twelver view the Twelfth Imam first went into a "

4300:"First newspaper story of the events of the Bábí Faith" 2457: 2455: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1883: 1180:

From 1877 until 1879 Baháʼu'lláh lived in the house of

4318:

Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (8 March 2006).

2779: 2777: 2656: 2654: 2190: 2188: 2186: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1849: 1847: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 730:

Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe

688:

Siyyid ʻAlí-Muhammad, who later took on the title the

4273:"Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran" 4184:"Iran Closes 'University' Run Covertly By the Bahais" 2551: 2549: 2547: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2161: 2159: 724:. The British diplomat who recorded these events was 4253:"Notes on Research on National Spiritual Assemblies" 3314:

Raising the Banner in Korea; An Early Baháʼí History

3292:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 2474: 2472: 2470: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 1894: 1892: 904:

At the age of 28, Baháʼu'lláh received a messenger,

5368: 5305: 5252: 5221: 5190: 5146: 5091: 5056: 4960: 4891: 4863: 4845: 4838: 4799: 4771: 4738: 4710: 4682: 4644: 4635: 3803:

War Crimes, Genocide, & Crimes Against Humanity

3598:

Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America

3084:

Yearbook of International Religious Demography 2016

2366: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 1103:During the month of December 1863, Baháʼu'lláh and 4462: 3949:Research Notes in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies 3177: 2939: 2102: 762:During the Báb’s incarceration in the fortress of 3392:(July 2020). James R. Lewis; Margo Kitts (eds.). 3207:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 2126: 4429:Afnan, Habibuʾllah (2008). Ahang Rabbani (ed.). 3536:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 3498:"Messianism: Messianism in the Muslim Tradition" 3309:"The First Mention of the Baháʼí Faith in Korea" 1559:occasionally demolished, including the House of 1028:. They were eventually successful in having the 495:The Báb had spoken of another messianic figure, 4339:Universal House of Justice (30 December 2021). 3601:. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. 889:. Mírzá Buzurg was later appointed governor of 649:Before the death of Shaykh Ahmad, he appointed 3110:Hassall, Graham (2022). "Ch. 48: Oceania". In 2150: 2138: 873:Baháʼu'lláh was born on November 12, 1817, in 609:, believe that the Mahdi is the Twelfth Imam, 5034: 4595: 2595:International Federation of Human Rights 2003 2339: 1387:, as the first Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith. 445: 8: 3394:The Bahá'í Faith, Violence, and Non-Violence 3180:The New Penguin Handbook of Living Religions 3076:. Woodbury, NY: Barron's Educational Series. 2672: 2114: 1520:teaching the Baháʼí Faith around the world. 1420:In 1953, Shoghi Effendi launched a ten-year 916:torture once. Baháʼu'lláh also attended the 720:Letter of the Living and first Babi martyr, 4146:Balci, Bayram; Jafarov, Azer (2007-02-21), 4130:Baháʼí World News Service (30 April 2018). 3227:The Baha'i Faith: Its History and Teachings 2843: 1933: 1753:Baháʼís did enter Korea in 1921 before the 5041: 5027: 5019: 4842: 4641: 4627:List of religions and spiritual traditions 4602: 4588: 4580: 3895:Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 3734:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 3548:. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 1988. 3161:. Victoria, B.C.: University of Victoria. 2831: 2696: 2645: 2607:Netherlands Institute of Human Rights 2006 2354: 2282: 2061: 1817: 1529:United Nations Economic and Social Council 1527:(BIC) gained consultative status with the 452: 438: 28: 4535:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4412:Historical Dictionary of the Baháʼí Faith 3883: 3702:Scholl, Steven; Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2005). 1496:and other appointed Baháʼí institutions. 1472:Universal House of Justice (1963–present) 4469:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 3229:. Pasadena, Ca.: William Carey Library. 2946:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 2819: 2807: 2795: 2570: 1999: 1910: 1838: 1805: 1153: 1147:of the Persian Empire and the rulers of 885:to Imám-Virdi Mírzá, the twelfth son of 488:, violence broke out between the ruling 4491:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3945:"The Primal Point's Will and Testament" 3843:""Persia": An Early Mention of the Báb" 2783: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2660: 2630: 2582: 2526: 2514: 2490: 2422: 2194: 1974: 1962: 1868: 1787: 1725: 1424:with the goal of establishing many new 982:, north-east of Baghdad, near the city 40: 3973:"Baha'u'llah's Seclusion in Kurdistan" 3523:Arjomand, Said Amir (1989). "GÚAYBA". 