462:) and in bud are joined almost to the tip. As the flower opens, the calyx lobes split apart and become coiled or bent back (reflexed) at the base of the flower. The inner surface of the lobes are silky-hairy and cream, pink, or red. Sometimes the lobes do not separate cleanly, distorting the shape of the flower as they bend back. The calyx lobes remain fused at the base, leaving a feature (calyx tube) that has nectar-producing tissue and that is cup-shaped, flat or tubular; the form of the calyx tube varies with species. The flowers have a central tube (staminal tube) made up of fused stalks of stamens (filaments), with unfused filaments above. A densely hairy ovary is enclosed in the staminal tube, and a long style tipped with a stigma emerges from the filaments. Petals are set near the base of the staminal tube and are variable in shape and colour. The flowers, when fresh, may be white, cream, bright yellow or dark red, but fade quickly, often turning reddish when dried.
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from bottom to top. The trunk is made of fibrous wood arranged in concentric rings, although rings are not always formed annually and so cannot be used to determine the age of individual trees. Tree diameter fluctuates with rainfall so it is thought that water may be stored in the trunk. Baobab trees have two types of shoots—long, green vegetative ones, and stout, woody reproductive ones. Branches can be massive and spread out horizontally from the trunk or are ascending.
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88:
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Flowers may remain attached to the trees for several days, but the reproductive phase is very short, with pollen shed during the first night and stigmas shriveled by the morning. The flower is made up of an outer 5-lobed calyx, and an inner ring of petals set around a fused tube of stamens. The outer
349:
and have large flowers that are reproductive for a maximum of 15 hours. The flowers open around dusk, opening so quickly that movement can be detected by the naked eye, and are faded by the next morning. The fruits are large, oval to round and berry-like and hold kidney-shaped seeds in a dry, pulpy
377:
Baobabs are long-lived deciduous, small to large trees from 5 to 30 m (20 to 100 ft) tall with broad trunks and compact crowns. Young trees usually have slender, tapering trunks, often with a swollen base. Mature trees have massive trunks that are bottle-shaped or cylindrical and tapered
618:. These are species with flower buds that set on short pedicles and that are approximately twice as long as wide. The other species are all classified within the section Longitubae. They also have flowers/fruits set on short pedicels, but the flower buds are five or more times as long as wide.
449:
has flowers and fruits set on long, hanging stalks. There is usually only a single flower in an axil, but sometimes flowers occur in pairs. They are large, showy and strongly scented. They only open near dusk. Opening is rapid and movement of the flower parts is fast enough to be visible. Most
1533:
516:(1727–1806) observed a baobab tree in 1749 on the island of Sor in Senegal, and wrote the first detailed botanical description of the full tree, accompanied with illustrations. Recognizing the connection to the fruit described by Alpini he called the genus Baobab.
408:
compound in mature trees, but seedlings and regenerating shoots may have simple leaves. The transition to compound leaves comes with age and may be gradual. Leaves have 5–11 leaflets, with the largest ones in the middle and may be stalkless or with short
353:
In the early 21st century, baobabs in southern Africa began to die off rapidly from a cause yet to be determined. It is unlikely that disease or pests would be able to kill many trees so rapidly, and some have speculated that the die-off is a result of
1231:
and fats. Vitamin C content, described as variable in different samples, was in a range of 74 to 163 milligrams (1.14 to 2.52 gr) per 100 grams (3.5 oz) of dried powder. In 2008, baobab dried fruit pulp was authorized in the EU as a
2088:
Cron, Glynis & Karimi, Nisa & Glennon, Kelsey & Udeh, Chukwudi & Witkowski, E & Venter, Sarah & Assogbadio, A & Baum, David. (2016). "One
African baobab species or two? A re-evaluation of Adansonia kilima".
654:) also occurs on Madagascar, but it is not a native of that island. Baobabs were introduced in ancient times to south Asia and during the colonial era to the Caribbean. They are also present in the island nation of
478:
is the only species with fruits that crack while still on the tree, which then tend to break open upon landing on the ground. Inside the outer shell, kidney-shaped seeds 10–15(−20) mm long are set in a dry pulp.
1135:
is made up of three fused trunks of different ages, with the oldest part of the tree an estimated 1,600 years old. The second, "polygamous baobab", has six fused stems, and is an estimated 1,000 years old.
837:
1038:
during the dry season. Across Africa, the oldest and largest baobabs began to die in the early 21st century, likely from a combination of drought and rising temperatures. The trees appear to become
1351:
Baobab trees hold cultural and spiritual significance in many
African societies. They are often the sites of communal gatherings, storytelling, and rituals. An unusual baobab was the namesake of
570:
Pettigrew, et al.), was described in 2012, found in high-elevation sites in eastern and southern Africa. This, however, is no longer recognized as a distinct species but considered a synonym of
392:
are small to large trees, from 5 to 20 m (16 to 66 ft) tall. The other baobabs grow from 25 to 30 m (80 to 100 ft) tall, with 2 to 3 m (7 to 10 ft) diameter trunks.
