524:
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461:
482:
For several years the area was exploited in order to extract slab stone. In the course of this activity, an extraordinary fossil was found due to its conservation status and its size, which was handed over to the
Argentine paleontologist Mario Hünicken who in 1980 described it as
1161:
Di Paola, Elda; Armella, Claudia (1996). "Microfacies microbialiticas y briofiticas paleozoicas del Bajo de Veliz, San Luis, Argentina" [Microbialitic and bryophytic
Paleozoic microfacies from Bajo de Veliz, San Luis, Argentina].
478:
The Bajo de Véliz
Formation was defined by Flores in 1969, and then studied in greater detail by Hünicken and Pensa, in 1972. Hünicken and Pensa estimated a geological column of 168 meters in thickness.
1362:
931:
Césari, Silvia N.; Chiesa, Jorge O. (2017-10-01). "Palynology of the Bajo de Veliz
Formation, central-western Argentina: Implications for Carboniferous–Permian transition biostratigraphy".
1352:
1051:
Fernández, Johana A.; Chiesa, Jorge O. (2019-12-11). "Plant-insect interactions in the fossil flora of the Bajo de Veliz
Formation (Gzhelian - Asselian): San Luis, Argentina".
507:. The main geographical feature is a 12 km long depression. The Cautana Creek runs along most of its length. The stratigraphic succession of Bajo de Véliz is exposed by rocky
1357:
1005:"Meanderovaleichnus huenickeni ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. from the Bajo de Véliz Formation (Upper Carboniferous–Permian), Argentina: A new case of worm-type burrowing"
730:
The Lomas member (13 meters thick) contains sandstone, which is medium to coarse-grained and ranges in color from yellowish to dark greenish, crowning the formation.
431:
age of the early
Permian, though there is still ambiguity as insects associated with that layer have been assigned to the late Pennsylvanian of the Carboniferous.
1307:
1302:
1312:
761:
of ancient biological activity. Most of its remains originate from the
Carboniferous-Permian boundary, and include plants, arthropods, and worms.
567:, which means it is a depressed block of the crust bordered by higher parallel faults. As a result, it is surrounded by much older rock which is
339:
1372:
489:. Research carried out subsequently produced remarkable findings in successive strata, several of which present evidence of insect fossils,
1367:
197:
770:
1317:
236:
614:
sedimentary grains. Geologists starting with Hünicken and Pensa have classified the Bajo de Véliz unit into three component
502:
309:
1347:
1342:
1184:
190:
523:
892:, Velisoptera, and others. Trace activity of herbivorous invertebrates also survives. Insects fed on plants forming
1322:
497:
304:
660:
The
Pallero member (53 meters thick) contains clearly-banded and fine-grained material: sandstones, as well as
634:
416:
412:
630:
1269:
738:
576:
389:
145:
1211:"Palynological biozones and radiometric data at the Carboniferous–Permian boundary in western Gondwana"
1222:
940:
900:
traces, and to a lesser extent marginal damage from piercing and sucking mouthparts. There is also a
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stage, the land that became the formation would have been a freshwater environment in a
1135:
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687:. At the time, it probably saw climatic variation and faced alternating or overlapping
626:
460:
229:
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1080:
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838:, The formation also preserves arthropods, including insects and eurypterids such as
816:
811:
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603:
539:
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27:
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493:
and paleozoic flora. It is estimated that this formation is 286 million years old.
901:
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environment, buried by mud, and then preserved as carbonized replacements. Permian
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Bajo de Véliz contains a wide array of fossilized flying insects, such as the
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deposit representing the Upper
Carboniferous to Permian. It is located in a
544:
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43:
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1021:
749:. A similar Late Carboniferous arachnid, Eophrynus (of Europe) is pictured.
427:
found in the middle upper
Pallero unit, it was suggested to be of earliest
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1262:
n. g. n. sp., a new fossil insect from the Carboniferous of Argentina"
754:
646:
611:
564:
442:, and is known as the formation where the thought-to-be giant spider
1170:(3). Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina: 319–326 – via EBSCO.
1210:
618:: from lowest to highest, the Cautana, Pallero, and Lomas members.
1103:"The true identity of the supposed giant fossil spider Megarachne"
1101:
Selden, Paul A; Corronca, José A; Hünicken, Mario A (2005-03-22).
737:
673:
522:
459:
907:. interpreted as the locomotion 'footprint' of a burrowing worm.
893:
531:
of Gondwana, many of which have been found in Bajo de Veliz: 1,
511:
such as a rock wall revealing the Pallero unit, and there are
16:
Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphic formation in Argentina
1185:"Bajo de Veliz (CORD collection), Carboniferous of Argentina"
515:
because the formation is cut and carved out of older crust.