3001:The Báb: The Herald of the Day of Days 2768: 2555: 2405: 2393: 2378: 2324: 2165: 2085: 2073: 2023: 1945: 1898: 1448:Ministry of the Custodians (1957–1963) 1359:Ministry of Shoghi Effendi (1921–1957) 1040:Declaration and afterwards (1863–1892) 834:, on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land in 541:, who was appointed in ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's 499:. As one of the followers of the Báb, 4988:History of theology (Greco-Abrahamic) 3579:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. 2915: 2903: 2744: 2684: 2538: 2502: 2478: 2461: 2446: 2434: 2301: 2177: 2046: 1853: 1623:Current state of the Baháʼí community 1578:Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education 7: 4285:from the original on 31 October 2006 4132:"Universal House of Justice Elected" 4020:Momen, Moojan; Smith, Peter (1989). 2756: 2618: 2270: 2217: 1545:United Nations Environment Programme 1249:Ministry of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (1892–1921) 1107:embarked on a twelve-day journey to 877:. Baháʼu'lláh's father was entitled 646:, he died in 1826 on his way there. 4978:Evolutionary psychology of religion 4381:Universal House of Justice (2022). 4360:Universal House of Justice (2021). 3325:An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith 2011: 692:, was born on October 20, 1819, in 4513:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. 4205:"A Brief Biography of Baha'u'llah" 4182:Bronner, Ethan (29 October 1998). 3584:Cole, Juan (1989). "Baha'-allah". 1511:. In this vein, in the 1970s, the 1489:Will and Testament of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1372:Will and Testament of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1270:Following his release, he went on 791:In mid-1850 a new prime minister, 707:In May 1844 the Báb proclaimed to 25: 1279:on November 28, 1921, and is now 1032:call Baháʼu'lláh from Baghdad to 5082: 4973:Evolutionary origin of religions 4389:. Bahá’í International Community 4368:. Bahá’í International Community 4347:. Bahá’í International Community 4134:. Baháʼí International Community 3567:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2002. 3270:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 2892:Universal House of Justice 2021a 2868:Universal House of Justice 2021b 1281:buried in one of the front rooms 1248: 1115:more public through letters and 1113:Him whom God shall make manifest 955:Map of Baháʼu'lláh's banishments 726:Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet 420: 48: 5443:History of religion by religion 4414:. Oxford, UK: Scarecrow Press. 4383:"[Riḍván Message 2022]" 4362:"[Riḍván Message 2021]" 4246:. pp. 9–11, 22–24, 47–128. 3794:Affolter, Friedrich W. (2005). 3760:Encyclopedia of Global Religion 3573:"Religion: Year In Review 2010" 3051:Cameron, G.; Momen, W. (1996). 2880:Universal House of Justice 2022 2367:Hutchinson & Hollinger 2006 1458:With the unexpected passing of 852:He whom God shall make manifest 497:He whom God shall make manifest 3971:Ma'sumian, Bijan (Fall 1993). 3328:. Cambridge University Press. 3073:Islam: Beliefs and Observances 2856:Baháʼí World News Service 2018 1533:United Nations Children's Fund 1525:Baháʼí International Community 1143:of Great Britain and Ireland, 1076:, along with a small group of 842:remains an important place of 18:Bahá'í Faith by continent 1: 4259:. Asia Pacific Baháʼí Studies 3928:10.1080/00263206.2018.1520100 3830:Studies in Contemporary Islam 3496:Aghaie, Kamran Scott (2005). 3442:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 3352:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 3251:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 3116:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 3055:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 3022:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 3003:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 1541:UN Development Fund for Women 1494:International Teaching Centre 1426:National Spiritual Assemblies 556:National Spiritual Assemblies 4079:Journal of Religious History 4047:Journal of Religious History 4038:10.1016/0048-721X(89)90077-8 1884:World Religion Database 2020 1605:at the entrance door of the 1563:, Baháʼu'lláh's father. The 1353:the United States of America 5438:History of the Bahá'í Faith 4320:"Iran, Islamic Republic of" 4242:Residing in the Holy Land. 3943:Manuchehri, Sepehr (2004). 3841:Cadwalader, Robert (1977). 3809:(1): 75–114. Archived from 3546:Britannica Book of the Year 3532:Bausani, A. (1999). "Bāb". 1768:schisms in the Baháʼí Faith 1709:Outline of the Baháʼí Faith 1377:Baháʼí administrative order 704:, who was also a merchant. 532:suffers intense persecution 5459: 5208:Universal House of Justice 3706:. In Lindsay Jones (ed.). 3682:"Marie Alexandra Victoria" 3620:. In Lindsay Jones (ed.). 3500:. In Lindsay Jones (ed.). 3203:McMullen, Michael (2000). 3020:Baháʼu'lláh, King of Glory 1626: 1591:Universal House of Justice 1484:Universal House of Justice 1482:After the election of the 1478:Universal House of Justice 1475: 1465:Universal House of Justice 1451: 1430:Universal House of Justice 1381:Universal House of Justice 1362: 1252: 861: 666: 631: 578: 560:Universal House of Justice 551:Universal House of Justice 207:Universal House of Justice 5414: 5376:Socioeconomic development 5080: 4617: 4410:Adamson, Hugh C. (2006). 