574:. Some high-elevation trees in Tanzania show different genetics and morphology, but further study is needed to determine if recognition of them as a separate species is warranted. The genus
1901:
1376:, the titular character takes care to root out baobabs that try to grow on his tiny planet home. The fearsome, grasping baobab trees, researchers have contended, were meant to represent
470:
The fruit of the baobabs is one of their distinguishing features. It is large, oval-to-round, and berry-like in most species (usually less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long in
1124:, or Platland tree, also in South Africa. The diameter of this tree at ground level is 9.3 m (31 ft) and its circumference at breast height is 34 m (112 ft).
1120:
of 47 m (154 ft) and a diameter of about 15.9 m (52 ft). The tree has since split into two parts, so the widest individual trunk may now be that of the
1504:
900:
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for several products, making string from the root fibers and decorative crafts from the fruits. Baobab oil from the seed is also used in cosmetics, particularly in
3332:
2526:
3445:
3254:
996:
3319:
3267:
2657:
1897:
2891:
2359:
667:) but is no longer recognized as a distinct species. The African and Australian baobabs are similar in appearance, and the oldest splits within
3358:
3440:
2586:
1728:
1686:
3054:
3435:
3005:"Traditional uses and local perspectives on baobab (Adansonia digitata) population structure by selected ethnic groups in northern Namibia"
2620:"Baobab dried fruit pulp. EC No. 72; August 2006: Application from PhytoTrade Africa to approve baobab dried fruit pulp of African baobab (
1455:
1026:
Baobabs store water in the trunk (up to 120,000 litres or 32,000 US gallons) to endure harsh drought conditions. All occur in seasonally
417:
at the base of the leaves, but the stipules are soon shed in most species. Baobabs are deciduous, shedding leaves during the dry season.
445:
species, the flowers are borne on short erect or spreading stalks in the axils of the leaves near the tips of reproductive shoots. Only
2921:
1692:
805:
345:. The baobab is also known as the "upside down tree", a name that originates from several myths. They are among the most long-lived of
2199:
2325:
1564:
2835:
1951:
474:.). It has a dry, hard outer shell of variable thickness. In most species, the shell is indehiscent (does not break open easily).
384:
is generally the smallest of the baobabs, rarely getting to over 10 m (33 ft) tall and often with multiple trunks. Both
2947:
2032:
976:
2783:
2619:
1489:
3293:
1423:
1018:. The locals call it "Gongolaze" and use its fruits as food and medicine and use the tree trunks as reservoirs to save water.
1128:
1174:
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1407:
2385:
1521:
1472:
2417:
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366:
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3176:
3163:
2443:
1391:
650:, one native to mainland Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and one native to Australia. The mainland African species (
2546:
2523:
1439:
3371:
2809:
2307:
844:
551:
87:
3337:
2420:. Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Archived from
2002:
3430:
1930:
437:
Bisected flower showing the style running through the staminal tube, bending, then projecting out of the stamens
2577:
695:
at the end of the Eocene, during a time of abrupt global climate cooling and drying, while a divergence of this
1192:
413:. Leaflets may have toothed or smooth edges, and may be hairless or have simple-to-clumped hairs. Baobabs have
2466:"Searching for the oldest baobab of Madagascar: radiocarbon investigation of large Adansonia rubrostipa trees"
3376:
2033:"Morphology, ploidy and molecular phylogenetics reveal a new diploid species from Africa in the baobab genus
321:
42:
2148:
Cvetković, T; Areces-Berazain, F; Hinsinger, DD; Thomas, DC; Wieringa, JJ; Ganesan, SK; Strijk, JS (2021).
3241:
3106:
2692:
1332:
1161:
332:
3181:
671:
are likely no older than 15 million years; thus, the
Australian species represents a long-distance trans-
3246:
2592:
1446:
927:
817:
785:
631:
320:, mainland Africa, and Australia. The trees have also been introduced to other regions such as Asia. A
2649:
2285:
2233:
1634:
Wan, Jun-Nan; Wang, Sheng-Wei; Leitch, Andrew R.; Leitch, Ilia J.; Jian, Jian-Bo; et al. (2024).
1600:
3202:
2885:
2477:
2363:
1430:
1179:
896:
891:
790:
3272:
2839:
2697:
1616:
429:
Open flower showing distorted petals and the unfused ball of stamens set on top of the staminal tube
2270:
3363:
3425:
3397:
3059:
2765:
2718:
1994:
1935:
1875:
1791:
1541:
1511:
1479:
1462:
1414:
1398:
1166:
1073:
864:
812:
751:
396:, however, often has massive single or multiple trunks of up to 10 m (33 ft) diameter.