786:
The Pallero Member provides well-preserved fossil plants:
559:
The Bajo de Véliz Formation is a 168 metres (551 ft)
863:
or spores. Similarly, the organic-walled microfossils of
434:
It is one of the key windows into the fossil life of the
408:, which South America was a part of in the Paleozoic.
1003:
Cónsole-Gonella, Carlos; Aceñolaza, Florencio (2020).
723:. Carbonated springs are thought to have formed three
547:). 4, Vertebraria, the underground stem or rhizome of
742:
The Pallero unit preserves fossil arachnids, such as
595:. With the San Luis Formation, Bajo de Véliz forms a
851:
is well defined in the formation by the presence of
753:The Bajo de Véliz succession preserves a number of
679:. Pallero's well-preserved fossils include plants,
325:
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1363:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America
591:rocks. Among San Luis's metamorphic materials are
575:below. This ancient, separate unit is called the
496:The stratum is part of a protected natural park,
400:transition, it is one of the key upper Paleozoic
602:The Bajo de Véliz Formation can be described as
583:to the early Carboniferous in age, and includes
423:), and Lomas (Permian) units. Based on the
621:The Cautana member (102 meters thick) contains
346:
1353:Carboniferous southern paleotemperate deposits
8:
474:is preserved in the Bajo de Veliz Formation.
18:
1134:
1020:
960:
727:banks during times of low decomposition.
1358:Permian southern paleotemperate deposits
933:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
707:, terrestrial biota were washed into an
916:
629:upward from a coarse bed of polymictic
404:characterizing that era in westernmost
1278:
1267:
1308:Carboniferous System of South America
637:layer of sandstone and greenish-grey
7:
1179:
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137:Cautana, Pallero & Lomas members
606:. It contains mostly greenish-grey
384:lies in the northwestern sector of
354:Bajo de Véliz Formation (Argentina)
14:
771:Carboniferous rainforest collapse
1303:Geologic formations of Argentina
1009:Spanish Journal of Palaeontology
695:(riverine) conditions, based on
345:
338:
1313:Permian System of South America
757:organisms directly, as well as
715:genera are also found, such as
865:Clogranisporites patelliformis
664:with numerous fossil remains,
1:
1065:10.1080/10420940.2019.1697263
905:Meanderovaleichnus huenickeni
498:Bajo de Véliz Provincial Park
305:Bajo de Véliz Provincial Park
1373:Geology of San Luis Province
953:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.07.004
569:raised above it on the sides
392:. Containing a slice of the
230:Approximate paleocoordinates
1389:
1209:Césari, Silvia N. (2007).
847:The FS (fusus-subsaccata)
768:
1368:Paleontology in Argentina
869:Acantotriletes filiformis
703:evidence. In the case of
333:
26:
1235:10.1016/j.gr.2006.07.002
884:classified in the order
855:and abundant species of
641:. This is overlaid by a
579:, which ranges from the
411:It consists of Cautana (
155:168 m (551 ft)
1318:Carboniferous Argentina
1260:Rigattoptera ornellasae
657:of greenish siltstone.
543:. 3, Ncegyerathiopaia (
464:A map of Pangaea, with
366:Bajo de Véliz Formation
22:Bajo de Véliz Formation
1277:Cite journal requires
1119:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0272
1022:10.7203/sjp.29.1.17488
750:
556:
475:
388:, about 25 km west of
741:
653:-rich sandstones and
526:
463:
390:Santa Rosa de Conlara
213:32.31139°S 65.41333°W
1348:Siltstone formations
1343:Sandstone formations
1256:Pinto, I.D. (1996).
857:Vittatina subsaccata
218:-32.31139; -65.41333
1227:2007GondR..11..529C
945:2017JSAES..78..238C
633:at the base, to an
486:Megarachne servinei
452:, was discovered.
413:Upper Carboniferous
248: /
209: /
28:Stratigraphic range
751:
577:San Luis Formation
557:
476:
468:in the southwest.
380:, Argentina. This
146:San Luis Formation
118:Geologic formation
1323:Permian Argentina
1215:Gondwana Research
861:fossilized pollen
581:Upper Precambrian
372:formation of the
362:
361:
272:San Luis Province
42:306.9–295.0
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853:Pakhapites fusus
814:. These include
697:sedimentological
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1107:Biology Letters
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871:are preserved.
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1279:|journal=
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1221:(4): 529–536.