3768:10.4135/9781412997898.n61 3680:Marcus, Della L. (2015). 3671:(1989b). "Baha'i Faith". 3307:Sims, Barbara R. (1996). 3070:Farah, Caesar E. (1970). 3053:A Basic Baháʼí Chronology 1537:World Health Organization 545:. The document appointed 378:Socioeconomic development 4387:Bahá’í Reference Library 4366:Bahá’í Reference Library 4345:Bahá’í Reference Library 4298:Kolins, Steven (2013) . 4251:Hassall, Graham (2000). 3907:10.1558/jasr.v28i3.28431 3866:Demmrich, Sarah (2020). 3708:Encyclopedia of Religion 3648:"Bahai and Babi Schisms" 3622:Encyclopedia of Religion 3616:Hutter, Manfred (2005). 3502:Encyclopedia of Religion 3364:10.4324/9780429027772-48 3128:10.4324/9780429027772-55 2673:Cameron & Momen 1996 2115:Balci & Jafarov 2007 1084:banished Baháʼu'lláh to 869:Within the Bábí movement 5198:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 5176:Some Answered Questions 4125:(subscription required) 4112:World Religion Database 4091:10.1111/1467-9809.12280 4059:10.1111/1467-9809.12207 4013:10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.57 4005:10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.57 3577:Encyclopædia Britannica 3565:Encyclopædia Britannica 3266:Pakula, Hannah (1984). 3223:Miller, William McElwee 2965:. New York: Continuum. 1934:Scholl & Rizvi 2005 1673:Alternate periodization 1641:Encyclopædia Britannica 1629:Baháʼí Faith by country 581:Messianism § Islam 192:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 168:Some Answered Questions 5381:Progressive revelation 3916:Middle Eastern Studies 3087:. Vol. 3. Brill. 3018:Balyuzi, H.M. (2000). 2999:Balyuzi, H.M. (1973). 2980:Amanat, Abbas (2005). 2938:Amanat, Abbas (1989). 2646:Momen & Smith 1989 2127:Bahai-library.com 2010 2103:Hands of the Cause n.d 1613:Malietoa Tanumafili II 1442:Knights of Baháʼu'lláh 1375:is the charter of the 1161: 1137:Alexander II of Russia 1133:Napoleon III of France 1100: 956: 702:Ḥájí Mírzá Siyyid ʻAlí 685: 640:Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsá'í 383:Progressive revelation 5323:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 5285:Letters of the Living 4968:Evolution of morality 4164:"The Time of the Báb" 3762:. SAGE Publications. 3738:Oneworld Publications 3534:Encyclopedia of Islam 3402:10.1017/9781108613446 3322:Smith, Peter (2008). 3093:10.1163/9789004322141 1607:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 1501:Baháʼí teaching plans 1159:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 1157: 1098: 954: 918:Conference of Badasht 908:, telling him of the 822:and thence by sea to 713:Letters of the Living 677:Shrine of the Báb in 676: 579:Further information: 564:Baháʼí administration 323:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 288:Letters of the Living 5213:Spiritual Assemblies 5203:Administrative Order 4622:Timeline of religion 4611:History of religions 4190:. The New York Times 4108:"Baha'is by Country" 3687:Encyclopædia Iranica 3673:Encyclopædia Iranica 3661:Encyclopædia Iranica 3652:Encyclopædia Iranica 3587:Encyclopædia Iranica 3525:Encyclopædia Iranica 3358:. pp. 501–512. 3122:. pp. 591–602. 1422:Baháʼí teaching plan 1006:Manifestation of God 887:Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar 722:Mullá ʻAlí-i-Bastámí 212:Spiritual Assemblies 197:Administrative Order 4826:Kardecist spiritism 4203:Cole, Juan (1996). 3955:(2). Archived from 3885:10.3390/rel11010029 3390:Stockman, Robert H. 3354:. Oxfordshire, UK: 3348:Stockman, Robert H. 3184:(Second ed.). 3118:. Oxfordshire, UK: 3112:Stockman, Robert H. 2529:, pp. 209–210. 2517:, pp. 205–207. 2505:, pp. 169–170. 2408:, pp. 304–305. 2153:, pp. 273–289. 2151:Shoghi Effendi 1944 2139:Shoghi Effendi 1944 2026:, pp. 241–242. 1766:There are no major 1517:Baháʼís in Colombia 1392:Baháʼí World Centre 1072:). Baháʼu'lláh and 881:while he served as 826:on the plain below 766:in the province of 728:who wrote first to 622:Greater Occultation 5265:Hands of the Cause 5138:Nineteen Day Feast 4983:History of atheism 4240:Hands of the Cause 4188:The New York Times 3542:"The Baháʼí Faith" 2747:, pp. 79, 95. 1732:Sir Justin Shiel, 1583:The New York Times 1552:Iranian Revolution 1454:Hands of the Cause 1397:During this time, 1305:the United Kingdom 1162: 1101: 1030:Ottoman government 1026:Persian government 957: 937:Nasser-al-Din Shah 857: 686: 575:Islamic messianism 268:Hands of the Cause 128:Nineteen Day Feast 5425: 5424: 5335:Shrine of the Báb 5118:Unity of religion 5113:Unity of humanity 5016: 5015: 4956: 4955: 4834: 4833: 4564:978-90-474-0746-1 4557:. Leiden: Brill. 4520:978-90-04-17035-3 4442:978-90-04-17054 4 4304:Bahai-Library.com 4223:Bahai-library.com 3777:978-0-7619-2729-7 3471:978-90-474-0746-1 3464:. Leiden: Brill. 3373:978-1-138-36772-2 3335:978-0-521-86251-6 3268:The Last Romantic 3195:978-0-14-051480-3 3155:Coward, Harold G. 3137:978-1-138-36772-2 3038:Browne, Edward G. 2984:. Kalimat Press. 2846:, pp. 17–25. 2822:, pp. 36–37. 1977:, pp. 30–41. 