341:
82:
70:
31:
744:
487:
The earliest written reports of baobab are from a 14th-century travelogue by the Arab traveler
433:
3345:
3311:
3189:
3036:
2757:
2710:
2505:
2181:
2130:
1986:
1867:
1783:
1734:
1724:
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1372:
1100:
in South Africa—were estimated to be approximately 2,000 years old. Another specimen known as
1050:
672:
499:(1592), looking at fruits that he observed in Egypt from an unknown source. They were called
3350:
3026:
3016:
2983:
2915:
2749:
2702:
2495:
2485:
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2171:
2161:
2120:
2051:
1978:
1859:
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1676:
1655:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1113:
945:
762:
660:
410:
275:
246:
61:
2970:
Vermaak, Ilze; Kamatou, Guy; Komane-Mofokeng, B.; Alvaro, Viljoen; Beckett, Katie (2011).
2925:
2895:
2530:
2211:
1604:
992:
555:
496:
125:
38:
3144:
2337:
1575:
3233:
2481:
1660:
1545:(clockwise from top right): whole fruit pulp chunks, fibers, seeds, powder from the pulp
778:
626:
582:. This species has hanging flowers and fruit, set on long flowering stalks. This is the
425:
2573:
2500:
2465:
2176:
2149:
1752:
Patrut A, Woodborne S, Patrut RT, Rakosy L, Lowy DA, Hall G, von Reden KF (July 2018).
1364:
1150:
1121:
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513:
346:
336:
112:
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2787:
2627:
2256:
2247:
1300:
1117:
1089:
756:
198:
2769:
2722:
1967:"The Comparative Pollination and Floral Biology of Baobabs (Adansonia- Bombacaceae)"
1795:
1753:
3402:
1926:
1356:
1288:
1204:
1116:, South Africa, was considered to be the largest living individual, with a maximum
1006:
has been called "a defining icon of
African bushland". The tree also grows wild in
952:
769:
African baobab, dead-rat-tree, monkey-bread-tree, montane
African baobab, Gongolaze
680:
583:
535:
313:
181:
3155:
3194:
3168:
2737:
2490:
1718:
1255:
is usually boiled, and the broth is used for juices or as the base for a type of
524:, to honour Adanson, but use of baobab as one of the common names has persisted.
3280:
3138:
2166:
1340:
1224:
642:
As of July 2020, there are eight recognized species of
Adansonia, with six
547:
488:
355:
3089:
3021:
3004:
2988:
2971:
2392:
1650:
2928:
In: van der Vossen, H.A.M., and
Mkamilo, G.S. (eds). PROTA 14: Vegetable oils/
2898:
In: van der Vossen, H.A.M., and
Mkamilo, G.S. (eds). PROTA 14: Vegetable oils/
2753:
2706:
1769:
1320:
1208:
1085:
1043:
655:
647:
636:
607:
317:
37:"Baobab" and "Upside-down tree" redirect here. For the tree in Hyde Park, see
3129:
3040:
2942:
2421:
1990:
1871:
1738:
3228:
3215:
2125:
2104:
1360:
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1256:
1220:
1216:
1196:
1054:
1031:
999:
539:
309:
236:
171:
3389:
2761:
2738:"Baobab food products: a review on their composition and nutritional value"
2714:
2509:
2185:
2134:
1787:
1574:. United States Department of Agriculture. 12 November 2008. Archived from
884:
3077:
2464:
Patrut A, von Reden KF, Danthu P, Pock-Tsy JM, Patrut RT, Lowy DA (2015).
1931:"Last March of the 'Wooden Elephants': Africa's Ancient Baobabs Are Dying"
772:
western, northeastern, central and southern Africa, SW Asia (Yemen, Oman)
3384:
3123:
2550:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1081:
1015:
707:
691:
543:
517:
414:
161:
138:
75:
1065:
578:
is further divided into three sections. Section
Adansonia includes only
3259:
2055:
1998:
1966:
1879:
1847:
1228:
1212:
713:
643:
599:
559:
405:
325:
232:
3031:
2306:
Behrens, K. and K. Barnes. 2016. Wildlife of
Madagascar. Wild guides,
1778:
1199:, potassium, carbohydrates, and phosphorus. The dried fruit powder of
17:
3285:
2524:
Fire history of a giant African baobab evinced by radiocarbon dating.
1377:
1352:
1248:
1039:
1035:
1011:
828:
boab, Australian baobab, bottletree, cream-of-tartar-tree, gouty-stem
373:(African baobab) tree in Mikumi National Park with its fruits hanging
151:
3100:
2972:"African seed oils of commercial importance – Cosmetic applications"
2150:"Phylogenomics resolves deep subfamilial relationships in Malvaceae"
1982:
1863:
1084:
was some 2,450 years old when it died in 2011, making it the oldest
2286:
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558631-1
2234:
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558628-1
1952:"Scientists determine the age of one of Africa's most famous trees"
550:
family but it is no longer recognized at the rank of family by the
3220:
1173:
1160:
1064:
1007:
980:
701:
685:
625:
528:
432:
424:
365:
228:
99:
1049:
Baobabs are important as nest sites for birds, in particular the
3298:
2618:
UK Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (July 2008).