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1173:
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1086:
1059:(2): 156–166.
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886:Protorthoptera
766:
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747:Gondwanarachne
735:
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701:paleobotanical
668:, disk-shaped
571:, and forms a
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890:Megasecoptera
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850:
845:
843:
842:
837:
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817:Gangamopteris
813:
809:
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800:pteridosperms
797:
793:
789:
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782:
778:
772:
764:
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748:
745:
744:Trigonotarbid
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553:Gangamopteris
550:
546:
542:
541:
540:Gangamopteris
536:
535:
530:
525:
518:
516:
514:
510:
504:
499:
494:
492:
488:
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480:
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455:
453:
451:
448:, actually a
447:
446:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Pennsylvanian
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Carboniferous
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Paganzo Basin
375:
371:
370:stratigraphic
367:
341:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
306:
303:
299:
294:
291:
290:Paganzo Basin
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
270:
266:
261:
252:49.1°S 59.5°W
233:
231:
227:
222:
194:
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177:
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167:
163:
158:
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128:Paganzo Group
126:
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96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
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51:
45:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1270:cite journal
1259:
1251:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1167:
1163:
1113:(1): 44–48.
1110:
1106:
1056:
1052:
1012:
1008:
936:
932:
904:
902:trace fossil
877:Rigattoptera
875:
873:
868:
864:
859:, which are
856:
852:
846:
839:
833:
829:Glossopteris
827:
821:
815:
796:sphenophytes
788:glossopterid
785:
774:
765:Fossil flora
759:ichnofossils
752:
746:
734:Paleobiology
729:
720:
716:
704:
681:microfossils
659:
635:intercalated
631:conglomerate
623:clastic rock
620:
601:
558:
552:
549:Glossopteris
548:
538:
534:Glossopteris
532:
529:fossil flora
495:
484:
481:
477:
471:Glossopteris
469:
443:
433:
410:
365:
363:
326:Year defined
296:Type section
257:-49.1; -59.5
1194:17 December
1189:Fossilworks
1164:Ameghiniana
962:11336/47755
939:: 238–249.
898:oviposition
823:Euryphyllum
792:cordaitales
691:(lake) and
670:concretions
604:silica-rich
589:metamorphic
561:sedimentary
519:Composition
513:escarpments
501: [
402:successions
308: [
255: /
216: /
191:Coordinates
1338:Kasimovian
1297:Categories
911:References
841:Megarachne
835:Samaropsis
804:lycophytes
781:floodplain
769:See also:
725:calcareous
721:Bajdaievia
705:Megarachne
693:fluviatile
689:lacustrine
685:arthropods
666:dropstones
662:green beds
608:sandstones
491:bryophytes
450:eurypterid
445:Megarachne
429:Cisuralian
425:paleoflora
421:Cisuralian
204:65°24′48″W
201:32°18′41″S
32:Kasimovian
1243:1342-937X
1127:1744-9561
1081:213637822
1073:1042-0940
1015:: 51–60.
971:0895-9811
882:pterygote
713:bryophyte
677:clayrocks
655:cut banks
639:siltstone
612:lutaceous
593:phyllites
545:Cordaites
527:Assorted
456:Discovery
382:formation
374:Paleozoic
301:Named for
281:Argentina
179:Sandstone
169:Siltstone
160:Lithology
152:Thickness
134:Sub-units
1333:Gzhelian
1328:Asselian
1264:: 43–47.
1145:17148124
1031:56306511
808:conifers
777:Gzhelian
709:alluvial
651:feldspar
573:basement
509:outcrops
466:Gondwana
440:Asselian
436:Gzhelian
406:Gondwana
386:San Luis
318:Named by
185:Location
142:Overlies
36:Asselian
1223:Bibcode
1136:1629066
941:Bibcode
849:biozone
775:In the
717:Uskatia
647:arkosic
643:caprock
616:members
597:complex
585:igneous
398:Permian
278:Country
243:59°30′W
240:49°06′S
165:Primary
124:Unit of
1241:
1143:
1133:
1125:
1079:
1071:
1053:Ichnos
1029:
969:
832:, and
755:fossil
683:, and
674:varved
672:. and
627:grades
625:which
565:graben
321:Flores
286:Extent
268:Region
1077:S2CID
1027:S2CID
894:galls
812:seeds
537:. 2,
505:]
312:]
175:Other
1283:help
1239:ISSN
1196:2021
1141:PMID
1123:ISSN
1069:ISSN
967:ISSN
896:and
867:and
810:and
719:and
699:and
610:and
587:and
551:and
364:The
329:1969
114:Type
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