1772:Covenant-breakers 1755:Division of Korea 1655:Baháʼí pilgrimage 1523:In May 1970, the 1411:unity of religion 1145:Násiriʼd-Dín Sháh 1011:Book of Certitude 840:Shrine of the Báb 786:Revue de l'Orient 618:Minor Occultation 611:Muhammad al-Mahdi 462: 461: 335:Shrine of the Báb 108:Unity of religion 103:Unity of humanity 16:(Redirected from 5450: 5313:House of Worship 5169:The Hidden Words 5086: 5043: 5036: 5029: 5020: 4843: 4642: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4581: 4576: 4546: 4524: 4502: 4485:Cole, Juan R. I. 4480: 4468: 4454: 4425: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4322:. Archived from 4314: 4312: 4310: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4284: 4277: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4247: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4159: 4154:, archived from 4142: 4140: 4139: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4094: 4070: 4041: 4016: 3984: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3939: 3910: 3889: 3887: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3837: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3815: 3800: 3787:Journal articles 3781: 3751: 3725: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3676: 3664: 3655: 3639: 3612: 3591: 3580: 3568: 3559: 3537: 3528: 3519: 3483: 3453: 3431: 3385: 3339: 3318: 3303: 3281: 3262: 3240: 3218: 3199: 3183: 3172: 3149: 3106: 3077: 3066: 3047: 3033: 3014: 2995: 2976: 2957: 2945: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2844:Grim et al. 2016 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2649: 2643: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2559: 2553: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2465: 2459: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2328: 2322: 2305: 2299: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2268: 2221: 2215: 2198: 2192: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2050: 2044: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1887: 1881: 1872: 1866: 1857: 1851: 1842: 1836: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1775: 1774:by the majority. 1764: 1758: 1751: 1745: 1730: 1595:Baháʼí teachings 1573:Baháʼí teachings 1565:House of the Báb 1509:Baháʼí teachings 1434:Ten Year Crusade 1428:and forming the 1399:Marie of Romania 1272:several journeys 1225:, (what is now) 1189:Mansion of Bahjí 1046:Garden of Ridván 744:Literary Gazette 454: 447: 440: 424: 318:House of Worship 202:The Guardianship 161:The Hidden Words 52: 29: 21: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5410: 5364: 5301: 5248: 5217: 5186: 5142: 5087: 5078: 5057:Central figures 5052: 5047: 5017: 5012: 4952: 4933:Illyro-thracian 4887: 4859: 4830: 4795: 4767: 4734: 4706: 4678: 4631: 4613: 4608: 4565: 4551:Warburg, Margit 4549: 4543: 4527: 4521: 4505: 4499: 4483: 4477: 4457: 4443: 4428: 4422: 4409: 4406: 4404:Further reading 4401: 4392: 4390: 4380: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4350: 4348: 4338: 4329: 4327: 4317: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4278:. Paris: FIDH. 4275: 4270: 4262: 4260: 4250: 4237: 4228: 4226: 4217: 4209: 4207: 4202: 4193: 4191: 4181: 4173: 4171: 4162: 4145: 4137: 4135: 4129: 4124: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4073: 4044: 4019: 3987: 3977:Deepen Magazine 3970: 3962: 3960: 3942: 3913: 3892: 3865: 3856: 3854: 3840: 3827: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3754: 3748: 3728: 3722: 3701: 3692: 3690: 3679: 3667: 3658: 3642: 3636: 3615: 3609: 3594: 3583: 3571: 3562: 3556: 3540: 3531: 3522: 3516: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3472: 3458:Warburg, Margit 3456: 3450: 3434: 3412: 3388: 3374: 3342: 3336: 3321: 3306: 3300: 3284: 3278: 3265: 3259: 3243: 3237: 3221: 3215: 3202: 3196: 3175: 3169: 3152: 3138: 3109: 3103: 3080: 3069: 3063: 3050: 3036: 3030: 3017: 3011: 2998: 2992: 2979: 2973: 2960: 2954: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2832:Britannica 2010 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2723:, pp. 6–7. 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2697:Britannica 2002 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2652: 2644: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2562: 2554: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2468: 2460: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2421: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2392: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2355:Britannica 1988 2353: 2346: 2338: 2331: 2323: 2308: 2300: 2289: 2283:Manuchehri 2004 2281: 2277: 2269: 2224: 2216: 2201: 2193: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2164: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2062:Cadwalader 1977 2060: 2053: 2045: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1897: 1890: 1882: 1875: 1867: 1860: 1852: 1845: 1837: 1824: 1818:Taherzadeh 1977 1816: 1812: 1804: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1765: 1761: 1752: 1748: 1738:Lord Palmerston 1731: 1727: 1722: 1704:Baháʼí timeline 1700: 1675: 1633:Baháʼí scholar 1631: 1625: 1603:Rúhíyyih Khanum 1556:Iranian Baháʼís 1515:was founded by 1480: 1474: 1456: 1450: 1367: 1361: 1257: 1251: 1042: 1024:clergy and the 964:and arrived in 871: 866: 860: 671: 665: 636: 630: 583: 577: 572: 458: 413: 412: 373: 365: 364: 313: 305: 304: 258: 250: 249: 