2591:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),
1328:
1237:
1195:. It has an acidic, tart, citrus flavor. It is a good source of
1027:
3104:
2836:"South African villagers tap into trend for 'superfood' baobab"
2679:
Osman, M.A. (2004). "Chemical and nutrient analysis of baobab (
2103:
Baum, David A.; Small, Randall L.; Wendel, Jonathan F. (1998).
1207:(50% fiber), and modest levels of various nutrients, including
328:
analysis has suggested that the genus is Madagascan in origin.
3207:
1324:
512:
meaning "many-seeded fruit". The French explorer and botanist
255:
2951:. National Library of Australia. 2 February 1966. p. 26
717:
was found to be more ancient, dating to the middle Eocene.
1720:
The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia
1271:
is eaten fresh or the crushed crumbly pulp is stirred into
546:. The subfamily Bombacoideae was previously treated as the
287:
284:
2288:". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
2236:". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
1597:
2210:. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from
679:
was found to have diverged from its closest relatives in
293:
261:
1898:"Trees That Have Lived for Millennia Are Suddenly Dying"
1104:
was dated and found to be at least 1,275 years old. The
1131:
were also studied using radiocarbon dating. One called
1754:"The demise of the largest and oldest African baobabs"
1187:
The white pith in the fruit of the Australian baobab (
2386:"Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds"
975:
The Malagasy species are important components of the
2444:"Oldest hardwood tree ever - Guinness World Records"
1596:
Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 8 Jul 2020
296:
290:
281:
264:
258:
252:
3113:
2624:) as a novel food ingredient. Authorised July 2008"
1617:"The Baobab: Fun Facts About Africa's Tree of Life"
339:, the French naturalist and explorer who described
278:
249:
3003:Lisao, K.; Geldenhuys, C.J.; Chirwa, P.W. (2017).
1848:"A Systematic Revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae)"
831:Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
2872:. International Centre for Underused Crops, 2002.
2812:. US Food and Drug Administration. 25 July 2009.
2786:. UK Food Standards Agency. 2008. Archived from
1678:Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names
2105:"Biogeography and floral evolution of baobabs (
1203:, baobab powder, contains about 11% water, 80%
458:lobes of the calyx are usually green (brown in
2271:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T30388A64007143.en
2246:Ravaomanalina, H.; Razafimanahaka, J. (2016).
3055:A Charming Prince Turns 50, His Luster Intact
1712:
1710:
491:. The first botanical description was in the
8:
1046:and unable to support their massive trunks.
914:central-to-south part of western Madagascar
504:
3101:
2626:. UK Food Standards Agency. Archived from
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
1299:The seeds of some species are a source of
1076:has provided data on a few individuals of
675:event from Africa. The lineage leading to
60:
49:
3030:
3020:
2987:
2696:
2499:
2489:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2269:
2175:
2165:
2124:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1777:
1681:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 3.
1659:
1649:
658:. A ninth species was described in 2012 (
30:For the most common use of "Baobab", see
2914:Ambrose-Oji, B., and Mughogho, N. 2007.
2884:Ambrose-Oji, B., and Mughogho, N. 2007.
2880:
2878:
2613:
2611:
2609:
1636:"The rise of baobab trees in Madagascar"
719:
2208:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2093:. 103. 312. 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.036.
2084:
2082:
2080:
1971:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1852:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1572:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1556:
1387:
2683:) fruit and seed protein solubility".
2576:; Whiffen, T.; Kerrigan, R.A. (2020).
2320:
2318:
2316:
2109:) as inferred from multiple data sets"
1921:
1919:
1891:
1889:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
2910:
2908:
2587:Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
2031:Pettigrew, J.D.; et al. (2012).
1088:ever documented, and two other trees—
7:
2842:from the original on 9 February 2021
2816:from the original on 9 February 2021
2660:from the original on 9 February 2021
2005:from the original on 9 February 2021
1904:from the original on 9 February 2021
1236:, and later in the year was granted
1149:The tree's leaves may be eaten as a
2736:Chadare, F.J.; et al. (2009).
2257:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1319:Some baobab species are sources of
505:
1380:attempting to destroy the planet.
39:Fagus sylvatica § Cultivation
25:
2932:. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
2902:. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
1695:from the original on 1 March 2020
796:Grandidier's baobab, giant baobab
454:species are pollinated by bats.
3088:
3076:
1717:Wickens, G.E.; Lowe, P. (2008).
1675:Eggli, U.; Newton, L.E. (2004).
1532:
1520:
1503:
1488:
1471:
1454:
1438:
1422:
1406:
1390:
1244:) status in the United States.