225: 217: 216: 187: 179: 178: 141: 133: 132: 88: 80: 79: 60: 59:Central figures 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5430: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5320: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5260:Shoghi Effendi 5256: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5229:Baháʼí history 5225: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5089: 5088: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5023: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4961:Related topics 4958: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4948:Vedic Hinduism 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4805: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4786:Zoroastrianism 4783: 4777: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4650: 4648: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4563: 4547: 4542:978-0521301282 4541: 4525: 4519: 4507:MacEoin, Denis 4503: 4497: 4481: 4475: 4455: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4378: 4357: 4336: 4315: 4295: 4268: 4257:Research notes 4248: 4235: 4225:. 17 Aug 2010 4215: 4200: 4179: 4160: 4143: 4127: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4085:(2): 225–236. 4071: 4053:(3): 352–369. 4042: 4017: 3985: 3968: 3940: 3922:(3): 403–418. 3911: 3901:(3): 274–292. 3890: 3863: 3838: 3825: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3776: 3752: 3746: 3736:. Oxford, UK: 3726: 3720: 3699: 3677: 3669:MacEoin, Denis 3665: 3656: 3644:MacEoin, Denis 3640: 3634: 3613: 3607: 3592: 3581: 3569: 3560: 3554: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3514: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3470: 3454: 3448: 3436:Taherzadeh, A. 3432: 3410: 3386: 3372: 3340: 3334: 3319: 3304: 3298: 3286:Shoghi Effendi 3282: 3276: 3263: 3257: 3247:, ed. (1981). 3241: 3235: 3219: 3213: 3200: 3194: 3173: 3167: 3150: 3136: 3107: 3101: 3078: 3067: 3061: 3048: 3034: 3028: 3015: 3009: 2996: 2990: 2977: 2971: 2958: 2952: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2810:, p. 195. 2800: 2788: 2773: 2761: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2713: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2675:, p. 483. 2665: 2650: 2635: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2587: 2585:, p. 156. 2575: 2560: 2543: 2541:, p. 272. 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2466: 2464:, p. 220. 2451: 2449:, p. 270. 2439: 2437:, p. 337. 2427: 2425:, p. 213. 2410: 2398: 2396:, p. 337. 2383: 2371: 2369:, p. 779. 2359: 2344: 2340:Ma'sumian 1993 2329: 2306: 2287: 2275: 2222: 2199: 2182: 2170: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2107: 2090: 2088:, p. 257. 2078: 2066: 2051: 2028: 2016: 2004: 1979: 1967: 1950: 1938: 1915: 1903: 1888: 1873: 1871:, p. 220. 1858: 1856:, p. 509. 1843: 1822: 1820:, p. 125. 1810: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1759: 1746: 1734:Queen Victoria 1724: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1714:Baháʼí studies 1711: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1674: 1671: 1650:Margit Warburg 1624: 1621: 1513:Ruhi Institute 1476:Main article: 1473: 1470: 1460:Shoghi Effendi 1452:Main article: 1449: 1446: 1385:Shoghi Effendi 1365:Shoghi Effendi 1363:Main article: 1360: 1357: 1253:Main article: 1250: 1247: 1141:Queen Victoria 1058:Constantinople 1041: 1038: 1034:Constantinople 962:Ottoman Empire 870: 867: 862:Main article: 859: 856: 667:Main article: 664: 661: 632:Main article: 629: 626: 576: 573: 571: 568: 547:Shoghi Effendi 539:Shoghi Effendi 513:Ottoman Empire 505:Constantinople 460: 459: 457: 456: 449: 442: 434: 431: 430: 429: 428: 415: 414: 411: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 331: 330: 320: 314: 311: 310: 307: 306: 303: 302: 301: 300: 295: 290: 280: 275: 270: 265: 263:Shoghi Effendi 259: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 247: 242: 237: 232: 230:Baháʼí history 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 188: 185: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176: 171: 164: 157: 150: 142: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 89: 86: 85: 82: 81: 78: 77: 72: 67: 61: 58: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 38: 37: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5455: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5420: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5275:Other Baháʼís 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5155:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147:Key scripture 5145: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4893:Indo-European 4890: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4791:Manichaeanism 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4598: 4593: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4498:9780231110815 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4476:0-8014-2098-9 4472: 4467: 4466: 4460: 4459:Amanat, Abbas 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4326:on 2 May 2006 4325: 4321: 4316: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4281: 4274: 4269: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4206: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4158:on 