977:Madagascar dry deciduous forests
944:
919:
883:
836:
804:
777:
743:
274:
245:
86:
3446:Fruits originating in Australia
3377:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25773-1
3009:South African Journal of Botany
2976:South African Journal of Botany
2091:South African Journal of Botany
995:, sometimes growing out of the
856:northwest and north Madagascar
558:2003. There are eight accepted
27:Genus of plants known as baobab
1539:Elements of the fruit pulp of
1355:, formerly the capital of the
1303:. The fruit pulp and seeds of
1129:Tsimanampetsotse National Park
964:west and southwest Madagascar
610:. Section Brevitubae includes
1:
2948:The Australian Women's Weekly
2418:"Weavers breeding in baobabs"
1127:Two large baobabs growing in
3441:Fruits originating in Africa
2491:10.1371/journal.pone.0121170
2360:"The Baobab tree in Senegal"
1242:generally recognized as safe
213:
3436:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2522:Patrut, A., et al. (2010).
503:, possibly from the Arabic
3462:
3022:10.1016/j.sajb.2017.09.014
2989:10.1016/j.sajb.2011.07.003
2838:. AFP. 24 September 2018.
2334:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2308:Princeton University Press
2037:(Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)"
1651:10.1038/s41586-024-07447-4
991:occur specifically in the
985:Adansonia madagascariensis
845:Adansonia madagascariensis
552:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
36:
29:
2810:"GRAS Notice No. GRN 273"
2784:"Baobab dried fruit pulp"
2754:10.1080/10408390701856330
2707:10.1007/s11130-004-0034-1
2200:"GRIN Species Records of
2167:10.1093/g3journal/jkab136
1896:Yong, Ed (11 June 2018).
1770:10.1038/s41477-018-0170-5
1291:in brewing (beermaking).
1069:"Grandmother" Fony baobab
308:. They are placed in the
210:
205:
83:Scientific classification
81:
68:
59:
52:
1335:used the native species
799:west central Madagascar
520:later renamed the genus
2529:22 October 2014 at the
2126:10.1080/106351598260879
1965:Baum, David A. (1995).
1846:Baum, David A. (1995).
1598:http://www.tropicos.org
554:I 1998, II 2003 or the
493:De medicina Aegyptiorum
43:Baobab (disambiguation)
2742:Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
2107:Adansonia, Bombacaceae
1333:Indigenous Australians
1184:
1171:
1080:. The Panke baobab in
1070:
639:
438:
430:
374:
2887:Adansonia grandidieri
2870:Fruits for the Future
2864:, Adansonia digitata
2593:Australian Government
2264:: e.T30388A64007143.
2250:Adansonia grandidieri
1603:23 April 2011 at the
1447:Adansonia suarezensis
1227:, with low levels of
1177:
1164:
1068:
928:Adansonia suarezensis
786:Adansonia grandidieri
632:Adansonia grandidieri
629:
436:
428:
369:
316:. They are native to
41:. For other use, see
3085:at Wikimedia Commons
3063:, 19 September 1993.
2924:2 April 2015 at the
2894:7 April 2014 at the
2685:Plant Foods Hum Nutr
2424:on 15 September 2015
2214:on 24 September 2015
1515:seeds from the fruit
1431:Adansonia rubrostipa
1234:safe food ingredient
1180:Adansonia rubrostipa
1053:and four species of
939:northern Madagascar
892:Adansonia rubrostipa
878:northern Madagascar
538:, within the family
534:is in the subfamily
2943:"Dance of the baob"
2860:Sidibe, M., et al.
2482:2015PLoSO..1021170P
2340:on 20 February 2014
2065:on 11 December 2013
1723:. Springer Verlag.
1251:, the dry fruit of
725:
721:List of species of
472:A. madagascariensis
390:A. madagascariensis
235:of medium-to-large
3060:The New York Times
2681:Adansonia digitata
2654:nutritionvalue.org
2580:Adansonia gregorii
2547:"Big Baobab Facts"
2398:on 21 October 2012
2328:Adansonia digitata
2056:10.1002/tax.616006
1936:The New York Times
1542:Adansonia digitata
1512:Adansonia digitata
1480:Adansonia digitata
1463:Adansonia digitata
1415:Adansonia gregorii
1399:Adansonia digitata
1279:, the dry pulp of
1185:
1172:
1167:Adansonia digitata
1074:Radiocarbon dating
1071:
1010:in the regions of
865:Adansonia perrieri
813:Adansonia gregorii
752:Adansonia digitata
720:
652:Adansonia digitata
640:
590:. All species of
439:
431:
382:Adansonia gregorii
375:
371:Adansonia digitata
342:Adansonia digitata
312:family, subfamily
71:Adansonia digitata
32:Adansonia digitata
3413:
3412:
3346:Open Tree of Life
3107:Taxon identifiers
3081:Media related to
2650:"Nutrition Facts"
2553:on 6 January 2008
2366:on 4 October 2008
1950:Kornei K (2021).
1730:978-1-4020-6430-2
1688:978-3-540-00489-9
1373:The Little Prince
1311:are eaten fresh.