2008-08-15 4157: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4133: 4128: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3989:Momen, Moojan 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3959:on 2006-02-13 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3816:on 2012-07-22 3812: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3779: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3756:Momen, Moojan 3753: 3749: 3747:1-85168-184-1 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3721:0-02-865733-0 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3635:0-02-865733-0 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3610: 3608:0-25334-685-1 3604: 3600: 3599: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3555:0-85229-486-7 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3515:0-02-865733-0 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3489:Encyclopedias 3488: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3449:0-85398-071-3 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3411:9781108613446 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3299:0-87743-020-9 3295: 3291: 3290:God Passes By 3287: 3283: 3279: 3277:0-671-46364-0 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3258:0-85398-102-7 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3236:0-87808-137-2 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3214:0-8135-2836-4 3210: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3170: 3168:1-55058-104-X 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3102:9789004322141 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3062:0-85398-404-2 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3029:0-85398-328-3 3025: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3010:0-85398-048-9 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2991:1-890688-42-8 2987: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2972:0-8264-1255-6 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2953:0-8014-2098-9 2949: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2820:Stockman 2020 2816: 2813: 2809: 2808:McMullen 2000 2804: 2801: 2797: 2796:Demmrich 2020 2792: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2576: 2573:, p. 39. 2572: 2571:McMullen 2000 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2141:, p. 52. 2140: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000:MacEoin 1989a 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1948:, p. 54. 1947: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911:Arjomand 1989 1907: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839:Affolter 2005 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806:MacEoin 1989b 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1688:Western world 1684: 1680: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1543:(UNIFEM) and 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1461: 1455: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1366: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1194:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 1190: 1185: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1088:(current-day 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1047: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 989: 985: 981: 975: 972: 967: 963: 953: 949: 947: 941: 938: 933: 930: 926: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 902: 900: 899:Muhammad Shah 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 868: 865: 855: 853: 847: 845: 841: 837: 836:Haifa, Israel 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 798: 794: 789: 787: 782: 777: 773: 772:Persian Bayán 769: 765: 760: 758: 753: 747: 745: 741: 737: 736: 731: 727: 723: 717: 714: 710: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 684: 680: 675: 670: 662: 660: 657: 652: 647: 645: 641: 635: 627: 625: 623: 619: 614: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 582: 574: 569: 567: 565: 561: 557: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 516: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 455: 450: 448: 443: 441: 436: 435: 433: 432: 427: 423: 419: 418: 417: 416: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 375: 369: 368: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 329: 326: 325: 324: 321: 319: 316: 315: 309: 308: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 285: 284: 281: 279: 278:Other Baháʼís 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 260: 254: 253: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 221: 220: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 189: 183: 182: 175: 172: 170: 169: 165: 163: 162: 158: 156: 155: 151: 149: 148: 147:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 144: 143: 140:Key scripture 137: 136: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 90: 84: 83: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 56: 55: 51: 47: 46: 43: 39: 35: 31: 30: 27: 19: 5416: 5369:Other topics 5345:World Centre 5290:Mullá Husayn 5228: 5191:Institutions 5174: 5167: 5162:Kitáb-i-Íqán 5160: 5153: 5108:Unity of God 5074:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 5050:Baháʼí Faith 5003:Roman School 4926:Neoplatonism 4883:Mesopotamian 4720:Confucianism 4659:Christianity 4653: 4637:Major groups 4554: 4532: 4529:Smith, Peter 4510: 4488: 4464: 4431: 4411: 4391:. Retrieved 4386: 4370:. Retrieved 4365: 4349:. Retrieved 4344: 4328:. Retrieved 4324:the original 4307:. Retrieved 4303: 4287:. Retrieved 4261:. Retrieved 4256: 4238:Compiled by 4227:. Retrieved 4222: 4208:. Retrieved 4192:. Retrieved 4187: 4172:. Retrieved 4156:the original 4151: 4136:. Retrieved 4116:. Retrieved 4111: 4082: 4078: 4075:Smith, Peter 4050: 4046: 4029: 4025: 3999:(1): 57–82. 3996: 3992: 3980: 3976: 3961:. Retrieved 3957:the original 3952: 3948: 3919: 3915: 3898: 3894: 3875: 3871: 3855:. Retrieved 3850: 3846: 3836:(1): 83–106. 3833: 3829: 3818:. Retrieved 3811:the original 3806: 3802: 3759: 3733: 3730:Smith, Peter 3707: 3704:"Shaykhīyah" 3693:27 September 3691:. Retrieved 3685: 3672: 3660: 3651: 3621: 3597: 3586: 3576: 3564: 3545: 3533: 3524: 3501: 3461: 3439: 3393: 3351: 3344:Smith, Peter 3324: 3313: 3289: 3267: 3248: 3226: 3204: 3179: 3158: 3115: 3083: 3072: 3052: 3042: 3019: 3000: 2981: 2962: 2941: 2911: 2899: 2887: 2875: 2863: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2784:MacEoin 1988 2764: 2752: 2740: 2735:, p. 7. 2733:Warburg 2006 2728: 2721:Warburg 2006 2716: 2709:MacEoin 2000 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2661:Hassall 2022 2631:Bronner 1998 2626: 2614: 2602: 2590: 2583:Hatcher 1996 2578: 2534: 2527:Warburg 2006 2522: 2515:Warburg 2006 2510: 2498: 2491:Hassall 2000 2486: 2442: 2430: 2423:Warburg 2006 2401: 2374: 2362: 2278: 2195:Balyuzi 2000 2173: 2146: 2134: 2122: 2110: 2081: 2069: 2019: 2007: 1975:Balyuzi 1973 1970: 1963:Bausani 1999 1941: 1906: 1869:Warburg 2006 1813: 1762: 1749: 1728: 1692:Global South 1676: 1663: 1659: 1646:Christianity 1639: 1635:Moojan Momen 1632: 1611: 1599: 1588: 1581: 1561:Mírzá Buzurg 1549: 1522: 1505: 1498: 1487: 1481: 1457: 1419: 1396: 1389: 1370: 1368: 1341:South Africa 1269: 1262: 1258: 1255:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1243:Turkmenistan 1192: 1186: 1179: 1163: 1125: 1102: 1070:Acre, Israel 1055: 1043: 1017:Hidden Words 1015: 1009: 1003: 999:Four Valleys 984:Sulaymaniyah 976: 958: 942: 934: 922: 906:Mullá Husayn 903: 879:Mírzá Buzurg 872: 848: 832:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 828:Mount Carmel 824:Acre, Israel 801: 797:firing squad 790: 785: 761: 748: 735:London Times 733: 718: 709:Mulla Husayn 706: 687: 651:Siyyid Kázim 648: 637: 621: 617: 615: 584: 536: 528:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 517: 494: 490:Shiʿa Muslim 478:Twelfth Imam 466:Baháʼí Faith 463: 372:Other topics 345:World Centre 293:Mullá Husayn 229: 186:Institutions 166: 159: 154:Kitáb-i-Íqán 152: 145: 98:Unity of God 75:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 42:Baháʼí Faith 26: 5406:Orthography 5244:Persecution 5182:Other Texts 5064:Baháʼu'lláh 4855:Paleolithic 4847:Prehistoric 4821:New Thought 4809:Neopaganism 4118:21 December 3983:(1): 18–26. 3847:World Order 2769:Geller 2019 2556:Fozdar 2015 2406:Miller 1974 2394:Pakula 1984 2379:Marcus 2015 2325:Hutter 2005 2166:Browne 1889 2086:Amanat 1989 2074:Kolins 2013 2024:Amanat 2000 1946:Amanat 2005 1899:Aghaie 2005 1683:Middle East 1679:Peter Smith 1407:Baháʼu'lláh 1403:Martha Root 1345:Switzerland 1317:Netherlands 1171:Mirzá Mihdí 929:Ṣubḥ-i-Azal 925:Baháʼu'lláh 864:Baháʼu'lláh 858:Baháʼu'lláh 656:millenarian 501:Baháʼu'lláh 408:Orthography 245:Persecution 174:Other Texts 65:Baháʼu'lláh 5432:Categories 5401:Statistics 5396:Prophecies 5350:Pilgrimage 5340:Síyáh-Chál 5008:Secularism 4998:Irreligion 4921:Gnosticism 4839:Historical 4712:East Asian 4684:Amerindian 4421:0810864673 4289:20 October 4263:2008-12-21 4210:2006-06-22 4174:2010-10-02 4152:Caucaz.com 4138:2018-05-25 3963:2007-09-29 3820:2009-04-20 3420:1173507653 2926:References 2916:Smith 2016 2904:Smith 2014 2745:Smith 2008 2685:Momen 2011 2539:Smith 2000 2503:Smith 2000 2479:Smith 2022 2462:Smith 2000 2447:Smith 2000 2435:Smith 2000 2302:Momen 2008 2178:Farah 1970 2047:Momen 1981 1854:Smith 2022 1627:See also: 1550:Since the 1438:pioneering 1415:Protestant 1265:Young Turk 1175:meditation 1109:Adrianople 1105:his family 1086:Adrianople 1074:his family 946:Síyáh-Chál 844:pilgrimage 808:Kermanshah 793:Amir Kabir 768:Azarbaijan 570:Background 509:Adrianople 403:Statistics 398:Prophecies 350:Pilgrimage 340:Síyáh-Chál 5386:Cosmology 5103:Teachings 4865:Near East 4781:Mithraism 4674:Rastafari 4646:Abrahamic 4573:234309958 4451:0169-8834 4067:1467-9809 4032:: 63–91. 3936:149907274 3878:(1): 29. 3872:Religions 3712:8307–8309 3646:(1988) . 3618:"Bahā'īs" 3506:5979–5983 3480:234309958 3428:225389995 3382:244705793 3356:Routledge 3245:Momen, M. 3146:244697166 3120:Routledge 2757:Sims 1996 2619:Buck 2003 2271:Cole 1989 2218:Cole 1996 1782:Citations 1720:Footnotes 1554:of 1979, 1285:Australia 1082:Abdulaziz 980:Kurdistan 914:bastinado 634:Shaykhism 628:Shaykhism 470:Shaykhism 388:Cosmology 93:Teachings 5418:Category 5270:Apostles 5234:Timeline 5133:Calendar 5092:Basics ( 4993:Humanism 4911:Germanic 4873:Egyptian 4753:Hinduism 4748:Buddhism 4553:(2006). 