1051:mottled spinetail
1034:, shedding their
1014:and the state of
968:
967:
958:
933:
903:
872:
853:Madagascar baobab
850:
820:
793:
759:
673:oceanic dispersal
666:
665:Pettigrew, et al.
566:. A new species (
231:made up of eight
220:
219:
201:
16:(Redirected from
3453:
3431:Malvaceae genera
3406:
3405:
3393:
3392:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3366:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3340:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3314:
3302:
3301:
3289:
3288:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3250:
3249:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3184:
3172:
3171:
3159:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3102:
3093:Data related to
3092:
3080:
3064:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3024:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2939:
2933:
2912:
2903:
2882:
2873:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2700:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2615:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2589:Edition 8 (RFK8)
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2549:. Archived from
2543:
2537:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2391:. Archived from
2390:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2362:. Archived from
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2336:. Archived from
2322:
2311:
2304:
2289:
2284:Science, Kew. "
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2243:
2237:
2232:Science, Kew. "
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2058:. Archived from
2050:(6): 1240–1250.
2041:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1929:(12 June 2018).
1923:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1900:. The Atlantic.
1893:
1884:
1883:
1843:
1800:
1799:
1781:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1653:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1561:
1536:
1524:
1507:
1492:
1475:
1458:
1442:
1426:
1410:
1394:
1114:Limpopo Province
1108:, a specimen of
956:
948:
931:
923:
895:
887:
875:Perrier's baobab
868:
848:
840:
816:
808:
789:
781:
763:Adansonia kilima
755:
747:
726:
664:
661:Adansonia kilima
568:Adansonia kilima
508:
507:
303:
302:
299:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
197:
91:
90:
64:
50:
21:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3401:
3396:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3344:
3336:
3331:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3253:
3245:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3219:
3214:
3206:
3201:
3193:
3188:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3109:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3052:
3048:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:Wayback Machine
2913:
2906:
2896:Wayback Machine
2883:
2876:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2790:on 26 July 2012
2782:
2781:
2777:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2698:10.1.1.587.6400
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2630:on 26 July 2012
2617:
2616:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2531:Wayback Machine
2521:
2517:
2476:(3): e0121170.
2463:
2462:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2324:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2292:
2283:
2279:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1983:10.2307/2399883
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1864:10.2307/2399893
1845:
1844:
1803:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1731:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1605:Wayback Machine
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1525:
1516:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1476:
1467:
1459:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1349:
1317:
1297:
1275:and drinks. In
1267:, the fruit of
1261:gelado de múcua
1159:
1147:
1142:
1094:in Namibia and
1063:
1030:areas, and are
1024:
993:Anjajavy Forest
973:
760:(also includes
624:
556:Kubitzki system
497:Prospero Alpini
485:
468:
423:
402:
364:
347:vascular plants
277:
273:
248:
244:
239:trees known as
214:species section
196:
85:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3403:wfo-4000000560
3394:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3342:
3329:
3316:
3303:
3290:
3277:
3264:
3251:
3238:
3225:
3212:
3199:
3186:
3173:
3160:
3150:
3135:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3097:at Wikispecies
3086:
3072:
3071:External links
3069:
3066:
3065:
3046:
2995:
2982:(4): 920–933.
2962:
2934:
2904:
2874:
2853:
2827:
2801:
2775:
2728:
2671:
2641:
2605:
2574:Hyland, B.P.M.
2564:
2538:
2536:52(2), 717–26.
2515:
2449:
2435:
2409:
2377:
2351:
2312:
2290:
2277:
2238:
2225:
2191:
2160:(7): jkab136.
2140:
2119:(2): 181–207.
2095:
2076:
2016:
1977:(2): 322–348.
1957:
1942:
1915:
1885:
1858:(3): 440–471.
1801:
1764:(7): 423–426.
1744:
1729:
1706:
1687:
1667:
1626:
1608:
1589:
1578:on 30 May 2010
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1365:Central Africa
1348:
1345:
1316:
1313:
1305:A. grandidieri
1296:
1293:
1191:) tastes like
1158:
1155:
1151:leaf vegetable
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1122:Sunland Baobab
1106:Glencoe Baobab
1062:
1059:
1042:, then become
1023:
1020:
979:. Within that
972:
969:
966:
965:
962:
959:
949:
941:
940:
937:
934:
924:
916:
915:
912:
909:
888:
880:
879:
876:
873:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
841:
833:
832:
829:
826:
809:
801:
800:
797:
794:
782:
774:
773:
770:
767:
748:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
623:
620:
616:A. suarexensis
612:A. grandidieri
586:for the genus
514:Michel Adanson
484:
481:
467:
464:
460:A. grandidieri
422:
419:
401:
398:
363:
360:
337:Michel Adanson
218:
217:
208:
207:
203:
202:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
79:
78:
66:
65:
57:
56:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3458:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:(3): 254–74.
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2154:G3 (Bethesda)
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1927:Nuwer, Rachel
1922:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Nature Plants
1755:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1527:Baobab powder
1523:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:In the novel
1368:
1366:
1362:
1359:southwest of
1358:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:vegetable oil
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:carbohydrates
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1140:Culinary uses
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:circumference
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1061:Notable trees
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
989:A. rubrostipa
986:
982:
978:
970:
963:
960:
955:
954:
950:
947:
943:
942:
938:
936:Suarez baobab
935:
930:
929:
925:
922:
918:
917:
913:
910:
907:
902:
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894:
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792:
788:
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776:
775:
771:
768:
765:
764:
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754:
753:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:Native range
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
724:
718:
716:
715:
710:
709:
704:
703:
698:
694:
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682:
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663:
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628:
621:
619:
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593:
589:
585:
581:
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569:
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549:
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542:in the order
541:
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427:
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387:
386:A. rubrostipa
383:
379:
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368:
361:
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344:
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329:
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113:Tracheophytes
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3114:
3058:
3053:Reif, Rita.
3049:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2946:
2937:
2929:
2917:Adansonia za
2916:
2899:
2886:
2869:
2868:Volume 4 of
2865:
2861:
2856:
2846:29 September
2844:. Retrieved
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:the original
2778:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2691:(1): 29–33.
2688:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2628:the original
2621:
2596:. Retrieved
2585:
2579:
2572:Zich, F.A.;
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2541:
2533:
2518:
2473:
2469:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:the original
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2393:the original
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:the original
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2338:the original
2333:
2327:
2280:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2212:the original
2207:
2201:
2194:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2067:. Retrieved
2060:the original
2047:
2043:
2034:
2007:. Retrieved
1974:
1970:
1960:
1945:
1934:
1906:. Retrieved
1855:
1851:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1719:
1699:25 September
1697:. Retrieved
1677:
1670:
1639:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:the original
1571:
1566:
1559:
1540:
1510:
1495:
1478:
1461:
1445:
1429:
1413:
1397:
1371:
1369:
1357:Bornu Empire
1350:
1341:moisturizers
1336:
1318:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1289:fermentation
1283:is added to
1280:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1225:phytosterols
1223:, iron, and
1200:
1188:
1186:
1183:, fruit pulp
1178:
1165:
1148:
1132:
1126:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1091:Dorslandboom
1090:
1077:
1072:
1048:
1025:
1003:
988:
984:
974:
953:Adansonia za
951:
926:
905:
890:
863:
843:
822:
811:
784:
761:
750:
735:Common names
722:
712:
706:
700:
696:
690:
684:
681:Bombacoideae
676:
668:
659:
651:
641:
630:
615:
611:
603:
595:
591:
587:
584:type species
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
536:Bombacoideae
531:
526:
521:
509:
506:أَبُو حِبَاب
500:
492:
486:
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469:
459:
456:
451:
446:
442:
440:
403:
393:
389:
385:
381:
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376:
370:
352:
340:
333:generic name
330:
314:Bombacoideae
305:
240:
223:
222:
221:
211:
192:
191:
182:Bombacoideae
145:
132:
119:
106:
69:
53:
47:
3281:iNaturalist
3139:Wikispecies
3015:: 449–456.
2622:A. digitata
2534:Radiocarbon
1337:A. gregorii
1281:A. digitata
1269:A. digitata
1253:A. digitata
1201:A. digitata
1189:A. gregorii
1133:Grandmother
1110:A. digitata
1078:A. digitata
1004:A. digitata
911:fony baobab
711:clade from
604:A. digitata
596:A. digitata
580:A. digitata
572:A. digitata
548:Bombacaceae
489:Ibn Battuta
447:A. digitata
404:Leaves are
394:A. digitata
362:Description
356:dehydration
178:Subfamily:
126:Angiosperms
3420:Categories
3032:2263/64705
2955:11 January
2930:Oléagineux
2900:Oléagineux
2428:30 October
2402:30 October
2218:14 January
2009:21 October
1954:. Science.