4531:(1987). 4509:(2009). 4487:(1998). 4461:(1989). 4280:Archived 4026:Religion 3732:(2000). 3460:(2006). 3438:(1977). 3288:(1944). 3225:(1974). 3040:(1889). 2012:BBC 2009 1698:See also 1547:(UNEP). 1227:Pakistan 1182:Mazra'ih 1062:Istanbul 1014:and the 971:pilgrims 895:Lorestan 891:Burujird 816:Damascus 698:merchant 607:Twelvers 595:Muhammad 426:Category 273:Apostles 235:Timeline 123:Calendar 34:a series 32:Part of 5391:Symbols 5295:Táhirih 5222:History 5094:outline 5069:The Báb 4878:Semitic 4773:Iranian 4763:Sikhism 4758:Jainism 4669:Judaism 3626:737–740 3350:(ed.). 3186:Penguin 3157:(ed.). 3114:(ed.). 1349:Tunisia 1321:Hungary 1313:Germany 1289:Austria 1223:Lebanon 1215:Georgia 1203:Armenia 1149:America 1135:, Czar 1129:Pius IX 1117:tablets 1066:Baghdad 1022:Islamic 991:dervish 966:Baghdad 812:Baghdad 804:Isfahan 776:Chihríq 752:Isfahan 524:Ottoman 520:Persian 511:in the 393:Symbols 298:Táhirih 224:History 70:The Báb 5328:Qiblih 5306:Places 5253:People 5239:Bábism 5128:Prayer 4943:Slavic 4906:Celtic 4901:Baltic 4801:Modern 4740:Indian 4730:Shinto 4725:Taoism 4654:Baháʼí 4571: 4561: 4539: 4517: 4495: 4473: 4449: 4439: 4418: 4393:19 May 4372:19 May 4351:19 May 4330:31 May 4309:Apr 5, 4229:Apr 5, 4194:20 May 4170:. 2009 4065: 4011: 3934: 3857:Apr 5, 3774: 3744: 3718: 3632: 3605: 3552: 3512: 3478: 3468: 3446: 3426: 3418: 3408: 3380: 3370: 3332: 3296: 3274: 3255: 3233: 3211: 3192: 3165: 3144: 3134: 3099: 3059: 3043:Bábism 3026: 3007: 2988: 2969: 2950: 1742:letter 1666:Ridván 1569:Shiraz 1351:, and 1337:Russia 1333:Jordan 1315:, the 1309:France 1297:Canada 1293:Brazil 1241:, and 1239:Turkey 1199:Shrine 1121:Azalis 1090:Edirne 1051:Ridván 883:vizier 875:Tehran 838:. The 820:Beirut 781:Bábism 757:Máh-Kú 740:Quddús 694:Shiraz 683:Israel 669:Bábism 663:Bábism 589:, the 558:. The 474:Bábism 328:Qiblih 312:Places 257:People 240:Bábism 118:Prayer 87:Basics 36:on the 5355:Haifa 5280:Bábis 4938:Roman 4916:Greek 4814:Wicca 4697:Mayan 4692:Aztec 4664:Islam 4283:(PDF) 4276:(PDF) 4100:Other 4009:JSTOR 3932:S2CID 3814:(PDF) 3799:(PDF) 3424:S2CID 3378:S2CID 3142:S2CID 2931:Books 1617:Samoa 1329:Japan 1325:Italy 1301:China 1277:Haifa 1235:Syria 1231:Sudan 1219:India 1211:Egypt 1207:Burma 1078:Bábís 1060:(now 818:, to 696:to a 679:Haifa 644:Mecca 603:Shiʻa 599:Sunni 591:Mahdi 587:Islam 355:Haifa 283:Bábis 5360:Acre 5317:List 5123:Laws 4702:Inca 4569:OCLC 4559:ISBN 4537:ISBN 4515:ISBN 4493:ISBN 4471:ISBN 4447:ISSN 4437:ISBN 4416:ISBN 4395:2022 4374:2022 4353:2022 4332:2006 4311:2018 4291:2006 4231:2018 4196:2022 4120:2020 4063:ISSN 3859:2018 3772:ISBN 3742:ISBN 3716:ISBN 3695:2017 3630:ISBN 3603:ISBN 3550:ISBN 3510:ISBN 3476:OCLC 3466:ISBN 3444:ISBN 3416:OCLC 3406:ISBN 3368:ISBN 3330:ISBN 3294:ISBN 3272:ISBN 3253:ISBN 3231:ISBN 3209:ISBN 3190:ISBN 3163:ISBN 3132:ISBN 3097:ISBN 3057:ISBN 3024:ISBN 3005:ISBN 2986:ISBN 2967:ISBN 2948:ISBN 1369:The 1167:Acre 995:Sufi 988:Sufi 927:and 893:and 814:and 764:Maku 601:and 543:will 522:and 507:and 486:Iran 472:and 464:The 360:Acre 113:Laws 4168:BBC 4087:doi 4055:doi 4034:doi 4001:doi 3924:doi 3903:doi 3880:doi 3764:doi 3398:doi 3360:doi 3124:doi 3089:doi 1615:of 1567:in 910:Báb 806:, 690:Báb 585:In 482:Báb 5434:: 4567:. 4445:. 4385:. 4364:. 4343:. 4302:. 4255:. 4221:. 4186:. 4166:. 4150:, 4110:. 4083:40 4081:. 4061:. 4051:39 4049:. 4030:19 4028:. 4024:. 4007:. 3997:12 3995:. 3979:. 3975:. 3951:. 3947:. 3930:. 3920:55 3918:. 3899:28 3897:. 3876:11 3874:. 3870:. 3851:11 3849:. 3845:. 3832:. 3805:. 3801:. 3770:. 3740:. 3714:. 3684:. 3650:. 3628:. 3575:. 3544:. 3508:. 3474:. 3422:. 3414:. 3404:. 3376:. 3366:. 3311:. 3188:. 3140:. 3130:. 3095:. 2776:^ 2653:^ 2638:^ 2563:^ 2546:^ 2469:^ 2454:^ 2413:^ 2386:^ 2347:^ 2332:^ 2309:^ 2290:^ 2225:^ 2202:^ 2185:^ 2158:^ 2093:^ 2054:^ 2031:^ 1982:^ 1953:^ 1918:^ 1891:^ 1876:^ 1861:^ 1846:^ 1825:^ 1790:^ 1694:. 1609:. 1580:. 1444:. 1355:. 1347:, 1343:, 1339:, 1335:, 1331:, 1327:, 1323:, 1319:, 1311:, 1307:, 1303:, 1299:, 1295:, 1291:, 1287:, 1245:. 1237:, 1233:, 1229:, 1221:, 1217:, 1213:, 1209:, 1205:, 1184:. 1151:. 1139:, 1131:, 1123:. 1053:. 1036:. 810:, 681:, 534:. 5319:) 5315:( 5096:) 5042:e 5035:t 5028:v 4603:e 4596:t 4589:v 4575:. 4545:. 4523:. 4501:. 4479:. 4453:. 4424:. 4397:. 4376:. 4355:. 4334:. 4313:. 4293:. 4266:. 4233:. 4213:. 4198:. 4177:. 4141:. 4122:. 4093:. 4089:: 4069:. 4057:: 4040:. 4036:: 4015:. 4003:: 3981:1 3966:. 3953:7 3938:. 3926:: 3909:. 3905:: 3888:. 3882:: 3861:. 3834:5 3823:. 3807:1 3780:. 3766:: 3750:. 3724:. 3697:. 3675:. 3663:. 3654:. 3638:. 3611:. 3590:. 3558:. 3527:. 3518:. 3482:. 3452:. 3430:. 3400:: 3384:. 3362:: 3338:. 3302:. 3280:. 3261:. 3239:. 3217:. 3198:. 3171:. 3148:. 3126:: 3105:. 3091:: 3065:. 3046:. 3032:. 3013:. 2994:. 2975:. 2956:. 2918:. 2906:. 2894:. 2882:. 2870:. 2858:. 2834:. 2798:. 2786:. 2771:. 2759:. 2711:. 2699:. 2687:. 2663:. 2648:. 2633:. 2621:. 2609:. 2597:. 2558:. 2493:. 2481:. 2381:. 2357:. 2342:. 2327:. 2304:. 2285:. 2273:. 2220:. 2197:. 2180:. 2168:. 2129:. 2117:. 2105:. 2076:. 2064:. 2049:. 2014:. 2002:. 1965:. 1936:. 1913:. 1901:. 1886:. 1841:. 1808:. 1757:. 453:e 446:t 439:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

History of the Baháʼí Faith

Index