1779:2263/65292
1582:14 January
1551:References
1347:In culture
1315:Other uses
1209:riboflavin
1086:angiosperm
1044:dehydrated
823:A. gibbosa
656:Cape Verde
648:Madagascar
637:Madagascar
608:tetraploid
476:A. gibbosa
326:ecological
318:Madagascar
306:adansonias
3426:Adansonia
3229:FloraBase
3145:Adansonia
3115:Adansonia
3095:Adansonia
3083:Adansonia
3041:0254-6299
2693:CiteSeerX
2557:8 January
2370:1 October
2330:(baobab)"
2202:Adansonia
2113:Syst Biol
2035:Adansonia
1991:0026-6493
1872:0026-6493
1739:166358049
1621:ThoughtCo
1567:Adansonia
1496:Adansonia
1361:Lake Chad
1285:sugarcane
1259:known as
1257:ice cream
1221:potassium
1217:magnesium
1197:vitamin C
1102:Grootboom
1032:deciduous
1000:limestone
961:za baobab
932:H.Perrier
901:H.Perrier
723:Adansonia
697:Adansonia
677:Adansonia
669:Adansonia
592:Adansonia
588:Adansonia
576:Adansonia
564:Adansonia
540:Malvaceae
532:Adansonia
522:Adansonia
510:abū ḥibāb
452:Adansonia
443:Adansonia
406:palmately
310:Malvaceae
237:deciduous
224:Adansonia
193:Adansonia
172:Malvaceae
96:Kingdom:
54:Adansonia
3390:40032111
3385:Tropicos
3124:Wikidata
2922:Archived
2892:Archived
2840:Archived
2814:Archived
2770:23498946
2762:19093269
2723:23737392
2715:15675149
2658:Archived
2527:Archived
2510:25806967
2470:PLOS ONE
2186:33892500
2135:12064226
2069:29 April
2003:Archived
1902:Archived
1796:47017569
1788:29892092
1693:Archived
1661:11136661
1601:Archived
1565:"Genus:
1277:Tanzania
1273:porridge
1265:Zimbabwe
1082:Zimbabwe
1016:Kordofan
1002:itself.
818:F.Muell.
708:Chorisia
692:Chorisia
544:Malvales
518:Linnaeus
483:Taxonomy
441:In most
415:stipules
411:petioles
350:matrix.
335:honours
206:Species
168:Family:
162:Malvales
139:Eudicots
76:Tanzania
3312:1295517
3260:3152213
3130:Q157991
2664:20 July
2598:23 June
2501:4373780
2478:Bibcode
2177:8496235
1999:2399883
1908:12 June
1880:2399893
1384:Gallery
1287:to aid
1229:protein
1213:calcium
1193:sherbet
1097:Glencoe
1040:parched
1022:Ecology
971:Habitat
906:A. fony
870:Capuron
732:Species
714:Pachira
644:endemic
622:Species
600:diploid
594:except
560:species
501:Bahobab
421:Flowers
322:genomic
241:baobabs
233:species
188:Genus:
158:Order:
100:Plantae
3364:ADANS2
3359:PLANTS
3351:659137
3299:4411-1
3247:100497
3182:252467
3156:187760
3153:APDB:
3039:
2919:Baill.
2889:Baill.
2862:Baobab
2794:3 June
2768:
2760:
2721:
2713:
2695:
2634:3 June
2508:
2498:
2344:8 June
2184:
2174:
2133:
1997:
1989:
1878:
1870:
1794:
1786:
1737:
1727:
1685:
1658:
1641:Nature
1498:pollen
1483:flower
1378:Nazism
1353:Kukawa
1327:, and
1249:Angola
1145:Leaves
1055:weaver
1036:leaves
1012:Darfur
997:tsingy
957:Baill.
904:(syn.
899:&
849:Baill.
821:(syn.
791:Baill.
400:Leaves
152:Rosids
18:Baobab
3338:69108
3325:21590
3307:IRMNG
3286:81507
3234:21769
3221:1AADG
3208:71375
3169:75228
2820:3 May
2766:S2CID
2719:S2CID
2396:(PDF)
2389:(PDF)
2063:(PDF)
2044:Taxon
2040:(PDF)
1995:JSTOR
1876:JSTOR
1792:S2CID
1321:fiber
1309:A. za
1263:. In
1170:fruit
1157:Fruit
1008:Sudan
981:biome
729:Image
702:Ceiba
686:Ceiba
683:like
529:genus
466:Fruit
304:) or
229:genus
227:is a
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
3372:POWO
3333:NCBI
3320:ITIS
3294:IPNI
3268:GRIN
3255:GBIF
3216:EPPO
3177:BOLD
3164:APNI
3037:ISSN
2957:2012
2848:2018
2822:2018
2796:2012
2758:PMID
2711:PMID
2666:2020
2636:2012
2600:2021
2559:2008
2506:PMID
2430:2014
2404:2014
2372:2008
2346:2014
2262:2016
2220:2011
2182:PMID
2131:PMID
2071:2018
2011:2020
1987:ISSN
1910:2018
1868:ISSN
1784:PMID
1735:OCLC
1725:ISBN
1701:2018
1683:ISBN
1584:2011
1466:leaf
1329:fuel
1307:and
1295:Seed
1238:GRAS
1028:arid
987:and
897:Jum.
614:and
598:are
527:The
388:and
331:The
324:and
212:See
3398:WFO
3273:167
3242:FNA
3203:EoL
3195:NYL
3190:CoL
3027:hdl
3017:doi
3013:113
2984:doi
2750:doi
2703:doi
2496:PMC
2486:doi
2266:doi
2172:PMC
2162:doi
2121:doi
2052:doi
1979:doi
1860:doi
1774:hdl
1766:doi
1656:PMC
1646:doi
1569:L."
1363:in
1325:dye
1247:In
1112:in
646:to
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272:or
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